CN113209318A - 一种放射性核素标记的idh1抑制剂及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂及其应用。本发明根据IDH1抑制剂AG135和AG120设计了分子前体,通过在AG135和AG120的F原子位置处引入‑SnMe3替代基,便于通过化学反应标记上F‑18,从而得到理化性质和药物性质完全保留的新型PET分子探针18F‑AG135和18F‑AG120。本发明的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂能够特异靶向IDH1突变蛋白酶,可用于IDH1突变肿瘤显像,对IDH1突变肿瘤的诊断筛选、预测预后和疗效监测方面具有临床价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂及其应用,属于放射性药物化学技术领域。
背景技术
异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)是胞质中重要的代谢酶,在三羧酸循环中起重要作用,有3种同工酶为IDH1、IDH2和IDH3。其中,异柠檬酸脱氢酶1编码IDH1酶,位于细胞胞浆和过氧化物酶体中,在细胞代谢、能量生产和维持细胞正常α-酮戊二酸是细胞三羧酸循环(TCA)的关键中间体,是多种重要的双加氧酶的底物。IDH1发生突变后,会将正常代谢产物α-酮戊二酸氧化还原为2-羟基戊二酸(2-HG),2-HG与DNA甲基化和组蛋白的改变有密切关系,在细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的信号通路中发挥了一定作用,从而促进肿瘤发生。文献报道IDH1基因突变存在于多种肿瘤组织中,在神经胶质瘤和急性髓细胞白血病(AML)的一些亚型中较为常见,纤维肉瘤、胆管癌、黑色素瘤、肾癌、子宫颈癌、前列腺癌等实体肿瘤也有报道。
目前,IDH1突变成为癌症治疗的新靶点,许多阻断突变IDH1的抑制剂已被开发出来。这类抑制剂主要通过与IDH1突变酶(mIDH1)结合,从而抑制减少代谢产物2-羟基戊二酸(2-HG)的生成,使细胞能够正常分化。目前已进入临床试验的第一代口服抑制剂主要包括AG120、IDH305和FT-2102,其中,FT-2102正处于I期临床研究,作为单药或联合阿胺嘧啶用于AML、高危骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的患者;IDH305已进入Ⅱ期临床试验,主要用于神经胶质瘤;AG120(化学名Ivosidenib)在血液系统肿瘤I期临床试验中表现出优异效果,可使具有MuIDH1复发/难治AML患者获得较为持久的缓解,短期及长期疗效均较好,且治疗中安全性较为可靠,在2018年已被美国FDA批准上市,是目前唯一获得美国FDA批准针对IDH1突变的口服抑制剂;AG-5198是Agios研发的针对突变IDH1的首个活性小分子抑制剂,但在进一步临床推进过程中发现其代谢稳定性差,成药性不佳,Gejing Deng等学者对其结构进行优化,从而获得了新的抑制剂AG135,其对IDH1突变具有更高选择性。由此可见,IDH1突变作为肿瘤诊疗的新靶点具有广泛的应用前景。
随着分子靶向药物在抗肿瘤药物中的所占比重越来越大,如何进行分子靶向药物精准治疗也受到越来越多的关注,因此,对特定生物分子靶点的准确识别显得尤为重要。目前,IDH1突变检测方法主要包括基因直接测序法、PCR-SSCP法、焦磷酸测序法、高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)等,以上方法都是建立在组织活检的基础上,而恶性肿瘤重要的特征之一是存在肿瘤异质性,原发灶内部不同区域或不同的转移灶由于肿瘤异质性可能具有不同的基因和表型,单次组织病理活检不能满足需求,使得分子靶向药物治疗的应用不一定能取得预期效果。而核医学新型放射性药物分子探针的设计应用,可以实现在分子或细胞水平上对活体成像,借助特异的分子探针,可以单次无创地显示病灶的不同生物学信息,实现肿瘤突变分子信息可视化,同时可进行定量分析。
随着核医学的发展,分子影像特别是正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)的应用在肿瘤诊断和治疗方面显示出了巨大的潜能优势,18F具有合适的半衰期(109.8min),显像图像好,通过医用回旋加速器可以容易获得,便于临床运输,是目前临床应用最广泛的标记核素。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:现有的IDH1突变检测方法不能满足准确识别和定量分析特定生物分子靶点的需求等问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明公开了一种放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂,其特征在于,包括18F-AG135和18F-AG120中的至少一种:
优选地,所述的18F-AG135和18F-AG120分别是由如下所示的化学前体pre-AG135和pre-AG120进行放射性核素F-18标记后得到:
优选地,所述的18F-AG135和18F-AG120的放射化学纯度均为100%。
本发明还公开了所述的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂在制备靶向IDH1的肿瘤显像剂中的应用。
本发明的技术原理:
18F具有合适的半衰期(109.8min),显像图像好,通过医用回旋加速器可以容易获得,便于临床运输,是目前临床应用最广泛的标记核素,AG120(Ivosidenib)和AG135均为IDH1抑制剂,其对IDH1突变具有高选择性,其化学结构中的吡啶环或苯环上含有一个F原子,因此在设计前体时在吡啶环或苯环的相应位置引入-SnMe3,便于通过化学反应标记上F-18,从而得到理化性质和药物性质完全保留的新型PET分子探针18F-AG135和18F-AG120。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明首次进行了18F-AG135和18F-AG120的自动化合成,制备方法简单快捷,为放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂的科学研究和临床应用奠定了基础。
2.本发明的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂能够特异靶向IDH1突变蛋白酶,可用于IDH1突变肿瘤显像,对IDH1突变肿瘤的诊断筛选、预测预后和疗效监测方面具有临床价值。
附图说明
图1为18F-AG135的血药浓度-时间曲线;
图2为18F-AG120的血药浓度-时间曲线;
图3为18F-AG135的细胞结合时间梯度曲线;
图4为18F-AG135的细胞饱和结合曲线;
图5为18F-AG120的细胞结合时间梯度曲线;
图6为18F-AG120的细胞饱和结合曲线;
图7为18F-AG135分子探针在正常健康BALB/c小鼠体内生物分布实验结果;
图8为18F-AG120分子探针在正常健康BALB/c小鼠体内生物分布实验结果。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂,兹以优选实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂18F-AG135的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:化学前体pre-AG135的合成:
向化合物4A的dioxane(30mL)溶液中加入Sn2Me6(1.27g,3.88mmol,803.80uL,1.45eq)和Pd(PPh3)4(309.80mg,268.10umol,0.1eq),100℃搅拌半小时。LC-MS检测,原料反应完全。混合物用0.8mol/L KF(10mL)淬灭,然后使用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤和无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋干,得到粗品送HPLC分离,得到白色固体pre-AG135(110mg,产率6.12%)。
步骤2:目标化合物PET探针18F-AG135的合成:
A瓶:称取2mg pre-AG135溶于0.5mL超干二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)中作为A瓶(确保A瓶绝对无水);称取10mg铜粉末加入0.5mL DMA中再加入100μL吡啶(pyridine),得到溶液a,然后取140μL溶液a加入A瓶中。
B瓶:将溶解了[18F]KF/K2CO3/[Cu(OTf)2(py)4]的乙腈(MeCN)溶液加入瓶中,在N2保护下加热将溶剂除去,再加入超干MeCN,在N2保护下加热将溶剂除去,如此重复三次,将体系中的H2O全部除去,然后将B瓶中的溶液加入A瓶中,140℃反应10分钟。
反应结束后将反应体系冷却至室温,加少量水淬灭反应。混合物先C-18柱吸附,用2mL蒸馏水冲洗C-18柱4次,尽量将未参与反应的18F离子去除,后用纯乙醇洗脱C-18中产物,随后过中性氧化铝柱,将可能残余的18F离子吸附于铝柱中,再经旋蒸后得到终产物,通过Radio-HPLC分析,产物放化纯度达到100%。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂18F-AG120的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:化学前体pre-AG120的合成:
向化合物4-1的dioxane(10mL)溶液中加入Sn2Me6(770mg,2.35mmol,487.34uL,1.68eq)和Pd(PPh3)4(161.53mg,139.78umol,0.1eq),100℃搅拌半小时。LC-MS检测,原料反应完全。混合物用0.8mol/L KF(10mL)淬灭,然后使用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水和无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋干,得到粗品送HPLC分离,得到淡黄色固体pre-AG120(100mg,产率9.63%)。
步骤2:目标化合物PET探针18F-AG120的合成:
A瓶:称取2mg pre-AG120溶于0.5mL超干二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)中作为A瓶(确保A瓶绝对无水);称取10mg铜粉末加入0.5mL DMA中再加入100μL吡啶(pyridine),得到溶液a,然后取140μL溶液a加入A瓶中。
B瓶:将溶解了[18F]KF/K2CO3/[Cu(OTf)2(py)4]的乙腈(MeCN)溶液加入瓶中,在N2保护下加热将溶剂除去,再加入超干MeCN,在N2保护下加热将溶剂除去,如此重复三次,将体系中的H2O全部除去,然后将B瓶中的溶液加入A瓶中,140℃反应10分钟。
反应结束后将反应体系冷却至室温,加少量水淬灭反应。混合物先C-18柱吸附,用2mL蒸馏水冲洗C-18柱4次,尽量将未参与反应的18F离子去除,后用纯乙醇洗脱C-18中产物,随后过中性氧化铝柱,将可能残余的18F离子吸附于铝柱中,再经旋蒸后得到终产物,通过Radio-HPLC分析,产物放化纯度达到100%。
应用实施例1
本发明的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂的体外稳定性实验:
以实施例1制备的18F-AG135/实施例2制备的18F-AG120约20μCi分别置于100μL0.9%生理盐水及10%FBS中,充分混匀后室温存放。分别在1h、2h、4h和6h取样,在分析型HPLC上检验其纯度变化。结果表明本发明的PET探针18F-AG135/18F-AG120非常稳定,几乎没有分解。
应用实施例2
本发明的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂的药代动力学实验:
以实施例1制备的18F-AG135/实施例2制备的18F-AG120约100μCi尾静脉注射进3只8周龄Balb/c雄性小鼠体内,分别于注射后1min、3min、5min、10min、15min、20min、30min、60min、90min和120min时断尾,用毛细血管取约为5μL血样,置于计数管底部,测其计数,绘制其血药浓度-时间曲线。其中,18F-AG135的血药浓度-时间曲线如图1所示,18F-AG120的血药浓度-时间曲线如图2所示。
由图1可知,18F-AG135分布相半衰期和血液清除半衰期(t1/2)分别为3.16±0.81min、36.41±2.75min,说明该分子探针在血液中摄取迅速且快速分布到全身各个组织器官,用于体内显像时血液背景信号相对较低。
由图2可知,18F-AG120分布相半衰期和血液清除半衰期(t1/2)分别为4.25±0.28min、75.08±3.26min,说明该分子探针在血液中摄取迅速且快速分布到全身各个组织器官,用于体内显像时血液背景信号相对较低。
应用实施例3
本发明的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂与IDH1突变细胞结合试验:
将实施例1制备的18F-AG135/实施例2制备的18F-AG120(100μL,74KBq/孔)加入24孔板中(每孔约2×106个HUCCT1-mu肝内胆管癌细胞)并设置HUCCT1-wt肝内胆管癌细胞对照组和AG135/AG120阻断组,在37℃下将细胞分别孵育30min、1h、2h及4h后,分别收集上清液和细胞悬浮液进行γ计数器计数,得到细胞结合时间梯度曲线。将梯度浓度(1.5、3、6、12、24、48、96及192nM)的18F-AG135/18F-AG120加入含与上述相同的肝内胆管癌细胞孔板中,孵育2h后分别收集上清液和细胞悬液进行γ计数器计数,以加入100倍过量的冷化合物AG135/AG120组为非特异性结合,得到细胞饱和结合曲线。其中18F-AG135的细胞结合时间梯度曲线如图3所示,18F-AG120的细胞结合时间梯度曲线如图4所示;18F-AG135的细胞饱和结合曲线如图5所示,18F-AG120细胞饱和结合曲线如图6所示。
由图3可知,实验组细胞结合值明显高于阻断组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。由图4可知,Kd=45.33±1.20nM,Bmax=8.13×10-15mol/cell。
由图5可知,实验组细胞结合值明显高于阻断组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。由图6可知,Kd=28.46±1.25nM,Bmax=17.26×10-15mol/cell。
应用实施例4
本发明的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂的生物分布实验:
以实施例1制备的18F-AG135/实施例2制备的18F-AG120约100μCi尾静脉注射进8周龄Balb/c雄性小鼠体内12只,麻醉状态下,采取摘取眼球取血方式,分别在分别在30min、60min、120min及240min时各处死3只小鼠,收集包括血、脑、心、肺、肝、脾、肾、胃、小肠、大肠、骨、和肌肉组织进行称量及放射性计数。进行衰变校正后,将各个组织样品的计数与标准计数比较,结果表示为%ID/g(每克样品组织的放射性占注射剂量的百分含量),即为各个脏器对18F-AG135的相对吸收值。其中,18F-AG135分子探针在正常健康BALB/c小鼠体内生物分布实验结果如图7所示,18F-AG120分子探针在正常健康BALB/c小鼠体内生物分布实验结果如图8所示。
应用实施例5
本发明的放射性核素标记的IDH1抑制剂的正常小鼠体内显像实验:
以实施例1制备的18F-AG135/实施例2制备的18F-AG120约3.7MBq/100μL经尾静脉注射入正常健康雄性Balb/c小鼠体内,注射后于30min和1h进行micro-PET/CT显像,结果发现在PET/CT图像中,显像剂18F-AG135/18F-AG120主要浓聚于肝脏和肠道部位,余各组织器官摄取值非常低。
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的前提下,还将可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。
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