CN113185515A - 一种美罗培南三水合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种美罗培南三水合物的制备新方法,即:在加氢反应结束后,立即冷却反应液,加入有机溶剂搅拌析晶,过滤得到含活性炭的美罗培南粗品,再加水溶解美罗培南粗品,并过滤除去活性炭,滤液中再加入有机溶剂析晶得到美罗培南精制品。该方法将粗品和精制工序结合在一起,缩短了后处理过程,可极大地减少对美罗培南的破坏,提高了美罗培南质量和收率,便于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一种美罗培南三水合物的制备方法。
背景技术
美罗培南是日本住友制药株式会社研发的第二代碳青霉烯类抗生素,商品名:Merrem(美平)。美罗培南具有广谱的抗革兰氏阳性和阴性菌的作用,对中枢神经系统及肾脏都很安全,是目前治疗重症及多重耐药菌感染的首选药物之一。美罗培南为三水合物,化学结构式如下:
美罗培南制备工艺过程复杂,包括关键的侧链合成和母核骨架的合成,最终由侧链和母核缩合成含保护基团的美罗培南,结构式如下:
保护基美罗培南是生产美罗培南最重要的中间体,其再通过催化氢化去除保护基团得到美罗培南,这是制备过程的关键步骤,通常在有机溶剂或含水的有机溶剂中通过钯催化氢解脱去保护基,从而得到美罗培南。催化氢解步骤须在高压和较高温度下进行,该步反应对美罗培南整体的收率和质量影响很大。
EP0126587A1首次公开了美罗培南及其制法,以保护基美罗培南为原料,钯碳为催化剂,在吗啉代丙烷磺酸缓冲液以及四氢呋喃和乙醇的混合溶剂中加氢脱保护基,反应完毕后,经过滤、浓缩、大孔吸附树脂CHP-20P纯化后得到美罗培南。该方法反应速度快,但降解杂质多,反应后需除去缓冲剂和蒸出有机溶剂,最后还需要柱层析纯化,操作繁琐,收率低。
随后有不少专利在EP0126587A1的基础上进行了改进,一方面是改变反应溶媒,如专利CN19950404A 和CN1948312A,但仍存在降解产物多,后处理复杂等问题;另一方面就是改变反应的缓冲体系,希望在氢化反应中起到稳定美罗培南的作用,如专利CN101628914B,反应在缓冲体系下30~35℃下进行2~3h,反应完成后需蒸馏水再加有机溶剂结晶,整个过程后处理时间长,并没有有效的提高收率和纯度。
在催化加氢反应不能有效降低杂质的情况下,大量专利报道了精制美罗培南粗品的方法,精制工艺一般都包括美罗培南粗品的溶解、活性炭脱色、降温或加反溶剂析晶等操作。例如,专利WO2007/031858和CN201010275223.0利用碱水将美罗培南溶解,过滤后用酸调节pH并加入反溶剂析晶得到精制品。但美罗培南在碱性条件下极不稳定,最终得不到满意的纯度和收率。US20090216101通过将溶有美罗培南的水溶液通过反渗透膜进行浓缩,再加入反溶剂析晶的方法精制美罗培南,但需要特殊的反渗透装置,处理时间也很长。
综合以上技术,并没有一种方法可以很好地解决美罗培南收率低、后处理复杂和纯化困难的问题。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种制备美罗培南三水合物的新方法,本方法是在充分研究美罗培南在加氢溶液中的稳定性以及综合反应后处理和精制方法的基础上创造性地提出的,能最大限度地减少美罗培南的破坏,后处理简单,粗品和精制过程连续进行,脱色效果好、收率高、纯度好,能满足工业化大生产的要求。
本发明人通过对美罗培南的性质及美罗培南加氢反应过程的深入研究,发现溶液状态的美罗培南在报道的加氢反应温度(30℃~40℃)下不稳定,尤其在加氢反应结束后,需要排出氢气以及过滤钯碳,在工业大生产中往往需要数小时的时间,而这段时间内美罗培南会降解,溶液颜色会加深,最终影响美罗培南的收率、颜色和纯度。通过内标法,测定了美罗培南加氢溶液在不同温度下的含量变化,如下:
由此可以看出,加氢反应溶液中美罗培南的含量会随着时间延长而减少,温度越高含量减少得越快,因此本发明人放弃了加氢反应结束后,泄压排除氢气,压滤除去钯碳的常规操作,而采用立即进行快速冷却,使反应液达到安全温度后再行后处理。
另外,当反应液冷却至10℃以下后,有部分美罗培南结晶析出,如果此时过滤钯碳则导致产品损失,使收率降低。本发明人开创性的直接在加氢液中加入有机溶剂使析晶完全,过滤得到美罗培南粗品和活性炭的混合物,再用水溶解美罗培南粗品,活性炭刚好作为脱色剂使用,滤液再加溶剂析晶得到近乎白色的结晶固体,杂质低于美罗培南药典标准(一般主峰前后最大单个杂质均≤0.2%,其他单个杂质≤0.1%,总杂质≤0.6%),不必再单独精制。
本发明的技术路线如下:
(1)加氢反应结束后,立即开启冷凝介质使加氢反应液迅速冷却至0~10℃;
(2)向冷却的加氢液中加入四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙醇、异丙醇或它们的混合溶剂,进一步冷却至0~5℃析晶,过滤得到美罗培南粗品;
(3)加足量的水溶解美罗培南粗品,过滤除去活性炭;
(4)滤液中加入四氢呋喃、或丙酮、或乙醇、或异丙醇或它们的混合溶剂,进一步冷却至0~5℃析晶,过滤得到美罗培南精制品。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明可最大限度地减少美罗培南的热破坏;
(2)后处理简单,无需特殊设备,将美罗培南粗品和精制过程融为一体;
(3)本发明制得的美罗培南收率高、杂质少、颜色好,可直接作为美罗培南制剂的原料。
以下用具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细阐述,但对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明思想在具体实施方式及应用范围上所做的一些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。因此,本说明书记载的内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
具体实施方式
实施例1:将15kg保护美罗培南、320kg四氢呋喃和6kg二甲基吡啶加入2000L加氢釜中,再加入3kg 5%钯碳(干基)和300kg纯化水。充入氮气置换加氢釜内空气3次,置换完后通入氢气至压力1.5~1.8MPa,升温至30~40℃,搅拌800~1000r/min,反应2h结束。
反应结束后,迅速开启冷凝器,使加氢釜内温度降低至0~10℃,再开启氢化釜的排空阀,排除氢气,关闭排空阀,缓慢开启真空阀,抽真空至-0.07~-0.08MPa,再打开氮气阀,充氮气至0.2~0.3MPa。压入880kg四氢呋喃,冷却至0~5℃析晶2h,压滤得到美罗培南粗品及钯碳。
粗品加入200kg纯化水搅拌0.5h,压滤除去活性炭,滤饼用20kg水洗涤,合并滤液,加入880kg四氢呋喃,冷却至0~5℃析晶2h,过滤,滤饼30℃真空干燥24h,得到类白色美罗培南固体7.9kg,收率82.5%,主峰前后最大单个杂质均≤0.2%,其他单个杂质≤0.1%,总杂质≤0.6%,颜色小于黄绿色4#(按中国药典标准测定)。
实施例2:将15kg保护美罗培南、320kg四氢呋喃和6kg二甲基吡啶加入2000L加氢釜中,再加入3kg 5%钯碳(干基)和300kg纯化水。充入氮气置换加氢釜内空气3次,置换完后通入氢气至压力1.5~1.8MPa,升温至30~40℃,搅拌800~1000r/min,反应2h结束。
反应结束后,迅速开启冷凝器,使加氢釜内温度降低至0~10℃,再开启氢化釜的排空阀,排去氢气,关闭排空阀,缓慢开启真空阀,抽真空至-0.07~-0.08MPa,再打开氮气阀,充氮气至0.2~0.3MPa。压入880kg四氢呋喃,冷却至0~5℃析晶2h,压滤得到美罗培南粗品及钯碳。
粗品加入200kg纯化水搅拌0.5h,压滤除去活性炭,滤饼用20kg水洗涤,合并滤液,加入880kg丙酮,冷却至0~5℃析晶2h,过滤,滤饼30℃真空干燥24h,得到类白色美罗培南固体8.0kg,收率85.1%,主峰前后最大单个杂质均≤0.2%,其他单个杂质≤0.1%,总杂质≤0.6%,颜色小于黄绿色4#(按中国药典标准测定)。
实施例3:将15kg保护美罗培南、320kg四氢呋喃和6kg二甲基吡啶加入2000L加氢釜中,再加入3kg 5%钯碳(干基)和300kg纯化水。充入氮气置换加氢釜内空气3次,置换完后通入氢气至压力1.5~1.8MPa,升温至30~40℃,搅拌800~1000r/min,反应2h结束。
反应结束后,迅速开启冷凝器,使加氢釜内温度降低至0~10℃,再开启氢化釜的排空阀,排去氢气,关闭排空阀,缓慢开启真空阀,抽真空至-0.07~-0.08MPa,再打开氮气阀,充氮气至0.2~0.3MPa。压入880kg四氢呋喃,冷却至0~5℃析晶2h,压滤得到美罗培南粗品及钯碳。
粗品加入200kg纯化水搅拌0.5h,压滤除去活性炭,滤饼用20kg水洗涤,合并滤液,加入440kg乙醇和440kg丙酮,冷却至0~5℃析晶2h,过滤,滤饼30℃真空干燥24h,得到类白色美罗培南固体7.8kg,收率83.0%,主峰前后最大单个杂质均≤0.2%,其他单个杂质≤0.1%,总杂质≤0.6%,颜色小于黄绿色3#(按中国药典标准测定)。
Claims (5)
1.一种美罗培南三水合物的制备方法,其特征包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)加氢反应结束后,立即开启冷凝介质使加氢反应液冷却;
(2)向加氢液中加入有机溶剂,进一步冷却析晶,过滤得到美罗培南粗品;
(3)加水溶解美罗培南粗品,过滤;
(4)滤液中加入有机溶剂冷却析晶,过滤得到美罗培南精制品。
2.根据权利要求1所述美罗培南三水合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤 (1)中的冷却温度为0~10℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述美罗培南三水合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙醇、异丙醇或它们的混合溶剂;进一步冷却温度为0~5℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述美罗培南三水合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中水的用量为美罗培南粗品的30 ~40倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述美罗培南三水合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(4)中的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙醇、异丙醇或它们的混合溶剂,有机溶剂的用量为工艺步骤(3)中水的用量的3~5倍;冷却温度为0~5℃。
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