CN113183578A - 一种核辐射防护服用复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种核辐射防护服用复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113183578A
CN113183578A CN202110439378.1A CN202110439378A CN113183578A CN 113183578 A CN113183578 A CN 113183578A CN 202110439378 A CN202110439378 A CN 202110439378A CN 113183578 A CN113183578 A CN 113183578A
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layer
nuclear radiation
composite material
protective clothing
radiation protective
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CN113183578B (zh
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王涛
邹兴平
杨栋
陈朝阳
李杨
罗守斌
范德波
谢波
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Chengdu Shengbang Seals Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种核辐射防护服用复合材料及其制备方法，属于核辐射防护材料技术领域，解决现有技术中核辐射防护服用材料固定强度不够、难去污、透气性差的问题。本发明的核辐射防护服用复合材料，从外至内依次包括易去污表面层、辐射防护功能层和基底层，其中，辐射防护功能层中设置有若干个容纳气体的空腔，辐射防护功能层的上、下表面设置有倾斜的透气孔分别与空腔的上、下端连通。本发明的核辐射防护服用复合面料可以直接缝制成衣，不仅解决了传统防护服材料固定强度不够的问题，显著降低了去污的难度，而且由于不再需要外套，衣服整体重量降低，透气式设计保证了穿戴者体内热量以及湿气的溢出，提高了材料的舒适度。

Description

一种核辐射防护服用复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于核辐射防护材料技术领域，具体涉及一种核辐射防护服用复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着核能和核技术的发展，在核电站检修、核废料处理、核燃料生产等涉核场所中，辐射防护服是工作人员的必备防护品。目前市面上的防护服主要采用外套包裹辐射防护材料片材的结构，所用的外套材料一般采用尼龙、涤纶等材料，里层材料一般采用棉质材料。为了保证内部辐射防护材料的固定强度，往往采用将防护服外套边缘与内部材料一起进行缝制，随着使用时间的延长，线缝合处会出现撕裂的情况，防护材料在外套里面呈现自由状态，致使防护服无法继续使用。另外在高剂量高污染环境中使用过程中，防护服表面外套材料极易沾染放射性粉尘、放射性溶液等物质，这些物质会进入外套材料表面缝隙形成污染。常规的去污方法为高压冲洗、擦拭去污，但是高压冲洗和擦拭去污不可避免的会将污染物质颗粒带入到衣服外套的间隙中去，造成污染扩散，因此给去污工作造成了很大的困难。此外传统的防护服用防护材料采用橡胶或者塑料基材整体压制，服装没有考虑透气的问题，涉核工作人员长期在湿热条件下工作，身体产生的热量和湿气无法释放，尤其是当工作人员在高温环境下工作时，对防护服的透气性的需求也更加强烈。
因此，提供一种核辐射防护服用材料，固定强度大，易于清洗，透气性好，成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于，提供一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，解决现有技术中核辐射防护服用材料固定强度不够、难去污、透气性差的问题。
本发明的目的之二在于，提供该复合材料的制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，从外至内依次包括易去污表面层、辐射防护功能层和基底层，其中，辐射防护功能层中设置有若干个容纳气体的空腔，辐射防护功能层的上、下表面设置有倾斜的透气孔分别与空腔的上、下端连通。
本发明的部分实施方案中，所述辐射防护功能层至少有两层，包括中子防护层和γ射线防护层。为了实现γ射线和中子的同时防护，该层材料可以由中子防护层以及γ射线防护层以层层叠加的方式组成多层材料；
优选地，所述辐射防护功能层的厚度为0.5-5mm；
优选地，空腔高度为辐射防护功能层厚度的1/4～1/2。
本发明的部分实施方案中，位于上层的辐射防护功能层底面设有若干条第一空腔槽，位于下层的辐射防护功能层顶面设有与第一空腔槽相对应的第二空腔槽，空腔由第一空腔槽和第二空腔槽组合而成。
本发明通过设置透气孔和空腔，有效改善了同等厚度防护材料的透气问题。
本发明的部分实施方案中，所述辐射防护功能层由包括以下重量份的原料制成：PVC树脂100份，增塑剂80-100份，热稳定剂5-10份，功能填料500-800份。
本发明的部分实施方案中，中子防护层的功能填料包括碳化硼。
γ射线防护层的功能填料包括：钨粉、铋粉、氧化钨、氧化铋、钨铋合金粉末中的至少一种。
本发明的部分实施方案中，中子防护层位于γ屏蔽层的上层。
本发明的部分实施方案中，所述增塑剂包括环氧大豆油；
或/和所述热稳定剂包括钙锌复合热稳定剂、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸镉、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二马来酸二丁基锡中的至少一种。
本发明的部分实施方案中，所述易去污表面层由PTFE膜制成。
本发明的部分实施方案中，所述基底层由仿棉绒底布、纺织布、针织布、拉毛底布中的至少一种制成。
本发明所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1.制备中子防护层材料：按比例称取中子防护层各原料，投放到高速搅拌机中进行捏合，将捏合好的物料放入密炼机中进行密炼，将密炼好的物料在开炼机上塑炼，再将塑炼后的材料经压延成型，得到中子防护层材料；
步骤2.制备γ射线防护层材料：按步骤1的操作制得γ射线防护层材料；
步骤3.制备半成品1-1：将中子防护层材料、γ射线防护层材料中的一种与基底层材料热熔贴合，制得半成品1-1；
步骤4.雕刻和开孔：利用雕刻辊对半成品1-1、以及未贴合的防护层材料的表面分别进行凸点雕刻，再利用激光对半成品1-1、未贴合的防护层材料料别开孔；
步骤5.制备半成品1-2：将经步骤4雕刻和开孔的半成品1-1、及未贴合的防护层材料用贴合机进行热贴合，得到半成品1-2；
步骤6.贴合易去污表面层：采用贴合机，利用热熔胶网膜将PTFE膜与步骤5制得的半成品1-2复合，得到所述核辐射防护服用复合材料。
本发明的部分实施方案中，所述步骤1中，捏合温度为80～120℃，捏合时间为10～15min；或/和密炼温度120～150℃，密炼时间为2～4min；或/和塑炼温度130～140℃。
本发明的技术方案中，当所述辐射防护功能层大于两层时，先制备各防护层材料，然后将各防护层材料按设计顺序相互热贴合，最终形成两份防护层材料，再按上述步骤3-6制备核辐射防护服用复合材料。
本发明经试验发现，在核辐射防护服用复合材料的制备过程中，如果不雕刻凸点，直接将两层辐射防护功能层复合，上下的气体的路径就有可能被堵，并且激光开的孔很小，要把两个小孔对准，复合难度非常大。
本发明利用凸点之间的凹槽形成空腔，在辐射防护功能层中形成了类似充气的缓冲垫，有效改善了材料的手感；并且空腔部分能容纳更多的湿气，较未设置空腔、仅设置有倾斜透气孔的同等厚度的材料，能适用于更苛刻的作业环境。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明设计科学，构思巧妙，通过在辐射防护功能层中容纳气体的空腔，以及倾斜的透气孔，有利于湿气的排出。透气孔倾斜设置，避免了射线直接穿透造成的危害，透气孔与空腔的上下端连通，减小了因开孔对屏蔽材料的有效屏蔽厚度的影响。本发明的辐射防护功能层大于两层，可以同时实现多种射线的防护。如为了实现γ射线和中子的同时防护，该层材料可以由中子防护层以及γ射线防护层多层组成。
本发明采用PTFE膜作为易去污表面层，主要起到防尘、透气、易清洗、抗菌、抗油污、耐化学试剂、耐高低温等作用。基底层采用亲肤材料制成，亲肤吸汗，有利于提高舒适度。
本发明的核辐射防护服用复合面料可以直接缝制成衣，简化了传统的防护服制作工艺，不仅解决了传统防护服材料固定强度不够的问题，而且表面可以直接采用高压冲洗或者擦洗的方式去污，显著降低了去污的难度，同时由于不再需要外套，衣服整体重量降低，透气式设计保证了穿戴者体内热量以及湿气的溢出。
附图说明
附图1为本发明结构示意图；
附图2为本发明的辐射防护功能层结构示意图。
其中，附图标记对应的名称为：
1-易去污表面层，2-辐射防护功能层，3-基底层，4-空腔，5-透气孔，6-凸点，7-第一空腔槽，8-第二空腔槽。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
本实施例公开了本发明的γ射线防护层材料的原料重量配比，具体为：
表1γ射线防护层材料的原料重量配比表
Figure BDA0003034424770000061
实施例2
本实施例公开了本发明的中子防护层材料的原料重量配比，具体为：
表2中子防护层材料的原料重量配比表
Figure BDA0003034424770000062
Figure BDA0003034424770000071
实施例3
本实施例公开了本发明核辐射防护服用复合面料的制备方法，
其中，γ射线防护层材料的原料为实施例1的表1中第1组材料；中子防护层材料的原料为实施例2的表2中第1组材料。
具体制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1.制备γ射线防护层材料材料：按比例称取γ射线防护层各原料，投放到高速搅拌机中于100℃条件下捏合15min，将捏合好的物料放入密炼机中进行密炼，密炼温度130℃，密炼3min；将密炼好的物料在开炼机上于140℃条件下塑炼，再将塑炼后的材料通过压延机压延成型，压辊为光辊，得到γ射线防护层材料，厚度为2mm；
步骤2.制备中子防护层材料材料：按步骤1的操作制得中子防护层材料，厚度为1mm；
步骤3.制备半成品1-1：将γ射线防护层材料与基底层材料纺织布利用热熔胶网膜进行热熔贴合，得到半成品1-1；
步骤4.雕刻和开孔：利用雕刻辊对半成品1-1、以及中子防护层材料的表面分别进行凸点雕刻，雕刻所得凸点的高度为其对应材料厚度的1/3；再利用激光对半成品1-1、中子防护层分别开孔，具体雕刻及开孔方式如附图2所示；
步骤5.制备半成品1-2：将经步骤4雕刻和开孔的半成品1-1、及中子防护层用贴合机进行热贴合，贴合时半成品1-1与中子防护层的凸点对齐，凸点之间的凹槽(空腔槽)形成空腔，贴合完成，即得得到半成品1-2；
步骤6.贴合易去污表面层：采用贴合机，利用热熔胶网膜将PTFE膜与步骤5制得的半成品1-2复合，得到所述核辐射防护服用复合材料。
实施例4
本实施例公开了本发明核辐射防护服用复合面料的制备方法，与实施例3相比，本实施例的两层辐射防护功能层均为γ射线防护层，其余条件均相同。
实施例5
本实施例与公开了本发明核辐射防护服用复合面料的制备方法，与实施例3相比，本实施例的两层辐射防护功能层的厚度不同，分别为中子防护层0.5mm,γ射线防护层1mm，其余条件均相同。
结果发现，激光开的孔很小，要把两个小孔对准，复合难度就很大。试验例
对实施例3、制得的核辐射防护服用复合面料进行性能测试，结果如下表所示：
表3性能测试结果表
Figure BDA0003034424770000081
Figure BDA0003034424770000091
结果发现，本发明的核辐射防护服用复合材料，具有良好的力学性能、透气性能以及防辐射性能。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，从外至内依次包括易去污表面层、辐射防护功能层和基底层，其中，辐射防护功能层中设置有若干个容纳气体的空腔，辐射防护功能层的上、下表面设置有倾斜的透气孔分别与空腔的上、下端连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，所述辐射防护功能层至少有两层，包括中子防护层和γ射线防护层；
优选地，所述辐射防护功能层的厚度为0.5-5mm；
优选地，空腔高度为辐射防护功能层厚度的1/4～1/2。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，位于上层的辐射防护功能层底面设有若干条第一空腔槽，位于下层的辐射防护功能层顶面设有与第一空腔槽相对应的第二空腔槽，空腔由第一空腔槽和第二空腔槽组合而成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，所述辐射防护功能层由包括以下重量份的原料制成：PVC树脂100份，增塑剂80-100份，热稳定剂5-10份，功能填料500-800份。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，中子防护层的功能填料包括碳化硼。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，γ射线防护层的功能填料包括：钨粉、铋粉、氧化钨、氧化铋、钨铋合金粉末中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，所述增塑剂包括环氧大豆油；
或/和所述热稳定剂包括钙锌复合热稳定剂、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸镉、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二马来酸二丁基锡中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，所述易去污表面层由PTFE膜制成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料，其特征在于，所述基底层由仿棉绒底布、纺织布、针织布、拉毛底布中的至少一种制成。
10.权利要求1-9任意一项所述的一种核辐射防护服用复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1.制备中子防护层材料：按比例称取中子防护层各原料，投放到高速搅拌机中进行捏合，将捏合好的物料放入密炼机中进行密炼，将密炼好的物料在开炼机上塑炼，再将塑炼后的材料经压延成型，得到中子防护层材料；
步骤2.制备γ射线防护层材料：按步骤1的操作制得γ射线防护层材料；
步骤3.制备半成品1-1：将中子防护层材料、γ射线防护层材料中的一种与基底层材料热熔贴合，制得半成品1-1；
步骤4.雕刻和开孔：利用雕刻辊对半成品1-1、以及未贴合的防护层材料的表面分别进行凸点雕刻，再利用激光对半成品1-1、未贴合的防护层材料料别开孔；
步骤5.制备半成品1-2：将经步骤4雕刻和开孔的半成品1-1、及未贴合的防护层材料用贴合机进行热贴合，得到半成品1-2；
步骤6.贴合易去污表面层：采用贴合机，利用热熔胶网膜将PTFE膜与步骤5制得的半成品1-2复合，得到所述核辐射防护服用复合材料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中，捏合温度为80～120℃，捏合时间为10～15min；或/和密炼温度120～150℃，密炼时间为2～4min；或/和塑炼温度130～140℃。
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