CN113180004A - Restricted feeding method suitable for Fujian white rabbit young rabbits - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rabbit breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a fine variety Fujian white rabbit young rabbit in Fujian local areas. According to the invention, the requirements on the feed, the feed limitation, the density, the management and the disease prevention and control are controlled, the feed limitation amount, the feed limitation time and the feed limitation times are controlled, the diarrhea rate and the death rate of the young Fujian white rabbits are reduced, the feed reward is improved, the leaf fat weight of the Fujian white rabbits is reduced, and the rabbit meat quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding rabbits, in particular to a method for breeding a fine variety Fujian white rabbit young rabbit in Fujian region.
Background
The rabbit is the livestock which has the highest forage conversion rate and the highest nutrition and health care value in the herbivorous animals and is most suitable for the large-scale development of rural farmers. In recent years, along with the enhancement of health care consciousness of people, rabbit meat is favored by people as health care meat with three high, three low, and the consumption market of rabbit meat is gradually expanded, the price of rabbit meat is in a continuous rising trend, and rabbit meat has good international and domestic market potential.
The Fujian white rabbit belongs to a small local rabbit resource for meat, has white hair of the whole body, a clear and beautiful head, upright ears, red iris, a compact body structure, the advantages of coarse feeding resistance, strong disease resistance, good reproductive performance, excellent meat quality and the like, is a good rabbit variety in China, and is listed in the Fujian province livestock and poultry genetic resource protection directory and the Chinese livestock and poultry genetic resource log in 2015. Compared with the large-breed meat rabbits, the Fujian white rabbits have high muscle nutrient content (high muscle crude protein content) and fresh and tender meat quality (small muscle fiber area and high intramuscular fat content).
The Fujian white rabbits are resistant to coarse feeding, easy to feed and high in price, and in recent years, the variety is valued by the Ministry of agriculture and the Ministry of Fujian province of agriculture, so that farmers and breeding enterprises of the Fujian white rabbits are increasing. Because the feed in the market is unstable, particularly the grass meal is unstable, the diarrhea is easily caused by the free ingestion of the rabbits, and the production is influenced. A set of scientific breeding method suitable for efficient and large-scale breeding of Fujian white rabbits is urgently needed.
Young rabbits refer to rabbits weaned to 3 months of age. The young rabbits after weaning can not continuously obtain milk factors in the breast milk, and the concentration of gastric acid in the stomach is low, so that the young rabbits are particularly susceptible to coccidiosis; and the stage is in the peak stage of growth and development, the demand on nutrient substances is urgent, but the digestive system of the young rabbit is not perfect, the digestive system is poor, and the death rate is highest in the stage. Therefore, the method is particularly important for the feeding management of young rabbits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for feeding a fine variety Fujian white rabbit young rabbit in Fujian region.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for raising young Fujian white rabbits comprises the steps of feed requirement, feed limitation, density, management and disease prevention and control;
wherein the feed is required to have a digestion energy DE of 10.5-11.0 megajoules/kilogram according to the feed of young Fujian white rabbits, and the feed components are required to contain 16-17 wt% of crude protein CP, 13-16 wt% of crude fiber CF, 0.5-1.5 wt% of calcium Ca and 0.4-0.7 wt% of phosphorus P;
wherein the requirements of the feeding are met,
(1) feed limitation
Randomly drawing 5% of Fujian white rabbit groups for free feeding in the previous day, measuring the free average feed intake W1, recording 80% of the free average feed intake W1 as W2 for limited feeding, and feeding according to 50% of the feed intake W2 in the morning and 50% of the feed intake W2 in the afternoon, wherein the effect is optimal;
(2) classified feeding
The weaned young rabbits are fed according to different ages and weights in a classified mode, and the feeding is generally divided into three types: large, medium and small.
Wherein the feeding density is 30-60 days old, each rabbit occupies 0.05 square meter (cage bottom area) at least, 60-90 days old, and each rabbit occupies 0.07 square meter (cage bottom area) at least.
Wherein the breeding management comprises the following steps: keeping the cage ring dry and good ventilation condition; the trough and drinker were cleaned daily and the rabbit hutch was disinfected periodically.
Wherein the prevention and control of the diseases are as follows: mainly preventing respiratory diseases such as pasteurella rabbit, bordetella and the like and preventing coccidiosis, and adding a medicine for preventing coccidiosis into feed; the immunization procedure was performed as usual.
The invention has the following remarkable advantages: the feed limiting amount, the feed limiting time and the feed limiting times reduce the diarrhea rate and the death rate of the young Fujian white rabbits, improve the feed reward, reduce the weight of the leaf fat of the Fujian white rabbits and improve the quality of the rabbit meat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates the testing of various groups of duodenal tissue sections;
FIG. 2 groups of ileal tissue sections were tested;
FIG. 3 tests groups of jejunal tissue sections;
FIG. 4 shows the results of principal component analysis of each test group.
Detailed Description
For further disclosure, but not limitation, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
1. 144 weaning Fujian white rabbit young rabbits with the age of 30 days are selected from an ecological breeding farm of Fujian white rabbits from the Wudong tea Tokyo of Wupingh county, Fujian province, and are randomly divided into A, B, C, D groups at the age of 5 weeks, wherein each group comprises 36 (half of male and female), each group is fed in a single cage, the test period is 8 weeks, the test treatment is shown in table 1 after the young rabbits with the age of 5 weeks and the age of 13 weeks. The nutrient levels of the feed are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Fujian white rabbit test treatment and feeding method
TABLE 2 Nutrition level of full-value granule (%)
Other feeding management and immunization programs are carried out according to the conventional method.
2. Groups were tested for diarrhea and mortality at 5 to 13 weeks of age
As shown in Table 3, the free-harvested group A had the same diarrhea rate and mortality rate as the restricted-fed group B, and C, D had no diarrhea and dead rabbits throughout the test period.
Table 3 test of each group for diarrhea and death at 5 to 13 weeks of age
3. The weight gain, the material weight ratio and the dressing percentage of each group at the age of 5 to 13 weeks are tested
Table 4 shows that the weight of the group A at 13 weeks and the weight gain of the group A at 5-13 weeks are both remarkably higher than B, C, D groups (P <0.01), but the material-to-weight ratio of the group A at 5-13 weeks is also remarkably higher than B, C, D (P <0.01), which indicates that the feed reward can be remarkably improved by limiting the feeding according to 80-82% of the free feed intake. The 13-week-old dressing percentage was significantly higher in group a than in group C, D (P < 0.01). Group a 13-week-old slaughter leaf oil weights were significantly higher than B, C groups (P < 0.01). B. C, D none of the results differed significantly between groups D except that the initial body weight at 5 weeks of age was significantly greater than group C (0.01< P <0.05) (P > 0.05).
Table 4 test groups for growth and slaughter Performance at 5 to 13 weeks of age
Note: the difference of the lower case letters in the same column of shoulder marks is obvious (P <0.05), the difference of the upper case letters in the same column of shoulder marks is obvious (P <0.01), and the difference of the same letters or the non-marked letters is not obvious.
The weight of the group C at 13 weeks, the weight gain of the group C at 5-13 weeks and the dressing percentage are all higher than B, D, and the weight of the leaf lard is lower than that of the group A and the group D, so that the effects of the group C are optimal, namely 50% in the morning and 50% in the afternoon.
Further development of the test
Example 2
1. 72 weaning Fujian white rabbit young rabbits with 30 days old are selected from an ecological breeding farm of the Fujian white rabbits from the Wudong tea Tou Ling in Wuping county, Longyan City, Fujian province, and are randomly divided into A, B, C groups after temporary breeding for 5 days. Each group has 24 animals (half of male and female), 2 animals are raised in each cage, the test period is 8 weeks, the test treatment and the method are shown in table 5 after the weaning newborn rabbits are 5 weeks old and 13 weeks old.
TABLE 5 Fujian white rabbit test treatment and feeding method
2. Groups were tested for diarrhea and mortality at 5 to 13 weeks of age
As shown in Table 6, the diarrhea rate and mortality rate of the free-fed group A were 8.33%, the diarrhea rate and mortality rate of the restricted-fed group B were 4.17%, and the diarrhea rate and mortality rate of the restricted-fed group C were 4.17% and 0%, respectively.
Table 6 shows the diarrhea and death status of 5 to 13 weeks of age in each group
3. The weight gain, the material weight ratio and the dressing percentage of each group at the age of 5 to 13 weeks are tested
Table 7 shows that the initial body weight differences were not significant in A, B, C groups at the start of the trial, significantly higher in a group than in B, C (P <0.011), and not significant in B and C groups (P >0.05) at the end of the 13 weeks of age; the weight gain of the group A at the age of 5-13 weeks is remarkably higher than that of the group B, C (P <0.01), and the difference between the group B and the group C is not remarkable (P > 0.05); the material consumption and the material weight ratio of the group A are both remarkably higher than B, C (P <0.01) at the age of 5-13 weeks, the difference between the group B and the group C is not remarkable (P >0.05), which indicates that the group A is limited by 80 percent of daily ration according to the free feed intake and divided into 50 percent in the morning, 50 percent in the afternoon, the lowest secondary material weight ratio and the highest feed reward. The 13-week-old dressing percentage A, B, C showed no significant differences among the three groups. The weight average of 13-week-old lard in the group A is remarkably higher than that of the B, C two groups, which indicates that free ingestion of meat rabbits increases the lard and affects carcass market sales.
Table 7 test groups for growth and slaughter Performance at 5 to 13 weeks of age
4. Morphological changes of the intestinal tract
Table 8 shows that the villus length of ileum and jejunum of group C is significantly greater than that of A, B groups (P <0.015), indicating that restricting feeding and feeding the ration 2 times is beneficial to improving the absorption and utilization of the nutrition of the feed. Tissue sections from different intestinal sites in each test group are shown in FIGS. 1-3.
TABLE 8 comparison of villus length and crypt depth in 13 weeks old duodenum, jejunum, ileum of each group
5. Biochemical change of blood
The biochemical indexes of the blood of each group are compared, and table 9 shows that the Globulin (GLB), AST/ALT value and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) of the group C are all obviously higher than those of the group A (P is less than 0.05), the immunoglobulin M (IGM) and the immunoglobulin A (IGA) are extremely obviously higher than those of the group A (P is less than 0.01), the ratio of the globulin (ALB/GLB) is obviously lower than that of the group A (P is less than 0.01), and the difference of other biochemical indexes is not obvious, so that the immunity of the young rabbit is improved to a certain extent by the group C.
TABLE 9 Biochemical index of blood for each group
Note: the data in the same row are marked with no letters or the same letters, which indicate that the difference is not significant (P >0.05), different lower case letters indicate that the difference is significant (P <0.05), and different upper case letters indicate that the difference is extremely significant (P < 0.01).
6. Sequencing and analysis of intestinal microorganisms
Intestinal microbial sequencing, namely performing 16S microbial diversity sequencing on caecum contents of 18 rabbits to obtain 527238 sequence numbers with 99% sequence consistency. Community diversity Shannon index of group a is significantly higher than group C (P <0.01) and community diversity Simpson index is significantly lower than group C (P < 0.01).
Table 10 test groups of sequencing results and Alpha diversity analysis
The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results based on OTUs levels are shown in FIG. 4. In fig. 4, principal component 1(PC1) is the 1 st principal coordinate, and the representative contribution rate to the total detected microorganisms is 14.92%, and principal component 2(PC2) is the 2 nd principal coordinate, and the contribution rate is 7.69%; the 3 groups of 18 samples were well distinguishable.
TABLE 11 horizontal intestinal microbial abundance (%)
TABLE 12 intestinal microbial abundance (%) -in different test groups
TABLE 13 horizontal intestinal microbial abundance (%) -of different test groups
Table 11-table 13 show the composition and distribution abundance of intestinal microbes for each test group, with proteobacteria being the most abundant in all samples at the phylum level, and relatively lower than group B, C in group a samples; secondly, bacteroidetes, which is relatively high in groups a and C and relatively low in group B, also plays an important role in the intestinal digestion of captive animals. At the family level, the Ruminococcaceae (Ruminococcaceae, which is sensitive to plant cell wall polysaccharides) is most abundant, with group C higher than the others, followed by lachnospiraceae more abundant, and group C lower than the others. At the genus level, the specific genus (Ruminococcaceae _ NK4a214_ group) of the Ruminococcaceae family is abundant and group C is higher than the other groups. The result shows that the feed limitation can change the diversity of the intestinal microbial flora and the proportion of the dominant flora of the Fujian white rabbits, the feed limitation C group enriches the diversity of the microbial flora and improves the proportion of the dominant flora to a certain extent, the diarrhea rate of young rabbits is reduced, the growth and development of the young rabbits are promoted, and the economic benefit of the culture is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A feeding method suitable for Fujian white rabbit young rabbits is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises feed requirement, feed limitation, classified feeding, density control, management method and disease prevention and control.
2. The method for raising young Fujian white rabbits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: wherein the feed is required to have a digestion energy DE of 10.5-11.0 megajoules/kilogram according to the feed of young Fujian white rabbits, and the feed components are required to contain 16-17 wt% of crude protein CP, 13-16 wt% of crude fiber CF, 0.5-1.5 wt% of calcium Ca and 0.4-0.7 wt% of phosphorus P.
3. The method for raising young Fujian white rabbits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: wherein the feed limitation is specifically as follows:
randomly drawing 5% rabbits from Fujian white rabbit group in the previous day, carrying out free feeding, measuring the free average feed intake W1, recording 80% of the free average feed intake W1 as W2, carrying out limited feeding according to 50% of the feed intake W2 in the morning and 50% of the feed intake W2 in the afternoon, and having the best comprehensive effect.
4. The method for raising young Fujian white rabbits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: wherein the classified feeding specifically comprises the following steps: the young rabbits after weaning are fed according to different ages and weights in different categories.
5. The method for raising young Fujian white rabbits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding density control specifically comprises the following steps: each rabbit is 30-60 days old, and the minimum area of the bottom of the cage is 0.05 square meters; the rabbit is 60-90 days old, and the minimum area of the bottom of the cage of 0.07 square meter is occupied by each rabbit.
6. The method for raising young Fujian white rabbits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the management method specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the cage ring dry and good ventilation condition; the trough and drinker were cleaned daily and the rabbit hutch was disinfected periodically.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP7326574B1 (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-08-15 | アニコム ホールディングス株式会社 | Beauty level estimation system, beauty level estimation method, overall health level estimation system and overall health level estimation method |
| WO2024024795A1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | アニコム ホールディングス株式会社 | Insurance premium calculation system, beauty level estimation system, and overall health estimation system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP7326574B1 (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-08-15 | アニコム ホールディングス株式会社 | Beauty level estimation system, beauty level estimation method, overall health level estimation system and overall health level estimation method |
| WO2024024795A1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | アニコム ホールディングス株式会社 | Insurance premium calculation system, beauty level estimation system, and overall health estimation system |
| JP2024018856A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-08 | アニコム ホールディングス株式会社 | Beauty level estimation system, beauty level estimation method, overall health degree estimation system, and overall health degree estimation method |
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Application publication date: 20210730 |