CN113173891A - 一种钙敏感受体蛋白拮抗剂衍生的分子探针及在甲状旁腺切除手术中的应用 - Google Patents
一种钙敏感受体蛋白拮抗剂衍生的分子探针及在甲状旁腺切除手术中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClCCl WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在甲状旁腺切除手术时能够快速特异地识别甲状旁腺的方法,合成和应用影像导引的分子探针,具体地说是设计、合成和应用一种钙敏感受体蛋白拮抗剂(Calhex 231)衍生的分子探针,上述分子探针可有助于继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症手术中甲状旁腺的切除。
背景技术
继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进是尿毒症的重要并发症,极大地降低了患者的生存率及生活质量,甲状旁腺切除是尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进理想治疗的方法。但目前存在的主要问题是:1)由于甲状旁腺组织小、数目多(5-7个或更多)、分布位置广、不容易和周围的淋巴结以及脂肪组织进行区分等原因,甲状旁腺切除手术失败率较高(10-15%),而且不容易切除干净;2)在甲状腺切除手术中,特别是甲状腺癌切除根治手术需要进行淋巴结清扫,由于淋巴结和甲状旁腺许多情况下难以区分,会导致错误地将甲状旁腺切除,错误发生率高达2%。因此,我们建立甲状旁腺术中快速精准特异的识别方法将同样可应用于甲状腺手术。
甲状旁腺肉眼识别较为困难。1971年,亚甲基蓝被用于甲状旁腺染色,但手术结果没有表现出优于手术操作者的肉眼判定,且染料表现出一定的神经毒性。2006年血红素原卟啉IX(PpIX)生物合成前药,5-氨基乙酰丙酸,被证明可以选择性累积在甲状旁腺中,进而达到荧光成像的效果,虽然有一例手术应用,但据报道存在50%的染色失败概率1,因为该方法需要隔离病人48小时,以避免光漂白和光毒性反应。2015年,nature medicine报道了一种合成的近红外染料分子,可以在约克猪动物模型上识别出甲状旁腺,但外源的染色试剂需要以尾静脉注射的方式完成。与此同时,随着近红外成像技术的发展,甲状旁腺的自发荧光成像(autofluorescence imaging)引起越来越多科研工作者和临床人员关注2,3。2011年,有报道称在785nm激发光照射下甲状旁腺可以发出820nm的自荧光,而甲状腺体只有很弱的自荧光信号,周围的脂肪、肌肉及气管组织几乎没有自发荧光信号4。虽然此自荧光的机制还不是很清楚,但钙敏感受体蛋白(CaSR)被认为是此荧光信号来源,因为此蛋白在甲状旁腺的主细胞(chief cells)中高表达,而在甲状腺组织内表达极低,在颈部其它组织中几乎无表达。。这一机制符合本发明专利的研究内容要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是希望从分子层面上设计新颖的术中染色方式,能让手术操作者通过肉眼来分辨甲状旁腺和周围组织的区别,从而完成手术切除。目前文献中特定的组织成像方法大多依靠抗原、抗体和核适体链接显影分子完成,采用激动剂或抑制剂链接显影分子的方式较少,主要原因可能是链接修饰可能影响激动剂或抑制剂和目标蛋白的作用方式。但采用精巧的设计方式可以避免此问题。2018年,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂苹果酸舒尼替尼与构象诱导分子探针链接,成功的应用于酪氨酸激酶受体蛋白(VEGFR2)的分子成像。本发明希望以CaSR蛋白为目标,以拟钙剂(Calcimimetics)和CaSR拮抗剂(Calcilytics)为研究对象,设计合成特定的组织染色试剂,已达到甲状旁腺染色导引切除手术。
由于甲状旁腺组织小、数目多(5-7个或更多)、分布位置广、不容易和周围的淋巴结以及脂肪组织进行区分等原因,因此甲状旁腺切除手术失败率较高(10-15%),而且不容易切除干净。此外,在甲状腺切除手术中,特别是甲状腺癌切除根治手术需要进行淋巴结清扫,会导致错误地将甲状旁腺切除导致甲状旁腺功能减退。因此,建立甲状旁腺术中快速精准特异的识别方法非常重要。影像导引手术一直以来是一个被广泛专注的研究方向,然而对于甲状旁腺目前还没有影像导引手术的分子探针。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
拟钙剂西那卡塞(Cinacalcet)是一种2004年FDA认证的拟钙剂,各种新型的拟钙剂也被相继报道(Calindol和NPS R-568),同时CaSR拮抗剂也有大量报道。通过文献调研发现,Calhex 231类似物具有较为明确地与CaSR的作用模型,环己二胺特殊的立体化学构型使得分子萘环端可以很好的与CaSR蛋白结合腔完美结合。这使得修饰酰基氯苯端成为可能,本部分研究希望在酰基氯苯端引入显色官能团,实现甲状旁腺组织染色的目的。下式为拟钙剂(Calcimimetics)和CaSR拮抗剂(Calcilytics)的分子式:
本发明提供了一种钙敏蛋白抑制剂衍生的分子探针,具体为手性钙敏蛋白抑制剂拮抗剂Calhex 231衍生的含有如通式A1所示的荧光基团的分子探针或含有如通式A2所示的生色团的分子探针;所述通式A1和通式A2的结构如下所示:
本发明还提供了所述分子探针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)分子探针的母体D,即环己二胺萘胺端的制备方法:
a)环氧环己烷在叠氮化钠的作用下开环,生成2-叠氮环己醇,然后在三苯基膦存在下关环生成7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷;
b)7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷在三乙胺和催化量的4-二甲氨基吡啶存在下对7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷上叔丁氧羰基Boc保护基团;
c)在高氯酸锂催化下,叔-丁基7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-7-甲酸基酯与(S)-(-)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺反应开环,生成化合物C,化合物C存在顺、反构型,为RRS构型和SSS构型;通过硅胶层析柱分离,收集SSR构型的化合物C;
d)对SSR构型的化合物C,在盐酸催化下,以二氧六环为溶剂进行叔丁氧羰基的脱除,生成化合物D,此化合物为探针分子的母体;
(2)具有生色团的分子探针的连接子E的制备方法:
e)3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯在无水碳酸钾催化下,与N-(2-溴乙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺反应,向酚羟基上引入邻苯二甲酰亚胺的烷基链,此烷基链可以调节长度,从两个碳到十二个碳;
f)邻苯二甲酰亚胺在水合肼作用下转化为含有氨基的4-(2-氨基乙烷氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯;
g)对4-(2-氨基乙烷氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯的氨基进行Boc基团保护;
h)在氢氧化锂的催化下,对Boc基团保护的4-(2-氨基乙烷氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯进行酯水解,得到化合物E;
(3)具有生色团的分子探针的生色团G的制备方法:
i)N,N-二甲基苯二胺在十八水和硫酸铝,硫代硫酸钠和氯化锌的存在下,重铬酸钾催化下,对N,N-二甲基苯二胺氨基的邻位进行过氧硫代苯磺修饰,生成2-氨基-5-(二乙基氨基)过氧硫代苯磺酸;
j)N-甲基苯胺在2,6-二甲基吡啶和4-溴丁酸乙酯存在下,将二级胺转化为三级胺,并在烷基链一端引入羧酸基团,生成4-((甲基-苯基)氨基)丁酸;
k)2-氨基-5-(二乙基氨基)过氧硫代苯磺酸和4-((甲基-苯基)氨基)丁酸共存的情况下,采用Fetizon试剂催化成环,得到化合物G;
(4)含有如通式A1所示的荧光基团的分子探针以及含有如通式A2所示的生色团的分子探针的制备方法:
化合物D在三乙胺存在下与4-(三氟甲氧基)苯磺酰氯反应,生成通式A1所示的荧光基团的分子探针;其中化合物D:三乙胺:4-(三氟甲氧基)苯磺酰氯的摩尔比例为=1:0.5~2:1~1.25;
化合物D与化合物E,然后再与化合物G,采用酰胺键生成反应合成,生成通式A2所示的生色团的分子探针,其中化合物D:化合物E:化合物G的摩尔比例为=1:1.1~1.2:1.1~1.2。
进一步地,步骤a)中环氧环己烷:叠氮化钠:三苯基膦的摩尔比例为=1:2~3:0.7~1.5;步骤b)中7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷:三乙胺:4-二甲氨基吡啶的摩尔比例为=1:2~3:0.01~0.05;步骤c)中高氯酸锂:叔-丁基7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-7-甲酸基酯:(S)-(-)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺的摩尔比例为=0.1:1~1.5:1~1.5。
进一步地,步骤e)中3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯:3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯:N-(2-溴乙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺的摩尔比例为=1:1~1.25:1.3~1.8。
步骤i)中N,N-二甲基苯二胺:十八水和硫酸铝:硫代硫酸钠:氯化锌:重铬酸钾的摩尔比例为=1.2~1.5:1~1.1:2~2.5:0.2~0.4;步骤j)中N-甲基苯胺:2,6-二甲基吡啶:4-溴丁酸乙酯的摩尔比例为=1:1~1.25:1~1.25。
本发明还提供了所述分子探针的应用,用于甲状旁腺切除手术中特异性识别甲状旁腺。
进一步地,在甲状旁腺手术时注射或者向甲状腺喷洒分子探针的方式,使甲状旁腺进行特异性分子染色,以识别甲状旁腺。有助于外科手术时对于甲状旁腺的切除。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明提供了一种用于甲状旁腺切除手术中分子显色剂的设计及合成,该分子探针与其它甲状旁腺切除手术中应用的显色剂相比,免去了应用抗原、抗体和核适体链接显影分子的复杂方法,对甲状旁腺周围组织,如甲状腺及脂肪组织存在下,具有很高的选择性。
2、该分子探针相对于现存的染色剂相比,分子稳定,相对分子质量小。
3、该分子探针应用于甲状旁腺切除手术中,具有极高安全性。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明,列举以下实施例,但它并不限制各附加权利要求所定义的发明范围。
本发明所述分子探针的合成路线为:
实施例1
化合物A的制备
2-叠氮环己醇((1R,2R)-2-azidocyclohexan-1-ol)合成步骤:环氧环己烷(15.5mL,153mmol)和NaN3(25.2g,387mmol)溶于H2O和丙酮的混合溶液中(1:1,160mL),加热回流17小时(反应温度设置为75℃)。待反应结束后,旋蒸走丙酮,剩余的水体系用乙醚萃取(3*80mL)。合并萃取液用水洗两次(2*20mL)后用MgSO4干燥。旋蒸干溶剂得到2-叠氮环己醇为黄色油状物(产率99%),直接用于下一步合成反应。Rf0.6(石油醚:乙酸乙酯,9:1)。1HNMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ3.41(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.04(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.97(s,1H),2.01–1.89(m,1H),1.77–1.67(m,1H),1.71–1.61(m,2H),1.64–1.57(m,1H),1.52–1.40(m,1H),1.39(dt,J=12.6,6.7Hz,1H),1.32(dt,J=12.5,6.9Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ73.40,61.62,33.82,30.34,25.61,24.36.。
7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷(7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane)A合成步骤:
三苯基磷(38.6g,148mmol)在30分钟内滴加到上步得到的2-叠氮环己醇(20.9g)四氢呋喃溶液中(125mL),此过程有N2从体系中放出,混合溶液回流17小时。待反应结束后,正戊烷(500mL)加入到反应体系中以沉淀三苯基氧膦,过滤沉淀后旋干体系得到产物7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷为无色油状物质,此物质不用纯化,在-5℃下可以固化,需要保存在干燥低温环境中。Rf 0.25(二氯甲烷:甲醇=9:1)。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ2.01(ddt,J=9.2,6.6,3.3Hz,2H),1.85–1.73(m,2H),1.65(tddd,J=11.9,9.9,6.9,4.7Hz,4H),1.39(dddd,J=11.3,6.8,4.7,2.6Hz,2H),1.23(s,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ36.94,25.05,21.82.
实施例2
化合物B的制备
Boc-7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-7-羧酸叔丁酯(tert-butyl 7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxylate)B化合物合成:在氮气气氛下,化合物A(0.194g,2mmol),三乙胺(0.525g,5.2mmol)和催化量4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)溶于3mL无水二氯甲烷中,此溶液冷却到0℃后加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(0.905g,5.2mmol)。此溶液在0℃搅拌10分钟后,将反应体系至于室温继续搅拌2小时。待反应结束后,用20mL水淬灭反应。此体系用饱和氯化铵溶液(20mL)稀释。水相用乙醚(2*25mL)萃取后合并萃取液,用饱和KHSO4(20mL)溶液,饱和Na2CO3(20mL)和饱和NaCl(20mL)洗涤有机相,然后干燥有机相。旋干溶液后得到化合物B粗产品,然后层析柱分离纯化得黄色油状物(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=95:5)。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.00(ddd,J=6.9,4.8,2.1Hz,1H),1.98–1.73(m,3H),1.80(s,1H),1.54–1.42(m,1H),1.47(s,6H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ157.76,80.54,33.57,28.54,24.20,21.75.
实施例3
化合物C(tert-butyl(2-(((S)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamate)的合成:
化合物B(1mmol)和LiClO4(0.1mmol)溶于无水乙腈(6mL)中,(S)-(-)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺(1.25mmol)在惰性气氛、室温下加入溶液中。反应溶液回流下直到反应完全(用TLC检测反应,约需要4-8小时)。反应体系旋去大多数乙腈后,粗产品分配在乙酸乙酯和水的两相体系之中,有机相用水、盐水洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩后用乙酸乙酯和石油醚作为流动相层析柱分离得纯产品。这里有两个构型SSR和RRR,通过硅胶层析柱分离(二氯甲烷:甲醇体积比=100:10~20),后流出组分为SSR构型,为目标化合物。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.91(dt,J=6.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.75(dt,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.61–7.50(m,4H),7.46(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.35(s,1H),3.88(dq,J=25.3,6.8Hz,2H),3.19(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.84–1.39(m,11H),1.44(s,10H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ155.83,136.73,133.39,132.30,128.42,127.40,126.62,125.63,124.06,123.36,123.25,79.69,59.54,59.13,56.02,32.48,32.09,28.34,25.00,24.73,22.08.
实施例4
化合物D((1S,2S)-N1-((R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine)的合成
1g(2.71mmol)化合物C溶于50mL二氧六环中,加入4M HCl溶液10mL,在空气气氛下反应24小时,TLC检测反应完全后,减压旋干二氧六环后,加入二氯甲烷萃取剩余水相中的产物,然后硫酸钠干燥,不用进一步分离。1HNMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.91(dt,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=7.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.74(dt,J=7.3,1.5Hz,1H),7.58–7.50(m,2H),7.48–7.40(m,2H),3.99(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),2.68(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.12(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.87–1.76(m,1H),1.78–1.62(m,3H),1.57–1.51(m,5H),1.44–1.26(m,4H),1.29–1.15(m,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,Common NMR Solvents)δ136.73,133.39,132.30,128.42,127.40,126.62,125.63,124.06,123.36,123.25,61.18,59.54,54.64,34.79,32.39,25.03,25.00,22.08.
实施例5
化合物E的合成
3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯(ethyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate)(63.75mmol)和无水碳酸钾(76.5mmol)溶于100mL DMF中,加热到120℃后,将95.62mmol N-(2-溴乙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺小量分批在一小时内加入到反应体系中去。然后在120℃下过夜反应,待反应结束后,冷却到室温,加入水稀释反应体系后,加入二氯甲烷萃取体系。分液出有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤、旋干溶剂得到无色固体产物,产量95%以上,不需要进一步分离纯化。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.97(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.78(ddd,J=18.1,6.6,2.9Hz,3H),7.70(dd,J=5.7,3.8Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.37–4.27(m,4H),4.07(t,J=4.2Hz,2H),1.34(t,J=8.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ167.80,166.28,156.09,133.72,131.83,131.21,127.58,125.34,123.11,121.97,116.37,66.05,60.94,46.13,14.42.
3-氯-4-(2-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基乙氧基)苯甲酸乙酯(ethyl 3-chloro-4-(2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethoxy)benzoate)63.75mmol溶解到100mL乙醇中去,在室温搅拌下将3.09ml(63.75mmol)水合肼溶液滴加到反应体系中去。反应溶液在100℃下搅拌反应3小时,待反应完全后,冷却到室温。过滤除去生成的沉淀后,将滤液浓缩,用二氯甲烷打浆旋蒸残余物后得到黄色固体,不需要进一步纯化分离,得4-(2-氨基乙氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯(ethyl 4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-chlorobenzoate)。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.98(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.75(dd,J=7.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.47(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),4.31(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.07(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.34(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),1.17(s,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ166.28,156.09,131.21,127.58,125.34,121.97,116.37,66.99,60.94,41.21,14.42.
44.4mmol的4-(2-氨基乙氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯溶于100mL二氯甲烷中,在室温下9.69g二碳酸二叔丁酯(44.4mmol)分小量慢慢加入到反应体系中去。反应混合液在室温下搅拌2小时后,待反应完全后,加入水终止反应。有机层分液后无水硫酸镁干燥,旋干溶剂后层析柱分离,(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=3:7)得无色固体。叔丁氧羰基保护的4-(2-氨基乙氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯,产率81%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.01(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.70(dd,J=7.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.05(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.34(s,1H),4.31(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.23(t,J=4.2Hz,2H),3.38(t,J=4.2Hz,2H),1.44(s,9H),1.34(t,J=8.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ166.28,156.09,156.05,131.21,127.58,125.34,121.97,116.37,79.52,63.38,60.94,39.82,28.30,14.42.
叔丁氧羰基保护的4-(2-氨基乙氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯35.8mmol溶解到100mL四氢呋喃中,氢氧化锂(1.7g,71.6mmol)溶于30ml水中加入到上述四氢呋喃溶液中,在室温下搅拌3小时后,待反应结束。有机溶剂旋干后,剩余的碱性溶液用1M的盐酸调节pH到4,对沉淀物质过滤、水洗,然后再50℃真空干燥箱中过夜干燥得到无色固体产物,4-(2-叔丁氧基羰氨乙氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.10(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=7.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.34(s,1H),4.23(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),3.38(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.44(s,9H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ166.40,156.05,155.30,131.51,127.97,123.60,122.20,116.19,79.52,63.38,39.82,28.30.
实施例6
化合物F的合成:
化合物D((1S,2S)-N1-((R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine)850.05mg和化合物E 4-(2-叔丁氧基羰氨乙氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸1.0g溶解到50mL二氯甲烷中,向此体系中加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐0.49g和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺0.36g,反应采用TLC检测,待反应完全后,旋干溶剂后层析柱分离产物化合物F。1HNMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.94(dt,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.79–7.73(m,2H),7.59–7.43(m,4H),7.38(dd,J=7.4,1.9Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.34(s,1H),5.34(s,1H),4.80(ddd,J=12.4,10.8,5.5Hz,1H),4.56(ddd,J=12.5,10.7,2.2Hz,1H),4.00–3.82(m,2H),3.78(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.60(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.85(s,1H),2.68(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),2.07–1.96(m,1H),1.82–1.60(m,4H),1.54–1.37(m,5H),1.44(s,9H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ166.58,156.05,155.23,136.73,133.39,132.30,131.37,129.86,128.42,127.40,126.62,126.59,125.63,124.06,123.36,123.25,122.33,114.24,79.52,63.38,59.54,58.03,52.60,39.82,31.12,29.53,28.30,24.27,23.53,22.08.
实施例7
化合物G的合成:
2-氨基-5-(二乙基氨基)过氧硫代苯磺酸(2-amino-5-(dimethylamino)benzenesulfonoperoxothioic O-acid)合成:十八水硫酸铝(45.0g,65mmol),硫代硫酸钠(22.0g,140mmol)和氯化锌(8.8g,63mmol)分别溶于100mL,80mL和12mL水中。向反应瓶中称量10g(73mmol)N,N-二甲基苯二胺,然后依次加入上述预配好的水溶液,在搅拌下冷却溶液到0℃。5.0g重铬酸钾(17mmol)溶于30mL的水溶液在30分钟内逐滴加入到反应体系中去,在0℃下继续搅拌2小时,待反应结束后暖到室温下。过滤出生成的沉淀物,依次用水、丙酮,然后用乙醚洗涤得到丁香紫固体,产率为46%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.69(dd,J=7.5,2.0Hz,1H),6.43(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.20(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),4.35(s,2H),2.95(s,6H),1.20(s,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ147.39,144.13,118.66,118.56,116.24,111.38,40.78.
4-((甲基-苯基)氨基)丁酸(4-(methyl(phenyl)amino)butanoic acid)的合成:N-甲基苯胺(10.1mL,93mmol),2,6-二甲基吡啶(11.3mL,100mmol)和4-溴丁酸乙酯(15.0mL,100mmol)在乙腈中回流16小时。待反应完全后,旋干乙腈得靛蓝状剩余物,将其溶于50mL乙酸乙酯后水洗(2*20mL)。有机相干燥后浓缩得靛蓝油状物。通过减压蒸馏的方式除去参与物和试剂。减压剩余物在2.5M 30mLNaOH溶液中回流两小时后,冷却到室温,用浓盐酸酸化溶液到pH=5,然后用乙酸乙酯(3*30mL)萃取,干燥,浓缩得到无色油状物,产率88%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.25(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.85(ddt,J=9.2,5.3,1.8Hz,2H),3.33(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),2.89(s,2H),2.34(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),1.79(p,J=5.1Hz,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ177.71,150.20,129.35,117.56,112.91,52.13,38.96,32.79,24.62.
化合物G的合成:
上两步得到的2-氨基-5-(二乙基氨基)过氧硫代苯磺酸和4-((甲基-苯基)氨基)丁酸各9.7mmol溶解到MeOH-H2O的混合体系中去(200:80mL)。此溶液加热到约50℃,Fetizon试剂(硅藻土负载Ag2CO3)11.4g在15分钟内分批加入到反应体系中。反应回流2小时。过滤掉固载试剂,滤液浓缩后用层析柱分离。杂质可以用乙酸乙酯冲下来,然后二氯甲烷-甲醇(9:1)流动相可以得到靛青-紫罗兰玻璃状固体,产率为35%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.55(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.84(dd,J=7.4,1.6Hz,1H),6.78–6.69(m,2H),3.38(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.89(d,J=7.0Hz,9H),2.17(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),1.80(tt,J=7.5,5.5Hz,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ177.71,150.24,149.06,140.33,131.70,122.14,119.69,117.61,116.26,105.97,52.13,40.78,39.23,32.79,24.62.
实施例8
化合物H的合成
1g(1.77mmol)化合物F溶于50mL二氧六环中,加入4M HCl溶液10mL,在空气气氛下反应24小时,TLC检测反应完全后,减压旋干二氧六环后,加入二氯甲烷萃取剩余水相中的产物,然后硫酸钠干燥,层析柱分离,收率为89%。1HNMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.95(dt,J=6.9,1.5Hz,2H),7.78(dt,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.62–7.41(m,5H),7.21(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.37(s,1H),4.72(dt,J=12.4,2.2Hz,1H),4.15(ddd,J=12.5,11.2,1.7Hz,1H),3.97(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.64(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.20(ddd,J=12.2,11.1,2.3Hz,1H),3.07(dt,J=12.3,1.8Hz,1H),2.68(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.10(tdd,J=9.9,5.4,3.2Hz,1H),1.76(ddtd,J=12.8,8.8,6.8,3.8Hz,2H),1.69–1.36(m,11H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ166.58,155.23,136.73,133.39,132.30,131.37,129.86,128.42,127.40,126.62,126.59,125.63,124.06,123.36,123.25,122.33,114.24,67.40,59.54,58.03,52.60,41.21,31.12,29.53,24.27,23.53,22.08.
实施例9
化合物A1的合成
67.1mg(0.25mmol)化合物D溶解于3mL二氯甲烷中,加入34.75mmL三乙胺后,搅拌10分钟后,慢慢滴加4-(三氟甲氧基)苯磺酰氯(67.44mg,0.25mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液3mL。反应混合物搅拌15h,减压除去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析法纯化混合物,收率为70%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.45(ddd,J=20.9,7.5,1.5Hz,2H),8.15(dd,J=7.5,1.5Hz,1H),8.06(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.94(dt,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.77(dt,J=7.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.62(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.58–7.41(m,5H),7.20(dd,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),4.80(s,1H),4.06(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.87(s,1H),2.91(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.78(s,6H),2.28(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),2.00–1.89(m,1H),1.80–1.64(m,1H),1.67–1.56(m,1H),1.52(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.46–1.24(m,4H).13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ145.60,136.73,136.16,134.78,133.39,132.30,129.23,128.67,128.42,127.57,127.40,126.62,126.35,125.63,124.06,123.36,123.25,121.14,119.57,59.76,59.54,56.35,45.64,32.48,32.25,25.00,22.08.
化合物A2的合成
50mg化合物H(0.107mmol)与38.25mg化合物G(0.107mmol)在酰胺缩合剂DCC(dicyclohexylcarbodiimide),EDC(1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl amino propyl)-carbodiimide),HATU、HBTU、TATU、TBTU,DMT-MM(2-Chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine+N-methyl morpholine)等缩合剂存在下反应生成目标产物A2(化合物H:化合物G:缩合剂的摩尔比例为=1:1:1.2~1.8),通过层析柱分离。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.12(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),7.97–7.88(m,2H),7.76(dt,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.60–7.50(m,2H),7.51–7.43(m,2H),7.24(dd,J=7.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.02(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.87–6.76(m,3H),6.57(s,1H),6.37(s,1H),4.49(ddd,J=12.6,11.0,1.8Hz,1H),4.25(dt,J=12.4,2.0Hz,1H),4.13(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.96–3.83(m,2H),3.70(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.28(dt,J=12.3,1.8Hz,1H),2.88(d,J=15.2Hz,10H),2.72–2.59(m,2H),2.43(td,J=12.6,2.3Hz,1H),2.31(qt,J=12.6,2.5Hz,1H),2.11(dq,J=13.5,6.7Hz,1H),1.80(qt,J=12.6,2.6Hz,1H),1.71–1.58(m,2H),1.61–1.37(m,8H),1.34(s,1H).13CNMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ173.95,166.58,155.23,150.58,149.40,140.76,136.73,133.39,132.30,131.74,131.37,129.86,128.42,127.40,126.62,126.59,125.63,124.06,123.36,123.25,122.33,122.17,119.72,117.66,116.31,114.24,105.97,63.38,59.54,59.13,55.00,52.13,40.78,39.23,38.88,34.14,32.48,32.09,25.00,24.73,23.67,22.08.
Claims (7)
2.权利要求1所示的分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)分子探针的母体D,即环己二胺萘胺端的制备方法:
a)环氧环己烷在叠氮化钠的作用下开环,生成2-叠氮环己醇,然后在三苯基膦存在下关环生成7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷;
b)7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷在三乙胺和催化量的4-二甲氨基吡啶存在下对7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷上叔丁氧羰基Boc保护基团;
c)在高氯酸锂催化下,叔-丁基7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-7-甲酸基酯与(S)-(-)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺反应开环,生成化合物C,化合物C存在顺、反构型,为RRS构型和SSS构型;通过硅胶层析柱分离,收集SSR构型的化合物C;
d)对SSR构型的化合物C,在盐酸催化下,以二氧六环为溶剂进行叔丁氧羰基的脱除,生成化合物D,此化合物为探针分子的母体;
(2)具有生色团的分子探针的连接子E的制备方法:
e)3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯在无水碳酸钾催化下,与N-(2-溴乙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺反应,向酚羟基上引入邻苯二甲酰亚胺的烷基链,此烷基链可以调节长度,从两个碳到十二个碳;
f)邻苯二甲酰亚胺在水合肼作用下转化为含有氨基的4-(2-氨基乙烷氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯;
g)对4-(2-氨基乙烷氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯的氨基进行Boc基团保护;
h)在氢氧化锂的催化下,对Boc基团保护的4-(2-氨基乙烷氧基)-3-氯苯甲酸乙酯进行酯水解,得到化合物E;
(3)具有生色团的分子探针的生色团G的制备方法:
i)N,N-二甲基苯二胺在十八水和硫酸铝,硫代硫酸钠和氯化锌的存在下,重铬酸钾催化下,对N,N-二甲基苯二胺氨基的邻位进行过氧硫代苯磺修饰,生成2-氨基-5-(二乙基氨基)过氧硫代苯磺酸;
j)N-甲基苯胺在2,6-二甲基吡啶和4-溴丁酸乙酯存在下,将二级胺转化为三级胺,并在烷基链一端引入羧酸基团,生成4-((甲基-苯基)氨基)丁酸;
k)2-氨基-5-(二乙基氨基)过氧硫代苯磺酸和4-((甲基-苯基)氨基)丁酸共存的情况下,采用Fetizon试剂催化成环,得到化合物G;
(4)含有如通式A1所示的荧光基团的分子探针以及含有如通式A2所示的生色团的分子探针的制备方法:
化合物D在三乙胺存在下与4-(三氟甲氧基)苯磺酰氯反应,生成通式A1所示的荧光基团的分子探针;其中化合物D:三乙胺:4-(三氟甲氧基)苯磺酰氯的摩尔比例为=1:0.5~2:1~1.25;
化合物D与化合物E,然后再与化合物G,采用酰胺键生成反应合成,生成通式A2所示的生色团的分子探针,其中化合物D:化合物E:化合物G的摩尔比例为=1:1.1~1.2:1.1~1.2。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中环氧环己烷:叠氮化钠:三苯基膦的摩尔比例为=1:2~3:0.7~1.5;步骤b)中7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷:三乙胺:4-二甲氨基吡啶的摩尔比例为=1:2~3:0.01~0.05;步骤c)中高氯酸锂:叔-丁基7-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-7-甲酸基酯:(S)-(-)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺的摩尔比例为=0.1:1~1.5:1~1.5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤e)中3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯:3-氯-4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯:N-(2-溴乙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺的摩尔比例为=1:1~1.25:1.3~1.8。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤i)中N,N-二甲基苯二胺:十八水和硫酸铝:硫代硫酸钠:氯化锌:重铬酸钾的摩尔比例为=1.2~1.5:1~1.1:2~2.5:0.2~0.4;步骤j)中N-甲基苯胺:2,6-二甲基吡啶:4-溴丁酸乙酯的摩尔比例为=1:1~1.25:1~1.25。
6.权利要求1所述的分子探针的应用,其特征在于,用于甲状旁腺切除手术中特异性识别甲状旁腺。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,在甲状旁腺手术时注射或者向甲状腺喷洒分子探针的方式,使甲状旁腺进行特异性分子染色,以识别甲状旁腺。
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