CN113187621A - Transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system and method based on LNG cooling - Google Patents
Transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system and method based on LNG cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN113187621A CN113187621A CN202110585715.8A CN202110585715A CN113187621A CN 113187621 A CN113187621 A CN 113187621A CN 202110585715 A CN202110585715 A CN 202110585715A CN 113187621 A CN113187621 A CN 113187621A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
- F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2260/00—Recuperating heat from exhaust gases of combustion engines and heat from cooling circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system and method based on LNG cooling, wherein the system comprises a low-pressure pump, a low-temperature heat exchanger, a low-pressure turbine, a condenser, a high-pressure pump, a heat regenerator, a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger, a high-pressure turbine and an internal combustion engine; the invention adopts transcritical CO2 circulation to improve the power generation efficiency of the system, simplify the structure of the system, improve the compactness of the system and reduce the power generation cost; LNG is used as a transcritical CO2 circulating coolant, the temperature of a circulating cold end can be greatly reduced, further, the transcritical CO2 circulation can completely recover the waste heat of exhaust smoke of the internal combustion engine and the low-temperature waste heat of cooling water of the cylinder liner, a large amount of cold carried by the LNG is recovered, and the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved. The invention realizes the graded utilization of energy according to quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat power generation, in particular to a trans-critical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system and method based on LNG cooling.
Background
At present, the energy utilization efficiency of the internal combustion engine is only 30% -45%, most energy is not effectively utilized, and the energy is discharged into the environment along with high-temperature smoke discharge and cooling water, so that a large amount of energy loss is caused. Therefore, the effective recovery of the waste heat of the internal combustion engine has important significance for improving the comprehensive utilization level of energy in China and reducing the emission of pollutants.
CO2 has good thermal stability, no toxicity, no flammability, no explosion, abundant reserves and low critical parameters (critical temperature of 31.1 ℃ and critical pressure of 7.38MPa), and is an excellent working medium. The transcritical CO2 circulating heat absorption process adopting the CO2 working medium does not generate phase change, has better matching property with the smoke exhaust and heat release process of the internal combustion engine, can effectively recover the waste heat of the smoke exhaust, and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the temperature of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) transported by an LNG ship propelled by an internal combustion engine (diesel engine) is about-161 ℃, a large amount of high-quality cold energy is carried, the LNG cold energy is an excellent cooling medium, and the LNG cold energy can be used as a cold source of trans-critical CO2 circulation to recover the LNG cold energy and further improve the energy utilization efficiency. However, the efficiency of the conventional transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system is relatively low, and needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system and method based on LNG cooling, which can effectively recover the exhaust smoke waste heat of the internal combustion engine and LNG cold energy and greatly improve the energy utilization efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system based on LNG cooling comprises a low-pressure pump 1, a low-temperature heat exchanger 2, a low-pressure turbine 3, a condenser 4, a high-pressure pump 5, a heat regenerator 6, a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7, a high-pressure turbine 8 and an internal combustion engine 9;
the outlet of the low-pressure pump 1 is divided into two paths, one path is sequentially communicated with the side of a low-temperature heat exchanger 2CO2, the side of a low-pressure turbine 3 and the side of a condenser 4CO2, the other path is sequentially communicated with the side of a high-pressure pump 5, the cold side of a heat regenerator 6, the side of a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7CO2, a high-pressure turbine 8, the hot side of the heat regenerator 6 and the inlet of the low-pressure turbine 3, a smoke outlet of an internal combustion engine 9 is communicated with the inlet of the flue gas side of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7, a cylinder sleeve cooling water outlet of the internal combustion engine 9 is communicated with the inlet of the water side of the low-temperature heat exchanger 2, and a water side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the cylinder sleeve cooling water inlet of the internal combustion engine 9; the cold side of the condenser 4 uses LNG as a coolant for condensing the CO2 working fluid.
The high-pressure turbine 8 and the low-pressure turbine 3 form a two-stage expansion work system.
The low-pressure pump 1 and the high-pressure pump 5 form a working medium two-stage compression system.
The high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 form a waste heat recovery system of the internal combustion engine 9, the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 is used for recovering waste heat of exhaust smoke of the internal combustion engine 9, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 is used for recovering waste heat of cooling water of a cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion engine 9.
The temperature of the flue gas at the flue gas side outlet of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 is 100-150 ℃, so that the acidic corrosion of the heat exchanger caused by too low flue gas temperature is avoided.
The condenser 4 uses LNG as a coolant for condensing the working medium.
A transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system based on LNG cooling operates, CO2 working medium is firstly boosted by a low-pressure pump 1 to become low-pressure working medium and then divided into two streams, one stream enters a low-temperature heat exchanger 2 to recover waste heat carried by cooling water of a cylinder sleeve of an internal combustion engine 9, the other stream of working medium is boosted again by a high-pressure pump 5 to become high-pressure working medium, the high-pressure working medium is absorbed by a heat regenerator 6 and enters a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 to recover waste heat of exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 9, the working medium is heated and then enters a high-pressure turbine 8 to expand and do work, the exhaust temperature is higher, the working medium enters a low-temperature working medium at a heat regeneration cold side of the heat regenerator 6 and then is mixed with the working medium at an outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 2, the mixed working medium enters a low-pressure turbine 3 to expand and do work, the exhaust gas enters a condenser 4 to be condensed into a liquid state and then enters the low-pressure pump 1 to boost again, and complete closed cycle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts transcritical CO2 power cycle, and has the advantages of high efficiency, less equipment, compact structure, low cost and the like.
2. According to the invention, LNG is used as a system cold source, so that the temperature of a cold end of circulation can be greatly reduced, further, trans-critical CO2 circulation can be used for completely recovering the waste heat of exhaust smoke of the internal combustion engine and the low-temperature waste heat of cylinder jacket cooling water, and the energy loss of the internal combustion engine is greatly reduced; meanwhile, a large amount of cold energy carried by the LNG can be effectively recovered, so that the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved. The invention realizes the graded utilization of energy according to quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a trans-critical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system based on LNG cooling.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system based on LNG cooling comprises a low-pressure pump 1, a low-temperature heat exchanger 2, a low-pressure turbine 3, a condenser 4, a high-pressure pump 5, a heat regenerator 6, a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7, a high-pressure turbine 8 and an internal combustion engine 9; the outlet of the low-pressure pump 1 is divided into two paths, one path is sequentially communicated with the side of a low-temperature heat exchanger 2CO2, the side of a low-pressure turbine 3 and the side of a condenser 4CO2, the other path is sequentially communicated with the side of a high-pressure pump 5, the cold side of a heat regenerator 6, the side of a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7CO2, a high-pressure turbine 8, the hot side of the heat regenerator 6 and the inlet of the low-pressure turbine 3, a smoke outlet of an internal combustion engine 9 is communicated with the inlet of the flue gas side of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7, a cylinder sleeve cooling water outlet of the internal combustion engine 9 is communicated with the inlet of the water side of the low-temperature heat exchanger 2, and a water side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the cylinder sleeve cooling water inlet of the internal combustion engine 9; the cold side of the condenser 4 uses LNG as a coolant for condensing the CO2 working fluid.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high-pressure turbine 8 and the low-pressure turbine 3 form a two-stage expansion work system, which can achieve the consistency between the outlet pressure of the high-pressure turbine 8 and the outlet pressure of the low-temperature heat exchanger 2CO2 side, thereby reducing the pressure fluctuation when two streams of CO2 working mediums are mixed, ensuring the safe operation of the low-pressure turbine 3 and reducing the energy loss caused when CO2 working mediums with different pressures are mixed.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the low-pressure pump 1 and the high-pressure pump 5 form a two-stage working medium compression system, and the system improves the matching between the heat absorption characteristic curve of CO2 in the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 and the heat release characteristic curve of cylinder jacket cooling water and the matching between the heat absorption characteristic curve of CO2 in the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 and the heat release characteristic curve of flue gas by adjusting the pressure of the CO2 working medium entering the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 and the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7, thereby reducing the irreversible heat exchange loss in the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 and the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 and improving the energy utilization efficiency.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 form a waste heat recovery system of the internal combustion engine 9, the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 is used for recovering waste heat of exhaust smoke of the internal combustion engine 9, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 2 is used for recovering waste heat of cooling water of a cylinder jacket of the internal combustion engine 9, so that energy loss of the internal combustion engine can be greatly reduced, and energy utilization efficiency can be improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the flue gas at the flue gas side outlet of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 is 100-150 ℃, so that the acidic corrosion of the heat exchanger caused by too low flue gas temperature is avoided.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the condenser 4 uses LNG as a coolant for condensing the working medium, so that a large amount of cold carried by LNG can be effectively recovered; meanwhile, the working medium is cooled to a lower temperature by the LNG, and low-temperature waste heat carried by cylinder jacket cooling water can be recovered, so that the energy utilization efficiency is further improved.
As shown in fig. 1, an operating method of a transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system based on LNG cooling includes that a CO2 working medium is firstly boosted by a low-pressure pump 1 to become a low-pressure working medium, then divided into two streams, one stream enters a low-temperature heat exchanger 2 to recover waste heat carried by cooling water of a cylinder sleeve of an internal combustion engine 9, the other stream of working medium is boosted again by a high-pressure pump 5 to become a high-pressure working medium, the high-pressure working medium is absorbed by a heat regenerator 6 and enters a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 7 to recover exhaust waste heat of the internal combustion engine 9, the working medium is heated and enters a high-pressure turbine 8 to expand and do work, the exhaust temperature is higher, the working medium enters the heat regenerator 6 to regenerate a cold-side low-temperature working medium and then is mixed with the working medium at an outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 2, the mixed working medium enters a low-pressure turbine 3 to expand and do work, the exhaust enters a condenser 4 to be condensed into a liquid state, and then enters the low-pressure pump 1 to boost again, and complete closed cycle.
Claims (6)
1. A transcritical CO2 circulation internal-combustion engine waste heat power generation system based on LNG cooling, characterized by: the system comprises a low-pressure pump (1), a low-temperature heat exchanger (2), a low-pressure turbine (3), a condenser (4), a high-pressure pump (5), a heat regenerator (6), a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (7), a high-pressure turbine (8) and an internal combustion engine (9); the outlet of the low-pressure pump (1) is divided into two paths, one path is sequentially communicated with the CO2 side of the low-temperature heat exchanger (2), the CO2 side of the low-pressure turbine (3) and the CO2 side of the condenser (4), the other path is sequentially communicated with the high-pressure pump (5), the cold side of the heat regenerator (6), the CO2 side of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (7), the high-pressure turbine (8), the hot side of the heat regenerator (6) and the inlet of the low-pressure turbine (3), the smoke outlet of the internal combustion engine (9) is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (7), the cylinder jacket cooling water outlet of the internal combustion engine (9) is communicated with the water inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (2), and the water outlet of the cylinder jacket of the low-temperature heat exchanger (2) is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the internal combustion engine (9); the cold side of the condenser (4) uses LNG as a coolant for condensing the CO2 working medium.
2. The LNG cooling-based transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the high pressure turbine (8) and the low pressure turbine (3) constitute a two-stage expansion work system.
3. The LNG cooling-based transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-pressure pump (1) and the high-pressure pump (5) form a working medium two-stage compression system.
4. The LNG cooling-based transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system is characterized in that the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (7) and the low-temperature heat exchanger (2) form an internal combustion engine (9) waste heat recovery system, the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (7) is used for recovering waste heat of exhaust smoke of the internal combustion engine (9), and the low-temperature heat exchanger (2) is used for recovering waste heat of cylinder jacket cooling water of the internal combustion engine (9).
5. The LNG cooling-based transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the flue gas at the flue gas side outlet of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (7) is 100-150 ℃, and acid corrosion of the heat exchanger due to too low temperature of the flue gas is avoided.
6. The operation method of the transcritical CO2 cycle internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system based on LNG cooling as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, CO2 working medium is first boosted by a low pressure pump (1) to become a low pressure working medium, then divided into two streams, one stream enters a low temperature heat exchanger (2) to recover waste heat carried by cooling water of the cylinder jacket of the internal combustion engine (9), the other stream enters a high pressure heat exchanger (5) to become a high pressure working medium after being boosted again by a high pressure pump (5), the other stream enters a high temperature flue gas heat exchanger (7) to recover waste heat of exhaust smoke of the internal combustion engine (9) after being absorbed by a heat regenerator (6), the working medium enters a high pressure turbine (8) to expand and do work after being heated, the exhaust temperature is high, the working medium enters the heat regenerator (6) to regenerate the low temperature working medium at the cold side, then is mixed with the working medium at the outlet of the low temperature heat exchanger (2), the mixed working medium enters a low pressure turbine (3) to expand and do work, the exhaust gas enters a condenser (4) to be condensed into a liquid state, and the pressure is increased again in the low-pressure pump (1) to finish closed circulation.
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| CN202110585715.8A CN113187621A (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system and method based on LNG cooling |
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| CN202110585715.8A CN113187621A (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Transcritical CO2 circulating internal combustion engine waste heat power generation system and method based on LNG cooling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114412601A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-29 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | CO for waste heat power generation of LNG fuel power ship2Power cycle system and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114412601A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-29 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | CO for waste heat power generation of LNG fuel power ship2Power cycle system and method |
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