CN113183565A - Preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for high-speed train - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for high-speed train Download PDF

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CN113183565A
CN113183565A CN202110622289.0A CN202110622289A CN113183565A CN 113183565 A CN113183565 A CN 113183565A CN 202110622289 A CN202110622289 A CN 202110622289A CN 113183565 A CN113183565 A CN 113183565A
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carbon fiber
copper alloy
current collecting
alloy sheet
sliding current
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CN113183565B (en
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王培�
魏凤春
赵志伟
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
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    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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    • C22C1/1073—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure, e.g. squeeze casting
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; belonging to the technical field of design and preparation of sliding current collecting materials. According to the invention, carbonized-graphitized ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and copper alloy sheets are alternately arranged and then hot-pressed to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train; the thickness of the ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth after carbonization-graphitization treatment is 0.020-0.1mm, and the thickness of the copper alloy sheet is less than or equal to 4.2 mm. The copper-impregnated carbon composite material reinforced by the ultrathin carbon fiber layer has the advantages of high electric conductivity, high heat conductivity, high strength, low cost, easiness in industrialization and the like; when the material is used as a sliding current collecting material, the material has obvious advantages. The preparation process is simple and controllable, and the obtained product has excellent performance and is convenient for industrial application.

Description

Preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for high-speed train
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; belonging to the technical field of design and preparation of sliding current collecting materials.
Background
The method comprises the following steps that in the high-speed running process of the electric power train, electric power is obtained from a contact net through a pantograph slide plate; the operation of the motor needs to ensure power transmission through stable contact of the brush and the commutator, the sliding current collecting material is a throat part of a power supply system of the train and the motor, and the friction and wear condition and stability of the sliding current collecting material have important influence on the current receiving condition and the stable operation of the train and the motor, so the performance of the sliding current collecting material has strict requirements, and roughly comprises five aspects: excellent conductive performance, good antifriction and wear resistance, sufficient mechanical strength, light weight and low cost. At present, sliding current collecting materials in service of high-speed electric locomotives and motors are mainly carbon-based composite materials, are easy to generate abnormal abrasion such as edge breakage, block falling and the like, and have defects in the aspects of mechanics and wear resistance.
In order to improve the mechanical and wear-resistant properties of carbon-based sliding plate materials, carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materials are receiving attention from researchers. The Yuan and the Deng mix copper powder or copper fiber, resin and carbon fiber, and after heating and molding, resin carbonization/impregnation treatment is carried out for a plurality of times to prepare and form, the impact strength of the copper powder or copper fiber-C/C composite material is 2-4 times of that of a carbon slide plate material, and the preparation process is simple and easy to control. The copper-impregnated carbon/carbon (copper-impregnated-C/C) composite material is prepared by taking a carbon/carbon (C/C) composite material porous body subjected to high-temperature heat treatment as a prefabricated body and impregnating a copper alloy for molding. The domestic researchers pay attention to the combination and wettability of the copper/carbon interface of the copper-impregnated-C/C composite material, Cu-Cr, Cu-Mo, Cu-Zr and Cu-Ti alloy are used as impregnating alloy to improve the wettability of the copper/carbon interface, the conductivity of the prepared copper-impregnated-C/C composite material is equivalent to that of a copper-impregnated-carbon sliding plate, and the impact strength of the prepared copper-impregnated-C/C composite material is 2.7-5.4 times of that of the copper-impregnated-carbon sliding plate. However, in order to ensure the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the carbon fiber sliding current collecting material, the carbon fiber content of the composite material needs to be controlled to be more than 20 wt%, which causes high material cost and difficult industrialization.
Through analyzing the performance of the carbon fiber sliding current collecting material, the carbon fiber bundle gathering part of the composite material is difficult to infiltrate and impregnate, so that defects are generated, the reinforcing effect of the carbon fiber cannot be fully exerted, the mechanical property of the composite material needs to be improved by improving the content of the carbon fiber, and the cost is increased. Aiming at the problems, ultrathin carbon fiber cloth is prepared by thinning carbon fibers (0.020-0.1mm), and the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth is used as a reinforcing component to reduce the formation of closed pores of a composite material and fully play the role of reinforcing the carbon fibers; the copper alloy-C/C sliding current collecting material is prepared by copper alloy powder compact, ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth and copper alloy sheet lamination and hot-pressing sintering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the toughness and the wear resistance of the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material by improving the compactness of the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material, and provides a preparation method of the high-performance carbon fiber sliding current collecting material, which has the advantages of simple and easily-controlled preparation process and low cost.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; the method comprises the following steps:
alternately arranging carbonized-graphitized ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and copper alloy sheets, and then carrying out hot pressing to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train; the thickness of the ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth after carbonization-graphitization treatment is 0.020-0.1mm, and the thickness of the copper alloy sheet is less than or equal to 4.2 mm. When the carbon fiber cloth is thick (more than 0.1mm), it is difficult to sufficiently impregnate the carbon fiber cloth with the resin and the alloy and penetrate the cloth, and the reinforcing effect of the carbon fiber cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
Preferably, the thickness of the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth after the carbonization-graphitization treatment is 0.04-0.08 mm.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; the ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth after carbonization-graphitization treatment is prepared by the following process: expanding the carbon fiber bundle and brushing resin; or expanding, weaving and brushing the carbon fiber bundle with resin, and controlling the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the resin to be 1:4-5:1 to obtain the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth;
then, carrying out graphitization treatment to obtain graphitized ultrathin carbon fiber cloth;
wherein the carbonization technological parameters are as follows: the room temperature is 180 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 70-90 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8-16 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; at 650-A ℃, the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept at A ℃ for 2-4 hours; the value of A is 835-850;
the graphitization process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 1600 ℃ and 2800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30min-5 h.
As a preferred scheme, expanding the carbon fiber bundles and brushing resin; or expanding and weaving the carbon fiber bundle, brushing and coating resin, and controlling the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the resin to be 1: 3-6 to obtain the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth. Still more preferably; the mass ratio of the carbon fibers to the resin is 1: 4-5.
As the preferred scheme, the invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; the thickness of the copper alloy sheet is about 0.5 to 4mm, preferably 0.75 to 1.8mm, and more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 mm. In the invention, the copper alloy sheet is too thin, so that the copper alloy sheet is not easy to be pressed and formed, and the copper alloy in the composite material is difficult to fully impregnate the carbon fiber layer; when the copper alloy sheet is too thick, the material structure is uneven, the carbon fiber content is low, and the mechanical property of the composite material is insufficient.
As the preferred scheme, the invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-M; and M is selected from at least one of silicon, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, aluminum and nickel.
More preferably, the material of the copper alloy sheet is Cu — M, wherein the mass ratio of Cu: m is 20-95: 5 to 80. More preferably, the Cu-M content is 65% by mass or more of Cu.
Preferably, the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-M, wherein M is at least one selected from Ti, Si, Sn, Mo and Ni.
More preferably, the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-M; the M is prepared from Si, Ni, Sn and Ti (or Cr and Mo) in a mass ratio of 1-15: 5-30: 1-30: 5 to 25.
More preferably, the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Ti; and the mass ratio of Cu to Ti is 4-5: 1.
More preferably, the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Ti-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Ti and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2.
More preferably, the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Si-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Si and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2.
More preferably, the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Ni-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Ni and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2.
More preferably, the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Mo-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Mo and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; has a certain porosity. Preferably, the porosity is 2% or more and 11.5% or less. More preferably, the porosity is 5% to 7.5%.
As a further preferable scheme, the copper alloy sheet is prepared by the following process:
the copper powder and the M powder are mixed according to a set proportion, are uniformly mixed after ball milling, and are molded by die pressing, and the thickness of a copper alloy sheet is 0.5-5 mm; and (5) pressing and forming by adopting a hydraulic press. Firstly, transferring the alloy powder into a die, adding 20-700MPa of pressure, and maintaining the pressure for 3-10 min. The process is repeated for a plurality of times to carry out re-pressing, and finally the formed copper alloy sheet is prepared. The particle size of the copper powder is selected to be 100-2000 meshes, and the particle size of the M powder is selected to be 500-3000 meshes. The ball powder ratio in the ball milling process is 2-4: 1, the rotation speed is 150-.
As a further preferred scheme, the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet are sequentially overlapped layer by layer, transferred into a sintering furnace, and introduced with N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the copper alloy is heated to the melting point of the copper alloy, the pressure is 0.5 to 100MPa, the temperature and pressure are preserved, the infiltration is carried out, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained. The invention controls the copper alloy content in the copper alloy-C/C composite material by controlling the lamination mode and the frequency, and controls the sintering temperature and the sintering pressure to realize infiltration filling of the copper alloy to the composite material gap.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train; the bending strength of the obtained product is 130-180 MPa, and the impact strength is 3.5-4.8 kj/m2The resistivity is 0.35 to 0.74 mu omega.m;
under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.185-0.267, and the wear rate is 4.5-6.5 mm/10000 km.
Advantages and positive effects of the invention
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the copper alloy-C/C sliding current collecting material is prepared by adopting a mould pressing, laminating and hot-pressing sintering method, the preparation process of the composite material is simple and easy to control, the requirement on preparation instruments is low, and the industrialization is easy to realize.
(2) The ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth is taken as a reinforcing component, and the carbon fiber is utilized to improve the mechanical property and the wear resistance of the carbon-based or copper-based sliding current collecting material; meanwhile, the problem that carbon fiber bundles are difficult to permeate is solved, the compactness of the composite material is improved, the carbon fiber reinforcement effect is fully exerted, the carbon fiber content of the current carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material is reduced under the condition of sacrificing the mechanical property and the wear-resisting property of the current carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material, and further the comprehensive cost of the composite material is reduced.
The method of laminating the ultrathin carbon fiber layer and the copper alloy plate is beneficial to effective regulation and control of the components of the composite material and uniform dispersion of the copper alloy, and the thickness of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is easy to control and can be in a millimeter level to a meter level; the copper alloy improves the wettability of a copper/carbon interface, and the copper alloy-C/C composite material has excellent compactness, electric conductivity, heat conductivity, mechanics and frictional wear performance, and is a sliding current collecting material with good market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a representation of an ultra-thin carbon fiber layer;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a process contemplated by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the copper alloy-C/C composite and the structure of the sample obtained in example 5;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the surface morphology of the copper alloy-C/C composite material after a current-carrying frictional wear test of the copper alloy-C/C composite material obtained in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 1 as a function of time;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 2 as a function of time;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 3 as a function of time;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 4 as a function of time;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 5 as a function of time;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 6 as a function of time;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 7 as a function of time;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in comparative example 1 as a function of time.
In fig. 1, (a) and (b) are photographs of unidirectional carbon fiber cloth; (c) cross carbon fiber cloth photo; (d) sample optical microscope laminated with 12 carbon fiber thin cloth with thickness of 0.02 mm. The macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the ultra-thin carbon fiber layer can be seen in fig. 1.
The flow of the preparation of the copper alloy-C/C composite material can be seen in FIG. 2.
In FIG. 3, a is a macro-morphology image, and b is a micro-morphology image, and the structure morphology of the copper alloy-C/C composite material can be seen from FIG. 3.
FIG. 4 shows the surface morphology of the copper alloy-C/C composite material after the current-carrying frictional wear test of the copper alloy-C/C composite material obtained in example 2.
From FIG. 5, the dynamic coefficient of friction of the product obtained in example 1 over time can be seen;
FIG. 6 shows the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in example 2 with time;
FIG. 7 is the dynamic coefficient of friction of the product obtained in example 3 over time;
FIG. 8 is the dynamic coefficient of friction of the product obtained in example 4 over time;
FIG. 9 is the dynamic coefficient of friction of the product obtained in example 5 over time;
FIG. 10 is the dynamic coefficient of friction of the product obtained in example 6 over time;
FIG. 11 is the dynamic coefficient of friction of the product obtained in example 7 over time;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the dynamic friction coefficient of the product obtained in comparative example 1 with time.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an airflow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be 1: 3; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 2200 ℃, preserving the heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the thin film carbon fiber cloth is about 0.040 mm. Copper powder and titanium powder metal powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, and the particle size of the titanium powder is 800 meshes), and are uniformly mixed after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 3: 1, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, and the time is 6 hours); then transferring into a die, adding 200MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 1.7 mm. Ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth and copper alloy sheetAlternately overlapping according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 950 ℃, the pressure is added to 5MPa, the temperature and the pressure are kept for 50min, and the copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained after cooling.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 10.6 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 16.8 vol%, the copper alloy content is 65.3 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 8.5%. The bending strength and the impact strength of the composite material are 181.7MPa and 4.3kj/m respectively2The resistivity was 0.47. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.267, the wear rate is 5.8mm/10000km, and various indexes meet the requirements of the sliding plate for the modern electric locomotive.
Example 2
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an air flow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be about 1: 4; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 2200 ℃, preserving the heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the thin film carbon fiber cloth is about 0.055 mm.
Copper powder, titanium powder and tin powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the titanium powder and the particle size of the tin powder is 1000 meshes), and the mixture is evenly mixed after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 3: 1, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, and the time is 6 h); then transferring into a die, adding 150MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 0.95 mm. Alternately superposing the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring the carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 950 ℃, the pressure is added to 3MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1.5h, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 12.8 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 20.1 vol%, the copper alloy content is 61.2 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 7.3%. Flexural strength and impact of composite materialsThe strength is 155.7MPa and 4.5kj/m respectively2The resistivity was 0.38. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.231, the wear rate is 4.5mm/10000km, and each index meets the requirements of the sliding plate for the modern electric locomotive. The morphology of the friction surface is shown in fig. 4, the friction surface is smooth, and a continuous carbon friction layer is formed.
Example 3
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an air flow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be about 1: 4; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 2500 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the thin film carbon fiber cloth is about 0.051 mm.
Copper powder, silicon powder and tin powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the silicon powder and the tin powder is 1000 meshes), and the mixture is uniformly mixed after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 3: 1, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, and the time is 6 h); then transferring into a die, adding 150MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 1.15 mm. Alternately superposing the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring the carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 850 ℃, the pressure is added to 5MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1.5h, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 13.3 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 19.7 vol%, the copper alloy content is 60.5 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 30.42%. The bending strength and the impact strength of the composite material are 161.4MPa and 3.6kj/m respectively2The resistivity was 0.43. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.185, the wear rate is 6.3mm/10000km, and all indexes meet the requirements of the sliding plate for the modern electric locomotive.
Example 4
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an air flow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be about 1: 6; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 2200 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the thin film carbon fiber cloth is about 0.065 mm.
Copper powder, silicon powder and tin powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the silicon powder and the tin powder is 1000 meshes), and the mixture is uniformly mixed after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 3: 1, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, and the time is 6 h); then transferring into a die, adding 150MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 0.88 mm. Alternately superposing the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring the carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 850 ℃, the pressure is added to 5MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1.5h, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 14.1 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 26.7 vol%, the copper alloy content is 51.8 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 10.78%. The bending strength and the impact strength of the composite material are 177.4MPa and 4.8kj/m respectively2The resistivity was 0.43. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.235, the wear rate is 5.7mm/10000km, and each index meets the requirements of the sliding plate for the modern electric locomotive.
Example 5
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an air flow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be about 1: 6; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 2200 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the thin film carbon fiber cloth is about 0.08 mm.
Mixing copper powder, nickel powder and tin powder according to a mass ratio of 4:1:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the nickel powder and the particle size of the tin powder is 1000 meshes), and uniformly mixing after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 3: 1, the rotating speed is 250 revolutions per minute, and the time is 8 hours); then transferring into a die, adding 150MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 0.75 mm. Alternately superposing the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring the carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 830 ℃, the pressure is added to 5MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1.5h, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 13.4 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 28.5 vol%, the copper alloy content is 46.8 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 6.31%. The bending strength and the impact strength of the composite material are 151.4MPa and 3.9kj/m respectively2The resistivity was 0.74. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.217, the wear rate is 6.1mm/10000km, and all indexes meet the requirements of the sliding plate for the modern electric locomotive.
Example 6
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an air flow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be about 1: 4; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 2200 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the thin film carbon fiber cloth is about 0.050 mm.
Copper powder, molybdenum powder and tin powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the molybdenum powder and the particle size of the tin powder is 1000 meshes), and the mixture is uniformly mixed after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 4:1, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, and the time is 4 hours); then transferring into a die, adding 150MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 0.95 mm. The ultrathin carbon fiber cloth is thinned with copper alloyAlternately stacking the slices according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 930 ℃, the pressure is added to 5MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1h, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 12.6 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 20.7 vol%, the copper alloy content is 61.6 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 8.33%. The bending strength and the impact strength of the composite material are 171.4MPa and 4.6kj/m respectively2The resistivity was 0.35. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.240, the wear rate is 6.5mm/10000km, and all indexes meet the requirements of the sliding plate for the modern electric locomotive.
Example 7
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber cross cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an air flow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be about 1: 5; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 2500 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the carbon fiber cloth film is about 0.045 mm.
Copper powder, silicon powder and tin powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the silicon powder and the tin powder is 1000 meshes), and the mixture is uniformly mixed after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 4:1, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, and the time is 4 hours); then transferring into a die, adding 150MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 1.05 mm. Alternately superposing the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring the carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 950 ℃, the pressure is added to 3MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1.5h, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 9.8 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 21.3 vol%, the copper alloy content is 59.5 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 39.46%. Bending strength of composite material andthe impact strength is respectively 154.4MPa and 3.5kj/m2The resistivity was 0.67. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.202, the wear rate is 5.6mm/10000km, and all indexes meet the requirements of the sliding plate for the modern electric locomotive.
Comparative example 1
Preparing ultrathin carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with the epoxy resin content of 40 vol% by adopting an airflow method, brushing furan resin, and controlling the volume ratio of carbon fiber to resin to be 1: 3; then transferring the mixture into a carbonization furnace, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; the heating rate is 12 ℃/h at the temperature of 650 plus 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 845 ℃; and (6) completing carbonization. And finally, transferring the carbon fiber cloth into a graphitization furnace, heating to 1500 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and carrying out graphitization treatment, wherein the thickness of the thin film carbon fiber cloth is about 0.10 mm. Copper powder, nickel powder and titanium powder metal powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1 (the particle size of the copper powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the nickel powder and the titanium powder is 1000 meshes), and are uniformly mixed after ball milling (the ball powder ratio is 3: 1, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, and the time is 6 h); then transferring into a die, adding 200MPa pressure, maintaining the pressure for 3min, repeating the process for a plurality of times to prepare the copper alloy sheet with the thickness of about 4.5 mm. Alternately superposing the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet according to the ratio of 1:1 (contact area), transferring the carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the temperature is heated to 950 ℃, the pressure is added to 3MPa, the temperature and the pressure are kept for 60min, and the copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained after cooling.
The carbon fiber content of the copper alloy-C/C composite material is about 8.6 vol%, the resin carbon content is about 16.8 vol%, the copper alloy content is 65.6 vol%, the balance is pores, and the graphitization degree is 0%. The bending strength and the impact strength of the composite material are 133.7MPa and 1.51kj/m respectively2The resistivity was 0.25. mu. omega. m. Under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.325, the wear rate is 8.77mm/10000km, and the mechanical property and the frictional wear property of the copper alloy-C/C composite material are poor.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for a high-speed train is characterized in that; the method comprises the following steps:
alternately arranging carbonized-graphitized ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and copper alloy sheets, and then carrying out hot pressing to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train; the thickness of the ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth after carbonization-graphitization treatment is 0.020-0.1mm, and the thickness of the copper alloy sheet is less than or equal to 4.2 mm.
2. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the thickness of the ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth after carbonization-graphitization treatment is 0.04-0.08 mm.
3. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the ultra-thin carbon fiber cloth after carbonization-graphitization treatment is prepared by the following process: expanding the carbon fiber bundle and brushing resin; or expanding, weaving and brushing the carbon fiber bundle with resin, and controlling the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the resin to be 1:4-5:1 to obtain the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth;
then, carrying out graphitization treatment to obtain graphitized ultrathin carbon fiber cloth;
wherein the carbonization technological parameters are as follows: the room temperature is 180 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 70-90 ℃/h; the heating rate is 8-16 ℃/h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 600 ℃; at 650-A ℃, the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept at A ℃ for 2-4 hours; the value of A is 835-850;
the graphitization process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 1600 ℃ and 2800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30min-5 h.
4. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 3; the method is characterized in that: expanding the carbon fiber bundle and brushing resin; or expanding and weaving the carbon fiber bundle, brushing and coating resin, and controlling the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the resin to be 1: 3-6 to obtain the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth.
5. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the thickness of the copper alloy sheet is about 0.5 to 4mm, preferably 0.75 to 1.8mm, and more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 mm.
6. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-M; and M is selected from at least one of silicon, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, aluminum and nickel.
7. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 6; the method is characterized in that: the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-M, wherein the mass ratio of Cu: m is 20-95: 5 to 80. More preferably, the Cu-M content is 65% by mass or more of Cu.
8. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-M, wherein M is at least one selected from Ti, Si, Sn, Mo and Ni.
9. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that:
the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Ti; the mass ratio of Cu to Ti is 4-5: 1; or the like, or, alternatively,
the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Ti-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Ti and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2; or the like, or, alternatively,
the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Si-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Si and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2; or the like, or, alternatively,
the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Ni-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Ni and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2; or the like, or, alternatively,
the copper alloy sheet is made of Cu-Mo-Sn; and the mass ratio of Cu, Mo and Sn is 4-5: 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2.
10. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced sliding current collecting material for the high-speed train according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that:
sequentially superposing the ultrathin carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet layer by layer, transferring the carbon fiber cloth and the copper alloy sheet into a sintering furnace, and introducing N2Or Ar is used as protective gas, the copper alloy is heated to the melting point of the copper alloy, the pressure is 0.5 to 100MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining infiltration is carried out, and the cooled copper alloy-C/C composite material is obtained; the bending strength of the obtained product is 130-180 MPa, and the impact strength is 3.5-4.8 kj/m2The resistivity is 0.35 to 0.74 mu omega.m; under the conditions of 50A, 100km/h and 90N load, the friction coefficient of the composite material is 0.185-0.267, and the wear rate is 4.5-6.5 mm/10000 km.
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