CN113201026B - 基于给体-受体结构的四齿环金属铂(ii)或钯(ii)配合物发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents
基于给体-受体结构的四齿环金属铂(ii)或钯(ii)配合物发光材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2] HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydroxy, mercapto Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004057 DFT-B3LYP calculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004466 alkoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005162 aryl oxy carbonyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CNXMDTWQWLGCPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl-(2-phenylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CNXMDTWQWLGCPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000132 electrospray ionisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001437 electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M picolinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/346—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising platinum
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于给体‑受体结构的四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物发光材料及其应用。通过给体‑受体结构可以调控材料分子激发态性质,减小其最低单线态激发态(S1)和最低单线态激发态(T1)之间的能级ΔEST,提高分子的系间窜越速率,进而提高辐射速率kr可缩短其激发态寿命τobs;同时提高材料分子的磷光量子效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发光材料及其应用,尤其涉及一类具有延迟荧光性质的四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物发光材料及其在有机发光元件中的应用。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(OLED)具有分辨率高、响应快、色彩鲜艳、制造成本低等优点,因此被认为是最有潜力的新一代显示和照明技术,同时也受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注,具有广阔的应用前景。
发光材料是OLED器件的核心材料,也是此领域发展的关键,但是具有稳定高效且能够满足商业化应用的发光材料依然极其稀少,尤其是量子效率高的磷光和延迟荧光材料。因此,新型高性能发光材料的设计发展依然是促进OLED领域发展的重要研究方向。此外,OLED器件的稳定性是其商业化应用的前提,而提高发光材料分子的辐射速率可以使分子高效辐射发光;同时缩短分子处于激发态的时间,减小分子激发态寿命τobs,减少甚至避免发生三线态-三线态激子湮灭而产生高能量的单线态激子;此外,减少激发态分子非辐射弛豫产生的热能,提高材料分子和OLED器件的稳定性。因此,提高发光材料的辐射速率kr可缩短其激发态寿命τobs,对于提高材料分子和OLED器件的稳定性具有重要意义。
发明内容
为了提高辐射速率kr obs以设计发展具有短激发态寿命τobs的发光材料,本发明提供了一类基于给体-受体结构的四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物发光材料,具有通式(1)所示结构:
其中,
M独立地表示为金属铂(II)或者钯(II);
Ra、Rs、Rc、Rd和Re各自独立地表示单取代、双取代、三取代、四取代或者无取代,且Ra、Rs、Rc、Rd和Re各自独立地为氢、氘、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、烯基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的芳氧基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、卤素、羟基、巯基、硝基、氰基、氨基、羧基、磺基、肼基、脲基、炔氧基、酯基、酰胺基、磺酰基、亚磺酰基、磺酰基胺基、磷酰基胺基、烷氧基羰基胺基、芳氧基羰基胺基、甲硅烷基、烷基胺基、双烷基胺基、单芳基胺基、双芳基胺基、亚脲基、亚胺基或其组合;且两个或者多个邻近的Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd和Re可选择性连接形成稠环;
给体D1或D2各自独立地选择为以下结构:
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R7、R8、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14和R15各自独立地选择为氢、氘、卤素、取代或者未取代的烷基、取代或者未取代的烷氧基、取代或者未取代的环烷基、取代或者未取代的杂环基、取代或者未取代的芳基、取代或者未取代的芳氧基、取代或者未取代的硅基、取代或者未取代的单或二C1-C24烷基氨基、取代或者未取代的单或二芳基氨基、氰基或其组合;其中相邻的取代基可以稠合成环;
o1、p1、q1、r1、s1、t1、u1、v1、w1、x1、y1和z1分别为R1、R2、R3、R4、R7、R8、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14和R15的个数;
o1和p1是0-5的整数;q1、r1、s1、t1、u1、v1、w1、x1、y1和z1是0-4的整数;
进一步地,本发明所保护的通式(1)可以优选出以下具体结构化合物化1~化65这些化合物仅为代表性的,M表示为金属铂(II)或者钯(II):
本发明的目的之二,是提供一种有机电致发光器件。有机电致发光器件包括阳极、阴极以及位于所述阳极和阴极之间的至少一层的有机薄膜,有机薄膜中含有通式(1)所表示的一种或者多种有机电致发光化合物。所述有机层包括发光层和功能层,通式(1)所表示的化合物可以作为发光材料单独或者掺杂混合使用。
本发明的有益效果包括:
通过给体-受体结构可以调控材料分子激发态性质,减小其最低单线态激发态(S1)和最低单线态激发态(T1)之间的能级ΔEST,提高分子的系间窜越速率,进而提高辐射速率kr和缩短激发态寿命τobs;同时提高材料分子的磷光量子效率。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算得到的Pt1和Pd1的优化后的分子结构;
图2为Pt1、Pd1和其配体在室温[300K]下二氯甲烷溶液中的吸收光谱比较,Ligand代表配体;
图3为Pt1在77K和室温[300K]环境下的发射光谱图比较,其中2-MeTHF为2-甲基四氢呋喃,DCM为二氯甲烷,PMMA为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;
图4为Pd1在77K和室温[300K]环境下的发射光谱图比较,其中2-MeTHF为2-甲基四氢呋喃,DCM为二氯甲烷,PMMA为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;
图5为Pt1的光稳定性测试曲线;
图6为有机发光元件的结构示意图,图中从下到上依次表示衬底、阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极。
具体实施方式
下面将以多个合成实施例为例来进一步说明本发明的原理和特征,所举的实施例只用于解释本发明,但并非用于限定本发明的范围。
下面举例说明下述通式(1)代表的本发明的磷光发光材料的具体实例,然而,不解释为限制本发明。
除非另有说明,以下试验中所涉及到的所有商业试剂购买后直接使用,没有进一步纯化。核磁共振氢谱和碳谱均在氘代氯仿(CDCl3)或氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6)溶液中测得,氢谱使用400或500兆赫兹的核磁共振谱仪,碳谱使用100或126兆赫兹的核磁共振谱仪,化学位移以四甲基硅烷(TMS)或残留溶剂为基准。如果用CDCl3作溶剂,则氢谱和碳谱分别以TMS(δ=0.00ppm)和CDCl3(δ=77.00ppm)作为内标。如果用DMSO-d6作溶剂,则氢谱和碳谱分别以TMS(δ=0.00ppm)和DMSO-d6(δ=39.52ppm)作为内标。以下缩写(或组合)用于解释氢谱峰:s=单峰,d=双重峰,t=三重峰,q=四重峰,p=五重峰,m=多重峰,br=宽峰。高分辨质谱在Applied Biosystems公司的ESI-QTOF质谱仪上测得,样品电离模式为电喷雾电离。
合成实施例1:四齿环金属铂(II)配合物磷光发光材料Pt1合成路线
中间体3的合成:向带有磁力搅转子和冷凝管的干燥三口烧瓶中依次加入化合物1(325mg,1.00mmol,1.0当量),化合物2(390mg,1.20mmol,1.2当量),碘化亚铜(10mg,0.05mmol,5mol%),2-甲酸吡啶(12mg,0.10mmol,10mol%),磷酸钾(425mg,2.00mmol,2.0当量),然后抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入二甲基亚砜(10mL)。该混合物在90℃油浴中搅拌反应2天,薄层色谱监测至原料反应完毕,冷却至室温。加入少量的盐水,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水洗涤两次,水层用乙酸乙酯萃取两次。合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。减压蒸馏除去溶剂。所得粗品用硅胶层析柱分离提纯,洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1-5:1,得到中间体3,粘稠液体438mg,收率84%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.04-7.06(m,1H),7.13(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.30(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.32(s,1H),7.34(s,1H),7.44-7.50(m,8H),7.54-7.56(m,2H),7.60-7.63(m,1H),7.85(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H),8.01(s,1H),8.13(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),8.25(d,J=0.5Hz,1H)。
中间体4的合成:向带有磁力搅转子和冷凝管的干燥三口烧瓶中依次加入化合物3(280mg,0.54mmol,1.0当量),三苯基膦(422mg,1.61mmol,3.0当量),然后抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入邻二氯苯(10mL)。该混合物在180℃油浴中搅拌反应24小时,薄层色谱监测至原料反应完毕,冷却至室温。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得粗品用硅胶层析柱分离提纯,洗脱剂:石油醚/二氯甲烷=10:1-5:1,得到中间体4,白色固体218mg,收率82%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.01-7.05(m,2H),7.15(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.23-7.25(m,1H),7.29(td,J=8.0,1.5Hz,2H),7.40-7.45(m,7H),7.48-7.51(m,2H),7.97(s,1H),8.04(t,J=8.5Hz,2H),8.09(s,1H),8.11(s,1H),8.13(s,1H),8.22(s,1H)。
配体1的合成:向带有磁力搅转子和冷凝管的干燥三口烧瓶中依次加入化合物4(201mg,0.41mmol,1.0当量),化合物5(126mg,0.45mmol,1.1当量),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(15mg,0.016mmol,4mol%),配体JohnPhos(10mg,0.032mmol,8mol%),叔丁醇钠(79mg,0.82mmol,2.0当量),然后抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入甲苯(20mL)。该混合物在100℃油浴中搅拌反应2天,薄层色谱监测至原料反应完毕,冷却至室温。过滤,并用乙酸乙酯淋洗,滤液用水洗涤两次,水层用乙酸乙酯萃取两次。合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得粗品用硅胶层析柱分离提纯,洗脱剂:石油醚/二氯甲烷=10:1-1:1,得到配体1,泡沫状固体234mg,收率78%。HRMS(ESI):C50H33N6O[M+H]+的计算值为733.2710,实测值为733.2715。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.10-7.03(m,1H),7.11(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.28(td,J=7.0,1.0Hz,2H),7.31-7.45(m,13H),7.49(t,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=5.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.89-7.90(m,2H),7.94(s,1H),8.09-8.10(m,2H),8.11-8.12(m,2H),8.14(s,1H),8.16(d,J=0.5Hz,1H),8.89(d,J=5.5Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ103.49,108.96,109.58,109.79,111.14,113.02,113.88,115.03,116.34,118.21,120.01,120.09,120.27,120.61,121.19,121.31,121.36,121.61,121.87,123.24,123.64,124.26,124.32,126.01,126.09,126.49,130.61,138.46,139.33,139.79,140.48,141.14,141.19,147.89,151.20,153.47,155.12,159.44。
Pt1的合成:向带有磁力搅转子和冷凝管的干燥三口烧瓶中依次加入配体1(50mg,0.068mmol,1.0当量),亚氯铂酸钾(31mg,0.075mmol,1.1当量),四丁基溴化铵(2mg,0.007mmol,10mol%),然后抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入醋酸(10mL),氮气鼓泡25分钟。该混合物在室温下搅拌8小时,再在110℃的油浴锅中搅拌反应2天,冷却至室温。然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得粗品用硅胶层析柱分离提纯,洗脱剂:石油醚/二氯甲烷=10:1-5:1,得到Pt1,黄色固体21mg,收率28%。HRMS(ESI):C50H33N6 195Pt[M+H]+的计算值为926.2202,实测值为926.2218。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.28-7.32(m,2H),7.34-7.39(m,6H),7.47-7.54(m,4H),7.65-7.69(m,3H),7.71(dd,J=6.5,2.5Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.94(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.16-8.19(m,2H),8.26-8.30(m,4H),8.40(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.87(s,1H),9.54(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),9.60(s,1H)。13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ106.16,109.53,109.87,111.78,113.62,114.24,114.94,115.77,115.98,116.72,120.14,120.54,120.69,120.80,121.07,121.79,122.24,123.36,123.51,124.23,124.26,124.61,124.88,126.46,126.73,129.21,135.54,138.28,138.92,141.22,142.28,146.06,147.34,150.20,152.76,153.24,153.67。
合成实施例2:四齿环金属钯(II)配合物磷光发光材料Pd1合成路线
Pd1的合成:向带有磁力搅转子和冷凝管的干燥三口烧瓶中依次加入配体1(73mg,0.10mmol,1.0当量),醋酸钯(25mg,0.11mmol,1.1当量),四丁基溴化铵(3mg,0.01mmol,10mol%),然后抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入醋酸(10mL),氮气鼓泡25分钟。该混合物在室温下搅拌8小时,再在110℃的油浴锅中搅拌反应2天,冷却至室温。然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得粗品用硅胶层析柱分离提纯,洗脱剂:石油醚/二氯甲烷=10:1-5:1,得到Pd1,白色固体46mg,收率55%。HRMS(ESI):C50H31N6O106Pd[M+H]+的计算值为837.1589,实测值为837.1599。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.12(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.29-7.36(m,8H),7.46-7.53(m,4H),7.64-7.67(m,3H),7.74(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),8.25-8.31(m,5H),8.84(s,1H),9.35(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),9.58(s,1H)。13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ106.16,109.52,109.81,110.17,111.43,113.44,114.08,114.59,115.38,116.89,117.50,119.99,120.50,120.57,120.62,121.03,121.66,122.70,123.13,123.34,123.43,124.30,124.48,125.96,126.38,126.63,129.05,135.50,138.25,138.95,141.20,143.36,146.46,147.94,151.03,151.74,152.41,153.25。
光物理测试和理论计算说明:
吸收光谱在Agilent 8453紫外-可见光光谱仪上测量,使用Horiba Jobin YvonFluoroLog-3光谱仪上进行稳态发射实验和寿命测量。低温(77K)发射光谱和寿命在用液氮冷却的2-甲基四氢呋喃溶液中测量。Pd(II)配合物使用Gaussian 09软件包进行理论计算,利用密度泛函理论(DFT)优化了基态(S0)分子的几何结构,使用B3LYP泛函进行DFT计算,其中C、H、O和N原子使用6-31G(d)基组,Pd原子使用LANL2DZ基组。光稳定性测试条件为5%的发光材料:聚苯乙烯薄膜在375nm紫外光激发下(光强:500W/m2)的发光强度衰减。
理论数据及实验数据分析:
表1:基于B3LYP方法优化S0和T1分子构型的Pt(II)和Pd(II)配合物的二面角(°)及其能级
表2:四齿环金属Pt(II)和Pd(II)配合物及对照物的最低激发单线态和三线态的能级差ΔEST
表3:四齿环金属Pt(II)和Pd(II)配合物发光材料光物理性质数据列表
注:λ为发射波长;τobs为材料激发态寿命;ΦPL为磷光量子效率;kr为辐射速率;其中kr=ΦPL/τobs。
通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算得到的Pt1和Pd1的优化分子结构(图1)后的Pt1和Pd1在其基态(S0)和激发态(T1)下的各芳环之间的二面角变化不大(表1),说明此类分子受激发后分子的几何结构改变较小,利于减小非辐射跃迁。同时又表二可知,与未带给体单元的对照物分子相比,具有给体-受体结构Pt1和Pd1具有明显减小的最低单线态激发态(S1)和最低单线态激发态(T1)之间的能级ΔEST,利于提高分子的系间窜越速率,进而提高辐射速率kr和缩短激发态寿命τobs;同时提高材料分子的磷光量子效率。
由表3中的光物理数据可知,在二氯甲烷溶液中,与对照物铂配合物(kr=16.3×104s-1)相比,基于给体-受体结构的Pt1辐射速率可提高至23.5×104s-1,为原来的1.44倍;在PMMA薄膜中,给体-受体结构的Pt1辐射速率可提高约4倍。对于钯配合物Pd1,相比未带给体的对照物Pd可分别提高至原来的8.5倍和10倍。
由图2中Pt1和Pd1与其配体的吸收光谱比较可以明显看到二者在250-450nm之间增强的金属到配体的电荷转移跃迁吸收(MLCT),说明二者具有高效的系间窜越。
由图3和图4中Pt1和Pd1的低温和室温发射光谱比较可以明显看到二者的延迟荧光发光(DF)成分。
由图5中Pt1的光稳定性测试可知,其在175分钟时,仍可保持约82%的起始亮度,说明其具有很高的光稳定性。测试条件:5%的发光材料:聚苯乙烯薄膜在375nm紫外光激发下(光强:500W/m2)的发光强度衰减。
以上实验数据和理论计算结果充分表明,本发明申请的给体-受体机构设计可以显著改进四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物发光材料的光物理性质,缩短激发态寿命短、提高辐射跃迁速率大和磷光量子效率高,使其在OLED领域有着巨大的应用前景。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于给体-受体结构的的四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物发光材料,其特征在于,所述四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物结构所表示的化合物:
其中,M表示为金属铂(II)或者钯(II)。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物发光材料的应用,所述应用为在发光器件中作为功能材料使用,所述发光器件包括有机发光二极管。
3.一种发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光器件包括第一电极、第二电极和位于所述第一电极和第二电极之间的至少一层的有机薄膜,所述有机薄膜中含有权利要求1所述的四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物发光材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的发光器件,其特征在于,所述四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物在有机发光器件中作为发光材料应用。
5.根据权利要求3或者4所述的发光器件,其特征在于,所述四齿环金属铂(II)或钯(II)配合物在有机发光器件中作为磷光发光材料或延迟荧光材料应用。
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