CN113187505A - Rock burst resistance supporting and monitoring equipment based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristic - Google Patents
Rock burst resistance supporting and monitoring equipment based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN113187505A CN113187505A CN202110364819.6A CN202110364819A CN113187505A CN 113187505 A CN113187505 A CN 113187505A CN 202110364819 A CN202110364819 A CN 202110364819A CN 113187505 A CN113187505 A CN 113187505A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention discloses rock burst resistance supporting and monitoring equipment based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristics, which specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a lower supporting bottom plate in a tunnel with surrounding rocks with strain softening characteristics, arranging an outer supporting arch at the upper end of the lower supporting bottom plate, namely installing an outer supporting side plate on the lower supporting bottom plate, installing a supporting top plate on the outer supporting side plate, and installing a plurality of groups of strain sensors on the outer side of the supporting top plate. According to the supporting method and the monitoring supporting equipment based on the surrounding rock strain softening characteristic, the outer layer detection mechanism and the inner layer detection mechanism are matched for use, so that positions, which are easy to damage, on two sides of the supporting body can be supported and monitored in real time, the protection can be conveniently achieved in time, the first sensing optical fiber is arranged in the fixed anchor rod, the strain sensor is arranged on the outer side of the supporting top plate, so that the internal stress and the change of the surrounding rock can be monitored in real time, and the peripheral area of the supporting body can be continuously monitored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, coal mine supporting method and supporting state monitoring field, in particular to rock burst resistance supporting and monitoring equipment based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristics.
Background
In the underground engineering surrounding rock, the non-through fractured rock mass is common, due to the action of factors such as weathering and the like, the stability of the fractured rock mass underground engineering is poor, the failure mode is different from that of the common rock mass engineering, the fractured rock mass has the characteristics of complex mechanical characteristics, nonlinearity and the like, the construction of a rock mass nonlinear mechanical model capable of accurately describing the fracture development evolution is difficult, and the description of the post-peak strain softening behavior of the fractured rock mass is more difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
As the cracks and the structural surface act, the surrounding rock with shallow buried depth generally presents strain softening behavior, and the designer lacks deep knowledge on the behavior, safety accidents, the evaluation of the stability of the supporting structure, the damage mode of the surrounding rock, the interaction behavior of the surrounding rock-supporting structure, the optimal supporting time and parameters are important problems in the underground engineering design of the fractured rock mass, and the problem is solved without involving a surrounding rock constitutive model, so that the surrounding rock strain softening model under the crack development evolution condition is constructed, the important practical significance is provided for deep understanding of the fracture surrounding rock damage behavior, the surrounding rock strain softening zone, the crushing zone and the change trend of the periphery of a roadway can be analyzed and researched by the designed surrounding rock constitutive model, the surrounding rock strain softening zone, the fracture zone structure, the position and the hydrological condition can be obtained by geological radar and the advanced detection key technology of drilling, and the supporting and real-time monitoring of the surrounding rock strain softening zone which is easy to occur, because the extrusion force that supports body both sides and receive is great, takes place to damage easily, consequently need emphatically support and carry out real time monitoring when strutting to in time carry out analysis contrast to the data that obtain of measuring, so that can in time accomplish the protection, for this reason, we provide a kind of ground pressure support method and the supervisory equipment who struts that shocks resistance based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristic, can effectively solve the problem in the background art: because the extrusion force that supports body both sides and receive is great, takes place to damage easily, consequently need focus to support and carry out real time monitoring when strutting to in time carry out analysis contrast to the data that obtain to can in time accomplish the protection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an anti-rock-pressure-burst supporting method based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristics specifically comprises the following steps:
a: the method is characterized in that a lower supporting bottom plate is installed in a tunnel with surrounding rocks with strain softening characteristics, an outer supporting arch frame is arranged at the upper end of the lower supporting bottom plate, namely an outer supporting side plate is installed on the lower supporting bottom plate, a supporting top plate is installed on the outer supporting side plate, a plurality of groups of strain sensors are installed on the outer side of the supporting top plate, concrete stress strain is detected forcibly, a plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods are installed in the surrounding rocks at proper intervals, so that the outer supporting side plate and the supporting top plate are fixed with the surrounding rocks, then a steel wire rope is connected with the plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods, the steel wire rope and the plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods are combined to form an anchor rod connecting group, further a certain fixing effect is achieved on the anchor rods, the later-stage anchor rods are prevented from falling off, then the inner supporting arch frame is installed in the outer supporting arch frame, and the outer supporting arch frame and the inner supporting arch frame are matched for use, and further increase the supporting effect, when the reinforcing support needs to be consolidated at the later stage, concrete is poured into the inner part of the supporting arch frame by opening the mounting cover plate, so that the outer supporting arch frame and the inner supporting arch frame form a supporting whole, the supporting effect is further enhanced, and the later stage reinforcement is facilitated;
b, after the step A is finished, an outer layer detection mechanism is arranged inside an installation detection groove arranged on the outer side of the outer support arch frame, the pressure of surrounding rocks on the outer side of the outer support arch frame can be monitored in real time through the arranged outer layer detection mechanism, the pressure of deformation of the surrounding rocks on the outer side of the outer support arch frame can be monitored in real time, an inner layer detection mechanism is arranged between the outer support arch frame and the inner support arch frame, the deformation size of the outer support arch frame can be monitored in real time after the surrounding rocks extrude the outer support arch frame through the arranged inner layer detection mechanism, the influence of the pressure of the surrounding rocks on the support strength of the support device can be further judged, and possible damage can be prevented;
c, after the step B is finished, mounting a plurality of groups of connecting and supporting mechanisms on one side of the outer supporting side plate so as to reinforce the weakest area of the whole supporting device, wherein each connecting and supporting mechanism comprises a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat and a connecting protruding rod, namely, the first connecting seat is mounted on the inner side of the outer supporting arch frame, the second connecting seat is mounted on the outer side of the inner supporting arch frame, the connecting protruding rod is arranged between the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat so as to play a supporting role, and concrete is poured after the mounting is finished;
a tray seat is arranged at one end of the fixed anchor rod, an installation nut is arranged on the outer side of one end of the fixed anchor rod, an anchor head is arranged at the other end of the fixed anchor rod, an installation groove is formed in one side, close to the anchor head, of the fixed anchor rod, and a first photosensitive fiber is arranged inside the installation groove;
the outer layer detection mechanism comprises a connecting and mounting plate, a first connecting rod, a detection mounting rod, a first spring, an elastic detection block and a first pressure sensor, wherein the detection connecting rod is positioned inside the first connecting rod and connected with the connecting and mounting plate, one end of the detection mounting rod is positioned inside the first connecting rod, one end of the detection mounting rod is provided with a detection placing groove, one end of the first spring is connected with the detection connecting rod, the other end of the first spring is connected with the elastic detection block, one end of the detection mounting rod, which is positioned on one side of the detection placing groove, is provided with a protection groove, the upper end of the protection groove is connected with an upper connecting rod, the lower end of the protection groove is connected with a lower connecting rod, and a protection connecting plate is connected between the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod;
the inner layer detection mechanism comprises a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, an outer detection shell, a first detection rod, a first detection block and a second pressure sensor, one end of the second connecting rod is positioned in the outer detection shell and connected with a sliding block, one end of the third connecting rod is positioned in the outer detection shell and connected with a sliding block, a sliding groove is formed in the outer detection shell, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped elastic plates which are symmetrically arranged are arranged in the sliding groove, a sliding detection groove is formed in the lower end of the inner part of the outer detection shell, the lower end of the first detection rod is positioned in the sliding detection groove, a second spring is further arranged in the detection groove, surrounding rocks extrude the outer support arch frame and drive the second connecting rod to move, and further drive the first detection rod at the lower end to move, so that the first detection rod drives the first detection block to extrude the second pressure sensor, through the change that detects pressure and then can detect the extrusion force that external support bow member received, be convenient for carry out the later stage consolidation work.
The detection mounting rod is connected with the outer side of the inner supporting arch frame, the elastic detection block is located on one side of the first pressure sensor, and the protection connecting plate is located on the other side of the first pressure sensor.
Wherein, it is weaker with the intensity of lower connecting rod to go up the connecting rod, the size that elasticity detected the piece is greater than the protecting bath, make elasticity detect the inside that the piece can not get into the protecting bath, the extrusion force transmission that the connecting mounting panel that sets up will receive detects the connecting rod, and drive the first spring that sets up and elasticity detection piece and remove and extrude first pressure sensor, thereby can obtain the extrusion force that the outer support hunch frame outside was received, and then can learn the stress of country rock, the extrusion force that receives when first pressure sensor is great, protection connecting plate and last connecting rod and lower connecting rod disconnection at this moment, make the inside that the protection connecting plate can drive first pressure sensor and get into the protecting bath, and then can play the guard action, prevent that the too big bearing value that exceeds first pressure sensor of extrusion force from causing the damage.
The other end of the second connecting rod is connected with the inner side of the outer supporting arch frame, and the other end of the third connecting rod is connected with the outer side of the inner supporting arch frame.
Wherein, the sliding block is located the inside of sliding tray, and is two sets of the side view of arc elastic plate sets up to the ellipse, and then makes the arc elastic plate can take place certain deformation, and then has certain elasticity, the multiunit the arc elastic plate is located between two sets of sliding blocks.
One side of the first detection block is connected with the first detection rod, one end of the second spring is connected with the inner wall of the sliding detection groove, the other end of the second spring is connected with the second pressure sensor, and the second pressure sensor is located on one side of the first detection block.
Wherein, first sensing optical fiber is connected with outside signal receiver through connecting the cable, mounting nut establishes the one side at the tray seat, the tray seat sets up the one side of strutting the curb plate outward, is provided with the deformation that first sensing optical fiber measured the stock through the inside at the fixed stock that sets up to give signal receiver with the measuring result transmission, and then can record the stress of country rock, and carry out the analysis through the data that record, play real time monitoring's effect.
Wherein, the inside of connecting protruding pole has been seted up and has been supported the spread groove, one side of first connecting seat and second connecting seat all is connected with the support connecting rod, the one end of supporting the connecting rod is connected with the supporting connection piece, and is two sets of the supporting connection piece is located the inside of supporting the spread groove, the middle part of connecting protruding pole is provided with protruding end for connecting supporting mechanism and having certain deformability under the effect of certain extrusion force, difficult emergence fracture prevents that connecting supporting mechanism is harder to take place the fracture influence supporting effect under the effect that receives powerful extrusion force.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the outer layer detection mechanism and the inner layer detection mechanism are matched for use, the positions, which are easy to damage, of two sides of the support body can be supported and monitored in real time, so that protection can be achieved in time, deformation of the outer support side plate can be detected by respectively detecting the change of surrounding rocks outside the outer support arch and extrusion force applied to the inner side of the outer support arch, analysis can be performed according to the deformation size and the supporting capacity, and reinforcement is facilitated, concrete is poured between the outer support arch and the inner support arch, so that a support whole can be formed between the outer support arch and the inner support arch, the support effect is further enhanced, the first sensing optical fiber is arranged inside the fixed anchor rod, the strain sensor is arranged on the outer side of the support top plate, so that the internal stress and the change of the surrounding rocks can be monitored in real time, and the peripheral area of the support body can be continuously monitored, and protection is carried out in time according to the data, so that the safety is improved, and the method has better practicability and creativity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the fixing anchor according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the outer layer detection mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a in fig. 3 according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the internal layer detection mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of B in FIG. 5 according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the connecting protrusion bar according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a lower supporting bottom plate; 2. an inner supporting arch frame; 3. an outer supporting arch frame; 4. an outer support side plate; 5. supporting a top plate; 6. a wire rope; 7. a strain sensor; 8. installing a cover plate; 9. a tray seat; 10. mounting a nut; 11. an anchor head; 12. mounting grooves; 13. a first sensing optical fiber; 14. connecting a cable; 15. installing a detection groove; 16. connecting the mounting plate; 17. a first connecting rod; 18. detecting the connecting rod; 19. detecting the mounting rod; 20. detecting the placing groove; 21. a first spring; 22. an elastic detection block; 23. a protective bath; 24. an upper connecting rod; 25. a lower connecting rod; 26. a protective connecting plate; 27. a first pressure sensor; 28. a second connecting rod; 29. a third connecting rod; 30. an outer detection housing; 31. a slider; 32. a sliding groove; 33. an arc-shaped elastic plate; 34. a first detection lever; 35. a first detection block; 36. a second pressure sensor; 37. a sliding detection groove; 38. a second spring; 39. connecting a supporting mechanism; 40. a first connecting seat; 41. a second connecting seat; 42. connecting the protruding rods; 43. a support link; 44. supporting the connecting block; 45. supporting connecting grooves; 46. and (5) fixing the anchor rod.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, an anti-rock-compression supporting method based on the strain softening property of surrounding rock specifically comprises the following steps:
a: installing a lower supporting bottom plate 1 in a tunnel with surrounding rocks with strain softening characteristics, arranging an outer supporting arch frame 3 at the upper end of the lower supporting bottom plate 1, namely installing an outer supporting side plate 4 on the lower supporting bottom plate 1, installing a supporting top plate 5 on the outer supporting side plate 4, installing a plurality of groups of strain sensors 7 outside the supporting top plate 5, forcibly detecting the stress strain of concrete, installing a plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods 46 in the surrounding rocks at proper intervals to fix the outer supporting side plate 4 and the supporting top plate 5 with the surrounding rocks, connecting a steel wire rope 6 with the plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods 46, namely combining the steel wire rope 6 with the plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods 46 to form an anchor rod connecting group, further playing a certain fixing role on the anchor rods and preventing the later anchor rods from falling off, installing the inner supporting arch frame 2 in the outer supporting arch frame 3, and matching the outer supporting arch frame 3 with the inner supporting arch frame 2, the supporting effect is further increased, and when the supporting needs to be strengthened and strengthened in the later period, the mounting cover plate 8 is opened, concrete is poured into the inner portion of the mounting cover plate, so that the outer supporting arch frame 3 and the inner supporting arch frame 2 form a supporting whole, the supporting effect is further enhanced, and the later period reinforcement is facilitated;
b, after the step A is finished, an outer layer detection mechanism is installed inside an installation detection groove 15 arranged on the outer side of an outer supporting arch frame 3, the pressure of surrounding rock on the outer side of the outer supporting arch frame 3 can be monitored in real time through the arranged outer layer detection mechanism, the pressure of deformation of the surrounding rock on the outer side of the outer supporting arch frame 3 can be monitored in real time, an inner layer detection mechanism is installed between the outer supporting arch frame 3 and an inner supporting arch frame 2, the deformation size of the outer supporting arch frame 3 can be monitored in real time after the surrounding rock extrudes the outer supporting arch frame 3 through the arranged inner layer detection mechanism, the influence of the pressure of the surrounding rock on the supporting strength of the supporting device can be further judged, and possible damage can be prevented;
c, after the step B is finished, then a plurality of groups of connecting and supporting mechanisms 39 are arranged on one side of the outer supporting side plate 4, and further the weakest area of the whole supporting device can be reinforced, wherein each connecting and supporting mechanism 39 comprises a first connecting seat 40, a second connecting seat 41 and a connecting protruding rod 42, namely the first connecting seat 40 is arranged on the inner side of the outer supporting arch truss 3, the second connecting seat 41 is arranged on the outer side of the inner supporting arch 2, the connecting protruding rod 42 is arranged between the first connecting seat 40 and the second connecting seat 41, and further the supporting effect can be achieved, and concrete is poured after the installation is finished;
a tray seat 9 is arranged at one end of the fixed anchor rod 46, a mounting nut 10 is arranged on the outer side of one end of the fixed anchor rod 46, an anchor head 11 is arranged at the other end of the fixed anchor rod 46, a mounting groove 12 is formed in one side, close to the anchor head 11, of the fixed anchor rod 46, and a first sensing optical fiber 13 is arranged inside the mounting groove 12;
the outer layer detection mechanism comprises a connecting and mounting plate 16, a first connecting rod 17, a detection connecting rod 18, a detection mounting rod 19, a first spring 21, an elastic detection block 22 and a first pressure sensor 27, wherein the detection connecting rod 18 is positioned inside the first connecting rod 17 and connected with the connecting and mounting plate 16, one end of the detection mounting rod 19 is positioned inside the first connecting rod 17, one end of the detection mounting rod 19 is provided with a detection placing groove 20, one end of the first spring 21 is connected with the detection connecting rod 18, the other end of the first spring 21 is connected with the elastic detection block 22, one end of the detection mounting rod 19, which is positioned on one side of the detection placing groove 20, is provided with a protection groove 23, the upper end of the protection groove 23 is connected with an upper connecting rod 24, the lower end of the protection groove 23 is connected with a lower connecting rod 25, and a protection connecting plate 26 is connected between the upper connecting rod 24 and the lower connecting rod 25;
the inner layer detection mechanism comprises a second connecting rod 28, a third connecting rod 29, an outer detection shell 30, a first detection rod 34, a first detection block 35 and a second pressure sensor 36, one end of the second connecting rod 28 is positioned inside the outer detection shell 30 and connected with a sliding block 31, one end of the third connecting rod 29 is positioned inside the outer detection shell 30 and connected with a sliding block 31, a sliding groove 32 is formed inside the outer detection shell 30, a plurality of groups of symmetrically arranged arc-shaped elastic plates 33 are arranged inside the sliding groove 32, a sliding detection groove 37 is formed in the lower end inside the outer detection shell 30, the lower end of the first detection rod 34 is positioned inside the sliding detection groove 37, a second spring 38 is further arranged inside the detection groove, the surrounding rock extrudes the outer support arch 3 and drives the second connecting rod 28 to move and further drives the first detection rod 34 at the lower end to move, so that the first detection rod 34 drives the first detection block 35 to extrude the second pressure sensor 36, through the change that detects pressure and then can detect the extrusion force that external support bow member 3 received, be convenient for carry out the later stage consolidation work.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the detection mounting rod 19 is connected to the outer side of the inner supporting arch support 2, the elastic detection block 22 is located on one side of the first pressure sensor 27, the protection connection plate 26 is located on the other side of the first pressure sensor 27, the strength of the upper connection rod 24 and the lower connection rod 25 is weaker, the size of the elastic detection block 22 is larger than that of the protection slot 23, so that the elastic detection block 22 cannot enter the protection slot 23, the connection mounting plate 16 is arranged to transmit the received extrusion force to the detection connection rod 18 and drive the first spring 21 and the elastic detection block 22 to move to extrude the first pressure sensor 27, so that the extrusion force received by the outer supporting arch support 3 can be obtained, the stress of the surrounding rock can be known, when the extrusion force received by the first pressure sensor 27 is larger, the protection connection plate 26 is disconnected from the upper connection rod 24 and the lower connection rod 25, make the protection connecting plate 26 can drive first pressure sensor 27 and get into the inside of protecting groove 23, and then can play the guard action, prevent that the extrusion force from excessively exceeding the bearing value of first pressure sensor 27 and causing the damage.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the other end of the second connecting rod 28 is connected to the inner side of the outer supporting arch frame 3, the other end of the third connecting rod 29 is connected to the outer side of the inner supporting arch frame 2, the sliding blocks 31 are located inside the sliding grooves 32, the side views of the two sets of arc-shaped elastic plates 33 are set to be elliptical, so that the arc-shaped elastic plates 33 can deform to a certain extent and have certain elasticity, the multiple sets of arc-shaped elastic plates 33 are located between the two sets of sliding blocks 31, one side of the first detecting block 35 is connected to the first detecting rod 34, one end of the second spring 38 is connected to the inner wall of the sliding detecting groove 37, the other end of the second spring 38 is connected to the second pressure sensor 36, and the second pressure sensor 36 is located on one side of the first detecting block 35.
As shown in fig. 2, the first sensing optical fiber 13 is connected with an external signal receiver through a connection cable 14, the mounting nut 10 is arranged on one side of the tray seat 9, the tray seat 9 is arranged on one side of the external supporting side plate 4, the deformation of the anchor rod is measured by arranging the first sensing optical fiber 13 in the fixed anchor rod 46, and the measured result is transmitted to the signal receiver, so that the stress of the surrounding rock can be measured, and the measured data is analyzed to play a role in real-time monitoring.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, supporting connection groove 45 has been seted up to the inside of connecting protruding pole 42, one side of first connecting seat 40 and second connecting seat 41 all is connected with supporting connection rod 43, the one end of supporting connection rod 43 is connected with supporting connection piece 44, two sets of supporting connection piece 44 are located the inside of supporting connection groove 45, the middle part of connecting protruding pole 42 is provided with protruding end, make to have certain deformability under the effect of certain squeezing force at joint support mechanism 39, difficult fracture that takes place, prevent that joint support mechanism 39 from harder breaking effect under the effect that receives powerful squeezing force.
By adopting the technical scheme: the outer layer detection mechanism and the inner layer detection mechanism are matched for use, the positions, which are easy to damage, of two sides of the supporting body can be supported and monitored in real time, so that protection can be achieved in time, deformation of the outer supporting side plate 4 can be detected by respectively detecting the change of surrounding rocks on the outer side of the outer supporting arch 3 and extrusion force applied to the inner side of the outer supporting arch 3, analysis can be performed according to the deformation size and supporting capacity, so that reinforcement is facilitated, a supporting whole can be formed between the outer supporting arch 3 and the inner supporting arch 2 by pouring concrete between the outer supporting arch 3 and the inner supporting arch 2, so that the supporting effect is enhanced, and the first transmission optical fiber 13 is arranged inside the fixed anchor rod 46, and the strain sensor 7 is arranged on the outer side of the supporting roof 5 so that the internal stress and change of the surrounding rocks can be monitored in real time, the supporting body peripheral area can be continuously monitored, protection can be timely carried out according to data, safety is improved, and the supporting body peripheral area monitoring system has better practicability and creativity.
The invention is to be noted that, when installing, firstly, a lower supporting bottom plate 1 is installed in a tunnel with surrounding rock with strain softening characteristic, then an outer supporting arch 3 is arranged at the upper end of the lower supporting bottom plate 1, namely, an outer supporting side plate 4 is installed on the lower supporting bottom plate 1, then a supporting top plate 5 is installed on the outer supporting side plate 4, a plurality of groups of strain sensors 7 are installed at the outer side of the supporting top plate 5, concrete stress and strain are detected by force, then a plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods 46 are installed in the surrounding rock with proper intervals, so that the outer supporting side plate 4 and the supporting top plate 5 are fixed with the surrounding rock, then a steel wire rope 6 is connected with a plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods 46, namely, the steel wire rope 6 and the plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods 46 are combined to form an anchor rod connecting group, and further a certain fixing effect is achieved on the anchor rods, the later-stage anchor rod is prevented from falling off, the inner supporting arch frame 2 is installed inside the outer supporting arch frame 3, the supporting effect is further increased by matching the arranged outer supporting arch frame 3 and the inner supporting arch frame 2, the concrete is poured into the inner supporting arch frame by opening the installation cover plate 8 while the supporting needs to be strengthened at the later stage, so that the outer supporting arch frame 3 and the inner supporting arch frame 2 form a supporting whole, the supporting effect is further enhanced, the later-stage reinforcement is also facilitated, the outer layer detection mechanism is installed inside the installation detection groove 15 arranged on the outer side of the outer supporting arch frame 3, the pressure of surrounding rock on the outer side of the outer supporting arch frame 3 can be monitored in real time by the arranged outer layer detection mechanism, and the inner layer detection mechanism is installed between the outer supporting arch frame 3 and the inner supporting arch frame 2, the invention can monitor the deformation of the outer supporting arch 3 after the surrounding rock extrudes the outer supporting arch 3 in real time through the arranged inner layer detection mechanism, further can judge the influence of the pressure of the surrounding rock on the supporting strength of the supporting device, and can prevent and treat possible harm, then a plurality of groups of connecting and supporting mechanisms 39 are arranged on one side of the outer supporting side plate 4, further can reinforce the weakest area of the whole supporting device, wherein the connecting and supporting mechanisms 39 comprise a first connecting seat 40, a second connecting seat 41 and a connecting raised rod 42, namely, the first connecting seat 40 is arranged on the inner side of the outer supporting arch 3, the second connecting seat 41 is arranged on the outer side of the inner supporting arch 2, the connecting raised rod 42 is arranged between the first connecting seat 40 and the second connecting seat 41, further can play a supporting role, and concrete is poured after the installation is finished, the invention is matched with the arranged outer layer detection mechanism and the inner layer detection mechanism, the position which is easy to damage at two sides of the supporting body can be supported and monitored in real time, so that protection can be conveniently realized in time, the deformation of the outer supporting side plate 4 can be detected by respectively detecting the change of surrounding rock at the outer side of the outer supporting arch 3 and the extrusion force applied to the inner side of the outer supporting arch 3, and the deformation can be analyzed according to the deformation size and the supporting capacity, so that reinforcement can be conveniently realized, concrete is poured between the outer supporting arch 3 and the inner supporting arch 2, so that a supporting whole body can be formed between the outer supporting arch 3 and the inner supporting arch 2, the supporting effect is further enhanced, the internal stress and the change of the surrounding rock can be monitored in real time by matching the first photosensitive fiber 13 arranged in the fixing anchor rod 46 and the strain sensor 7 arranged at the outer side of the supporting top plate 5, the peripheral area of the supporting body can be continuously monitored, and protection can be realized in time according to data, the safety is improved, and the practicability and the creativity are better.
Claims (8)
1. An anti-rock-pressure-shock supporting method based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a: a lower supporting bottom plate is arranged in a tunnel with surrounding rocks with strain softening characteristics, an outer supporting arch frame is arranged at the upper end of the lower supporting bottom plate, namely, the outer supporting side plate is firstly arranged on the lower supporting bottom plate, the supporting top plate is arranged on the outer supporting side plate, a plurality of groups of strain sensors are arranged on the outer side of the supporting top plate, the stress and strain of the concrete are detected by force, a plurality of groups of fixing anchor rods are arranged in the surrounding rock at proper intervals, so that the outer supporting side plates and the supporting top plate are fixed with the surrounding rock, and then the steel wire ropes are connected with a plurality of groups of fixed anchor rods, the steel wire rope and a plurality of groups of fixed anchor rods are combined to form an anchor rod connecting group, the inner supporting arch frame is arranged in the outer supporting arch frame, and the supporting needs to be strengthened at the later stage, and the mounting cover plate is opened, concrete is poured into the inner supporting arch frame, so that an outer supporting arch frame and an inner supporting arch frame form a supporting whole;
b, after finishing the step A, mounting the outer layer detection mechanism in a mounting detection groove arranged on the outer side of the outer support arch frame, and mounting the inner layer detection mechanism between the outer support arch frame and the inner support arch frame;
c, after the step B is finished, mounting a plurality of groups of connecting and supporting mechanisms on one side of the outer supporting side plate so as to reinforce the weakest area of the whole supporting device, wherein each connecting and supporting mechanism comprises a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat and a connecting protruding rod, namely, the first connecting seat is mounted on the inner side of the outer supporting arch frame, the second connecting seat is mounted on the outer side of the inner supporting arch frame, the connecting protruding rod is arranged between the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat, and concrete is poured after the mounting is finished;
a tray seat is arranged at one end of the fixed anchor rod, an installation nut is arranged on the outer side of one end of the fixed anchor rod, an anchor head is arranged at the other end of the fixed anchor rod, an installation groove is formed in one side, close to the anchor head, of the fixed anchor rod, and a first photosensitive fiber is arranged inside the installation groove;
the outer layer detection mechanism comprises a connecting and mounting plate, a first connecting rod, a detection mounting rod, a first spring, an elastic detection block and a first pressure sensor, wherein the detection connecting rod is positioned inside the first connecting rod and connected with the connecting and mounting plate, one end of the detection mounting rod is positioned inside the first connecting rod, one end of the detection mounting rod is provided with a detection placing groove, one end of the first spring is connected with the detection connecting rod, the other end of the first spring is connected with the elastic detection block, one end of the detection mounting rod, which is positioned on one side of the detection placing groove, is provided with a protection groove, the upper end of the protection groove is connected with an upper connecting rod, the lower end of the protection groove is connected with a lower connecting rod, and a protection connecting plate is connected between the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod;
the inner layer detection mechanism comprises a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, an outer detection shell, a first detection rod, a first detection block and a second pressure sensor, one end of the second connecting rod is positioned in the outer detection shell and connected with a sliding block, one end of the third connecting rod is positioned in the outer detection shell and connected with a sliding block, a sliding groove is formed in the outer detection shell, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped elastic plates which are symmetrically arranged are arranged in the sliding groove, a sliding detection groove is formed in the lower end of the inner part of the outer detection shell, the lower end of the first detection rod is positioned in the sliding detection groove, a second spring is further arranged in the detection groove, surrounding rocks extrude the outer support arch frame and drive the second connecting rod to move, and further drive the first detection rod at the lower end to move, so that the first detection rod drives the first detection block to extrude the second pressure sensor, the extrusion force applied to the external supporting arch centering can be detected by detecting the change of the pressure.
2. The equipment for monitoring the impact-resistant rock pressure support based on the strain softening characteristic of the surrounding rock, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the detection mounting rod is connected with the outer side of the inner supporting arch frame, the elastic detection block is located on one side of the first pressure sensor, and the protection connecting plate is located on the other side of the first pressure sensor.
3. The equipment for monitoring the impact-resistant rock pressure support based on the strain softening characteristic of the surrounding rock, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: go up the connecting rod and the intensity of connecting rod down is less strong, the size that elasticity detected the piece is greater than the guard slot, and the connecting mounting panel that sets up will receive the extrusion force transmit for detecting the connecting rod to drive the first spring and the elasticity that set up and detect the piece and remove and extrude first pressure sensor, thereby can obtain the extrusion force that the outer support bracket outside was received, and then can learn the stress of country rock.
4. The equipment for monitoring the impact-resistant rock pressure support based on the strain softening characteristic of the surrounding rock, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the other end of the second connecting rod is connected with the inner side of the outer supporting arch frame, and the other end of the third connecting rod is connected with the outer side of the inner supporting arch frame.
5. The equipment for monitoring the impact-resistant rock pressure support based on the strain softening characteristic of the surrounding rock, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sliding block is located the inside of sliding tray, and is two sets of the side view of arc elastic plate sets up to the ellipse, the multiunit the arc elastic plate is located between two sets of sliding blocks.
6. The equipment for monitoring the impact-resistant rock pressure support based on the strain softening characteristic of the surrounding rock, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: one side of the first detection block is connected with the first detection rod, one end of the second spring is connected with the inner wall of the sliding detection groove, the other end of the second spring is connected with the second pressure sensor, and the second pressure sensor is located on one side of the first detection block.
7. The equipment for monitoring the impact-resistant rock pressure support based on the strain softening characteristic of the surrounding rock, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: first sensing optical fiber is connected with outside signal receiver through connecting cable, mounting nut establishes the one side at the tray seat, the tray seat sets up the one side of strutting the curb plate outward, is provided with the deformation that first sensing optical fiber measured the stock through the inside at the fixed stock that sets up to give signal receiver with the measuring result, and then can record the stress of country rock, and carry out the analysis through the data that record.
8. The equipment for monitoring the impact-resistant rock pressure support based on the strain softening characteristic of the surrounding rock, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the support connecting groove is formed in the connecting protruding rod, one side of each of the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat is connected with a support connecting rod, one end of each support connecting rod is connected with a support connecting block, the support connecting blocks are located in the support connecting grooves, and protruding ends are arranged in the middle of the connecting protruding rod.
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| CN202110364819.6A CN113187505B (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Rock burst resistance supporting and monitoring equipment based on surrounding rock strain softening characteristic |
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| CN113187505B (en) | 2021-12-24 |
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