CN113197231A - Pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197231A CN113197231A CN202110496682.XA CN202110496682A CN113197231A CN 113197231 A CN113197231 A CN 113197231A CN 202110496682 A CN202110496682 A CN 202110496682A CN 113197231 A CN113197231 A CN 113197231A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the field of agricultural technology application, and can solve the technical problems of high research and development cost, single active ingredient, unsatisfactory prevention and treatment effect and the like in the prior art. The pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of citronella essential oil, 3-5 parts of areca leaf essential oil, 2-5 parts of cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, 1-2 parts of surfactant and 80-90 parts of water. The invention has the characteristics of natural components, low cost, multiple active components, good prevention and treatment effect and the like. The invention can be applied to the application aspect of botanical pesticides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology application, and particularly relates to a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The botanical pesticide is a preparation prepared by processing parts of plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and the like or separated active ingredients. The plant source active ingredients are inherent in plants, and the bioactive ingredients of different species have different action mechanisms, for example, some of the plant source active ingredients can improve the disease resistance of the plants to achieve the purpose of preventing diseases. Compared with chemical pesticides, the botanical pesticide has good environmental compatibility, can be decomposed in nature, has no pollution, is safe to non-boot-mark organisms such as people, animals, beneficial insects and the like, has high safety and selectivity, is difficult to generate drug resistance by pests and diseases after being used due to the particularity of an action mechanism, and is a development direction of pesticides without being used.
At present, two main ways of developing plant-derived pesticides exist, namely, screening active ingredients of pesticides in plants, carrying out structural identification on active substances, searching lead compounds of chemically synthesized pesticides, carrying out structural transformation on the lead compounds, searching for structure-activity relationship, carrying out semi-synthesis or total synthesis after obtaining better compounds, and developing into innovative medicaments; the other method is mainly to directly apply plant resources to develop plant source pesticides by screening pesticide active substances in plants, and the method is more in line with the national situation of 'rich plant resources and low capital' in China, but the two research and development approaches have the problems of high research and development cost, single active ingredient, unsatisfactory prevention and treatment effect and the like.
Therefore, how to develop a pesticide with natural components, low cost and good control effect is the key point for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of higher research and development cost, single active ingredient, unsatisfactory prevention and treatment effect and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil, which has the characteristics of natural ingredients, low cost, multiple active ingredients, good prevention and treatment effect and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil comprises the following components in parts by weight:
5-15 parts of citronella essential oil, 3-5 parts of areca leaf essential oil, 2-5 parts of cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, 1-2 parts of surfactant and 80-90 parts of water.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight:
5 parts of citronella essential oil, 3 parts of betel nut leaf essential oil, 2 parts of camphor seed essential oil, 1 part of surfactant and 90 parts of water.
Preferably, the surfactant includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of tween 80, poloxamer or span 80.
Preferably, the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil is in the form of any one of spray, wettable powder or dispersible oil.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil by using any one of the preferable technical schemes, which comprises the following steps:
weighing dried citronella, areca leaf and cinnamomum camphora seed, and crushing to obtain coarse citronella powder, coarse areca leaf powder and coarse cinnamomum camphora seed powder;
respectively taking citronella coarse powder, betel nut leaf coarse powder and cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder as raw materials, carrying out essential oil extraction treatment to obtain citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield;
according to the weight part ratio, the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil are uniformly mixed with the surfactant and water to prepare the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil.
Preferably, the essential oil extraction treatment is selected from steam distillation, solvent extraction, CO2Any of supercritical extraction method, subcritical water extraction method or microwave-assisted extraction methodMicrowave-assisted extraction is preferred.
Preferably, the method for extracting the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil by using the microwave-assisted extraction method comprises the following steps:
weighing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder, and respectively and uniformly mixing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder with water to obtain a citronella mixed solution, an betel nut leaf mixed solution and a cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution;
and (3) performing microwave-assisted extraction treatment on the citronella mixed solution, the betel nut leaf mixed solution and the cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution for 15-60min, collecting citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder to water is 1: (20-50), preferably 1: 20, the power of the microwave-assisted extraction treatment is 160-700W, preferably 550W.
The invention also provides an application of the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil by using any one of the preferable technical schemes, and the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil is used for preventing and treating plant diseases caused by Neurospora, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Geranium.
Preferably, the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil is used for preventing and treating pseudocercospora brown spot, rhizoctonia rot, gray mold, black spot, root rot, blight, rotten fruit disease, leaf spot, gray mold, black root disease, fruit rot, blight, gray mold and moldy core; the pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil is applied to guava, banana, tomato, safflower creeping oxalis, cowpea, ligustrum japonicum, hyacinth bean, lotus root and tripterygium wilfordii.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention provides a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, which can be widely applied to the prevention and treatment of plant diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria and has good prevention and treatment effects by organically combining citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil, camphor seed essential oil and other auxiliary agents;
2. the invention provides a preparation method of a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, which has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, and the extracted essential oil has better quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth inhibition of Psidium guajava by three essential oils and a pesticide prepared from natural plant essential oils according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a colony diagram of the growth inhibition of Psidium guajava by three essential oils and the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the growth inhibition of Psidium guajava by different concentrations of pesticides provided in the examples of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a result chart of bacteriostasis experiments of pesticides with different concentrations on three plant pathogenic bacteria provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
5-15 parts of citronella essential oil, 3-5 parts of areca leaf essential oil, 2-5 parts of cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, 1-2 parts of surfactant and 80-90 parts of water.
In the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present invention provides a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oils, and the active ingredients of the pesticide are citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and the reason why the embodiments of the present invention select the above essential oils as the active ingredients is that:
the lemongrass, also called lemon grass, belongs to perennial dense-cluster type fragrant herbs, is originally produced in south india and srilanka, and has common varieties: the citronella is from West India to east India, and the distribution of citronella is very extensive in China, and about 55 varieties exist. Meanwhile, the citronella oil contains geranial, neral and other active ingredients, so that the citronella oil has the effects of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, repelling mosquitoes, resisting oxidation, inhibiting bacteria, preventing corrosion and the like. Citronella oil from different producing areas has certain inhibiting effect on Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, typhoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, Candida albicans, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger and pseudocercospora;
areca catechu is a plant of Palmae, a perennial evergreen arbor, which is a wanggu of the five southern Chinese herbs. The betel palm leaves comprise a plurality of beneficial components, nutrients and bioactive components required by human bodies, wherein the bioactive components mainly comprise alkaloids, phenols, amino acids, mineral substances and the like. A great deal of research shows that the betel nut leaves have the effects of promoting blood circulation, killing insects, sterilizing and the like;
cinnamomum camphora, a very green arbor of the genus Cinnamomum of the family Lauraceae, the genus Cinnamomum is rich in essential oil, the root, stem and leaf of the Cinnamomum can be used for extracting essential oil, and the Cinnamomum camphora essential oil usually has various bioactive components, and has antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and insecticidal effects.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight:
5 parts of citronella essential oil, 3 parts of betel nut leaf essential oil, 2 parts of camphor seed essential oil, 1 part of surfactant and 90 parts of water.
In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of tween 80, poloxamer or span 80.
In a preferred embodiment, the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil is in the form of any one of spray, wettable powder or dispersible oil.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil by using any one of the preferred embodiments, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing dried citronella, areca leaf and cinnamomum camphora seed, and crushing to obtain coarse citronella powder, coarse areca leaf powder and coarse cinnamomum camphora seed powder;
s2, respectively taking citronella coarse powder, betel nut leaf coarse powder and cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder as raw materials, performing essential oil extraction treatment to obtain citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield;
s3, mixing the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil with a surfactant and water uniformly according to the weight part ratio to obtain the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil.
In a preferred embodiment, the essential oil extraction treatment is selected from steam distillation, solvent extraction, CO2Any one of supercritical extraction method, subcritical water extraction method or microwave-assisted extraction method, preferably microwave-assisted extraction method.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for extracting the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil by the microwave-assisted extraction method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder, and respectively and uniformly mixing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder with water to obtain a citronella mixed solution, an betel nut leaf mixed solution and a cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution;
(2) and (3) performing microwave-assisted extraction treatment on the citronella mixed solution, the betel nut leaf mixed solution and the cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution for 15-60min, collecting citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield.
In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder to water is 1: (20-50), preferably 1: 20, the power of the microwave-assisted extraction treatment is 160-700W, preferably 550W.
The invention also provides application of the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil in any one of the preferred embodiments, wherein the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil is used for preventing and treating plant diseases caused by neurospora, penicillium, aspergillus, cladosporium, fusarium and cuprum.
In a preferred embodiment, the pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil is used for preventing and treating pseudocercospora brown spot, rhizoctonia rot, gray mold, black spot, root rot, fusarium wilt, rotten fruit disease, leaf spot, gray mold, black root disease, fruit rot, fusarium wilt, gray mold and moldy core disease.
In a preferred embodiment, the pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil is applied to guava, banana, tomato, safflower creeping oxalis, cowpea, ligustrum japonicum, hyacinth bean, lotus root and tripterygium wilfordii.
In order to more clearly and specifically describe the pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, the following description is provided with reference to the specific embodiment.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
the formula is as follows: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight:
5 parts of citronella essential oil, 3 parts of betel nut leaf essential oil, 2 parts of camphor seed essential oil, 1 part of tween 80 and 90 parts of water;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing dried citronella, areca leaf and cinnamomum camphora seed, and crushing to obtain coarse citronella powder, coarse areca leaf powder and coarse cinnamomum camphora seed powder;
(2) weighing citronella coarse powder, betel nut leaf coarse powder and cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder, and respectively mixing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder with water uniformly to prepare citronella mixed liquid, betel nut leaf mixed liquid and cinnamomum camphora seed mixed liquid, wherein the weight ratio of the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder to the water is 1: 20;
(3) performing microwave-assisted extraction treatment on the citronella mixed solution, the betel nut leaf mixed solution and the cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution for 15min, wherein the power of the microwave-assisted extraction treatment is 550W, collecting citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield;
(4) according to the weight part ratio, the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil are uniformly mixed with the tween 80 and the water to prepare the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
the formula is as follows: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of citronella essential oil, 5 parts of betel nut leaf essential oil, 5 parts of camphor seed essential oil, 1 part of tween 80 and 80 parts of water;
(1) weighing dried citronella, areca leaf and cinnamomum camphora seed, and crushing to obtain coarse citronella powder, coarse areca leaf powder and coarse cinnamomum camphora seed powder;
(2) weighing citronella coarse powder, betel nut leaf coarse powder and cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder, and respectively mixing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder with water uniformly to prepare citronella mixed liquid, betel nut leaf mixed liquid and cinnamomum camphora seed mixed liquid, wherein the weight ratio of the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder to the water is 1: 50;
(3) performing microwave-assisted extraction treatment on the citronella mixed solution, the betel nut leaf mixed solution and the cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution for 60min, wherein the power of the microwave-assisted extraction treatment is 700W, collecting citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield;
(4) according to the weight part ratio, the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil are uniformly mixed with the tween 80 and the water to prepare the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
the formula is as follows: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of citronella essential oil, 4 parts of betel nut leaf essential oil, 3 parts of camphor seed essential oil, 1 part of tween 80 and 85 parts of water;
(1) weighing dried citronella, areca leaf and cinnamomum camphora seed, and crushing to obtain coarse citronella powder, coarse areca leaf powder and coarse cinnamomum camphora seed powder;
(2) weighing citronella coarse powder, betel nut leaf coarse powder and cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder, and respectively mixing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder with water uniformly to prepare citronella mixed liquid, betel nut leaf mixed liquid and cinnamomum camphora seed mixed liquid, wherein the weight ratio of the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder to the water is 1: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas;
(3) performing microwave-assisted extraction treatment on the citronella mixed solution, the betel nut leaf mixed solution and the cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution for 30min, wherein the power of the microwave-assisted extraction treatment is 160W, collecting citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield;
(4) according to the weight part ratio, the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil are uniformly mixed with the tween 80 and the water to prepare the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil.
Pathogenic bacteria growth inhibition experiment and optimum use concentration screening experiment
The invention also performs pathogenic bacteria growth inhibition experiments and optimal use concentration screening experiments on the pesticide prepared in the embodiment, and the specific method and the result are as follows:
(1) pathogen growth inhibition experiment 1:
in the bacteriostatic experiment, pseudocercospora guajava is taken as a pathogenic bacterium, three kinds of single essential oil, namely citronella essential oil, areca leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil in the example 1 are respectively used for the bacteriostatic experiment, and the specific experimental method and the experimental result are as follows:
1.1 Experimental conditions:
the diameter of the pathogenic bacteria-guava pseudocercospora fungus cake is 6mm, the use concentration of the three plant essential oil and the pesticide is 25 mul/ml, the fungus cake is placed on a PDA solid culture medium by an operation method, the culture temperature is 25 ℃, and the culture time is 96 h.
1.2 Experimental results:
the results of the experiment for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria are shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from the figure that when the culture time is 0-24h, the growth inhibition effect of the three single essential oils and the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil on the pathogenic bacteria is basically consistent, the colony diameter is 6.0mm, but the growth inhibition effect of the four substances on the pathogenic bacteria is greatly different along with the continuous extension of the culture time, and the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil in the embodiment 1 of the invention has the best growth inhibition effect on the pathogenic bacteria, when the culture time reaches 96h, the growth inhibition effect of the citronella essential oil, the betel palm leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil on the pathogenic bacteria is not significant, the colony diameters are respectively about 8.25mm, 6.75mm and 7.4mm, and the colony diameter of the embodiment 1 is still 6.0mm, therefore, compared with the single essential oil, the culture time is from the beginning to 96h, the pesticide in the embodiment 1 of the invention keeps better bacteriostatic effect on pathogenic bacteria;
the influence of the three essential oils and plant pesticides on the colony growth of pathogenic bacteria is shown in FIG. 2, wherein FIG. 2-A is a blank comparison chart, no drug or essential oil is added into the culture medium, and the pathogenic bacteria grow normally after being inoculated and cultured for 96 h; 2-B, 2-C and 2-D are respectively a culture medium containing 25. mu.l/ml camphor essential oil, a culture medium containing 25. mu.l/ml betel nut leaf essential oil and a culture medium containing 25. mu.l/ml citronella leaf essential oil, and after the inoculated pathogenic bacteria are cultured for 96 hours, the three kinds of single plant essential oil can be seen to show growth inhibition effects of different degrees on the pathogenic bacteria, but the growth inhibition effects are not very obvious; FIG. 2-E shows that the culture medium containing the pesticide (25 μ l/ml) prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil of the present application shows a significant growth inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria after being inoculated with the pathogenic bacteria and cultured for 96 h.
(2) Concentration screening experiments were best used:
on the basis of the above experiments, the embodiment of the present invention further screens the optimal use concentration of the pesticide, which is as follows:
2.1 Experimental methods:
the experimental conditions are as follows: the diameter of the Psidium guajava pseudocercospora fungus cake is 6mm, the using concentration of the pesticide is 25 mul/ml, 50 mul/ml, 75 mul/ml and 100 mul/ml, the fungus cake is placed on a PDA solid culture medium by an operation method, the culture temperature is 25 ℃, and the culture time is 96 hours;
2.2 Experimental results:
as shown in FIG. 3, the results of the concentration screening experiment show that, when the cultivation time is 0-24h, the growth inhibition of the pesticides with different concentrations on the pathogenic bacteria is substantially consistent, the diameters of the bacterial colonies are all 6.0mm, but with the continuous extension of the cultivation time, the growth inhibition of the pesticides with the four concentrations on the pathogenic bacteria is greatly different, the growth inhibition effect on the pathogenic bacteria is optimal when the concentration of the pesticides is 100 mul/ml, when the cultivation time reaches 96h, the growth inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria by the other three concentrations of the pesticides is not significant, the diameters of the bacterial colonies are respectively 7.75mm, 7.0mm and 6.5mm, and the diameter of the bacterial colony is still 6.0mm when the concentration of the drug is 100 mul/ml, therefore, compared with the concentrations of other drugs, the growth inhibition effect on the pathogenic bacteria is optimal when the concentration of the drug is 100 mul/ml from the beginning of the cultivation to 96h, therefore, the optimal concentration of the drug to be used is 100. mu.l/ml.
(3) Pathogen growth inhibition experiment 2:
in the bacteriostatic experiment, three plant pathogenic bacteria of Erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora burgey Erwinia, Ralstonia solanacearum solanaceae Ralstonia and S.acidiscabies scab are taken as pathogenic bacteria, three single essential oils of citronella essential oil, areca leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil and the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil in the example 1 are respectively used for the bacteriostatic experiment, and the specific experimental method and the experimental result are as follows:
3.1 Experimental methods:
taking strain preserved on slant, activating and culturing bacteria at 37 deg.C for 24h, selecting a small amount of bacterial colony from activated slant culture medium with inoculating loop, inoculating into corresponding liquid culture medium, placing into constant temperature shaking incubator, culturing to logarithmic phase, and adjusting bacterial liquid concentration to 10 by plate counting method5-106cfu/ml for standby;
selecting qualitative filter paper with uniform texture and strong water absorption, punching circular paper sheet with diameter of 8mm from the filter paper sheet by using a punching machine (autoclaving), packaging in a dry clean culture dish, autoclaving at 121 deg.C for 20min, and placing in a super clean bench for use;
under aseptic condition, pouring 20-25ml of sterilized culture medium into a culture dish while it is hot, and waiting for cultureAfter the culture medium is cooled and solidified, 100 mul of three plant pathogenic bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora borgey Erwinia, Ralstonia solanacearum) are removed, and the concentration is 105-106Uniformly coating cfu/ml bacterial suspension into a corresponding plate culture medium, clamping sterilized 8mm sterile circular filter paper sheets soaked in plant essential oil and drained by using sterile tweezers after the culture medium is solidified, pasting the filter paper sheets on a solid plate, moving a culture dish into a constant-temperature incubator, culturing bacteria (37 ℃ and 24 hours), observing whether a bacteriostatic circle appears on the plate, and measuring the diameter of the bacteriostatic circle respectively.
3.2 Experimental results:
the test result of the bacteriostasis experiment is shown in fig. 4, and it can be known from the figure that the growth inhibition effect of the three single essential oils on erwinia, ralstonia solanacearum and scab bacteria is not obvious, but the inhibition zones of the pesticide prepared by the embodiment of the invention on the three pathogenic bacteria are obvious, so that the pesticide provided by the invention has excellent growth inhibition effect on three plant pathogenic bacteria.
From the above contents, compared with single essential oil, the pure natural plant essential oil pesticide prepared by the method has a remarkable growth inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria, and the pesticide has the advantages of natural components, low cost, multiple active components and good control effect. Therefore, the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil provided by the application can be applied to the application of plant-derived pesticides.
Claims (10)
1. A pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
5-15 parts of citronella essential oil, 3-5 parts of areca leaf essential oil, 2-5 parts of cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, 1-2 parts of surfactant and 80-90 parts of water.
2. The pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
5 parts of citronella essential oil, 3 parts of betel nut leaf essential oil, 2 parts of camphor seed essential oil, 1 part of surfactant and 90 parts of water.
3. The pesticide of claim 2, wherein the surfactant comprises but is not limited to any one or more of tween 80, poloxamer or span 80.
4. The agricultural chemical made of pure natural plant essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the formulation of the agricultural chemical made of pure natural plant essential oil is any one of spray, wettable powder or dispersible oil.
5. A process for the preparation of a pesticide according to claims 1 to 4, prepared from pure natural plant essential oils, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
weighing dried citronella, areca leaf and cinnamomum camphora seed, and crushing to obtain coarse citronella powder, coarse areca leaf powder and coarse cinnamomum camphora seed powder;
respectively taking citronella coarse powder, betel nut leaf coarse powder and cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder as raw materials, carrying out essential oil extraction treatment to obtain citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield;
according to the weight part ratio, the citronella essential oil, the betel nut leaf essential oil and the cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil are uniformly mixed with the surfactant and water to prepare the pesticide prepared from the pure natural plant essential oil.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the essential oil extraction process is selected from steam distillation, solvent extraction, CO2Any one of supercritical extraction method, subcritical water extraction method or microwave-assisted extraction method, preferably microwave-assisted extraction method.
7. The method for preparing pesticide of claim 6, wherein the microwave-assisted extraction method for extracting essential oil of citronella, betel palm leaf and cinnamomum camphora comprises the following steps:
weighing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder, and respectively and uniformly mixing the citronella coarse powder, the betel nut leaf coarse powder and the cinnamomum camphora seed coarse powder with water to obtain a citronella mixed solution, an betel nut leaf mixed solution and a cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution;
and (3) performing microwave-assisted extraction treatment on the citronella mixed solution, the betel nut leaf mixed solution and the cinnamomum camphora seed mixed solution for 15-60min, collecting citronella essential oil, betel nut leaf essential oil and cinnamomum camphora seed essential oil, and calculating the oil yield.
8. The method for preparing a pesticide according to claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the citronella meal, the betel nut leaf meal and the cinnamomum camphora seed meal to water is 1: (20-50), preferably 1: 20, the power of the microwave-assisted extraction treatment is 160-700W, preferably 550W.
9. Use of a pesticide made of pure natural plant essential oils as claimed in claims 1 to 4 for controlling plant diseases caused by Neurospora, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Geranium.
10. The use of the pesticide made of pure natural plant essential oil according to claim 9, wherein the pesticide made of pure natural plant essential oil is used for preventing and treating pseudocercospora brown spot, rhizoctonia rot, gray mold, black spot, root rot, blight, leaf spot, gray mold, black root disease, fruit rot, fusarium wilt, gray mold and moldy core disease; the pesticide prepared from pure natural plant essential oil is applied to guava, banana, tomato, safflower creeping oxalis, cowpea, ligustrum japonicum, hyacinth bean, lotus root and tripterygium wilfordii.
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