CN111441837B - Internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device and recovery method thereof - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device and recovery method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111441837B CN111441837B CN202010196956.9A CN202010196956A CN111441837B CN 111441837 B CN111441837 B CN 111441837B CN 202010196956 A CN202010196956 A CN 202010196956A CN 111441837 B CN111441837 B CN 111441837B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
- F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2260/00—Recuperating heat from exhaust gases of combustion engines and heat from cooling circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste heat recovery device and a recovery method of an internal combustion engine, wherein the waste heat recovery device comprises: the waste heat recovery device of the internal combustion engine comprises an internal combustion engine cylinder body, a flue gas heat exchanger, an expander, a pressurized air preheater, a high-temperature heat regenerator, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a cooling unit, a pressurizing unit and a working medium tank, wherein the waste heat recovery device of the internal combustion engine uses supercritical/subcritical CO2As a cycle fluid. The invention utilizes supercritical/subcritical CO2The waste heat recovery device has the advantages that various heat sources with different qualities in the internal combustion engine, such as flue gas, cylinder sleeve water and waste heat of pressurized air, are fully recovered, the structure is simple, the economical efficiency of the adopted circulating medium is good, and the waste heat recovery efficiency can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and particularly relates to a waste heat recovery device and a waste heat recovery method for an internal combustion engine.
Background
Internal combustion engines are widely used in modern industry and play an irreplaceable role. However, the actual efficiency of the internal combustion engine is usually only 40% -50%, and a large amount of energy is taken away by flue gas, cylinder jacket cooling water, pressurized air and the like, so that waste heat recovery is an effective means for improving the energy utilization rate of the internal combustion engine. Various waste heat sources of the internal combustion engine, such as flue gas, cylinder sleeve cooling water and pressurized air, have the characteristics of large temperature difference and multiple qualities, and are mainly represented as follows: the temperature of the waste heat source of the flue gas is usually as high as about 600 ℃, the temperature of cylinder jacket cooling water is generally about 85 ℃, and the temperature of pressurized air is generally about 150 ℃.
CN108489141A discloses a device and a method for recovering waste heat of circulating water of an intercooler of an internal combustion engine. The invention only aims at the waste heat recovery of the circulating water of the intercooler.
CN109891059A discloses a waste heat recovery system with a working fluid circuit guiding a working fluid, which is based on the basic task of having a device for avoiding damage to the expander caused by its liquid part. The invention mainly aims at recovering waste heat of the base working fluid.
CN104500265A discloses a supercharging waste heat recovery system of an internal combustion engine, which performs waste heat recovery for supercharging air.
Therefore, an efficient waste heat recovery system needs to be designed to simultaneously recover and utilize waste heat with various qualities. Meanwhile, the internal combustion engine in some mobile devices, such as heavy trucks, ships and the like, also puts requirements on miniaturization and integration of the waste heat recovery system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a small, compact and efficient waste heat recovery device and a recovery method using the same for the characteristics of waste heat of the internal combustion engine.
Due to supercritical CO2The working medium has the characteristics of good heat transfer performance and high energy density, and is considered to be a working medium with miniaturization potential. And CO2Inert gas, difficult combustion, stable chemical performance, low price and good economical efficiency. Considering the use of supercritical CO2The cooling medium is used as the cooling medium of the cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion engine to replace the traditional cylinder sleeve cooling water, so that the waste heat recovery efficiency is improved, and the purposes of saving energy and reducing consumption are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to utilize supercritical/subcritical CO2The waste heat of the flue gas, cylinder liner water and pressurized air of the internal combustion engine is fully recovered as a circulating working medium, and a waste heat recovery system is miniaturized, so that the invention provides a method for utilizing supercritical/subcritical CO2An internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device and a recovery method used as a circulating working medium.
An internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device comprising: the device comprises an internal combustion engine cylinder, a flue gas heat exchanger, an expander, a pressurized air preheater, a high-temperature heat regenerator, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a cooling unit, a pressurizing unit and a working medium tank, wherein the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device uses supercritical/subcritical CO2As a circulating working medium.
An inlet of the pressurizing unit is connected with an outlet of the working medium tank, an outlet of the pressurizing unit is connected with two pipelines, a first pipeline is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the pressurized air preheater, a second pipeline is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the pressurized air preheater is connected with the internal combustion engine cylinder after being converged with the cold fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator; the outlet of the internal combustion engine cylinder body is connected with the cold fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, the cold fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator is connected with the cold fluid side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger, the cold fluid side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the expansion machine, the outlet of the expansion machine is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, the hot fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, the hot fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is connected with the inlet of the cooling unit, and the outlet of the cooling unit is connected with the inlet connected with the working medium tank.
The pressurizing unit is used for lifting working medium CO introduced from the working medium tank2The pressure of the pressure regulator is used for pressurizing the working medium to a supercritical state, and then the pressurized working medium is respectively conveyed to the pressurized air preheater and the low-temperature heat regenerator.
The supercharged air preheater has the functions of an intercooler and a heater and is used for cooling high-temperature supercharged air passing through the supercharger of the engine and exchanging heat between the working medium and the supercharged air so as to increase the temperature of the working medium; and then the heated working medium is converged with the working medium output from the outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator and then is conveyed to the cylinder body of the internal combustion engine.
The low-temperature regenerator is provided with a cold fluid side and a hot fluid side, wherein the cold fluid in the cold fluid side is supercritical low-temperature working medium CO input from the pressurizing unit2(ii) a The hot fluid in the hot fluid side is primarily reheated supercritical CO input from the hot fluid side of the high-temperature regenerator2(ii) a The low-temperature heat regenerator is used for exchanging heat between the working medium introduced from the pressurizing unit and the working medium introduced from the heat fluid side of the high-temperature heat regenerator, and respectively converging and outputting the heated working medium and the working medium output from the outlet of the compressed air preheaterTo the internal combustion engine block; the working medium CO after secondary heat regeneration2To the cooling unit.
Working medium CO used for cylinder body of internal combustion engine2The cylinder liner water is replaced to circulate in the cylinder body to reduce the temperature of the cylinder body and increase the temperature of the working medium, and then the heated working medium is conveyed to the high-temperature heat regenerator.
The high-temperature regenerator is provided with a cold fluid side and a hot fluid side, wherein the cold fluid in the cold fluid side is working medium CO input from the internal combustion engine cylinder body2Then raising the temperature again; the hot fluid in the hot fluid side is high-temperature working medium CO input from the expansion machine2Carrying out primary heat regeneration; the high-temperature heat regenerator is used for exchanging heat between the working medium introduced from the internal combustion engine cylinder and the working medium introduced from the expander and respectively conveying the heated working medium to the flue gas heat exchanger; the working medium CO after primary heat regeneration2And delivering to the low-temperature regenerator.
The flue gas heat exchanger is used for enabling the working medium to exchange heat with flue gas on the side of a heat fluid body in the flue gas heat exchanger, and therefore the temperature of the working medium is increased.
The expansion machine is used for expanding a high-temperature supercritical working medium CO2, pushing an impeller of the expansion machine to rotate to do work, and conveying the working medium which does work to the high-temperature heat regenerator.
Further, when the working medium CO2 in the working medium tank is in a supercritical state, the booster unit is a compressor, and when the working medium CO2 in the working medium tank 1 is in a subcritical state, the booster unit is a pump.
Further, when the working medium CO2 in the working medium tank is in a supercritical state, the cooling unit is a cooler, and when the working medium CO2 in the working medium tank is in a subcritical state, the cooling unit is a condenser.
The internal combustion engine waste heat recovery method applying the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device comprises the following steps:
working medium CO in the working medium tank 12Introducing the gas into the pressurizing unit for pressurizing, and introducing low-temperature CO2Is pressurized to a supercritical state, and then the working medium is discharged from the outlet of the pressurizing unitThe working medium enters from a cold fluid side inlet of the supercharged air preheater, one path of the working medium is heated by supercharged air from an engine supercharger and recovers heat, the working medium flows out from a cold fluid side outlet of the supercharged air preheater when the temperature of the cold fluid reaches a preset first temperature, the other path of the working medium enters from a cold fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, the working medium is heated by hot fluid of the low-temperature heat regenerator and recovers heat, the working medium flows out from a cold fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator when the temperature of the cold fluid reaches the first temperature, and then the two paths of the working medium are converged and enter the internal combustion engine cylinder body to circulate and absorb heat of the cylinder body;
working medium CO2When the temperature reaches a second temperature, the working medium CO2The working medium is discharged from the outlet of the internal combustion engine cylinder and then enters the cold fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, the working medium is heated and recovers the waste heat in the high-temperature heater, and then the working medium is discharged from the cold fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator and then enters the cold fluid side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger, and the working medium is continuously heated and recovers the heat of the flue gas of the internal combustion engine;
working medium CO2When the temperature of the heat exchanger reaches a third temperature, the heat exchanger is discharged from a cold fluid side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger and then enters the expansion machine to be expanded to work;
working medium CO2CO from the expander2The working medium is cooled and discharged by the working medium at the cold fluid side of the high-temperature heat regenerator, namely the working medium discharged from the cylinder body of the internal combustion engine;
working medium CO2When the temperature of the refrigerant reaches a fourth temperature, the refrigerant is discharged from a hot fluid side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator and then enters a hot fluid side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator, and the refrigerant is further cooled by a refrigerant fluid side refrigerant of the low-temperature regenerator, namely, the refrigerant discharged from an outlet of the pressurizing unit 2 and then discharged;
working medium CO2The waste heat is discharged from a hot fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, enters the cooling unit for cooling and heat regeneration, and then flows into the working medium tank for heat absorption and secondary heat absorption of the internal combustion engineAnd (6) circulating.
Further, the preset first temperature range is 50-60 ℃.
Further, the preset second temperature range is 80-90 ℃.
Further, the preset third temperature is 300 ℃.
Further, the preset fourth temperature range is 110-.
Further, the working medium CO is pressurized by the pressurizing unit2The pressure is increased to more than 10 MPa.
Further, when the pressure value of the working medium passing through the expander is more than 7.38MPa, the working medium CO2Is in a supercritical state; otherwise, the working medium CO2Is in a subcritical state.
This completes a cycle.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes supercritical/subcritical CO2The Brayton cycle system fully recovers a plurality of heat sources with different qualities in the internal combustion engine, such as residual heat of flue gas, cylinder liner water and pressurized air;
2. using supercritical/subcritical CO2The circulating working medium is used for replacing cylinder jacket cooling water in the traditional cylinder body, and has the characteristics of good heat transfer performance and high energy density; and CO2Inert gas is adopted, so that the fuel is not easy to burn, stable in chemical performance, low in price and good in economy;
3. the invention has simple structure and good economical efficiency of the adopted circulating medium, and can effectively improve the waste heat recovery efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat recovery device of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
Wherein:
1: working medium tank
2: compressor/pump
3: pressurized air preheater
4: low-temperature heat regenerator
5: internal combustion engine cylinder block
6: high temperature regenerator
7: smoke heat exchanger
8: expansion machine
9: cooler/condenser
10: pressure booster
11: turbine wheel
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, which are only illustrative and not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device includes: the system comprises an internal combustion engine cylinder 5, a flue gas heat exchanger 7, an expander 8, a pressurized air preheater 3, a high-temperature heat regenerator 6, a low-temperature heat regenerator 4, a cooler 9, a compressor 2 and a working medium tank 1, wherein the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device uses supercritical CO2As a circulating working medium.
An inlet of the compressor 2 is connected with an outlet of the working medium tank 1, an outlet of the compressor 2 is connected with two pipelines, a first pipeline is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the pressurized air preheater 3, a second pipeline is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the pressurized air preheater 3 is connected with the internal combustion engine cylinder body 5 after being converged with the cold fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4; the outlet of the internal combustion engine cylinder 5 is connected with the cold fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, the cold fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 is connected with the cold fluid side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 7, the cold fluid side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 7 is connected with the inlet of the expander 8, the outlet of the expander 8 is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, the hot fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, the hot fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is connected with the inlet of the cooling unit 9, and the outlet of the cooler 9 is connected with the inlet connected with the working medium tank 1.
The compressor 2 is used for lifting the working medium tank 1Medium CO introduced2Compressing the working medium to a supercritical state.
The charge air preheater 3 has both the function of an intercooler and a heater, and is used for cooling the high-temperature charge air passing through the engine supercharger 10 and exchanging heat between the working medium and the charge air so as to increase the temperature of the working medium.
The low-temperature regenerator 4 has a cold fluid side and a hot fluid side, wherein the cold fluid in the cold fluid side is supercritical low-temperature working medium CO input from the compressor 22(ii) a The hot fluid in the hot fluid side is primarily reheated supercritical CO input from the hot fluid side of the high-temperature regenerator 62(ii) a The low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is used for exchanging heat between the working medium introduced from the compressor 2 and the working medium introduced from the heat fluid side of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6.
The internal combustion engine cylinder 5 uses working medium CO2The water in the cylinder liner is replaced to circulate in the cylinder body so as to reduce the temperature of the cylinder body and improve the temperature of the working medium.
The high-temperature regenerator 6 has a cold fluid side and a hot fluid side, wherein the cold fluid in the cold fluid side is working medium CO input from the internal combustion engine cylinder 52Then raising the temperature again; the hot fluid in the hot fluid side is high-temperature working medium CO input from the expansion machine 82Carrying out primary heat regeneration; the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 is used for exchanging heat between the working medium introduced from the internal combustion engine cylinder 5 and the working medium introduced from the expander 8.
The flue gas heat exchanger 7 is used for enabling a working medium to exchange heat with flue gas in the heat flow body side of the flue gas heat exchanger, and therefore the temperature of the working medium is increased.
The expansion machine is used for enabling high-temperature supercritical working medium CO2And expanding and pushing an impeller of the expander to rotate to do work, and conveying the working medium which does work to the high-temperature heat regenerator 6.
The internal combustion engine waste heat recovery method using the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device comprises the following steps:
the low-temperature supercritical working medium CO with the temperature of about 35-40 ℃ in the working medium tank 12The mixture is pumped into the compressor 2 to be pressurized to 10MPa and then exceedsThe critical working medium is discharged from the outlet of the compressor 2 and then divided into two paths, one path enters from the cold fluid side inlet of the pressurized air preheater 3, the working medium is heated to about 50-60 ℃ by the pressurized air from the engine supercharger 10 and completely recovers the heat of the pressurized air, the other path enters from the cold fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the heat fluid side of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is low-temperature CO after the high-temperature heat regenerator 62The exhaust gas is heated to about 50-60 ℃ by the working medium, and the temperature of the hot fluid of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is reduced to about 70 ℃; then the two paths of working media are converged and enter the cylinder body 5 of the internal combustion engine for circulation and absorption of the heat of the cylinder body, wherein the supercritical working medium CO is2The fluid acts as jacket cooling water.
CO discharged from the outlet of the internal combustion engine block 52The waste heat recovery device is heated to about 80-90 ℃, then enters a cold fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, a working medium is further heated to about 200 ℃ here and recovers the waste heat in the high-temperature heater, then the waste heat is discharged from a cold fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 and enters a cold fluid side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 7, a hot fluid side of the flue gas heat exchanger 7 is the flue gas of the internal combustion engine, and the working medium is continuously heated to above 300 ℃ here and recovers the heat of the flue gas of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the working medium is finally heated to a high-temperature and high-pressure state.
Working medium CO2And the exhaust gas is discharged from a cold fluid side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 7 and then enters the expansion machine 8 for expansion and work.
Working medium CO2CO from the expander 82After the outlet is discharged, the working medium pressure is 8MPa, and at the moment, the working medium is in a supercritical state, namely supercritical working medium CO2And the working medium enters a hot fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, and is cooled to about 110 ℃ by the working medium on the cold fluid side of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, namely the working medium discharged from the internal combustion engine cylinder body 5 and then discharged.
Working medium CO2The working medium is discharged from a hot fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 and then enters a hot fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the working medium is subjected to working medium on a cold fluid side of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, namely the working medium discharged from an outlet of the compressor 2Further cooled to about 70 ℃ and discharged.
Working medium CO2And the heat is discharged from a hot fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, enters the cooler 9 for cooling and heat regeneration to 35-40 ℃, and then flows into the working medium tank 1 for heat absorption and recycling of the internal combustion engine.
Example 2
An internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device comprising: the device comprises an internal combustion engine cylinder 5, a flue gas heat exchanger 7, an expander 8, a pressurized air preheater 3, a high-temperature heat regenerator 6, a low-temperature heat regenerator 4, a condenser 9, a pump 2 and a working medium tank 1, wherein the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device uses supercritical/subcritical CO2The liquid is used as a circulating working medium.
The structure and connection of the waste heat recovery device in this embodiment are similar to those in embodiment 1, except that the compressor 2 and the cooler 9 in embodiment 1 are replaced with the pump 2 and the condenser, respectively. The reason for such replacement is due to CO after the expander 82The pump 2 and condenser are selected because the pressure drops below the critical pressure, becomes subcritical fluid instead of the supercritical fluid in example 1, and is cooled to liquid state in the condenser.
The internal combustion engine waste heat recovery method using the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device comprises the following steps:
subcritical low-temperature liquid working medium CO with the temperature of about 25-30 ℃ in the working medium tank 12Pumping in the pump 2 to boost the pressure to 10MPa, so that the working medium is changed into a supercritical state, then the supercritical working medium is discharged from the outlet of the pump 2 and divided into two paths, one path enters from the cold fluid side inlet of the booster air preheater 3, the working medium is heated to about 50-60 ℃ by the booster air and completely recovers the heat of the booster air, the other path enters from the cold fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the heat fluid side of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is low-temperature CO after the high-temperature heat regenerator 62The exhaust gas is heated to about 50-60 ℃ by the working medium, and the temperature of the hot fluid of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is reduced to about 60 ℃; then the two paths of working media are converged and enter the cylinder body 5 of the internal combustion engine for circulation and absorption of the heat of the cylinder body, wherein the supercritical working medium CO is2The fluid plays the role of cylinder jacket cooling waterThe function of (1).
CO discharged from the outlet of the internal combustion engine block 52The waste heat recovery device is heated to about 80-90 ℃, and then enters a cold fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, a working medium is further heated to about 190 ℃ and recovers the waste heat in the high-temperature heater, and then the working medium is discharged from a cold fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 and enters a cold fluid side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 7, the hot fluid side of the flue gas heat exchanger 7 is the flue gas of the internal combustion engine, and the working medium is continuously heated to above 300 ℃ and recovers the heat of the flue gas of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the working medium is finally heated to a supercritical state at high temperature and high pressure.
Working medium CO2And the exhaust gas is discharged from a cold fluid side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 7 and then enters the expansion machine 8 for expansion and work.
Working medium CO2CO from the expander 82And after being discharged from the outlet, the pressure is reduced to 7.35MPa, the working medium is changed into a subcritical state and enters the hot fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, and the working medium is cooled to about 110 ℃ by the working medium on the cold fluid side of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6, namely the working medium discharged from the internal combustion engine cylinder body 5 and then discharged.
Working medium CO2And the working medium is discharged from a hot fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 and then enters a hot fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, and the working medium is further cooled to about 60 ℃ by a working medium on a cold fluid side of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4, namely the working medium discharged from an outlet of the pump 2 and then discharged.
Working medium CO2And the liquid working medium is discharged from a hot fluid side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 4, enters the condenser 9, is cooled to about 25-30 ℃, and then flows into the working medium tank 1 to absorb heat of the internal combustion engine and recycle the internal combustion engine.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device comprising: the device comprises a working medium tank (1), a pressurizing unit (2), a pressurized air preheater (3), a low-temperature heat regenerator (4), an internal combustion engine cylinder body (5), a high-temperature heat regenerator (6), a flue gas heat exchanger (7), an expander (8) and a cooling unit (9), and is characterized in that the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery device uses supercritical/subcritical CO2As a circulating working medium;
an inlet of the pressurizing unit (2) is connected with an outlet of the working medium tank (1), an outlet of the pressurizing unit (2) is connected with two pipelines, a first pipeline is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the pressurizing air preheater (3), a second pipeline is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4), and the pressurizing air preheater (3) is connected with the internal combustion engine cylinder body (5) after being converged with a cold fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4); the outlet of the internal combustion engine cylinder body (5) is connected with the cold fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6), the cold fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6) is connected with the cold fluid side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (7), the cold fluid side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (7) is connected with the inlet of the expander (8), the outlet of the expander (8) is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6), the hot fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6) is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4), the hot fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4) is connected with the inlet of the cooling unit (9), and the outlet of the cooling unit (9) is connected with the inlet connected with the working medium tank (1).
2. The waste heat recovery device of the internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein when working medium CO2 in the working medium tank (1) is in a supercritical state, the booster unit (2) is selected as a compressor, and when working medium CO2 in the working medium tank (1) is in a subcritical state, the booster unit (2) is selected as a pump.
3. The waste heat recovery device of the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that when working medium CO2 in the working medium tank (1) is in a supercritical state, the cooler is selected as the cooling unit (9), and when working medium CO2 in the working medium tank (1) is in a subcritical state, the condenser is selected as the cooling unit (9).
4. The method of recovering waste heat of an internal combustion engine using the device for recovering waste heat of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
working medium CO in the working medium tank (1)2Introducing the pressurizing unit (2) for pressurizing, and introducing low-temperature CO2After the pressure is pressurized to be in a supercritical state, the working medium is discharged from an outlet of the pressurizing unit (2) and then is divided into two paths, one path of the working medium enters from a cold fluid side inlet of the pressurized air preheater (3), the working medium is heated and recovers heat by the pressurized air from an engine supercharger (10), the working medium flows out from a cold fluid side outlet of the pressurized air preheater (3) when the temperature of the cold fluid reaches a preset first temperature, the other path of the working medium enters from a cold fluid side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator (4), the working medium is heated and recovers heat by the hot fluid of the low-temperature regenerator (4), the working medium flows out from a cold fluid side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator (4) when the temperature of the cold fluid reaches the first temperature, and then the two paths of working medium are converged and enter into the internal combustion engine cylinder (5) to be circulated and absorb heat of the cylinder;
working medium CO2When the temperature reaches a second temperature, the working medium CO2The waste heat is discharged from an outlet of the internal combustion engine cylinder (5) and then enters a cold fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6), a working medium is heated and recovers the waste heat in the high-temperature heater, the waste heat is discharged from a cold fluid side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6) and then enters a cold fluid side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (7), and the working medium is continuously heated and recovers the heat of the flue gas of the internal combustion engine;
working medium CO2When the temperature of the heat exchanger reaches a third temperature or above, the heat exchanger is discharged from a cold fluid side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (7) and then enters the expansion machine (8) to be expanded and work;
working medium CO2CO from the expander (8)2The outlet is discharged and then enters the hot fluid side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6), the working medium is driven by the working medium on the cold fluid side of the high-temperature heat regenerator (6),namely the working medium discharged from the internal combustion engine cylinder body (5) is discharged after being cooled;
working medium CO2When the temperature of the low-temperature regenerator reaches a fourth temperature, the working medium is discharged from a hot-fluid side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator (6) and then enters a hot-fluid side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator (4), and the working medium is further cooled by a working medium on a cold-fluid side of the low-temperature regenerator (4), namely the working medium discharged from an outlet of the pressurizing unit (2), and then is discharged;
working medium CO2And the waste heat is discharged from a hot fluid side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4), enters the cooling unit (9) for cooling and heat regeneration, and then flows into the working medium tank (1) for heat absorption and recycling of the internal combustion engine.
5. The method for recovering waste heat from an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined first temperature range is 50 to 60 ℃.
6. The method for recovering waste heat from an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined second temperature range is 80 to 90 ℃.
7. The method for recovering waste heat from an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined third temperature is 300 ℃.
8. The method for recovering the residual heat of the internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the predetermined fourth temperature range is 110-120 ℃.
9. The method for recovering the residual heat of the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the working medium CO is discharged from the pressurizing unit 22The pressure is increased to more than 10 MPa.
10. The method for recovering the waste heat of the internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein when the pressure value of the working medium after passing through the expander is more than 7.38MPa, the working medium CO is used2Is in a supercritical state; otherwise, the working medium CO2Is in a subcritical state.
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| EP2280158A2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-02 | IAV GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto und Verkehr | Method and device for improved exploitation of the thermal energy of combustion engines |
| CN102787944A (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-21 | J·埃贝斯佩歇合资公司 | Exhaust heat utilisation device |
| CN104279031A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-14 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Heat exchange device and drive unit for a motor vehicle |
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| EP2280158A2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-02 | IAV GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto und Verkehr | Method and device for improved exploitation of the thermal energy of combustion engines |
| CN102787944A (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-21 | J·埃贝斯佩歇合资公司 | Exhaust heat utilisation device |
| CN104279031A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-14 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Heat exchange device and drive unit for a motor vehicle |
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