CN115679228B - Silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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Abstract
The invention discloses a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material comprises a silicon carbide fiber bundle and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein a silicon carbide fiber bundle layer and an aluminum alloy plate layer are paved in an overlapping way, and the composite material is obtained through vacuum hot pressing and vacuum pressure casting. Based on the synergistic effect of the components, the composite material forms a tight package between the aluminum matrix and the surface of the silicon carbide fiber bundle, and greatly strengthens the binding force between the aluminum matrix and the silicon carbide fiber bundle. According to the method, vacuum hot pressing and vacuum pressure casting are adopted, bundling or chemical plating treatment is not needed for the silicon carbide fiber bundle filaments, bundling and wetting properties of an aluminum substrate on the silicon carbide fiber bundles are controlled by controlling vacuum degree, temperature and pressure, orientation distribution of the silicon carbide fiber bundle filaments is controlled, and further mechanical properties of materials are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material, in particular to a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials.
Background
The silicon carbide fiber has the advantages of high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, good high-temperature strength, good heat resistance, good wettability with metals, small fiber diameter and the like. The larger the volume fraction of the reinforcement SiC fibers in the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material is, the higher the thermal conductivity and the smaller the thermal expansion coefficient are, and meanwhile, the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, low density, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and good dimensional stability. At present, the main method for preparing the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps: (1) The melting infiltration method is to infiltrate the fiber bundles with liquid aluminum and aluminum alloy or to make the fiber bundles pass through a liquid aluminum and aluminum alloy molten pool to make each fiber wetted by molten metal, then to remove redundant metal surface to obtain composite wires, and then to extrude the composite wires to obtain the composite material. The disadvantage is that molten aluminum and aluminum alloys can cause damage to the properties of the fibers when they are easily wetted. (2) The compression casting method is to force molten aluminum and aluminum alloy into a fixed cavity of a built-in fiber preform until solidification is completed. The disadvantage is that the casting pressure and the reinforcing fiber content have a large influence on the properties of the aluminium-based composite. (3) The diffusion bonding method mainly refers to a manufacturing method that aluminum foil and fiber filaments or composite filaments or single-layer plates which are subjected to surface treatment and then are immersed in aluminum liquid are laminated according to a specified sequence, and are subjected to high-temperature pressurizing diffusion bonding molding under the condition of vacuum or inert gas so as to obtain the aluminum-based composite material. In addition, the method also comprises an atmospheric sintering method, a hot pressing method and a high-temperature extrusion method. The disadvantage is that the matrix is difficult to impregnate between the fibre tows and the interfacial bonding is weak. (4) The powder metallurgy method is to spray metal aluminum powder on the arranged reinforced fibers by adopting a plasma sputtering method or disperse the metal aluminum powder on acrylic resin (or polystyrene resin) to coat the reinforced fibers to prepare a prepreg, and then to sinter the prepreg in vacuum or argon under pressure at a temperature close to the melting point of aluminum to obtain the fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. The defects are that the fiber is damaged greatly, distributed unevenly and the content is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which forms a tight package between an aluminum matrix and the surface of a silicon carbide fiber bundle based on the synergistic effect of the components, and greatly strengthens the binding force between the aluminum matrix and the silicon carbide fiber bundle, thereby improving the tensile strength and the bending resistance of the material.
The second object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which adopts vacuum hot pressing and vacuum pressure casting, does not need to carry out bundling or chemical plating treatment on silicon carbide fiber bundle wires, controls bundling and wettability of an aluminum substrate on the silicon carbide fiber bundles by controlling vacuum degree, temperature and pressure, and controls orientation distribution of the silicon carbide fiber bundle wires, thereby realizing great improvement of mechanical properties of materials.
A third object of the invention is to provide the use of a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite as an aeroengine compressor component. The material adopts a vacuum hot-pressing preparation process to facilitate the interface combination of the fiber and the matrix, and the vacuum pressure casting can design composite materials with different shapes according to a die, so that the prepared material has excellent bending resistance and pressure resistance, and can meet the mechanical requirements of an aeroengine compressor.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the invention provides a preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps: overlapping and paving the aluminum alloy plate layer without the oxide film and the silicon carbide fiber bundle layer in a mould, and carrying out vacuum hot pressing to obtain a composite material precursor; vacuum pressure casting the composite material precursor and the aluminum alloy plate layer with the oxide film removed, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy plate; in the composite material, the volume ratio of the composite material precursor to the aluminum alloy plate layer is 3-6:10.
The preparation method provided by the invention adopts a two-step method, and firstly, a part of aluminum matrix is completely wrapped on the surface of the silicon carbide fiber bundle by vacuum hot pressing and is partially immersed into the silicon carbide fiber yarn, so that the fiber bundle has the functions of bundling and threshold limiting, and the bonding strength between the fiber bundle and the aluminum matrix is enhanced; furthermore, in the vacuum pressure casting process, the aluminum matrix is ensured to be positioned at a liquid-solid phase junction point and present flow dynamics through vacuum casting conditions, and in the state, the aluminum matrix can be ensured to be tightly combined with the precursor of the composite material, and meanwhile, fiber bundles can be further fixed, and the unidirectional uniformity of fiber bundle filament orientation distribution is ensured, so that the tensile strength and the bending resistance of the composite material are greatly improved.
As a preferable scheme, the number of fiber bundle filaments in the silicon carbide fiber bundle layer is less than or equal to 1K.
As a preferable embodiment, the filament diameter of the fiber bundle filaments is 6 to 10 μm; the tensile strength of the fiber monofilaments is 2.5-3.6 GPa.
As a bestThe selected scheme is that the vacuum hot pressing conditions are as follows: vacuum degree is less than 5 x 10 -3 Pa, hot-pressing sintering temperature is 550-620 ℃, pressure is 60-100 MPa, and time is 0.5-3 h. Wherein the vacuum degree is less than 5 x 10 -3 Pa facilitates the interface combination of the fiber and the aluminum matrix; the hot press sintering temperature is less than 550 ℃ or the pressure is less than 60MPa or the time is less than 0.5h, which is unfavorable for press forming, and excessive liquid phase is formed at the temperature of more than 620 ℃ which is unfavorable for subsequent pressure casting; pressures greater than 100MPa or times longer than 3 hours are detrimental to the integrity of the silicon carbide fibers.
As a preferable scheme, the volume ratio of the silicon carbide fiber bundle layer to the aluminum alloy plate layer in the composite material precursor is 3-6:10.
As a preferred embodiment, the composite precursor further comprises removal of an oxide layer prior to vacuum pressure forging.
As a preferable scheme, the oxide layer is removed from the composite material precursor in at least one of polishing, strong alkali washing and strong acid washing.
As a preferable mode, the vacuum pressure casting conditions are as follows: vacuum degree is less than 5 x 10 -3 Pa, the temperature is 660-720 ℃, the pressure is 50-100MPa, the time is 0.5h-1.5h, and the pressure is maintained until the liquid metal is solidified. Wherein the vacuum degree is higher than 5 x 10 -3 Pa, the interface combination of the fiber and the aluminum matrix is not facilitated; the aluminum matrix cannot be completely melted into a liquid state when the casting temperature is lower than 660 ℃, and the interface reaction between the aluminum matrix and the fiber is unfavorable when the casting temperature is higher than 720 ℃, so that the serious interface reaction directly leads to the performance reduction of the composite material; casting pressures below 50MPa or times below 0.5h are detrimental to composite formation, while pressures above 100MPa or times above 1h may damage silicon carbide fibers.
As a preferable scheme, the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate layer is 0.05-0.15 mm, and the aluminum alloy plate layer is at least one of 1-series aluminum alloy, 3-series aluminum alloy and 6-series aluminum alloy.
The invention also provides a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which is prepared by any one of the preparation methods. The silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, and particularly greatly improves the tensile strength and the bending strength of the material, and the tensile strength of the obtained material can reach 750MPa and the bending strength of the material can reach 840MPa through test.
The invention also provides application of the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as an aeroengine compressor component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1) The composite material provided by the invention forms tight package between the aluminum matrix and the surface of the silicon carbide fiber bundle based on the synergistic effect of the components, so that the binding force between the aluminum matrix and the silicon carbide fiber bundle is greatly enhanced, and the tensile strength and the bending resistance of the material are improved.
2) According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, vacuum hot pressing and vacuum pressure casting are adopted, the bundling or chemical plating treatment is not required for the silicon carbide fiber bundle filaments, the bundling and wetting properties of the aluminum substrate to the silicon carbide fiber bundles are controlled by controlling the vacuum degree, the temperature and the pressure, and the orientation distribution of the silicon carbide fiber bundle filaments is controlled, so that the mechanical properties of materials are greatly improved.
3) According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the porosity of the material can be greatly reduced by adjusting the volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber bundles and the wettability between the aluminum substrate and the silicon carbide fiber bundles, and the compactness of the composite material provided by the invention is 95.5-98.7%, the volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber is 30-60%, the internal structure is uniform and compact, and the binding force between the silicon carbide fiber bundles and the aluminum substrate is greatly enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layering of vacuum hot pressed fibers and aluminum matrix in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the precursor structure in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layering of the pressure cast precursor and aluminum matrix in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, and it should not be construed that the invention is limited to the embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
step one: cutting 6061-Al plate 30 sheets with the length and width of 79mm and 19mm and 0.1mm, soaking in 40g/LNaOH solution for 30h, then pickling with 30% HNO3 for 3min, washing with water, wiping off water stains, and removing oxide films on the surfaces of the aluminum plates;
step two: selecting silicon carbide fiber bundles with the fiber bundle filament diameter of 9 micrometers at 1k, performing desizing treatment at 500 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and paving the fiber bundles and the aluminum plate in a mutually laminated manner in a vacuum hot-pressing die;
step three: the assembled mold was placed in a vacuum autoclave, under vacuum (degree of vacuum 5×10 -3 Pa), carrying out vacuum hot pressing for 1.5h at the temperature of 580 ℃ and the pressure of 80MPa to obtain a silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite board precursor;
step four: the surface of the obtained silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor is polished clean by sand paper, 60 pieces of 6061-Al plates with the thickness of 79mm and 19mm and the thickness of 0.5mm are cut, the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor and the 60 pieces of 6061-Al plates are placed into 40g/L NaOH solution to be soaked for 30min, then 30% HNO3 is used for pickling for 3min, and finally distilled water is used for cleaning and water stain is wiped;
step five: placing 30 pieces of treated aluminum plates into the bottom of a pressure casting die, then superposing the treated silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor, finally superposing the rest 30 pieces of treated aluminum, and covering the die;
step six: placing the loaded pressure casting die into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, performing die casting for 1h under the vacuum condition (the vacuum degree is 5 x 10 < -3 > Pa), the temperature is 680 ℃ and the pressure is 50MPa, and maintaining the pressure until the liquid metal is solidified;
step seven: taking out the die after die casting, cooling, opening the die, taking out the sample formed by internal pressure casting, machining, polishing and cutting off redundant aluminum substrates on two sides, and finally obtaining the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite board, wherein the tensile strength is 720MPa, and the bending strength is 814MPa.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
step one: cutting 6061-Al plate 30 sheets with the length and width of 79mm and 19mm and 0.1mm, soaking in 40g/LNaOH solution for 30h, then pickling with 30% HNO3 for 3min, washing with water, wiping off water stains, and removing oxide films on the surfaces of the aluminum plates;
step two: selecting silicon carbide fiber bundles with the fiber bundle filament diameter of 9 micrometers at 1k, performing desizing treatment at 500 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and paving the fiber bundles and the aluminum plate in a mutually laminated manner in a vacuum hot-pressing die;
step three: the assembled mold was placed in a vacuum autoclave, under vacuum (degree of vacuum 5×10 -3 Pa), vacuum hot-pressing for 1.5h at 600 ℃ and 80MPa to obtain a silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite board precursor;
step four: the surface of the obtained silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor is polished clean by sand paper, 60 pieces of 6061-Al plates with the thickness of 79mm and 19mm and the thickness of 0.5mm are cut, the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor and the 60 pieces of 6061-Al plates are placed into 40g/L NaOH solution to be soaked for 30min, then 30% HNO3 is used for pickling for 3min, and finally distilled water is used for cleaning and water stain is wiped;
step five: placing 30 pieces of treated aluminum plates into the bottom of a pressure casting die, then superposing the treated silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor, finally superposing the rest 30 pieces of treated aluminum, and covering the die;
step six: placing the loaded pressure casting die into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and performing die casting for 1h under the vacuum condition (the vacuum degree is 5 x 10 < -3 > Pa), the temperature is 710 ℃ and the pressure is 50MPa, and maintaining the pressure until the liquid metal is solidified;
step seven: taking out the die after die casting, cooling, opening the die, taking out the sample formed by internal pressure casting, machining, polishing and cutting off redundant aluminum substrates on two sides, and finally obtaining the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite board, wherein the tensile strength is 750MPa, and the bending strength is 840MPa.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
step one: cutting 6061-Al plate 30 sheets with the length and width of 79mm and 19mm and 0.1mm, soaking in 40g/LNaOH solution for 30h, then pickling with 30% HNO3 for 3min, washing with water, wiping off water stains, and removing oxide films on the surfaces of the aluminum plates;
step two: selecting silicon carbide fiber bundles with the fiber bundle filament diameter of 9 micrometers at 1k, performing desizing treatment at 500 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and paving the fiber bundles and the aluminum plate in a mutually laminated manner in a vacuum hot-pressing die;
step three: the assembled mold was placed in a vacuum autoclave, under vacuum (degree of vacuum 5×10 -3 Pa), carrying out vacuum hot pressing for 1.5h at the temperature of 620 ℃ and the pressure of 60MPa to obtain a silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite board precursor;
step four: the surface of the obtained silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor is polished clean by sand paper, 60 pieces of 6061-Al plates with the thickness of 79mm and 19mm and the thickness of 0.5mm are cut, the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor and the 60 pieces of 6061-Al plates are placed into 40g/L NaOH solution to be soaked for 30min, then 30% HNO3 is used for pickling for 3min, and finally distilled water is used for cleaning and water stain is wiped;
step five: placing 30 pieces of treated aluminum plates into the bottom of a pressure casting die, then superposing the treated silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material precursor, finally superposing the rest 30 pieces of treated aluminum, and covering the die;
step six: placing the loaded pressure casting die into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and performing die casting for 1h under the vacuum condition (the vacuum degree is 5 x 10 < -3 > Pa), the temperature is 710 ℃ and the pressure is 70MPa, and maintaining the pressure until the liquid metal is solidified;
step seven: taking out the die after die casting, cooling, opening the die, taking out a sample molded by internal pressure casting, machining, polishing and cutting off redundant aluminum substrates on two sides, and finally obtaining the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite board, wherein the tensile strength is 708MPa, and the bending strength is 799MPa.
Comparative example 1
Step one: cutting 6061-Al plate 30 sheets with the length and width of 79mm and 19mm and 0.1mm, soaking in 40g/LNaOH solution for 30h, then pickling with 30% HNO3 for 3min, washing with water, wiping off water stains, and removing oxide films on the surfaces of the aluminum plates;
step two: selecting silicon carbide fiber bundles with the fiber bundle filament diameter of 9 micrometers at 1k, performing desizing treatment at 500 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and paving the fiber bundles and the aluminum plate in a mutually laminated manner in a vacuum hot-pressing die;
step three: the assembled mold was placed in a vacuum autoclave, under vacuum (degree of vacuum 5×10 -3 Pa), carrying out vacuum hot pressing for 1.5h at the temperature of 620 ℃ and the pressure of 80MPa to obtain the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material, wherein the tensile strength is 605MPa and the bending strength is 700MPa;
comparative example 2
Step one: cutting 6061-Al plate 30 sheets with the length and width of 79mm and 19mm and 0.1mm, soaking in 40g/LNaOH solution for 30h, then pickling with 30% HNO3 for 3min, washing with water, wiping off water stains, and removing oxide films on the surfaces of the aluminum plates;
step two: selecting silicon carbide fiber bundles with the diameter of 1k and the fiber bundle silk of 9 micrometers, performing desizing treatment at 500 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and then mutually laminating and paving the fiber bundles and an aluminum plate in a vacuum pressure casting die;
step three: placing the loaded pressure casting die into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and performing die casting for 1h under the vacuum condition (the vacuum degree is 5 x 10 < -3 > Pa), the temperature is 700 ℃ and the pressure is 80MPa, and maintaining the pressure until the liquid metal is solidified;
step four: taking out the die after die casting, cooling, opening the die, taking out the sample formed by internal pressure casting, machining, polishing and cutting off redundant aluminum substrates on two sides, and finally obtaining the silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite board, wherein the tensile strength is 310MPa, and the bending strength is 430MPa.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprising the following steps: overlapping and paving the aluminum alloy plate layer without the oxide film and the silicon carbide fiber bundle layer in a mould, and carrying out vacuum hot pressing to obtain a composite material precursor; vacuum pressure casting the composite material precursor and the aluminum alloy plate layer with the oxide film removed, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy plate; in the composite material, the volume ratio of a composite material precursor to an aluminum alloy plate layer is 3-6:10; the volume ratio of the silicon carbide fiber bundle layer to the aluminum alloy plate layer in the composite material precursor is 3-6:10;
the vacuum hot-pressing conditions are as follows: vacuum degree is less than 5 x 10 -3 Pa, hot-pressing sintering temperature is 550-620 ℃, pressure is 60-100 MPa, and time is 0.5-3 h;
the conditions of the vacuum pressure casting are as follows: vacuum degree is less than 5 x 10 -3 Pa, the temperature is 660-720 ℃, the pressure is 50-100MPa, the time is 0.5-1.5 h, and the pressure is maintained until the liquid metal is solidified.
2. The method for preparing the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the number of fiber bundle filaments in the silicon carbide fiber bundle layer is less than or equal to 1K.
3. The method for preparing the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the monofilament diameter of the fiber bundle filaments is 6-10 mu m; the tensile strength of the fiber monofilaments is 2.5-3.6 GPa.
4. The method for preparing the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the composite material precursor also comprises an oxide layer removal before vacuum pressure casting; the method for removing the oxide layer of the composite material precursor comprises at least one of polishing and removing, strong alkali washing and removing and strong acid washing and removing.
5. The method for preparing the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1-4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate layer is 0.05-0.15 mm, and the aluminum alloy plate layer is at least one of 1-series aluminum alloy, 3-series aluminum alloy and 6-series aluminum alloy.
6. A silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, characterized by: the process according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Use of a silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 6, wherein: as an aeroengine compressor component.
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| CN116200687B (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2024-07-02 | 集美大学 | Transverse fiber reinforced armored aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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