CN114654822A - Preparation method of bionic layered structure metal-based composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of bionic layered structure metal-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/42—Alternating layers, e.g. ABAB(C), AABBAABB(C)
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- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a bionic layered structure metal-based composite material, which comprises the following steps: s1, fiber pretreatment: pretreating the surface of the target fiber to form a metal coating; s2, preparing woven cloth: weaving the pretreated fibers into planar cloth with N × N pieces/cm; s3, coating treatment: fully mixing metal powder and a binder, and uniformly coating the mixture on a flat cloth to obtain a coating woven cloth; s4, surface treatment: processing the surface of the sheet metal and then airing to obtain a metal matrix; s5, laminating: laminating the coating woven cloth and the metal matrix in an alternating mode, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the final laminated product are both the metal matrix to obtain a laminated plate; s6, pressing: pressurizing the laminated plate to obtain a pressboard; s7, sintering: and sintering the pressing plate in an inert atmosphere. The method has simple flow and less equipment investment, is suitable for large-scale production, and realizes the preparation of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to preparation of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a bionic layered structure metal-based composite material.
Background
Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are generally Composites composed of a Metal as a continuous phase and high strength heterogeneous particles, fibers or whiskers as a reinforcing phase. With the rapid development of modern industry, the MMCs are increasingly widely applied in the fields of aerospace, aviation, electronics, energy, traffic and other major engineering due to the advantages of light weight, high specific modulus, high specific strength, high temperature resistance, friction resistance, wear resistance, good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high dimensional stability, low thermal expansion coefficient and the like.
On the basis of the intrinsic performance of the metal material, the metal-based composite material transfers the load to the introduced reinforcement through the deformation coordination effect of the interface of the metal-based composite material, and further realizes the purpose of improving the structural performance of the material through the synergistic coupling effect between the interface and the interface. However, research has shown that the uniformly dispersed reinforcing phase improves the strength and rigidity of the composite material, and simultaneously sacrifices part of intrinsic properties of the matrix material, namely, the properties such as plasticity, toughness and damage tolerance limit are reduced, and the phenomenon is more obvious along with the increase of the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase. The reason is that along with the increase of the reinforcement and the phase interface, the nonuniformity of load distribution and the incongruity of deformation in the composite material are more obvious, cracks are easy to be initiated and expanded at the phase interface, the further improvement of the performance of the composite material is restricted, and the use scene of the metal matrix composite material is limited. The layered metal matrix composite has excellent performance in plasticity, toughness, damage tolerance and other performances due to the unique shell bionic structure.
The existing preparation method of the layered metal matrix composite mainly has the following problems: 1. the process is complicated, the flow is more, and the period is longer. 2. Continuous fiber reinforced composites cannot be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a bionic layered structure metal-based composite material, which aims to solve the problems that the existing preparation method of the layered metal-based composite material has the following steps: the process is complicated, the flow is more, the period is longer, and the continuous fiber reinforced composite material can not be prepared.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a bionic layered structure metal-based composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, fiber pretreatment: pretreating the surface of the target fiber to form a metal coating;
s2, preparing woven cloth: weaving the pretreated fibers into planar cloth with N × N pieces/cm;
s3, coating treatment: fully mixing metal powder and a binder, and uniformly coating the mixture on a flat cloth to obtain a coating woven cloth;
s4, surface treatment: processing the surface of the sheet metal and then airing to obtain a metal matrix;
s5, laminating: laminating the coating woven cloth and the metal matrix in an alternating mode, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of a final laminated product are both the metal matrix to obtain a laminated plate;
s6, pressing: pressurizing the laminated plate to obtain a pressboard;
s7, sintering: and sintering the pressing plate in an inert atmosphere.
Further, the target fiber of step S1 includes: at least one of alumina fiber, quartz fiber, basalt fiber, silicon carbide fiber, carbon fiber, polyethylene fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber.
Further, the metal coating of step S1 includes: at least one of gold, nickel, copper, silver and iron metal coating.
Further, in step S2, the value of N is 3 to 10.
Further, the metal powder of step S3 includes: at least one of aluminum and tin metal powder.
Further, the adhesive of step S3 includes: at least one of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, silica sol, PVA solution, starch, hydroxy aluminum sol, tetrahydrofuran, cyanoacrylate, vegetable oil, rosin, dextrin, water glass and furan resin.
Further, in terms of mass ratio, the mass ratio of the metal powder to the binder in step S3 is, where the metal powder: binder 0.5-5: 1.
Further, the thickness of the coating layer of the coating woven cloth in the step S3 is 0.8-5 mm.
Further, the pressurization processing in step S6 includes: applying pressure of 5-50MPa to the laminated plate, and maintaining the pressure for 20-100 min.
Further, the sintering method under inert atmosphere in step S7 includes: firstly, maintaining the pressure of 5-10MPa applied to the pressed plate, and replacing the ambient atmosphere of the pressed plate to be sintered with inert gas; then vacuumizing to 0.1-10 Pa; finally, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃, and sintering is carried out for 2-10h, thus completing the sintering operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method obviously optimizes the process steps, and processing equipment adopted in each step is more traditional process equipment, so that the method is low in industrialization difficulty and suitable for large-scale and industrialized production of the bionic layered structure metal-based composite material.
2. According to the invention, the metal powder and the binder are mixed to be used as fillers among the laminated layers, so that the compactness of the prepared composite material after sintering is ensured.
3. The invention takes the fiber woven cloth after modification treatment as the reinforcing phase, and realizes the two-dimensional plane continuous distribution of the reinforcing phase.
4. The invention has no clear requirements for the metal-based configuration of a plane plate, and even a profiled bar can realize the reinforcement treatment in the same way by attaching the modified fiber woven cloth. Therefore, the invention realizes the controllability of the composite configuration of the metal-based composite material with the bionic layered structure and can directly produce and prepare the special-shaped component.
5. The invention can realize the controllable adjustment of the distribution and the content of the reinforced phase by adjusting the layer number and the position of the fiber woven cloth, the product type is not single any more, the corresponding configuration adjustment can be carried out according to the requirement, and the adjustment is very convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation method of the bionic layered structure metal-based composite material of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and technical effects to be solved by the present invention more clear and clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
The final performance of the metal matrix composite material not only depends on the types and the proportions of the matrix and the reinforcement, but also has important correlation with the distribution mode of the reinforcement in the matrix and the size of the material. For example:
the patent: a two-dimensional material reinforced metal matrix composite and a continuous preparation method thereof, CN201910822067.6, the process is as follows: depositing a single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional material (a planar continuous phase) on the surface of the metal foil by adopting a roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition process to form a composite foil; in the deposition process, the composite foil is wound on an inner die at one end of the deposition equipment layer by layer through roll-to-roll transmission; coating an outer mold outside the coiled composite foil, and vacuumizing; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the composite foil, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the bulk metal matrix composite. The parallel arrangement of the two-dimensional materials in the metal matrix is realized, but equipment required by preparation is precise and expensive, the process flow is complicated, and meanwhile, operators have higher professional level due to the requirements of temperature and process technology.
The patent: a preparation method of a metal matrix composite material for aerospace, CN 201711059256.X, ZrB2Ball-milling and mixing the powder, Ti powder and Nb powder to prepare mixed powder; then putting the mixed powder into a mould coated with boron nitride and absolute ethyl alcohol, pressing and molding, and then carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering to obtain different ZrB2Enhanced niobium titanium-based composite material with powder content; different ZrB2The powder-content enhanced niobium-titanium agent composite material is sequentially used as an upper surface layer, a sandwich layer and a lower surface layer and placed in a graphite mold, the layers are bonded by epoxy resin, then pressure of 15-20MPa is applied to the graphite mold, compression molding is carried out, and then drying and demolding are carried out, so that the metal-based composite material for aerospace is prepared. The preparation process only prepares the particle reinforced composite material, and has longer period and more complicated working procedures.
The patent: the preparation method of the graphene reinforced metal matrix composite material, CN 201110261902.7, comprises the following steps: firstly, graphene oxide is dispersed on the surface of sheet metal powder, then graphene/metal composite powder is obtained through reduction treatment, and finally densification treatment is carried out through a powder metallurgy process, so that a dense graphene reinforced metal-based composite material is obtained. The flaky metal powder has a planar two-dimensional form, tends to form a laminated structure by 'directional stacking', and is beneficial to inducing graphene orientation distribution and exerting a reinforcing effect. The method has high requirements on raw materials (the matrix can only be sheet metal powder), the preparation process steps are more and complicated, only the particle (powder) reinforced composite material can be prepared, and the large-scale industrial production cannot be realized.
In order to simplify the process difficulty of the metal-based composite material with the bionic layered structure and realize large-scale production and controllable composite configuration of the composite material, the application provides a preparation method of the metal-based composite material with the bionic layered structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, fiber pretreatment: pretreating the surface of the target fiber to form a metal coating;
s2, preparing woven cloth: weaving the pretreated fibers into planar cloth with N × N pieces/cm;
s3, coating treatment: fully mixing metal powder and a binder, and uniformly coating the mixture on a flat cloth to obtain a coating woven cloth;
s4, surface treatment: processing the surface of the sheet metal and then airing to obtain a metal matrix;
s5, laminating: laminating the coating woven cloth and the metal matrix in an alternating mode, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of a final laminated product are both the metal matrix to obtain a laminated plate;
s6, pressing: pressurizing the laminated plate to obtain a pressboard;
s7, sintering: and sintering the pressing plate in an inert atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the method obviously optimizes the process steps, and processing equipment adopted in each step is more traditional process equipment, so that the method is low in industrialization difficulty and suitable for large-scale and industrialized production of the bionic layered structure metal-based composite material. 2. According to the invention, the metal powder and the binder are mixed to be used as fillers between the laminated layers, so that the compactness of the prepared composite material after sintering is ensured. 3. The invention takes the fiber woven cloth after modification treatment as the reinforcing phase, and realizes the two-dimensional plane continuous distribution of the reinforcing phase. 4. The invention has no clear plane plate requirements for the configuration of the metal base, and can realize the reinforcement treatment by the way of adhering the modified fiber woven cloth even for the profiled bar. Therefore, the invention realizes the controllability of the composite configuration of the metal-based composite material with the bionic layered structure and can directly produce and prepare the special-shaped component. 5. The invention can realize the controllable adjustment of the distribution and the content of the reinforced phase by adjusting the layer number and the position of the fiber woven cloth, the product type is not single any more, the corresponding configuration adjustment can be carried out according to the requirement, and the adjustment is very convenient.
In addition, at the stage of the structural design of the material disclosed by the patent, the material is inspired by lamellar materials such as shell/bamboo fiber and the like, and the design has obvious simulated biological structural properties, so that the material disclosed by the invention is called as a bionic material. The metal matrix composite material prepared by the invention has an obvious lamellar structure in performance, and realizes the two-dimensional planar continuous distribution of the reinforcing phase. The metal material prepared by the traditional process is isotropic in performance and does not have the layered bionic characteristic of lamellar distribution.
The present invention exemplarily provides a preprocessing method of step S1, including using: and carrying out surface treatment on the fiber by one of magnetron sputtering, electroplating and liquid-phase chemical plating.
The present invention illustratively provides a target fiber comprising: at least one of alumina fiber, quartz fiber, basalt fiber, silicon carbide fiber, carbon fiber, polyethylene fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber. The target fiber is the reinforcement of the metal-based material, and the bionic layered structure metal-based composite material is constructed by adopting the mode of alternately arranging the metal base material and the fiber cloth, so that even if the original fiber which has poor compatibility with the metal base but high strength can be used as the reinforcement of the metal base by adopting the preparation method disclosed by the invention to play a role in reinforcing the metal, and the negative reinforcement caused by the compatibility problem of the fiber and the metal does not exist.
The present invention illustratively provides a metal coating comprising: at least one of gold, nickel, copper and silver metal coating. The surface of the target fiber is sprayed or plated with a metal coating, so that the surface property of the fiber can be obviously improved, the fiber surface and the metal base material can have certain compatibility when the fiber is pressed in the later period, and the bonding effect of the fiber surface and the metal base material is improved.
Exemplary values of N for the present invention are 3-10. The warp and weft density of the woven cloth directly influences the enhancement effect on the metal matrix. Although the strength amplification effect of the excessively dense longitude and latitude is more obvious, the performances of the materials such as plasticity, toughness and damage tolerance limit can be seriously influenced, and the further application of the layered composite material is limited. The too sparse longitude and latitude are difficult to achieve the due enhancement effect. Therefore, through research, the warp and weft density of the woven cloth is N x N/cm, wherein the value of N is 3-10. In this case, the woven fabric can maintain the good plasticity, toughness and damage tolerance of the composite material on the basis of providing a sufficient reinforcing effect.
The present invention illustratively provides a metal powder comprising: at least one of aluminum and tin metal powder. According to the invention, metal powder is added into the adhesive, so that on one hand, during low-temperature processing, the fiber cloth can be firmly adhered and fixed with the metal base material, and the problem that the reinforcing effect is reduced due to the fact that the fiber cloth and the metal base material slide mutually to guide reinforcing phase dislocation and the like is avoided. On the other hand, when the adhesive containing the metal powder of the present invention is subjected to a high temperature during sintering, the adhesive is decomposed by heat and the metal powder is promoted to melt, and a metal mixed liquid mixed with residual carbon is formed and filled between the fiber cloth and the surface of the metal base material. And after sintering, cooling the metal mixed liquid, so that the fiber cloth is firmly fixed on the metal base material, and the stable bonding of the reinforcing phase and the metal base material is realized. If the adhesive is used directly without adding metal powder, the fiber cloth can be stably bonded with the metal base material during cold working. However, the binder is pyrolyzed into carbon residue after sintering, which affects the bonding effect between the reinforcing phase and the metal substrate.
The present invention illustratively provides an adhesive comprising: at least one of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, silica sol, PVA solution, starch, hydroxy aluminum sol, tetrahydrofuran, cyanoacrylate, vegetable oil, rosin, dextrin, water glass and furan resin.
An exemplary mass ratio of the metal powder to the binder of the present invention is, the metal powder: binder 0.5-5: 1.
The bonding effect between the fiber cloth and the metal matrix can be firmer by the bonding agent obtained by mixing the metal powder and the bonding agent in a specific ratio.
The coating thickness of the exemplary coated woven fabric of the present invention is 0.8 to 5 mm. The coating thickness is not suitable to be too high or too low, and the too high coating thickness can cause a brittle carbon residue layer to be formed between the fiber cloth and the metal substrate after sintering, so that the bonding effect between the fiber cloth and the metal substrate is reduced, and the stability of the composite material is not facilitated. Too low a coating thickness may not stably bond the woven cloth to the metal substrate, and may also affect the stability of the composite material.
The present invention exemplarily provides a surface treatment method, including: the surface of the metal-based material is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning or alcohol cleaning.
The invention provides a pressurization processing method, which comprises the following steps: applying pressure of 5-50MPa to the laminated plate, and maintaining the pressure for 20-100 min.
The invention exemplarily provides a method for sintering under inert atmosphere, which comprises the following steps: firstly, maintaining the pressure of 5-10MPa applied to the pressing plate, and replacing the ambient atmosphere of the pressing plate to be sintered with inert gas; then vacuumizing to 0.1-10 Pa; finally, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃, and sintering is carried out for 2-10h, thus completing the sintering operation.
To explain the technical solution of the present application in more detail, the following describes the present application in more detail with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1:
and (3) pretreating the alumina fiber by adopting a magnetron sputtering mode to form a metallic nickel coating on the surface of the alumina fiber. And weaving the aluminum oxide fiber after being plated into plain weave cloth by using a modified weaving machine. The warp and weft density was set to 3X 3 pieces/cm. The aluminum powder and the binder (3 wt% PVA solution) are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then are uniformly coated on the prepared woven cloth, and the thickness of the coating is 1 mm. And selecting an aluminum plate with the thickness of 3mm, treating the surface of the base metal by adopting ultrasonic cleaning, and airing for later use. And (3) laminating the woven cloth subjected to coating treatment and a metal sheet in an interactive mode, wherein the fiber cloth comprises 4 layers, and the metal aluminum plate comprises 5 layers to form a sandwich structure. Applying 10MPa pressure, and keeping the pressure for 30 min. And (3) carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the prepared laminated layer in a nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ for 1h, keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 4h, and cooling the laminated layer to room temperature along with a furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.1 Pa.
Example 2:
and (3) pretreating the quartz fiber by adopting an electroplating mode to form a metal copper coating on the surface of the quartz fiber. And weaving the coated quartz fiber into plain cloth by using a modified weaving machine. The thread count was set to 5 × 5 threads/cm. And (3) fully mixing the metallic tin powder and the binder (epoxy resin) according to the mass ratio of 5:1, and uniformly coating the mixture on the prepared woven cloth, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5 mm. Selecting a copper plate with the thickness of 4mm, treating the surface of the matrix metal by adopting ultrasonic cleaning, and airing for later use. And (3) laminating the woven cloth subjected to coating treatment and the metal sheet in an interactive mode, wherein 5 layers of fiber cloth and 6 layers of metal copper plates form a sandwich structure. Applying pressure of 20MPa, and keeping the pressure for 25 min. And (3) carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the prepared laminated layer in a helium atmosphere, keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 2h, keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 4h, keeping the vacuum degree at 10Pa, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace.
Example 3:
and (3) pretreating the basalt fiber in a chemical plating mode to form a metal copper coating on the surface of the basalt fiber. And weaving the basalt fiber after the coating into plain weave cloth by using a modified weaving machine. The unit of latitude and longitude was set to 6 × 6 pieces/cm. The metal aluminum powder and the binder (3 wt% of hydroxyl aluminum sol) are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1, and then the mixture is uniformly coated on the prepared woven cloth, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.8 mm. And selecting a copper plate with the thickness of 3mm, treating the surface of the base metal by adopting ultrasonic cleaning, and airing for later use. And (3) laminating the woven cloth subjected to coating treatment and the metal sheet in an interactive mode, wherein 6 layers of fiber cloth and 7 layers of metal copper plates form a sandwich structure. Applying pressure of 15MPa, and keeping the pressure for 35 min. And (3) carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the prepared laminated layer in a helium atmosphere, keeping the sintering temperature at 450 ℃ for 2h, keeping the sintering temperature at 950 ℃ for 3h, keeping the vacuum degree at 20Pa, and then cooling the laminated layer to the room temperature along with a furnace.
Comparative example 1
The remaining steps and procedure were the same as in example 1, with the binder being a 3 wt% PVA solution, without the addition of metal aluminum powder.
Comparative example 2
The remaining steps and process were the same as in example 1, wherein the alumina fibers were not pretreated with a metallic nickel coating on the fiber surface.
The relevant performance parameters of the product are tested by adopting the following test method:
bonding strength of the reinforcing phase to the metal base material: the bond Strength Test was carried out according to the Test standards "Standard Test Method for Peel or taping Strength of Adhesive Bonds" [ ASTM D903-1998(2010) ].
Strength of the material: the tensile strength is measured according to the standard test method for tensile properties of the fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material (ASTM D3552-1996 (2007)).
TABLE 1 composite Performance data obtained by the examples and comparative examples
| Serial number | Adhesive strength (Mpa) | Tensile strength (MPa) |
| Example 1 | 85.3 | 278.8 |
| Example 2 | 81.3 | 261.5 |
| Example 3 | 69.6 | 260.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8.2 | 125.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 16.5 | 109.1 |
As can be seen from the table, when the conventional binder containing no metal aluminum powder was used, the resulting product showed a significant decrease in both the adhesive strength and tensile strength, particularly, the adhesive strength was less than 10% of that of example 1. The results of this experiment also demonstrate: according to the invention, metal powder is added into the adhesive, so that on one hand, during low-temperature processing, the fiber cloth can be firmly adhered and fixed with the metal base material, and the problem that the reinforcing effect is reduced due to the fact that the fiber cloth and the metal base material slide mutually to guide reinforcing phase dislocation and the like is avoided. On the other hand, when the adhesive containing the metal powder of the present invention is subjected to a high temperature during sintering, the adhesive is decomposed by heat and the metal powder is promoted to melt, and a metal mixed liquid mixed with residual carbon is formed and filled between the fiber cloth and the surface of the metal base material. And after sintering, cooling the metal mixed liquid, so that the fiber cloth is firmly fixed on the metal base material, and the stable bonding of the reinforcing phase and the metal base material is realized. The adhesive is used directly without adding metal powder, although the fiber cloth can be stably bonded to the metal base material at the time of cold working. However, the binder is pyrolyzed into carbon residue after sintering, which affects the bonding effect between the reinforcing phase and the metal substrate.
Meanwhile, as can be seen from the table, when the metallic nickel coating is not pretreated on the surface of the alumina fiber, the adhesive strength and the tensile strength of the obtained product are remarkably reduced, and particularly the tensile strength is less than 40% of that of the product in example 1. The experimental result further proves that the compatibility between the fiber and the metal substrate can be improved by pre-plating the metal coating on the surface of the fiber, so that the bonding strength and the tensile strength of the obtained product are improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bionic layered structure metal matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, fiber pretreatment: pretreating the surface of the target fiber to form a metal coating;
s2, preparing woven cloth: weaving the pretreated fibers into a plain cloth with N x N pieces/cm;
s3, coating treatment: fully mixing metal powder and a binder, and uniformly coating the mixture on a plain cloth to obtain a coating woven cloth;
s4, surface treatment: processing the surface of the sheet metal and then airing to obtain a metal matrix;
s5, laminating: laminating the coating woven cloth and the metal matrix in an alternating mode, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of a final laminated product are both the metal matrix to obtain a laminated plate;
s6, pressing: pressurizing the laminated plate to obtain a pressboard;
s7, sintering: and sintering the pressing plate in an inert atmosphere.
2. The method for preparing the biomimetic laminated structure metal-matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the target fiber of step S1 includes: at least one of alumina fiber, quartz fiber, basalt fiber, silicon carbide fiber, carbon fiber, polyethylene fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber.
3. The method for preparing the biomimetic layered structure metal-matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal coating of step S1 includes: at least one of gold, nickel, copper, silver and iron metal coating.
4. The method for preparing the biomimetic layered structure metal-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the value of N in the step S2 is 3-10.
5. The method for preparing the biomimetic laminated structure metal-matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder in step S3 includes: at least one of aluminum and tin metal powder.
6. The method for preparing the biomimetic laminated structure metal matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive in step S3 includes: at least one of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, silica sol, PVA solution, starch, hydroxy aluminum sol, tetrahydrofuran, cyanoacrylate, vegetable oil, rosin, dextrin, water glass and furan resin.
7. The method for preparing the biomimetic laminated structure metal-matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the metal powder to the binder in the step S3 is, in terms of mass ratio, that of the metal powder: binder 0.5-5: 1.
8. The preparation method of the bionic layered structure metal matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating thickness of the coating woven cloth in the step S3 is 0.8-5 mm.
9. The method for preparing the biomimetic laminated structure metal-matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure treatment of step S6 includes: applying pressure of 5-50MPa to the laminated plate, and maintaining the pressure for 20-100 min.
10. The method for preparing the biomimetic layered structure metal matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the sintering under inert atmosphere in step S7 comprises: firstly, maintaining the pressure of 5-10MPa applied to the pressing plate, and replacing the ambient atmosphere of the pressing plate to be sintered with inert gas; then vacuumizing to 0.1-10 Pa; finally, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃, and sintering is carried out for 2-10h, thus completing the sintering operation.
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