CN113166575A - 增强的pvoh基阻挡层组合物、阻挡层和其制造方法 - Google Patents
增强的pvoh基阻挡层组合物、阻挡层和其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113166575A CN113166575A CN201980077332.0A CN201980077332A CN113166575A CN 113166575 A CN113166575 A CN 113166575A CN 201980077332 A CN201980077332 A CN 201980077332A CN 113166575 A CN113166575 A CN 113166575A
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- Prior art keywords
- pvoh
- mol
- packaging material
- barrier layer
- ipcfa
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Abstract
提供了一种包含纤维基基底和基于聚乙烯醇(PVOH)的气体阻挡层的包装材料,其中所述气体阻挡层包含互聚物复合物形成剂(IPCFA),所述IPCFA为水溶性聚合物,呈现能够与PVOH的‑OH基团形成氢键的官能团。所述PVOH具有的根据ASTM D4001–13测量的重均分子量(Mw)在约80kg/mol到135kg/mol的范围内,所述气体阻挡层中的所述IPCFA与PVOH的比例在0.5到7.0%(w/w)的范围内,并且所述包装材料具有的氧气渗透性(OP)低于14mlμm/m2天atm,所述OP通过将根据ASTM F1927‑7在80%的相对湿度(RH)和23℃下测量的所述包装材料的氧气穿透率(OTR)乘以所述气体阻挡层的厚度而获得。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及包装材料领域,并且特别涉及增强的PVOH基阻挡层和其制造方法,以及包含所述阻挡层的包装材料和由其制得的包装,特别是敏感产品诸如但不限于食品、饮料和药物的包装。
背景技术
包装制造行业面临着一个重大的挑战,即发展能够基于可持续资源生产包装,并且可以比目前更低的成本和/或能量消耗水平进行生产的概念。这尤其涉及生产用于敏感产品诸如食品、饮料和药物的包装的那些行业板块。
目前,这些包装产品含有若干层化石基聚合物诸如聚乙烯和铝,其在各种环境条件(例如湿度和温度)下保护敏感内容物不受气味、湿气、氧气和光的影响。值得注意的是,即使铝构成包装产品中的最小阻挡组分,但铝占了包装制造过程中消耗的大部分能量。替代这些材料的努力正在进行,但并非没有挑战。
聚乙烯醇(PVOH)是非离子水溶性聚合物,其具有吸引人的特性,诸如生物可降解性和针对油脂和油包括矿物油形成有效阻挡层的能力。此外,聚合物链的羟基基团之间的氢键连同聚合物的半结晶结构使得能够形成致密层,这使PVOH成为最佳的可用聚合物基气体阻挡物之一。最后,根据官方规定,诸如德国联邦风险评估研究所(GermanBundesinstitut fürRisikobewertung;BfR)或美国食品药品监督管理局(U.S.Food andDrug Administration;FDA)颁布的官方规定,PVOH是经过批准的用于食品包装的材料;因此,PVOH是用于包装行业的极具吸引力的材料。
WO 2013/064500(Johan Larsson和Anders Karlsson)公开了包含聚合物和表面活性剂的可幕涂气体阻挡涂料组合物,其中聚合物选自由聚乙烯醇和多糖或其混合物组成的组,其中所述多糖可溶解或可分散或可悬浮于水中,并且表面活性剂是水溶性非离子乙氧基化醇。WO 2013/064500还涉及借助于涂料组合物为基底提供气体阻挡层的方法,以及具有至少一个通过用涂料组合物涂覆基底而获得的气体阻挡层的经涂覆的基底。此外,WO2013/064500涉及包含用涂料组合物涂覆的经涂覆的纸板的包装材料,以及包含这类包装材料的液体包装。
然而,包装行业中PVOH作为有效阻挡物的更广泛实施的主要障碍是聚合物的亲水性,这在高湿度条件下大大降低了阻挡物的有效性。本文中的术语“高湿度条件”是指>50%的相对湿度(RH)或甚至>80%RH。
解决这一缺陷有不同的方法。举例来说,试图通过添加纳米填料来改进PVOH膜的阻挡特性。纳米填料是以高表面积和高纵横比为特征的颗粒。高表面积和纵横比在阻挡应用中是有利的,因为颗粒在被最佳施用时会使气体分子更难以扩散通过涂层。然而,聚合物基质中纳米填料颗粒的最佳施用(均匀分布)通过工业相关的即简单并且负担得起的工艺难以实现。
这可以由纳米填料的高纵横比和表面积导致纳米颗粒的严重聚集来解释。因此,必须使用过量的纳米填料,诸如基于聚合物基质的量>>10%(w/w),以实现吸引人的气体阻挡特性。这一缺点会产生问题,因为由纳米填料聚集产生的应力点会导致纳米复合材料的机械特性劣化。
改进PVOH在潮湿条件下的阻挡特性的另一方法是使PVOH聚合物链交联。这通常通过在将配制物施用到基底上或基底并且随后干燥之前使PVOH与交联剂混合来实现。然而,正如以下引用将证实的,这一方法常常涉及纸浆和造纸业中并非优选使用的化学物质或工艺的采用。更重要的是,通过这一途径所实现的改进似乎不大。
已有指示(参见Labuschagne等人,2008)表明,PVOH的气体阻挡特性可通过半结晶PVOH层的非晶部分的致密化来改进。PVOH层的非晶部分的致密化可通过互聚物复合工艺来实现。这通过添加聚合物来获得,该聚合物可通过强氢键相互作用与PVOH发生强相互作用。Labuschagne等人报导,在向PVOH添加20%(w/w)聚(甲基乙烯基醚co-马来酸)后,阻挡特性提高了三倍。
WO 2004/089624(A.J.Kruger和P.A.Truter)涉及互聚物复合概念的使用。在该申请中,发明人以配制物为例说明了其发明,所述配制物按干重计由30%(w/w)聚(甲基乙烯基醚co-马来酸)和70%(w/w)PVOH组成。值得注意的是,基于所述配制物,对于25μm的阻挡层,阻挡特性仅提高了三倍,这并非卓越的成就。
在更近的研究中(Lim等人,2016),研究了聚(乙烯醇)与聚(丙烯酸)共混用于包装应用的阻氧特性和抗水特性。在这里,通过酯化工艺使用聚丙烯酸使PVOH交联,该工艺需要在150℃下干燥涂层一小时。作者报导了阻挡特性在0%RH下测量时提高了约三倍。
仍需制造可用的PVOH基阻挡层,所述PVOH基阻挡层在高湿度条件即50%RH和更高下表现良好,并且能通过适用于工业应用的工艺来生产。
发明内容
本公开着眼于解决现有技术的问题,并且获得了用于形成PVOH基阻挡层的改进的方法、呈现优异特性的PVOH基阻挡层、包含所述层的包装材料以及包装产品,即包装,并且特别是用于敏感产品诸如食品、饮料和药物的包装。
根据第一方面,本公开获得了包含纤维基基底和基于聚乙烯醇(PVOH)的气体阻挡层的包装材料,其中所述气体阻挡层包含互聚物复合物形成剂(IPCFA),所述IPCFA为水溶性聚合物,呈现能够与PVOH的-OH基团形成氢键的官能团,其特征在于所述气体阻挡层中的所述IPCFA与PVOH的比例在0.5至7.0%(w/w)的范围内,并且所述包装材料具有的氧气渗透性(OP)低于14mlμm/m2天atm,所述OP通过将包装材料的氧气穿透率(OTR)乘以气体阻挡层的厚度而获得。OTR根据ASTM F1927-07在80%的相对湿度(RH)和23℃的温度下测量。替代地,其可根据ASTM D3985进行测量。
气体阻挡层的厚度优选通过将气体阻挡层的涂料重量除以气体阻挡层的密度来获得。在一种实施方式中,气体阻挡层的密度假定为1.30g/cm3。当气体阻挡层基本上不包含纳米填料时,这样的假定可尤其适用。
值得注意地,PVOH基阻挡物主要是气体阻挡物,但在某种程度上也是用于蒸气和液体的阻挡物。
IPCFA在PVOH中相对低的浓度通常会降低成本,并且是环境有益的(例如可降解性和/或可回收性)。此外,IPCFA的较低量通常会产生较少的迁移问题。
纤维基基底通常是基于纤维素纤维或纤维素原纤维。纤维或原纤维优选是木材衍生的。
根据所述第一方面的实施方式,所述IPCFA具有的重均分子量(Mw)在10kg/mol到1500kg/mol,诸如25kg/mol到1500kg/mol或10kg/mol到1000kg/mol的范围内,优选在30kg/mol到700kg/mol之间,更优选在50kg/mol到500kg/mol之间,并且最优选在100kg/mol到700kg/mol,诸如200kg/mol到700kg/mol之间。如图2所示,这些Mw范围内的IPCFA在PVOH中具有的最佳浓度在1-5%的范围内。
根据所述第一方面的实施方式,可与以上方面和其实施方式自由组合,所述IPCFA既不是纤维素或纤维素基聚合物,也不是包含任选取代的苯乙烯基团的聚合物。纤维素或纤维素基聚合物可能太硬而无法与PVOH紧密复合。类似地,苯乙烯基团可干扰与PVOH的氢键结合。
IPCFA优选是线性聚合物,诸如线性均聚物。IPCFA可以是非离子的。
根据所述第一方面的实施方式,可与以上方面和其实施方式自由组合,所述IPCFA的重复单元包含酰胺基团、羧基基团或吡咯烷酮基团。
根据优选的实施方式,所述IPCFA因此是包含重复单元的线性聚合物,所述重复单元包含酰胺基团、羧基基团或吡咯烷酮基团,条件是所述线性聚合物不是纤维素基的,并且不包含具有任选取代的苯乙烯基团的重复单元。
举例来说,所述IPCFA可选自由以下组成的组:聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚(甲基乙烯基醚-alt-马来酸)和非离子聚丙烯酰胺。所述组可限于聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和非离子聚丙烯酰胺。
根据所述第一方面的另一实施方式,可与以上方面和其实施方式自由组合,气体阻挡层中所述IPCFA与PVOH相比的比例在0.5-6%、1-6%(w/w)诸如1-5%(w/w)之间,优选地在1至4%(w/w)更优选2至3%(w/w)之间。
根据所述第一方面的另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,PVOH具有的重均分子量(Mw)在10kg/mol到500kg/mol、优选50kg/mol到300kg/mol、并且更优选约80到200kg/mol、并且最优选80kg/mol到135kg/mol的范围内。其优势为阻氧特性的重要改进已经在IPCFA的相对低的浓度下获得。
根据所述第一方面的另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,所述PVOH具有的水解度为98至100%。
根据所述第一方面的又另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,所述气体阻挡层还包含纳米填料,优选选自由以下组成的组的纳米填料:膨润土、高岭土、蒙脱石和云母。
根据其实施方式,基于聚合物的重量,纳米填料以约1至约50重量%、优选约5至约30重量%、并且更优选约10至约20重量%之间存在。
氧气阻挡层也可以基本上不含纳米填料。
根据所述第一方面的另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,气体阻挡层的涂料重量在0.8到8.0g/m2、优选1.2–4.0g/m2、并且更优选1.6–3.2g/m2之间。
根据所述第一方面的又另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,所述纤维基基底是包含至少一个纤维基层的纸或纸板。纸或纸板的克重可例如在25-400g/m2的范围内(根据ISO 536:2012测量)。在一种实施方式中,基底是具有的克重为25-140g/m2(ISO 536:2012)的纸。在另一实施方式中,基底是具有的克重为140-400g/m2(ISO 536:2012)的多层纸板。
根据所述第一方面的又另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,根据ASTM F1927-07在50%的相对湿度(RH)和23℃下测量,所述气体阻挡层具有的氧气穿透率(OTR)在0.1到3ml/m2天atm之间,优选在0.1到2.5ml/m2天atm、并且最优选0.1到1ml/m2天atm之间。
根据所述第一方面的又另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,根据ASTM F1927-07在80%的相对湿度(RH)和23℃下测量,所述气体阻挡层具有的氧气穿透率(OTR)在0.5到3ml/m2天atm之间,优选在0.5到2.5ml/m2天atm、并且最优选0.5到1ml/m2天atm之间。
根据第二方面,本公开获得了用于生产根据第一方面的包装材料的方法,其中提供包含溶解在第一溶剂中的所述PVOH和所述IPCFA的涂料组合物,并且将所述涂料组合物施用到所述基底上以形成所述PVOH基气体阻挡层。上文所论述的第一方面的实施方式加以必要的修正应用于第二方面。
根据第二方面的实施方式,所述PVOH基气体阻挡层的形成包括在低于所述第一溶剂的沸点的温度下干燥所施用的涂料组合物。
根据第二方面的另一实施方式,可与上文自由组合,所述PVOH基层(VOH-basedlayer)在其已干燥后通过使其与交联剂和任选的催化剂接触而交联,从而实现聚合物的交联。在干燥之后交联相比在干燥之前交联对阻挡特性具有更好的影响。
在与交联剂接触之后,所述PVOH基层通常在低于交联应用于其中的溶剂的沸点的温度下再次干燥。在这样的干燥之后,所述PVOH基层可经历加热步骤,所述加热步骤通常加热到在101–170℃之间,优选在130到160℃之间,并且最优选在140到150℃之间的温度。因此,可获得固化效应。
根据所述第二方面的另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,通过幕涂、刮涂、棒涂、喷涂或辊涂或其两种或更多种的组合将所述涂料组合物施用到纤维基基底上。
本公开的第三方面是包含根据第一方面或其一种或多种实施方式的包装材料的包装或容器。所述包装优选地是可食用产品、食物、饮料或药物的包装。
在研究以下权利要求和描述,包括附图和实施例之后,其它方面和其实施方式对于技术人员将是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1从左到右示出了在实施例中测试的形成互聚物复合物的聚合物:聚乙烯醇、非离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚(甲基乙烯基醚-alt-马来酸)、聚丙烯酸和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的化学结构。
图2示出了针对四种不同的形成互聚物复合物的聚合物:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚(甲基乙烯基醚-alt-马来酸)(PMV)和非离子聚丙烯酰胺(NPA)确定的PVOH-IPCFA共混物中的估计的最佳浓度(%w/w)。图2的x轴表示Mw。
图3示出了在不同的PVOH品质中,剪切粘度随不同重均分子量的PVP的浓度而变化:
在图3A中,PVOH品质为POVAL 6/98(Mw=47kg/mol);
在图3B中,PVOH品质为Mowiol 10/98(Mw=61kg/mol);
在图3C中,PVOH品质为POVAL 15/99(估计Mw=100kg/mol);
在图3D中,PVOH品质为Mowiol 20/98(Mw=125kg/mol);
在图3E中,PVOH品质为POVAL 15/99(Mw=145kg/mol);以及
在图3F中,PVOH品质为363146(Sigma Aldrich)(Mw=85-124kg/mol)。图3F也包括PAA。
图3G示出了Exceval AQ4104的参考实验,Exceval AQ4104为特性类似于具有的估计Mw为70kg/mol的EVOH以及具有的Mw为360kg/mol的PVP的经过改性的PVOH。
图4a和b示出了用实验涂料配制物涂覆的纸板基底的针孔测试结果:a)纯PVOH;b)含有10%(w/w)纳米填料的PVOH;c)PVOH-PMV(2.5%(w/w));d)PVOH-PMV(2.5%(w/w))10%纳米填料;e)PVOH-PAA(1%(w/w));f)PVOH-PAA(1%(w/w))10%(w/w)纳米填料;g)PVOH-PVV(2.5%(w/w));和h)PVOH-NPA(2%(w/w))。
图5A示出了随PMV(Mw=216kg/mol)在PVOH(POVAL 15/99)中的浓度而变化的粘度(空心方块/虚线)和在80%RH和23℃下的OTR(实心方块/实线)。
图5B示出了随PVP(Mw=360kg/mol)在PVOH(POVAL 15/99)中的浓度而变化的粘度(空心三角/虚线)和在80%RH和23℃下的OTR(实心三角/实线)。
图5C示出了随PAA(Mw=250kg/mol)在PVOH(POVAL 15/99)中的浓度而变化的粘度(空心星形/虚线)和在80%RH和23℃下的OTR(实心星形/实线)。
具体实施方式
术语“基底”是指期望改进阻挡特性并且可将PVOH基涂层施用于其上的任何基底。本公开主要涉及纤维素和/或纤维基基底,诸如膜或纸,包括由纤维素纤维和/或纤维素原纤维制成的纸板或包含纤维素纤维和/或纤维素原纤维的纸板。
术语“纤维”涵盖纤维素纤维,诸如原生纤维(virgin fibre),例如漂白和/或未漂白的牛皮纸浆或化学热机械纸浆(CTMP),而且也包括再循环纤维、纸浆再回收纸,诸如浆状新闻纸、脱墨纸浆(DIP)等。
“分子量”通常是指重均分子量(Mw),其可根据标准ASTM D4001–13确定。
根据第一方面,提供了一种包含纤维基基底和基于聚乙烯醇(PVOH)的气体阻挡层的包装材料,其中所述气体阻挡层包含互聚物复合物形成剂(IPCFA),所述IPCFA为水溶性聚合物,呈现能够与PVOH的-OH基团形成氢键的官能团。所述气体阻挡层中的所述IPCFA与PVOH的比例在0.5到7.0%(w/w)的范围内,并且所述包装材料具有的氧气渗透性(OP)低于14mlμm/m2天atm,所述OP通过将根据ASTM F1927-07在80%的相对湿度(RH)下测量的包装材料的氧气穿透率(OTR)乘以气体阻挡层的厚度而获得。
所述阻挡层抑制气体的迁移,并且在一定程度上也抑制蒸气和液体的迁移。
阻挡层中所述IPCFA与PVOH相比的比例可以在1–5%(w/w)之间,优选在2到3%(w/w)之间。这是出人意料得少的量,特别是当与教导添加约30%的形成互聚物复合物的聚合物的先前公开相比时。
所述PVOH具有的水解度优选为至少约98%,或在约98到100%之间。此外,优选使用PVOH的完全皂化等级。具有的水解度为约98-100%的不同品质的PVOH是可用的,例如具有以下Mw的产品:13-23kg/mol、27kg/mol、31-50kg/mol、89-98kg/mol、85-124kg/mol、125kg/mol、130kg/mol、145kg/mol、146-186kg/mol和195kg/mol。
再次不希望受理论束缚,本发明人发现,PVOH的分子量以及IPCFA的分子量和其组合具有重要意义。上文论述了PVOH和IPCFA的有利的分子量。
PVOH产品常常通过4%溶液的粘度来表征。技术人员非常熟悉用于确定聚合物的粘度的不同标准方法,例如使用毛细管型粘度计,例如乌别洛特型粘度计(Ubbelohde-typeviscometer)或奥斯特瓦尔德型粘度计(Ostwald-type viscosimeter)。值得注意地,具有的粘度高于5mPas的PVOH产品已获得FDA/BfR批准。
因此,根据所述第一方面的另一实施方式,可与以上方面和实施方式自由组合,如根据标准DIN 53015/JIS K 6726在20℃下确定,PVOH的粘度优选在约4到28mPas之间,优选高于5mPas,因为具有的粘度高于5mPas的PVOH产品已获得FDA/BfR批准用于食品包装应用。
下文呈现的实验结果表明,组合使用IPCFA和纳米填料不仅有可能减少两种组分的量,而且可对于针孔缺陷的形成减少具有积极作用(参见图4)。通过在组合物中包括IPCFA:s而有可能减少纳米填料的量是有利的,还因为其降低了阻挡层变脆(有时与纳米颗粒相关的一种特性)的风险。
在大多数应用期望无纳米填料的阻挡层时,组合IPCFA:s和减少量的纳米填料的可能性在一些应用中是期望的。当涂覆在后续包装应用中要求是柔性的三维物体或基底时,在阻挡层的柔性和耐用性非常重要的填充、封闭或其它处理步骤中,纳米填料的含量可以最小化或完全避免将是相当大的优势。
阻挡层的涂料重量通常在0.8到8.0g/m2、优选1.2–4.0g/m2、并且更优选1.6–3.2g/m2之间。
基底是纤维基基底,诸如包含至少一个纤维基层的纸或纸板。
本公开的第二方面涉及用于生产根据第一方面的包装材料的方法,其中提供包含溶解在第一溶剂中的所述PVOH和所述IPCFA的涂料组合物,并且将所述涂料组合物施用到所述基底上以形成所述PVOH基气体阻挡层。
可以通过幕涂、刮涂、棒涂、喷涂或辊涂或其两种或更多种的组合将所述涂料组合物施用到基底上。
相关领域的技术人员熟悉涂覆基底,尤其是纤维基基底诸如纸板的技术。幕涂是一种涂覆工艺,其中将液体涂料组合物的线性流沉积在移动的基底诸如纸幅的表面上。涂料组合物形成液膜(liquid sheet),所述液膜在撞击到待涂覆的移动基底上之前自由下落。
所述PVOH基气体阻挡层的形成可包括在低于所述第一溶剂的沸点的温度下干燥所施用的涂料组合物。干燥方法的实例是使用热空气的空气干燥、氙气闪光灯加热、UV辐射、IR辐射、微波基干燥和对流加热。
在PVOH基层已经干燥之后,可通过使所述PVOH基层与交联剂(和任选的催化剂)接触而使其交联,从而实现聚合物的交联。在干燥之后交联相比在干燥之前交联对阻挡特性具有更好的影响。
在与交联剂接触之后,所述PVOH基层通常在低于交联应用于其中的溶剂的沸点的温度下再次干燥。上文论述了干燥方法的实例。在这样的干燥之后,所述PVOH基层可经历第二加热步骤,所述加热步骤通常加热到在101–170℃之间,优选在130到160℃之间,并且最优选在约140到约150℃之间的温度。这一加热可进行1到10s或1到3分钟。可采用不同的加热方法,诸如热空气加热、氙气闪光灯加热、UV辐射基加热、IR辐射基加热、微波基加热或对流加热。
已经证明所述方法非常可靠,并且例如本发明人已经示出可以在自来水中制备涂料组合物和交联组合物,在以工业规模应用所述方法时,这构成了优势。
本公开的第三方面是包含根据第一方面的包装材料的包装或容器。所述包装优选地是可食用产品、食物、饮料或药物的包装。
实施例
本发明人已使用未改性的PVOH层作为参考进行了大量的实验工作,从而在高相对湿度下获得改进的阻挡特性。
材料
KURARAY15-99(Kuraray America公司)在下表1和图2-5中呈现的实验中用作PVOH。这种聚合物具有的水解度为99%,并且粘度为12.5–17.5mPa.s(在4%(w/w)下测量),估计Mw=约100kg/mol。以下PVOH也用于图3中呈现的实验中:
-POVAL 6/98,Mw=47kg/mol(在4%(w/w)下的粘度=4-5mPas);
-Mowiol 10/98,Mw=61kg/mol(在4%(w/w)下的粘度=9-11mPas);
-Mowiol 20/98,Mw=125kg/mol(在4%(w/w)下的粘度=9-11mPas);
-Poval 28/99,Mw=145kg/mol(在4%(w/w)下的粘度=26-30mPas);和
-聚(乙烯醇),Sigma Aldrich产品编号363146Mw=85-124kg/mol。
在图3G中呈现的参考实验中,使用Exceval AQ4104(kuraray),其为具有的估计Mw为70kg/mol的EVOH品质。
其它组分为:
互聚物:
-来自Sigma Aldrich的非离子聚丙烯酰胺,其具有的Mn为约40kg/mol(NPA低)和150kg/mol(NPA高),分别对应于约74kg/mol和400kg/mol的Mw。
-由Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals公司友好提供的聚(甲基乙烯基醚-alt-马来酸),其具有的Mn为约960kg/mol(PMV高)和80kg/mol(PMV低),分别对应于约1980kg/mol和216kg/mol的Mw。
-聚丙烯酸,其具有的Mw为约250kg/mol(PAA低)和约1300kg/mol(PAA高);和
-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,其具有的Mw为29kg/mol(PVP低)、360kg/mol(PVPm)和1300kg/mol(PVP高)。另外,具有的Mw为55kg/mol的PVP包括在图3C中呈现的实验中。
自来水用于所有实验中。
方法
1.以实验室规模制备聚合物溶液(用于流变研究)
PVOH-PMV、PVOH-PAA和PVOH-PVP溶液通过在室温下在连续搅拌下向水中添加聚合物,随后在95℃下加热一小时来制备。
PVOH-NPA溶液通过首先制备不同聚合物的储备溶液来制备。PVOH(约9%(w/w))通过在95℃下混合一小时来制备,并且NPA储备溶液(1%(w/w))通过在室温下连续搅拌过夜来制备。在搅拌下在60℃下将NPA添加到PVOH溶液中。随后将系统从加热器去除,并且再搅拌十分钟。
2.以实验室规模制备聚合物溶液(用于阻挡研究)
3.以半中试规模制备聚合物溶液(用于阻挡研究)
4.用PVOH基配制物涂覆基底
在实验室规模的实验中,通过实验室棒式涂覆机将聚合溶液施用到塑料基底上。随后通过IR干燥涂层。
在半中试规模设置中,使用实验室规模的幕式涂覆机进行涂覆。输送速度为约6.5m/s,并且泵送速率为约3l/min。所得经涂覆的基底在实验室烘箱中在60℃下干燥20min。
5.流变研究
聚合物悬浮液的剪切粘度使用具有杯锤几何(光滑表面)的流变仪(TAInstruments有限公司,Delaware,美国)在25℃下测量。粘度经测量在10–1000s-1的范围内。
6.阻挡特性
所涂覆膜的OTR(在80%RH/23℃下测量)根据ASTM F1927-07使用来自Mocon公司的仪器进行测量。不同系统的氧气渗透率(OP)通过用涂层的厚度归一化所测量的OTR值来计算。初始厚度值通过SEM测量获得。对于SEM测量,样品在环氧树脂中进行模制以渗透材料的孔隙系统以包住膜。随后将试样切开以暴露新鲜的表面,并且随后使用一系列依次更精细等级的金刚石研膏对所述表面进行抛光。随后通过SEM分析横截面。
8.关于针孔的评估
结果
通过流变研究确定PVOH和不同IPCFA:s的最佳组成。不同聚合物的最佳浓度呈现于图2中,其包括IPCFA PVPm、PVP高、PAA低、PMV高、PMV低、NPA低和NPA高。图2示出了具有的Mw低于1980kg/mol但高于74kg/mol的IPCFA的低最佳浓度,并且特别地具有Mw1300 kg/mol的IPCFA的低的最佳浓度。
随不同PVOH品质中的PVP的分子量和浓度而变化的以10s-1的剪切粘度示于图3A-F中。图3F还包括PAA低。值得注意地,仅可观察具有的Mw高于61kg/mol但低于145kg/mol的PVOH品质的最佳浓度。对于具有的估计Mw为70kg/mol的EVOH类品质,在0-10%的范围中未观察到PVPm的最佳浓度(参见图3G)。
图5示出了在与粘度峰值相同的IPCFA浓度下,OTR达到最佳(最低点)。因此,可以从图3得出关于阻氧特性的结论。
表1呈现了通过棒涂在实验室规模的实验中制备的涂覆膜的OTR,以及通过幕涂以半中试规模制备的涂覆纸箱板的OTR。基于最优化,IPCFA以以下浓度使用:PMV约2.5%(w/w)、NPA约2%(w/w)、PAA约1%(w/w)以及PVP约2.5%(w/w)。OTR棒和OTR幕的比较显示类似的趋势,即阻挡特性通过包含少量IPCFA而有所改进。在许多实验中调整了pH,并且用“*”指示的pH值为无pH调整的系统的实际pH。
表1所涂覆膜的OTR(ml/m2天atm)(在23℃下)
d意指如通过SEM测量的PVOH基气体阻挡层的厚度(μm)
§基于所施用的量估计的值
在评估结果时,还应记住涂层厚度(如通过SEM测量的)为约1–2μm。还应强调,实验方法尚未完全优化,并且阻挡层的特性在单独测试层时确定,而不是像在包装行业中使用的那样采用夹心结构。取决于特定包装的要求,可以组合各种阻挡层,例如可以使用具有良好阻湿特性的层来保护具有良好阻氧特性但具有较低耐湿性的层。然而,尽管本公开的目的是获得在高湿度条件下也具有改进的阻氧特性的阻挡层,但这些层当然可以与其它层组合使用。
结果表明,可以通过非常适用于工业应用的工艺来获得高度期望的阻挡特性,尤其是在高相对湿度下的阻挡特性。此外,可将纳米填料和互聚物复合剂的使用降到最低。还可以生产不需要用许多竞争性工艺中要求的额外保护层覆盖的阻挡层。
参考文献
WO 2004/089624–Packaging;Arnoldus J.Kruger and Patricia A.Truter
WO 2013/064500-Coating composition,a method for coating a substrate,acoated substrate,a packaging material and a liquid packaging;Johan Larssonand Anders Karlsson
Labuschagne PW,Germishuizen WA,C.Verryn SM,Moolman FS(2008),Improvedoxygen barrier performance of poly(vinyl alcohol)films through hydrogen bondcomplex with poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid),European Polymer Journal44:2146-2152
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.04.015
Lim M,Kim D,Seo J(2016),Enhanced oxygen-barrier and water-resistanceproperties of poly(vinyl alcohol)blended with poly(acrylic acid)for packagingapplications,Polymer International 65:400-406 doi:10.1002/pi.5068。
Claims (11)
1.一种包含纤维基基底和基于聚乙烯醇(PVOH)的气体阻挡层的包装材料,其中所述气体阻挡层包含互聚物复合物形成剂(IPCFA),所述IPCFA为呈现能够与所述PVOH的-OH基团形成氢键的官能团的水溶性聚合物,其特征在于所述PVOH具有的根据ASTM D4001–13测量的重均分子量(Mw)在80kg/mol到135kg/mol的范围内,所述气体阻挡层中的所述IPCFA与PVOH的比例在0.5到7.0%(w/w)的范围内,并且所述包装材料具有的氧气渗透性(OP)低于14mlμm/m2天atm,所述OP通过将根据ASTM F1927-7在80%的相对湿度(RH)和23℃下测量的所述包装材料的氧气穿透率(OTR)乘以所述气体阻挡层的厚度而获得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的包装材料,其中,所述IPCFA具有的重均分子量(Mw)在10kg/mol到1500kg/mol诸如25kg/mol到1500kg/mol或10kg/mol到1000kg/mol之间,优选在30kg/mol到700kg/mol之间,更优选在50kg/mol到500kg/mol之间,并且最优选在100kg/mol到700kg/mol诸如200kg/mol到700kg/mol之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的包装材料,其中,所述IPCFA选自聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和非离子聚丙烯酰胺。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装材料,其中,涂料组合物中所述IPCFA与PVOH的比例在0.5到6%(w/w),诸如1到5%(w/w),诸如1到4%(w/w)之间。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装材料,其中,所述纤维基基底是包含至少一个纤维基层的纸或纸板。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装材料,其中,根据ASTMF1927-07并且在50%的相对湿度(RH)和23℃下测量,所述包装材料具有的氧气穿透率(OTR)在0.1到3ml/m2天atm之间。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装材料,其中,根据ASTMF1927-07并且在80%的相对湿度(RH)和23℃下测量,所述包装材料具有的氧气穿透率(OTR)在0.5到3ml/m2天atm之间。
8.一种用于生产根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的包装材料的方法,其中提供包含溶解在第一溶剂中的所述PVOH和所述IPCFA的涂料组合物,以及将所述涂料组合物施用到所述基底上以形成所述PVOH基气体阻挡层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述PVOH基气体阻挡层的形成包括在低于所述第一溶剂的沸点的温度下干燥所施用的涂料组合物。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中,所述PVOH基气体阻挡层的形成包括干燥所施用的涂料组合物以及加热所干燥的涂料组合物。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的方法,其中,在已干燥和任选地加热所述PVOH基层后,通过使所述PVOH基层与交联剂接触而使所述PVOH基层交联,从而实现聚合物的交联。
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WO2020109403A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
CN113166575B (zh) | 2023-01-24 |
US20220009684A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
EP3887445A1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
CN113166512A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
EP3887466B1 (en) | 2024-06-12 |
CN113166512B (zh) | 2023-03-28 |
EP3887466A1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
US20220009212A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
WO2020109401A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
FI3887466T3 (fi) | 2024-09-09 |
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