CN113186719A - 一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请涉及纺织材料领域,具体公开了一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法。所述抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法包括下列制备步骤:S1、涤纶面料处理;S2、填充改性涤纶面料;S3、包覆改性液制备;S4、包覆涤纶面料制备。本申请先通过对涤纶表面进行刻蚀处理,通过刻蚀处理的涤纶面料表面形成大量分散的微孔,再将阻燃溶胶液负载至纤维表面,经晶化处理后,再通过包覆改性液对微孔内部的孔隙和内壁进行填充和包覆,密实涤纶面料纤维的结构性能,从而进一步改善了涤纶面料的抗撕裂力学强度。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及纺织材料领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶是合成纤维中用量最大的纤维。涤纶具有强度高、模量大、物理和化学稳定性优良等优异特点,已广泛应用于户外产品、建筑装饰品、军工、汽车内饰等领域,如冲锋衣、帐篷、墙纸、军用背囊。然而涤纶是可燃纤维,其极限氧指数(LOI)大约为21%;单一的功能性纺织品已不能满足人们的需求,为了将涤纶纺织品更好地应用于这些领域,必须对涤纶纺织品进行改性,使其具有阻燃和拒水的性能。涤纶织物经高温阻燃整理后,阻燃整理剂沉积在涤纶纤维表面,形成覆盖层而隔绝空气、火源和可燃性气体对纤维的作用,从而获得一定的阻燃效果。
针对上述中的相关技术,发明人认为纺织面料经整理后,强力撕破强力会发生明显变化,这直接决定了面料的耐用性能,所以通过对涤纶纤维或涤纶面料进行阻燃整理或改性后,涤纶面料的撕破强力均会有不同程度的损伤,导致阻燃涤纶面料的力学性能大幅下降影响其使用寿命和适用范围。
发明内容
为了改善阻燃涤纶面料的抗撕裂性能,从而提高阻燃面料的使用寿命和适用范围,本申请提供一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料,所述抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法包括下列制备步骤:S1、涤纶面料处理:取织造好的涤纶面料并将其浸泡至表面刻蚀液中,在室温下浸泡后再轧压处理,取轧压涤纶面料并升温加热,保温刻蚀改性处理,得改性涤纶面料;S2、填充改性涤纶面料:取阻燃溶胶液并将改性涤纶面料浸泡至阻燃溶胶液中,在45~50℃下二浸二轧处理,取二浸二轧处理后的涤纶面料并晶化处理,得填充改性涤纶面料;S3、包覆改性液制备:按重量份数计,分别称量15~30份无水乙醇、40~50份正硅酸乙酯、85~100份去离子水和1~2份0.1mol/L盐酸置于搅拌装置,搅拌混合并调节,保温搅拌得包覆改性溶胶;S4、包覆涤纶面料制备:取填充改性涤纶面料并将其添加至包覆改性溶胶浸渍,三浸三轧处理后,取包覆改性后的涤纶面料预烘干处理,再保温焙烘处理,即可制备得抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请先通过对涤纶表面进行刻蚀处理,通过刻蚀处理的涤纶面料表面形成大量分散的微孔,较大地增加涤纶面料中纤维的表面积与空间构型,在此基础上,通过将阻燃溶胶液负载至纤维表面,经晶化处理后,将晶化颗粒填充在微孔内部,改善传统整理后的阻燃涤纶纤维的力学性能,最后,通过包覆改性液对微孔内部的孔隙和内壁进行填充和包覆,改善孔隙内壁的牢固性能的同时,有效密实涤纶面料纤维的结构性能,从而进一步改善了涤纶面料的抗撕裂力学强度。
进一步地,步骤S1所述的表面刻蚀液包括,按质量比1:10~15,将十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵添加至氢氧化钠溶液,混合制备的表面刻蚀液。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请通过选用氢氧化钠溶液和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵进行复配,而涤纶面料的化学组成主要为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,所以通过氢氧化钠进行碱刻蚀处理,由面料的纤维表面开始逐渐向里层会产生凹凸不平的坑洞,从而改善了涤纶面料的结构性能,在此基础上添加的十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵能有效促进碱对涤纶纤维大分子酯键的可及度,从而提高碱刻蚀涤纶纤维的效果。
进一步地,步骤S1所述的轧压涤纶面料轧余率为85~90%。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请通过控制轧余率,使在干燥的过程中,通过干燥后水分的蒸发,提高轧余后刻蚀液的浓度,从而有效对涤纶纤维表面进行良好的刻蚀处理。
进一步地,步骤S2所述的阻燃溶胶液包括下列重量份的物质:45~50份去离子水、10~15份0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、3~5份碳酸钠、1~2份硝酸镁和3~5份硝酸铝。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请优化了原料的配比,使其形成制备水滑石材料的溶胶体系,通过溶胶的形成能有效渗透至面料的内部,从而负载至涤纶面料纤维内部刻蚀的孔洞内部,再经晶化处理后,形成的水滑石结构在受热过程当中,脱除的结构水、层板间羟基水并分解碳酸形成二氧化碳气体,通过形成的二氧化碳气体稀释燃烧气体浓度或者隔绝氧气,通过释放阻燃物质,在燃烧过程中,吸收大量热量,降低温度,从而有效阻燃。
进一步地,步骤S2所述的晶化处理温度为60~65℃。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请优化晶化的温度,使其在该温度能有效晶化并对涤纶面料纤维表面的孔道形成良好的填充和修复,从而有效改善了涤纶面料经阻燃改性后材料抗撕裂性能降低的缺陷。
进一步地,步骤S3所述的包覆改性液还包括正硅酸乙酯质量1/3的硼酸。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请在包覆改性液中添加硼酸进行改性,改善包覆层结构的致密程度,这样在实际使用过程中,改善了包覆后纤维材料的结构性能,同时填充的致密结构,能有效渗透至刻蚀后的孔隙内部,从而形成良好的填充负载的效果,在改善阻燃性能的同时,进一步改善了其力学强度。
进一步地,步骤S4所述的加压处理压强为3~5MPa。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请通过加压处理,改善包覆改性液对涤纶面料纤维的渗透性能,从而有效封堵并渗透至纤维材料孔隙的内部,提高纤维结构的致密性能,进一步改善了涤纶纤维的结构,从而提高了涤纶纤维的力学性能。
进一步地,步骤S4所述的保温焙烘处理为按1℃/s升温至120~125℃,保温焙烘3~5h。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于本申请通过保温焙烘的方式对表面改性液加以处理,防止温度过高或过低的干燥温度降低了包覆层结构的力学性能,使制备的涤纶面料具有良好的结构性能和力学强度。
综上所述,本申请包括以下至少一种有益技术效果:
第一、本申请先通过对涤纶表面进行刻蚀处理,通过刻蚀处理的涤纶面料表面形成大量分散的微孔,较大地增加涤纶面料中纤维的表面积与空间构型,在此基础上,通过将阻燃溶胶液负载至纤维表面,经晶化处理后,将晶化颗粒填充在微孔内部,改善传统整理后的阻燃涤纶纤维的力学性能,最后,通过包覆改性液对微孔内部的孔隙和内壁进行填充和包覆,改善孔隙内壁的牢固性能的同时,有效密实涤纶面料纤维的结构性能,从而进一步改善了涤纶面料的抗撕裂力学强度。
第二、本申请选用氢氧化钠溶液和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵进行复配,通过氢氧化钠进行碱刻蚀处理,辅助有十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵有效促进碱对涤纶纤维大分子酯键的可及度,从而提高碱刻蚀涤纶纤维的效果。
第三、本申请在包覆改性液中添加硼酸进行改性,改善了包覆后纤维材料的结构性能,同时填充的致密结构,能有效渗透至刻蚀后的孔隙内部,从而形成良好的填充负载的效果,在改善阻燃性能的同时,进一步改善了其力学强度。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本申请实施例中,所用的仪器设备如下所示,但不以此为限:
仪器:织物强力机-Y(B)026H-250-温州市大荣纺织仪器有限公司;
垂直法阻燃性能测试仪-YG(B)815D-1-温州市大荣纺织仪器有限公司;
小样轧车-PAD-MANGLE-温州市大荣纺织仪器有限公司;
烘箱-R-1-温州市大荣纺织仪器有限公司;
电子天平-JA2003-上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司。
实施例
实施例1
按质量比1:10,将十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵添加至0.05mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,在室温下搅拌混合得浸渍液,取涤纶面料并浸泡至浸渍液中,在室温下浸渍15min后,取浸泡后的涤纶面料并轧压处理,控制轧余率为85%,待轧压处理完成后,将其置于45℃下,保温处理45min,得保温处理涤纶面料,取保温处理涤纶面料并用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性后,再在75℃下保温干燥6h,得干燥改性涤纶面料;
按重量份数计,分别称量45份去离子水、10份0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、3份碳酸钠、1份硝酸镁和3份硝酸铝置于室温下搅拌混合45min,收集混合溶胶液并将干燥改性涤纶面料浸泡置于混合溶胶液中,在45℃下二浸二轧处理,控制轧余率为10%,待二浸二轧完成后,取处理后的涤纶面料并置于60℃下晶化处理3h,待晶化处理完成后,水洗并真空冷冻干燥20h,得填充改性涤纶面料;
按重量份数计,分别称量15份无水乙醇、40份正硅酸乙酯、85份去离子水和1份硼酸置于搅拌装置,搅拌混合并添加0.1mol/L盐酸胺至pH至2.5,待添加完成后,再在65℃下保温搅拌3h,得包覆改性溶胶;
取填充改性涤纶面料并按质量比1:20,将其添加至包覆改性溶胶浸渍3min,在3MPa下,二浸二轧并控制轧余率为80%,在80℃下预烘干3min,再按1℃/s升温至120℃,保温焙烘3h,即可制备得抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料。
实施例2
按质量比1:12,将十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵添加至0.05mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,在室温下搅拌混合得浸渍液,取涤纶面料并浸泡至浸渍液中,在室温下浸渍17min后,取浸泡后的涤纶面料并轧压处理,控制轧余率为87%,待轧压处理完成后,将其置于47℃下,保温处理47min,得保温处理涤纶面料,取保温处理涤纶面料并用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性后,再在77℃下保温干燥7h,得干燥改性涤纶面料;
按重量份数计,分别称量47份去离子水、12份0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、4份碳酸钠、1份硝酸镁和4份硝酸铝置于室温下搅拌混合53min,收集混合溶胶液并将干燥改性涤纶面料浸泡置于混合溶胶液中,在47℃下二浸二轧处理,控制轧余率为10%,待二浸二轧完成后,取处理后的涤纶面料并置于62℃下晶化处理4h,待晶化处理完成后,水洗并真空冷冻干燥22h,得填充改性涤纶面料;
按重量份数计,分别称量17份无水乙醇、45份正硅酸乙酯、92份去离子水和1份硼酸置于搅拌装置,搅拌混合并添加0.1mol/L盐酸胺至pH至2.5,待添加完成后,再在70℃下保温搅拌4h,得包覆改性溶胶;
取填充改性涤纶面料并按质量比1:22,将其添加至包覆改性溶胶浸渍4min,在4MPa下,二浸二轧并控制轧余率为80%,在82℃下预烘干4min,再按1℃/s升温至122℃,保温焙烘4h,即可制备得抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料。
实施例3
按质量比1:15,将十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵添加至0.05mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,在室温下搅拌混合得浸渍液,取涤纶面料并浸泡至浸渍液中,在室温下浸渍20min后,取浸泡后的涤纶面料并轧压处理,控制轧余率为90%,待轧压处理完成后,将其置于50℃下,保温处理50min,得保温处理涤纶面料,取保温处理涤纶面料并用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性后,再在80℃下保温干燥8h,得干燥改性涤纶面料;
按重量份数计,分别称量50份去离子水、15份0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、5份碳酸钠、2份硝酸镁和5份硝酸铝置于室温下搅拌混合60min,收集混合溶胶液并将干燥改性涤纶面料浸泡置于混合溶胶液中,在50℃下二浸二轧处理,控制轧余率为10%,待二浸二轧完成后,取处理后的涤纶面料并置于65℃下晶化处理5h,待晶化处理完成后,水洗并真空冷冻干燥24h,得填充改性涤纶面料;
按重量份数计,分别称量30份无水乙醇、50份正硅酸乙酯、100份去离子水和2份硼酸置于搅拌装置,搅拌混合并添加0.1mol/L盐酸胺至pH至2.5,待添加完成后,再在75℃下保温搅拌5h,得包覆改性溶胶;
取填充改性涤纶面料并按质量比1:25,将其添加至包覆改性溶胶浸渍5min,在5MPa下,二浸二轧并控制轧余率为80%,在85℃下预烘干5min,再按1℃/s升温至125℃,保温焙烘5h,即可制备得抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料。
实施例4~6
实施例4~6中在抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料中添加的包覆改性液中不含有硼酸,其他条件和组分比例均与实施例1中相同。
性能检测试验
分别对实施例1~6进行性能测试,对实施例1~6制备的抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的阻燃性能和力学强度。
检测方法/试验方法
(1)力学性能:撕破强力按照GB/T 3917.3-2009《纺织品织物撕破性能第3部分梯形试样撕破强力的测定》测试。
(2)阻燃性能按照 GB/T 5455-2014《纺织品燃烧性能试验垂直方向损毁长度、阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试。
具体检测结果如下表表1所示:表1性能检测表
表1性能测试表
参考表1的性能检测对比可以发现:
将实施例1~3进行性能对比,其中实施例3中的阻燃性能和抗撕裂性能最佳,同时实施例3较实施例1和实施例2来说,其各组分的添加比例最高,所以说明本申请技术方案是可以实施的。
将实施例1~3和实施例4~6行性能对比,由于实施例4~6在抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料中添加的包覆改性液中不含有硼酸,且其虽然阻燃性能无变化,但是其抗撕裂性能显著降低,这说明了本申请采用的硼酸对包覆改性液进行改性时,改善了包覆后纤维材料的结构性能,同时填充的致密结构,能有效渗透至刻蚀后的孔隙内部,从而形成良好的填充负载的效果,在改善阻燃性能的同时,进一步改善了其力学强度。
对比例
对比例1~3
对比例1~3中直接材料织造后的涤纶面料进行填充改性和包覆改性,其余条件和组分比例均与实施例1~3中相同。
对比例4~6
对比例4~6只采用氢氧化钠溶液作为表面刻蚀液,其余条件和组分比例均与实施例1~3中相同。
对比例7~9
对比例7~9中不采用包覆改性液包覆处理,其余条件和组分比例均与实施例1~3中相同。
对比例10~12
对比例10~12中采用硅溶胶代替本申请实施例1~3采用的包覆改性液,其余条件和组分比例均与实施例1~3中相同。
性能检测试验
分别对对比例1~12制备的抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料进行力学性能和阻燃性能测试。
检测方法/试验方法
(1)力学性能:撕破强力按照GB/T 3917.3-2009《纺织品织物撕破性能第3部分梯形试样撕破强力的测定》测试。
(2)阻燃性能:按照 GB/T 5455-2014《纺织品燃烧性能试验垂直方向损毁长度、阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试。
具体检测结果如下表表2所示:
表2性能测试表
参考表2的性能检测对比可以发现:
将本申请对比例1~3和实施例1~3进行对比,对比例1~3中直接材料织造后的涤纶面料进行填充改性和包覆改性,由表2可以看出,阻燃性能明显下降,虽然其力学性能有所提高,但是这是由于其结构性能未有所变化的原因,这也说明本申请通过对涤纶表面进行刻蚀处理,能在涤纶面料表面形成大量分散的微孔,较大地增加涤纶面料中纤维的表面积与空间构型,从而在后续改性过程后,有效改善涤纶面料的阻燃性能。
将本申请对比例4~6和实施例1~3进行对比,对比例4~6只采用氢氧化钠溶液作为表面刻蚀液,但是涤纶面料的阻燃性能略有降低,但是力学性能显著下降,这说明本申请采用的选用氢氧化钠溶液和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵进行复配,能使十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵能有效促进碱对涤纶纤维大分子酯键的可及度,从而提高碱刻蚀涤纶纤维的效果,从而改善材料的力学性能和阻燃性能。
将本申请对比例7~9和实施例1~3进行对比,对比例7~9不采用包覆改性液包覆处理,导致其阻燃性能和力学性能均显著下降,这就说明本申请通过包覆改性液对微孔内部的孔隙和内壁进行填充和包覆,改善孔隙内壁的牢固性能的同时,有效密实涤纶面料纤维的结构性能,从而进一步改善了涤纶面料的抗撕裂力学强度。
将本申请对比例10~12和实施例1~3进行对比,对比例10~12采用硅溶胶代替本申请实施例1~3采用的包覆改性液,对比表2,其抗撕裂性能和阻燃性能均有所下降,这说明本申请采用的包覆改性液优化了配比材料和结构,能有效密实涤纶面料纤维的结构性能,从而进一步改善了涤纶面料的抗撕裂力学强度。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (8)
1.一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法包括下列制备步骤:
S1、涤纶面料处理:取织造好的涤纶面料并将其浸泡至表面刻蚀液中,在室温下浸泡后再轧压处理,取轧压涤纶面料并升温加热,保温刻蚀改性处理,得改性涤纶面料;
S2、填充改性涤纶面料:取阻燃溶胶液并将改性涤纶面料浸泡至阻燃溶胶液中,在45~50℃下二浸二轧处理,取二浸二轧处理后的涤纶面料并晶化处理,得填充改性涤纶面料;
S3、包覆改性液制备:按重量份数计,分别称量15~30份无水乙醇、40~50份正硅酸乙酯、85~100份去离子水和1~2份0.1mol/L盐酸置于搅拌装置,搅拌混合并调节,保温搅拌得包覆改性溶胶;
S4、包覆涤纶面料制备:取填充改性涤纶面料并将其添加至包覆改性溶胶浸渍,加压处理后三浸三轧处理后,取包覆改性后的涤纶面料预烘干处理,再保温焙烘处理,即可制备得抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1所述的表面刻蚀液包括,按质量比1:10~15,将十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵添加至氢氧化钠溶液,混合制备的表面刻蚀液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1所述的轧压涤纶面料轧余率为85~90%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2所述的阻燃溶胶液包括下列重量份的物质:
去离子水 45~50份;
氢氧化钠溶液 10~15份;
碳酸钠 3~5份;
硝酸镁 1~2份;
硝酸铝 3~5份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2所述的晶化处理温度为60~65℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3所述的包覆改性液还包括正硅酸乙酯质量1/3的硼酸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4所述的加压处理压强为3~5MPa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂阻燃型涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4所述的保温焙烘处理为按1℃/s升温至120~125℃,保温焙烘3~5h。
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CN112342788A (zh) * | 2020-11-21 | 2021-02-09 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种阻燃吸湿面料及其制备方法 |
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