CN113208020A - 一种提高人体免疫力的植物保健饮料 - Google Patents
一种提高人体免疫力的植物保健饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113208020A CN113208020A CN202110369475.8A CN202110369475A CN113208020A CN 113208020 A CN113208020 A CN 113208020A CN 202110369475 A CN202110369475 A CN 202110369475A CN 113208020 A CN113208020 A CN 113208020A
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Landscapes
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高人体免疫力的植物保健饮料。其配方主要由落叶松提取物(二氢槲皮素)，紫锥菊，灵芝这三种植物和多种维生素矿物质组成。按每1000毫升饮料来讲，具体配方如下：落叶松提取物(二氢槲皮素)90～150毫克，紫锥菊提取物200～400毫克，灵芝提取物900～1500毫克，牛磺酸270～300毫克，白砂糖30～80克，水1000毫升，维生素D 60微克，维生素E 60毫克，锌30毫克，硒150微克。本发明采用这三种植物和维生素矿物质的组合在提高免疫力的同时，有利于预防多种流感病毒和冠状病毒，具有较高的保健价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及草本植物饮料领域，具体涉及一种提高人体免疫力的保健饮料。
背景技术
目前病毒大流行严重影响了人们的生活，世界各国都面临着极大挑战，开发提高免疫力、增强抵抗病毒感染的药物和保健品是全世界人民的急需。本保健饮料就是在这样的背景下研发出来的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种保健饮料，能够提高人体免疫力，有助于抵抗病毒侵扰。
本发明是一种提高人体免疫力的植物保健饮料。其配方主要由落叶松提取物(二氢槲皮素)，紫锥菊，灵芝这三种植物和多种维生素矿物质组成。
本发明是一种提高人体免疫力的植物保健饮料。按每1000毫升饮料来讲，具体配方如下：二氢槲皮素90～150毫克，紫锥菊提取物200～400毫克，灵芝提取物900～1500毫克，牛磺酸270～300毫克，白砂糖30～80克，水 1000毫升，维生素D 60微克，维生素E 60毫克，锌30毫克，硒150微克。配方中的紫锥菊提取物和灵芝提取物均为10:1提取。所述10:1提取表示从10 克原材料中提取出1克浓缩提取物，也就是说，所述配方里每1毫克植物提取物相当于10毫克原植物。
本发明是一种提高人体免疫力的植物保健饮料。按每罐330毫升饮料来讲，最佳配方比例如下：二氢槲皮素30毫克，紫锥菊提取物100毫克，灵芝提取物 300毫克，牛磺酸100毫克，白砂糖27克，水330毫升，维生素D 20微克，维生素E 20毫克，锌10毫克，硒50微克。其中紫锥菊提取物和灵芝提取物均为 10:1提取，即所述配方里每1毫克植物提取物相当于10毫克原植物。
按每1000毫升所述植物保健饮料，其具体配方还包括：二氢槲皮素30～150毫克，紫锥菊提取物100～500毫克，灵芝提取物300～1500毫克，牛磺酸200～800毫克，白砂糖0～100克，维生素D 30～200微克，维生素 E 20～200毫克，锌20～100毫克，硒100～500微克，其余组分为水，配方中的紫锥菊提取物和灵芝提取物均为10:1提取。这个配方里每一组份的用量范围都比前一配方有所扩大。这是因为考虑到不同档次保健程度的需求不同而做出的调整。
具体实施方式
本发明还提供了该保健饮料的制备方法和生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)紫锥菊提取物、灵芝提取物均为水溶性产品，可直接添加到一定比例的水中混合摇匀，然后用煮沸法进行高温杀菌，温度100℃左右，时间5～10 分钟，然后将此溶液静置放凉至室温备用。
(2)二氢槲皮素不溶于水，但可溶于沸水。借此特点，可以将二氢槲皮素用下述方法溶于饮料中。步骤一：将高纯度的二氢槲皮素和一定比例的阿拉伯半乳聚糖混合，然后放入沸水中充分溶解。步骤二：将步骤一所述的混合溶液过高压均质机，均质3～5次，均质压为50～600MPa。在多次均质的间歇期间，在所述被均质的溶液中添加一定比例的卵磷脂，可得到二氢槲皮素均质液。然后将此均质液静置放凉至室温。步骤三：将维生素D粉、维生素E粉和一定比例的奇亚籽油和卵磷脂混合，然后将其添加至步骤二所述的二氢槲皮素均质液中。步骤四：将葡萄糖酸锌或甘氨酸与L-硒代蛋氨酸溶解在一定比例的水中，然后将获得的混合溶液也添加至步骤二所述的二氢槲皮素均质液中。步骤五：将所述添加了维生素矿物质的二氢槲皮素均质液再次过高压均质机，均质1～2 次，均质压为20～50MPa，得到二氢槲皮素水溶性乳液备用。此水溶性乳液包括二氢槲皮素、维生素D、维生素E、锌、硒这些主要成分。
维生素D和维生素E是脂溶性维生素可以溶解在油脂中。卵磷脂是天然乳化剂和两性离子表面活性剂，可以增加油脂的亲水性，使油能够溶于水中形成乳液。这里用来溶解维生素的油脂可以是任何一种健康油脂。奇亚籽油的优势在于它富含Omega-3，对提高人体的免疫力有很大帮助。有研究表明定期服用维生素D或Omega-3补充剂可以增强老年人的免疫系统，帮助抵御包括 COVID-19在内的感染。在所述对二氢槲皮素和阿拉伯半乳聚糖混合溶液进行多次均质的间歇期间添加卵磷脂，而不是在一开始的沸水溶液中添加卵磷脂，是因为这样可以减少高温对卵磷脂的氧化破坏。卵磷脂不耐高温，80℃以上便逐步氧化酸败分解，不适合直接放在沸水中。而阿拉伯半乳聚糖的熔点在200℃以上，直接放在沸水中，对其化学性能影响不大。
(3)将牛磺酸、白砂糖、所述二氢槲皮素水溶性乳液和所述植物提取物溶液放入水中混合摇匀，即可得到最终的植物保健饮料。
(4)将最终的植物保健饮料放置于温度115℃～125℃的蒸馏缸中杀菌，杀菌时间3秒～30分钟，然后进行装瓶。其中，将所述最终的植物保健饮料放置于121℃蒸馏缸中杀菌4分钟，然后进行装瓶，为最佳杀菌方案。
本发明为草本植物饮料，液体形式更有利于人体吸收。饮料中落叶松提取物(二氢槲皮素)和灵芝均为药食两用植物，安全无副作用。紫锥菊、牛磺酸及饮料中所含的其它维生素矿物质和辅助性物质如卵磷脂、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、奇亚籽油均被认为是无明显副作用且安全性极好的物质。二氢槲皮素能够杀菌防腐，无需再添加防腐剂。因此本保健饮料无防腐剂、无色素、无酒精，安全无副作用。
有益效果
本保健饮料所含各种原料的营养功效和药理如下：
(1)松树在中国被认为是长寿的象征。早在5千年前的《黄帝内经》中就有关于对松树药理价值的记载。将松树列为治病和长寿的上等药材。明代《本草纲目》中对松树的药用价值也有明确的记载，认为由松树的叶、皮、根等制成的食品和药品久服可以延年益寿、驻颜、固齿、轻身不老。近些年的科学研究发现，从落叶松的根部和树皮中提取的二氢槲皮素具有多种医疗和保健功效。
二氢槲皮素，英文名：Dihydroquercetin.又称花旗松素,英文名：Taxifolin。二氢槲皮素是一种黄酮醇类化合物，属于维生素P族。它广泛存在于多种植物中，在落叶松中和花旗松中含量较高。二氢槲皮素与其他黄酮类化合物一样，在人体中具有多种生物活性，包括抗氧化、清除自由基、抗病毒、抗发炎、血管舒张、改善机体免疫力和抗菌的作用，还具有抗肿瘤、抗辐射、改善毛细血管微循环、改善脑部血液循环、抗血小板凝聚、抗心血管系统疾病的作用，可以净血排毒。已有人将它开发为保健食品和药品用于治疗脑梗及其后遗症、脑血栓、心脏冠状动脉等疾病。而且大剂量使用没有发现它有毒性反应，也没有实验发现它对胎儿有致畸、致过敏和致突变作用。
科学家长久以来一直在研究西伯利亚落叶松提取物中包含的生物类黄酮二氢槲皮酮的抗氧化特性。中国的数据显示，它可以干扰自由基破坏细胞膜，抵抗发炎，并有助于对抗新冠病毒。东弗吉尼亚医学院将二氢槲皮素和其活性更弱一些的变异体纳入新冠肺炎患者的治疗方案中。这种物质已经在沙特阿拉伯进行了临床试验，并被当地卫生部推荐用于预防和治疗冠状病毒感染。来自罗马和米兰大学的意大利研究人员进行的细胞培养实验表明，这种物质可以抑制冠状病毒主要蛋白酶(3Clpro)并降低ACE2受体的活性，并减弱感染期间的炎症反应。这些科学实验显示二氢槲皮素具有阻止冠状病毒进入人体细胞的作用，是预防和治疗新冠肺炎的第一道防线。二氢槲皮素还可以治疗呼吸系统疾病，有益于治疗气喘、肺炎等疾病。研究显示，长期服用二氢槲皮素可防止慢性呼吸系统的疾病加重，有助于维持免疫系统，提高抗中毒性，对支气管炎、急性肺炎、慢性阻塞性支气管炎、急性支气管炎疾病具有治疗作用。可见，二氢槲皮素是目前植物中用来预防和治疗新冠肺炎的首选物质。上述实验研究为我们研发此保健饮料提供了坚实的依据和科学基础。
二氢槲皮素还具有增强免疫力的作用，可以快速缓解疲劳，激活长寿基因，延缓细胞衰老。二氢槲皮素抗衰老、延长寿命的作用曾被诺贝尔奖金获得者认可。诺贝尔奖金获得者，科学家波林格认为，在一年内每天吃二氢槲皮素4～10 克及维生素C食品，可以使人的寿命延长20～25年。所以我们研发的此款饮料还具有抗衰老、延长寿命的作用。
二氢槲皮素在食品中的抗氧化能力也相当出众，与合成抗氧化剂EDTA等相近，能降低其他抗氧化剂的使用，起到护色、提高稳定性及货架期等作用；它对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌和伤寒杆菌等多种致病菌都有显著抑制作用，能减少防腐剂的使用。2017年2月14日，欧洲食品安全局的食物营养与过敏专家组发布了将从落叶松中提取的二氢槲皮素作为新型食品原料的科学意见。2018年3月21日，欧盟委员会发布(EU)2017/461号法规，规定了二氢槲皮素作为新型食品原料的要求。可见，二氢槲皮素功能强大，是一种兼具食品、保健品、药品三位一体的安全优良的植物提取物。这也说明二氢槲皮素既可以被开发为药品用来治疗新冠肺炎，也可以做为保健品来预防冠状病毒入侵。
(2)紫锥菊，英文名：Echinacea，又称紫锥花，松果菊。紫锥菊原产于北美，是美国很受欢迎的草本植物。美国的原土著居民把它利用在治疗牙痛、喉咙痛、感冒及传染病上，也用来治疗鼻窦炎和支气管炎等疾病。19世纪末紫锥菊传至欧洲。目前紫锥菊已经是欧美最畅销的保健食品。紫锥菊的主要功能是增强免疫力，对抗细菌或病毒，能预防感冒和流行感冒，对抗上呼吸道感染，特别是在感冒初期使用效果更好，能缩短感冒和流感的治愈时间。此外，紫锥菊还可以治疗香港脚、莱姆病、酵母菌感染、喉头、下泌尿道慢行感染；还可愈合伤口，治疗慢性溃疡。紫锥菊含有多种有效成分，如多糖、黄酮、咖啡酸的衍生物、精油、烷酰胺和生物碱等。人们已知多糖可以激发身体细胞去对抗感染，激发白介素的生长。据研究，紫锥菊对抗病毒的作用机理是，其所含的活性化合物可以刺激白细胞的吞噬作用，通过白细胞吞噬病原体以及组织碎片的过程来清除外来入侵者，包括细菌和病毒。一般的保健品是间接地提高人体的免疫力，也就是先强化体质，然后带动人体免疫力的提高。而紫锥菊可以快速直接地刺激免疫系统，使人体对抗病原的能力在短期内被提升。因此，紫锥菊早已被欧美研发为普遍使用的医药品。美国的草药产品协会也给予了紫锥菊一级的安全等级，因为紫锥菊很少会引起过敏反应，可以放心使用。
(3)灵芝，英文名：Reishi Mushrooms.灵芝在中国地位尊贵，是一种极有价值的保健品和草药。中国人使用灵芝已经有四千年历史。在中国灵芝有“仙草”之称，认为灵芝具有提高免疫力、抗衰老、延长寿命、提高肝脏解毒能力、调节神经系统、保护心血管、治疗呼吸系统疾病的作用。灵芝没有副作用。中医博士、美国道家中医药研究院院长指出，灵芝的两个主要功能是：锗可以促进血液循环、增加氧气的吸收；多糖可以提高免疫系统。在中医中药领域，灵芝的用途非常广泛，如养心、养气、养血，加强呼吸系统，加强免疫系统，促进新陈代谢，降低胆固醇等。现代科学实验还发现灵芝所含的灵芝酸(三萜类物质)具有迅速提高免疫力的作用，表现在能够促进淋巴细胞增殖，提高巨噬细胞、NK细胞、T细胞的吞噬能力和杀伤力，对HIV-1病毒、蛋白酶均有一定的抑制作用。灵芝所含有机锗可以诱导人体产生并激活NK细胞和巨噬细胞活性，参与免疫调节。NK细胞，即自然杀伤细胞(Natural KillerCell)，属于我们人体免疫的第一道防线，与T细胞，B淋巴细胞共同组成天然免疫系统，参与对多种病毒的免疫应答反应，能够有效保护机体，清除病毒感染。因为NK细胞的天然免疫杀伤能力，以及出色的免疫调节机制，使其被应用在了治疗新冠病毒的研究中。目前已有多项NK细胞的临床治疗试验在开展。2020年4月，美国的Celularity公司宣布，其NK细胞疗法CYNK-001新药临床试验申请获得了FDA批准，成为了首个获得FDA批准在COVID-19成年患者中开展临床试验的免疫疗法。灵芝所含的三萜类物质和有机锗都有激活NK细胞的作用，能够提高免疫力。从免疫疗法的角度看，说明灵芝具有预防新冠病毒感染的能力。2020 年国际学术刊物《Molecules(分子)》刊出了《真菌的天然活性化合物作为蛋白酶抑制剂和免疫调节剂可用做冠状病毒的潜在候选药》一文。文中指出：真菌特别是灵芝,包括：赤芝、紫芝、越南灵芝的活性化合物(三萜类、多糖类和小分子蛋白)具有抑制HIV蛋白酶和调节免疫力的作用，为防治冠状病毒提供了潜在的候选药，未来可用于治疗冠状病毒，特别是防止新冠病毒感染。可见多国专家都认为灵芝可用于防控新型冠状病毒肺炎。
(4)维生素D是一种微量元素，可代谢为对人体健康至关重要的多功能类固醇激素，除了是维持钙平衡和骨骼健康的重要部分，也通过与遍部全身的受体 (vitamin Dreceptor)结合(如大脑，血管，前列腺，乳房和免疫细胞)，直接地或间接地影响2千组以上的基因，但也有非基因组的快速作用，包括对内皮的直接稳定作用。目前研究发现，维生素D缺乏与许多慢性病的发生和发展密切相关。维生素D缺乏可能会影响免疫系统，因为维生素D具有免疫调节作用，通过上调抗菌肽(7-8)的表达和分泌以促进粘膜的防御来增强固有免疫。2021 年1月发表的一项系统回顾性研究论文显示，血液维生素D水平与COVID-19 的感染风险、严重性和死亡率相关，缺乏者的感染机率上升，预后也差。另有统计分析显示(meta-analysis,涉及376,596名参与者)，维生素D缺乏或不足与新冠肺炎风险增加有关。此外，新冠肺炎COVID-19阳性个体的维生素D水平低于阴性个体。世界卫生组织WHO还指出维生素D可用于预防儿童呼吸道感染，如肺炎和流感等。由此可见，维生素D缺乏和不足与较高的新冠病毒感染率及较差的预后有关。补充维生素D、提高血液维生素D水平能降低新冠病毒感染机率，对于治疗新冠肺炎也有极大的帮助。本保健饮料中选择添加维生素D，以增强人体的免疫力，降低新冠病毒的感染机率。尤其是新冠疫情爆发以来，很多人尽量减少外出行动，晒太阳的机会减少，人体通过晒太阳自动合成维生素D的机会也大大减少。这时口服补充维生素D对每一个人都是需要的。
(5)维生素E又称生育酚，是最主要的抗氧化剂之一。维生素E是脂溶性维生素，不溶于水。作为抗氧化剂，维生素E有助于多元不饱和脂肪酸及磷脂质被氧化，故可保护细胞膜，维持细胞膜的完整性。维生素E能够提高机体的免疫力。维生素E的缺乏会引起吞噬功能受抑制，在构成免疫系统的白细胞中多核白细胞及淋巴中的α-生育酚的数量是红细胞中的30倍，由此可见维生素E对增强免疫力的重要作用。1974年Warshauer等研究表明，缺乏维生素E会引起脾组织杀菌能力下降。1979年，Corwin等人分析认为维生素E能直接刺激B细胞使得脾脏抗体生成数目增加。给小鼠喂养含180mg/kg维生素E的饲料，发现维生素E能促进T细胞成熟，刺激T细胞和混合淋巴细胞的免疫反应。研究显示，维生素E能减少空气污染对肺脏的伤害，补充维生素E可使肺炎的发生率降低69％。维生素E还有助于降低肺癌风险，能够预防慢性阻塞性肺病。目前成年人营养补充维生素每日参考用量：维生素E为30mg。新冠肺炎患者常常白细胞低。补充维生素E有助于提高人体白细胞水平，有利于防治新冠肺炎。此外，维生素E和硒能协同作用清除自由基。维生素E能更好的促进人体对硒的吸收。硒对于防治新冠肺炎具有非常重要作用。
(6)锌是人体必需的微量元素。锌在人体生长发育过程中起着极其重要的作用，常被人们誉为“生命之花”和“智力之源”。锌参与体内300多种酶的合成与激活，是蛋白质、核酸、碳水化合物的合成和维生素A利用的必需物质。锌具有促进生长发育、改善味觉、提高免疫力、促进神经系统发育的作用。锌元素是免疫器官胸腺发育的营养素，只有锌含量充足，才能有效保证胸腺发育，正常分化T淋巴细胞，促进细胞免疫功能。多项科学研究发现，补锌可以提高人体抵抗力，缩短感冒天数。锌缺乏与儿童发育迟缓以及感染风险增加有关。缺锌也是肺炎发展的一个重要风险因素。2020年4月《国际分子医学杂志》发布了一项系统回顾性论文表明，锌可以提高人体免疫力，减少炎症反应，有可能增强人体对新冠病毒的抵抗力。这篇文章指出，体外实验显示，锌通过抑制冠状病毒的RNA聚合酶而具有抗病毒能力。ACE2是新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2进入细胞的主要受体。锌可以降低血管紧张素转换酶(ACE2)的活性，从而减少新冠病毒进入人体细胞的机会。锌还可以通过上调干扰素α的产生和增加其抗病毒活性来提高锌的抗病毒能力。锌还具有抑制NF-κB信号传导和调节T细胞功能的作用，进而能够限制新冠肺炎COVID-19中的细胞因子风暴，具有抗炎作用。这说明锌可以通过减少炎症的途径成为预防和辅助性治疗新冠肺炎的方法。该论文还指出，现有数据表明，成年人和老年人的锌水平与肺炎之间及其并发症 (包括呼吸衰竭，呼吸机诱发的损伤和败血症)之间存在关联。改善人体的锌水平可以降低肺部细菌感染的风险。这是通过改善呼吸道上皮的粘膜纤毛清除和屏蔽功能以及对肺炎链球菌的直接抗菌作用实现的。文章指出，锌对新冠病毒具有潜在的抗病毒作用。锌不足可能是病毒感染的危险因素之一。锌的补充和人体锌水平的改善在预防肺炎及其并发症方面是有效的。人体自身不能合成所需的锌元素。只能从食物中获取。世界卫生组织推荐每日的锌摄入量为：儿童10毫克，成年女性12毫克，成年男性15毫克。一些特殊人群需要更多的锌摄入量，因为他们更容易出现缺锌的情况。这些人群包括儿童和青少年，孕妇和老年人等。
(7)硒是人体必需的微量元素。硒是人类迄今发现的最重要的抗衰老元素，被国际医药界和营养学界誉为“抗癌之王”、“心脏守护神”、“天然解毒剂”、“第一长寿元素”。硒的作用有很多，归纳起来大概有十种：(1)提高人体免疫力。硒能提高免疫系统细胞的增殖、刺激免疫球蛋白及抗体的产生，从而增强机体免疫力。硒还能增强免疫系统对进入体内的病毒、异物及体内病变的识别能力，提高免疫系统细胞吞噬、杀菌的能力，进而提高机体的免疫功能。(2)适当补充硒制剂可以延缓衰老，延年益寿。氧化自由基被称为“百病之源”，也是人体衰老的根本原因。硒的抗氧化效力比维生素E高500倍。硒元素是抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的重要活性成分，能够发挥清除自由基的作用，抗氧化、延缓衰老。研究发现，血硒水平的高低决定着人的寿命。长寿老人体内的血硒含量比一般人高出3～6倍。(3)硒可以保护肝脏。适量补硒最终能除掉人体内大约90％的乙肝病毒。硒的重要作用是增强人体的免疫力和抗氧化能力，这也是硒能协助防治病毒性疾病的基础。(4)防癌抗癌。硒能抑制多种致癌物质的致癌作用。硒是癌细胞的杀伤剂，在体内能形成抑制癌细胞分裂和增殖的内环境。(5)防治心脑血管疾病。补硒能保护心肌，降低血液粘稠度，减少血栓形成。(6)硒能提高视力，防治各种眼疾，保护眼睛。(7)硒能解毒。硒是一种非金属元素，与金属的结合力很强，能与体内汞、锡、铊、铅等重金属结合，起到排毒解毒的作用。硒还能减轻化学致癌物、农药和间接致癌物的毒副作用，及时清除体内废物、垃圾、毒素。因此，硒获得了“天然解毒剂”的美名。(8)硒是天然胰岛素。硒能防止胰岛β细胞被氧化破坏，保护和恢复胰岛功能。硒还能促进糖代谢、降低血糖和尿糖，有利于改善糖尿病症状。(9)硒能保护细胞膜的完整性，使细胞膜免受氧化损伤。硒还能保护血液中的红细胞，提高血红细胞的携氧能力，能减少大脑缺氧和忧郁、疲劳等现象。(10)硒在生物体内主要以硒蛋白的形式发挥生理功能。硒能促进体内抗体的合成以及血液中抗体的水平，因为产生抗体滴度的高低会受血清硒水平的影响。目前很多人开始注射新冠疫苗，这时补硒有利于体内抗体的形成。
硒还具有抗病毒突变的能力。反转录病毒含有编码硒蛋白的UGA密码因子。病毒复制过程中硒的需求量增加，这导致人体内硒的缺乏并产生伤害宿主细胞的氧化自由基，继而使病毒本身的基因组也出现氧化损伤，诱导病毒突变。目前流行的新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2就是一种反转录病毒。补硒可以直接降低新冠病毒突变的机率。硒还可以增强免疫系统对进入体内的病毒的识别能力，抑制进入体内的病毒使其保持低水平增殖。这包括能抑制进入体内的新冠病毒使其保持低水平增殖。硒在各种具有免疫调节功能的维生素和微量元素中是目前已知的唯一与病毒有直接关系的微量元素。补硒还有利于防治病毒感染。硒的抗氧化功能还可以防止或减轻“新冠病毒”对肺组织造成的损伤，降低整体的炎症感染水平。硒参与抑制病毒感染引起的细胞凋亡也可能是硒能防治病毒性疾病的机制之一。大量临床研究表明，适量补硒可以帮助降低病毒性感染发病的机率。如埃博拉病毒(Ebola)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、乳腺肿瘤病毒(MMTV)等。以上显示，硒具有的抗氧化、增强机体免疫力和抗病毒的能力，这使得硒在防治新冠肺炎中可能起到重要作用。既往研究显示，甲型流感、SARS和埃博拉病毒在非洲和亚洲一些土壤硒含量低地区的漂移导致了其毒力的增加。2020年一项对新冠肺炎患者治愈率与死亡率进行关联分析的研究发现，17个城市的新冠肺炎患者的治愈率与富硒水平呈显著正相关；富硒地区新冠肺炎患者的治愈率约为其他地区平均水平的3倍；缺硒地区新冠肺炎患者的死亡率约为其他地区平均水平的5倍。这说明地域硒水平可能是影响新冠肺炎患者治愈率或死亡率的重要因素。因此，补硒对降低新冠病毒的传播和防治新冠肺炎非常必要。世界卫生组织WHO推荐成年人每天硒的摄入量为60～200微克。硒与维生素E 的结合，能更有效的促进人体更好的吸收，且维生素E可防止补硒过量，防止硒中毒。所以本保健饮料选择同时补充硒和维生素E。
(8)牛磺酸是一种氨基酸，具有促进机体免疫力增强和抗疲劳的作用。牛磺酸在人脑内含量丰富能促进神经系统和视网膜神经细胞的发育，对胎儿和幼儿的生长发育极为重要，还能显著抑制和治疗老年性痴呆，改善常人的脑功能和视网膜组织。研究显示，补充牛磺酸可以抑制白内障的发生发展，并能有效地提高人的记忆能力和学习能力。牛磺酸还能促进垂体激素分泌，活化胰腺功能，从而改善机体内分泌系统的状态。牛磺酸可与胰岛素受体结合，促进细胞摄取和利用葡萄糖，加速糖酵解，降低血糖浓度。牛磺酸在循环系统中可抑制血小板凝集，降低血脂，保持人体正常血压和防止动脉硬化；牛磺酸对降低血液中胆固醇含量也有特殊疗效。牛磺酸对心肌细胞有保护作用，可抗心律失常，治疗心力衰竭。牛磺酸参与蛋白质、糖类、脂肪的代谢调节，具有降低血糖、改善脂肪肝，预防胆结石形成的作用。近年的研究显示，牛磺酸对肾脏也有很好的保护和治疗作用，对肺动脉内皮和平滑肌细胞的增殖有一定调节作用。牛磺酸具有防治缺氧性肺血管收缩和参与血管结构改建的作用，可降低肺动脉压力，减轻心肺组织的损伤。牛磺酸在动物缺氧时可减轻肺血管内皮细胞ET-1释放增加所引起的改变，从而参与肺循环的调节。这一特点使得牛磺酸有利于防治与肺炎相关的疾病，如有利于防治新冠肺炎COVID-19。
综上所述，本保健饮料所含的主要成分都具有提高免疫力和有益肺部健康的作用。能从多角度、多部位提高人体免疫力，有利于抵抗包括流感病毒和 COVID-19新型冠状病毒在内的多种病毒。长期饮用本饮料不仅能提高人体免疫力、增强抵抗力，有助于抵抗多种病毒的侵扰，还能抗衰老，延年益寿，具有极好的养生作用。
Claims (8)
1.一种提高人体免疫力的植物保健饮料，其特征在于，所述植物保健饮料包括落叶松提取物、紫锥菊、灵芝三种植物成分，其中所述落叶松提取物是二氢槲皮素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植物保健饮料，其特征在于，所述植物保健饮料还包括以下维生素矿物质：维生素D、维生素E、锌、硒和牛磺酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的植物保健饮料，其特征在于，按每1000毫升所述植物保健饮料，其具体配方包括：二氢槲皮素90～150毫克，紫锥菊提取物200～400毫克，灵芝提取物900～1500毫克，牛磺酸270～300毫克，白砂糖30～80克，水1000毫升，维生素D 60微克，维生素E 60毫克，锌30毫克，硒150微克，配方中的紫锥菊提取物和灵芝提取物均为10:1提取。
4.根据权利要求1所述的植物保健饮料，其特征在于，按每1000毫升所述植物保健饮料，其具体配方还包括：二氢槲皮素30～150毫克，紫锥菊提取物100～500毫克，灵芝提取物300～1500毫克，牛磺酸200～800毫克，白砂糖0～100克，维生素D 30～200微克，维生素E20～200毫克，锌20～100毫克，硒100～500微克，其余组分为水，配方中的紫锥菊提取物和灵芝提取物均为10:1提取。
5.一种制备根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述植物保健饮料的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将紫锥菊提取物、灵芝提取物直接添加到一定比例的水中混合，然后用煮沸法进行高温杀菌，温度100℃左右，时间5～10分钟，然后静置放凉至室温，以获得植物提取物溶液备用；
(2)将高纯度的二氢槲皮素和一定比例的阿拉伯半乳聚糖混合后放入沸水中充分溶解，然后将此混合溶液过高压均质机，均质3～5次，均质压为50～600MPa，在多次均质的间歇期间，在所述被均质的溶液中添加一定比例的卵磷脂，可得到二氢槲皮素均质液，然后将所述二氢槲皮素均质液静置放凉至室温温度；
(3)将维生素D粉、维生素E粉和一定比例的奇亚籽油和卵磷脂混合，然后将其添加至步骤(2)所述的二氢槲皮素均质液中；
(4)将葡萄糖酸锌或甘氨酸锌与L-硒代蛋氨酸溶解在一定比例的水中，然后将获得的混合溶液也添加至步骤(2)所述的二氢槲皮素均质液中；
(5)将所述添加了维生素矿物质的二氢槲皮素均质液再次过高压均质机，均质1～2次，均质压为20～50MPa，得到二氢槲皮素水溶性乳液备用；
(6)将牛磺酸、白砂糖、所述二氢槲皮素水溶性乳液和所述植物提取物溶液放入水中混合摇匀，即可得到所述植物保健饮料；
(7)将所述植物保健饮料放置于温度115℃～125℃的蒸馏缸中杀菌，杀菌时间3秒～30分钟，然后进行装瓶；其中，杀菌温度121℃和杀菌时间4分钟为最佳杀菌方案。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述混合了二氢槲皮素和阿拉伯半乳聚糖的水溶液进行高压均质机处理，均质3～5次，均质压为50～600MPa，在多次均质的间歇期间，在所述被均质的溶液中添加一定比例的卵磷脂，可得到二氢槲皮素均质液。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述添加了维生素矿物质的二氢槲皮素均质液再次进行高压均质机处理，以获得二氢槲皮素水溶性乳液时，均质1～2次，均质压为20～50MPa。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，维生素D粉和维生素E粉可以溶解在油脂中，这里用来溶解维生素的油脂可以是任何一种健康油脂，不限于奇亚籽油，也可选用橄榄油、亚麻油、火麻油、葡萄籽油、葵花籽油、麦麸油、大豆油和花生油等等。
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