CN113166279B - 使用多官能的偶联剂制备的支化聚合物 - Google Patents
使用多官能的偶联剂制备的支化聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113166279B CN113166279B CN201980079035.XA CN201980079035A CN113166279B CN 113166279 B CN113166279 B CN 113166279B CN 201980079035 A CN201980079035 A CN 201980079035A CN 113166279 B CN113166279 B CN 113166279B
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- branched
- block
- polymer
- coupling agent
- polyisoprene
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910009257 Y—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 20
- -1 alkenyl arene Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000346 polystyrene-polyisoprene block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LLVWLCAZSOLOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-4-[1,4,4-tris(4-methylphenyl)buta-1,3-dienyl]benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)=CC=C(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 LLVWLCAZSOLOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-myrcene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001120493 Arene Species 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical group C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-myrcene Natural products CC(=C)CCCC(=C)C=C VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005605 branched copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229930009668 farnesene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octadecoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUUFUSNFDFBVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCCC1CO1 Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCCC1CO1 GUUFUSNFDFBVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005684 linear copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;hexane Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCC[CH2-] CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000576 tactic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- IZRJPHXTEXTLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(2-triethoxysilylethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC IZRJPHXTEXTLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCGDCINCKDQXDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-trimethoxysilylethyl)silane Chemical group CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC JCGDCINCKDQXDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
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- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08F297/044—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes using a coupling agent
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- C08C19/25—Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
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- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
- C08C19/44—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton
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- C08F136/04—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F136/08—Isoprene
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- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08F297/046—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and isoprene, optionally with other conjugated dienes
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- C08F8/42—Introducing metal atoms or metal-containing groups
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- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
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- C08J5/02—Direct processing of dispersions, e.g. latex, to articles
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
- C08F2810/40—Chemical modification of a polymer taking place solely at one end or both ends of the polymer backbone, i.e. not in the side or lateral chains
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- C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
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Abstract
衍生自烯基芳烃‑1,3‑二烯单体体系的支化的嵌段共聚物和衍生自异戊二烯的支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物通过在阴离子引发剂的存在下、在0‑100℃的温度下进行聚合,然后与(R1O)3Si‑Y‑Si(OR2)3的多官能偶联剂偶联而获得,其中R1和R2独立地为C1‑C6烷基,Y为C2‑C8亚烷基。如此获得的聚合物可用于许多应用中,包括具有高固含量和低零剪切粘度的橡胶泥,以及用于由其生产含水胶乳。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2018年12月5日提交的美国临时申请号62/775,624和2019年8月21日提交的美国临时申请号62/889,779的优先权,通过引用将其并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及使用多官能偶联剂制备的支化聚合物。
背景技术
弹性嵌段共聚物和均聚物是对于各种最终用途应用是有价值的合成材料。具有一种或多种聚合共轭二烯嵌段的嵌段的均聚物和嵌段共聚物是此类材料的实例。实例包括苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物,和聚丁二烯和聚异戊二烯均聚物。具有相对窄的分子量分布的苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物和聚异戊二烯通常使用阴离子聚合来制备。合成的聚异戊二烯也可以通过使用Ziegler Natta催化剂聚合异戊二烯来生产。聚异戊二烯均聚物是合成的,主要为立构规整的聚合物,在分子结构和性能上与天然橡胶极为相似。最初在有机溶液中生产聚合物,然后可以将其凝结并干燥成固体橡胶,或转化为含水胶乳形式。
持续需要具有增强性能的新型嵌段共聚物和均聚物,且还需要进一步提高制备聚合物及其胶乳的方法的生产率。
发明概述
本公开的一个方面是一种支化的嵌段共聚物,其包含一个或多个聚合物嵌段A和一个或多个聚合物嵌段B且具有式(A-B)m(R1O)3-mSi-Y-Si(R2O)3-n(B-A)n。每个嵌段A独立地包含至少90摩尔%的烯基芳烃,且重均分子量为9-15kg/mol;其中一个或多个嵌段A占嵌段共聚物总重量的8-13重量%。每个嵌段B独立地是包含至少90摩尔%的一种或多种1,3-二烯且重均分子量为75-150kg/mol的聚(1,3-二烯)嵌段。R1和R2独立地为H或C1-C6烷基;Y为C2-C8亚烷基;m和n是独立地具有1-3的值的整数。所述嵌段共聚物的偶联率(CE)为至少40%,优选大于80%。
本公开的另一方面是具有式(C)m(R1O)3-mSi-Y-Si(R2O)3-n(C)n的支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物,其中每个嵌段C独立地是重均分子量为400-1000kg/mol、优选为500-700kg/mol的聚异戊二烯嵌段。R1和R2独立地为H或C1-C6烷基;Y为C2-C8亚烷基;m和n是独立地具有1-3的值的整数。均聚物的偶联率(CE)为至少40%,优选大于80%。
本公开的另一方面是一种制备上述支化的嵌段共聚物的方法。所述方法包括在0-100℃的温度下聚合包含至少90摩尔%的烯基芳烃的第一单体,以形成聚合物嵌段A;加入包含至少90摩尔%的一种或多种1,3-二烯的第二单体,并在0-100℃的温度下聚合,以形成聚合物嵌段B;加入式(R1O)3Si-Y-Si(OR2)3的多官能偶联剂;并形成偶联率(CE)为至少40%的支化的嵌段共聚物。
本公开的另一方面是一种制备上述支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物的方法。所述方法包括在阴离子引发剂的存在下,在0-100℃的温度下聚合异戊二烯,以形成聚合物嵌段C;加入式(R1O)3Si-Y-Si(OR2)3的多官能偶联剂;和形成偶联率(CE)为至少40%的支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物。
发明详述
以下术语用于说明书,且将具有以下含义。
术语“活性/反应性”用于描述在生长末端具有反应性碳负离子中心的聚合物链。
术语“偶联率”(CE)用于量化由GPC测定的未偶联聚合物与偶联聚合物的比例。
术语“支化度”是指每个支化的嵌段共聚物分子中存在的聚合物臂的平均总数。
多官能偶联剂:使用通式(I)表示的多官能偶联剂制备支化的嵌段共聚物和支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物:
(R1O)3Si-Y-Si(R2O)3 (I);
其中R1和R2独立为H或C1-C6烷基,Y为C2-C8亚烷基。具有碳负离子链端的反应性聚合物链与偶联剂(I)的两个硅中心反应形成偶联的嵌段共聚物和偶联的均聚物。由于式(I)具有6个离去基团(烷氧基),所以偶联剂是六官能的,因此理论上在每个硅上可存在1-3个聚合物链。任何包含式(I)的六官能有机硅化合物都可以用作偶联剂。在一个实施方案中,优选的多官能偶联剂选自1,2-双(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)乙烷(BTMSE),1,2-双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)乙烷(BTESE)或其混合物。
支化的嵌段共聚物和支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物:使用式(I)的多官能偶联剂制备的支化的嵌段共聚物包含一个或多个聚合物嵌段A和一个或多个聚合物嵌段B且由通式(II)表示:
(A-B)m(R1O)3-mSi-Y-Si(R2O)3-n(B-A)n (II);
其中R1,R2和Y如上对于式(I)所定义,m和n是给出支化度量的整数,如下文进一步解释。在一些实施方案中,支化的嵌段共聚物(II)的R1和R2独立地选自H、甲基或乙基;和Y为–CH2-CH2-基团。
嵌段A是主要由衍生自一种或多种烯基芳烃的重复单元制成的芳族嵌段。在一些实施方案中,嵌段A包含至少90摩尔%,90-95摩尔%或至少95摩尔%的烯基芳烃。在整个嵌段共聚物中,嵌段A的重量百分比通常小于15重量%。在一些实施方案中,嵌段A占8-13重量%,或者8-10重量%,或者10-13重量%。嵌段A的重均分子量为9-15kg/mol。在其他实施方案中,嵌段A的分子量为9-12kg/mol,或者为12-15kg/mol。可以使用本领域已知的任何烯基芳烃,例如苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,对甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基萘等。苯乙烯为优选的单体。
嵌段B是主要由衍生自一种或多种共轭二烯(1,3-二烯)的重复单元制成的弹性体嵌段。在一些实施方案中,嵌段B包含至少90摩尔%、90-95摩尔%或至少95摩尔%的1,3-二烯。每个嵌段B的重均分子量为75-150kg/mol。在其他实施方案中,嵌段B的分子量可以为75-100kg/mol,100-125kg/mol或125-150kg/mol。制备嵌段B的合适的1,3-二烯的非限制性实例包括丁二烯,异戊二烯,戊间二烯,环己二烯,2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯,月桂烯,法呢烯等。
关于式(II)中的m和n的值,它们独立地在1-3的范围内。随着m和n的值从1增加至3,在整个共聚物中更高支化的共聚物的量将相应增加。在一些实施方案中,式(II)中的m和n的值可以分别为1,2、1,3、2,2、2,3、3,2、3,1和3,3。当反应性聚合物链与多官能偶联剂偶联时,取决于化学计量和反应条件,m和n值在1-3范围内的支化的嵌段共聚物的混合物是可行的。因此,从理论上讲,由偶联反应产生的总产物可以通过m和n的平均值以及总支化度表征,该支化度给出了产物中支化的嵌段共聚物总量的量度。这进而会影响共聚物的物理和/或化学性质。在一个方面,支化的嵌段共聚物(II)的m和n值可为1-3,使得(m+n)大于2但小于或等于6,其可以数学上表示为:2<(m+n)≤6。
支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物包含一个或多个聚合物嵌段C且由通式(III)表示:
(C)m(R1O)3-mSi-Y-Si(R2O)3-n(C)n (III);
其中R1,R2和Y如上对于式(I)所定义,且m和n如上对式(II)所定义。嵌段C主要由衍生自一种或多种共轭二烯(1,3-二烯)的重复单元制成。可用于制备嵌段C的合适的1,3-二烯的非限制性实例包括丁二烯,异戊二烯,间戊二烯,环己二烯,2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯,月桂烯,法呢烯等。嵌段C的重均分子量独立地为400-1000kg/mol,优选500-700kg/mol。支化均聚物(III)中的支化度取决于m和n的值,且可以与上述对于支化的嵌段共聚物(II)类似的方式变化。在一个实施方案中,m和n的值为1或1。在另一个实施方案中,m和n的值为1-3,使得(m+n)大于2但小于或等于6,这在数学上可以表示为:2<(m+n)≤6。m+n的值可以是3-6。在一些实施方案中,式(III)中的m和n的值可以分别为1,2、1,3、2,2、2,3、3,2、3,1和3,3。在优选的实施方案中,R1和R2独立地选自H、甲基或乙基;Y为–CH2-CH2-基团。
支化共聚物的制备方法:式(II)的支化的嵌段共聚物通过首先构建聚合物嵌段A、然后再构建嵌段B、随后用多官能偶联剂(I)将反应性链末端偶联而获得。嵌段A通过使用阴离子引发剂聚合第一单体而构成,该第一单体可以是一种或多种包含至少90摩尔%的烯基芳烃的烯基芳烃。在第一单体中可以存在少量(至多10摩尔%)的其他可阴离子聚合的单体,例如1,3-二烯。然后加入包含至少90摩尔%的一种或多种1,3-二烯的第二单体,和聚合提供嵌段B。第二单体可以包含少量(至多10摩尔%)的另一种阴离子可聚合单体,例如,烯基芳烃。反应在惰性气体气氛(氮气或氩气)下进行。阴离子引发剂通常是烷基锂,例如正丁基锂,仲丁基锂,正己基锂等。合适的溶剂为液态烃溶剂,例如液态低级烃溶剂,例如正戊烷,环戊烷,正己烷,环己烷,正庚烷等。反应可在-50℃至150℃或20-100℃的温度下进行。异戊二烯主要以线性方式聚合形成具有“活性”阴离子链端的聚异戊二烯链。在达到所需的单体转化率之后,通过添加式(I)的多官能偶联剂来终止聚合。所得产物(II)包含所需的支化的嵌段共聚物,如果需要,其可以凝结为固体橡胶产物,或转化为其他形式,例如含水胶乳。
支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物(III)通过使用阴离子引发剂在与上述相似的条件下聚合异戊二烯、然后用多官能偶联剂(I)将反应性链末端偶联而获得。在达到所需的单体转化率之后,通过与试剂(I)偶联终止聚合。可以将所得支化的嵌段共聚物凝结成固体橡胶产物,或转化成其他形式,例如含水胶乳。
以上获得的橡胶泥的固含量在一个实施方案中通常为5-35重量%,在另一个实施方案中为15-25重量%。在一些实施方案中,聚合物(II)和(III)中聚异戊二烯链中的顺式含量为70-95%。
与温度有关的动态粘度曲线表明,对于给定的重量%浓度,在相当的分子量下,共聚物(II)和均聚物(III)的粘度明显小于没有偶联剂制备的相应的线型共聚物和均聚物的粘度。在一些实施方案中,具有固含量为15-25重量%的聚合物(II)的橡胶泥的顺式含量为70-95%,零剪切粘度为小于25,000mPas或小于20000mPas或小于15,000mPas,重均分子量为350-700kg/mol。在其他实施方案中,具有固含量为15-25重量%的聚合物(III)的橡胶泥的顺式含量为70-95%,零剪切粘度为小于80,000mPas或小于75,000mPas或小于70,000mPas,重均分子量为1,000-3,500kg/mol。橡胶泥的低粘度在制造装置中提供了有价值的益处,因为它允许处理高达100%或甚至更高的橡胶泥产量,而无需增加工艺设备的尺寸。
由聚合步骤得到的偶联聚合物(II)或(III)在有机溶剂中的橡胶溶液可以通过使用高剪切混合器与表面活性剂水溶液混合而转化为水基胶乳。随后将溶剂从所得乳液中除去至残留溶剂<0.1%。可以通过离心或乳化将所得稀含水胶乳浓缩至60重量%的橡胶。
乳化工艺中使用的表面活性剂也可以稳定形成的胶乳。表面活性剂的用量通常为0.5-2.0重量%,基于聚异戊二烯的重量(以干基计)。优选阴离子表面活性剂。阴离子表面活性剂的例子包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠,其他烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,烯烃磺酸盐(例如Cl4烯烃磺酸盐),醇硫酸盐(例如月桂基硫酸钠),任选地与一种或多种其他表面活性剂(例如辛酸钾,聚氧乙烯十六烷基/十八烷基醚等)组合。在一个实施方案中,表面活性剂也可以为松香型材料的碱金属盐,所述松香型材料包括松香、二聚松香、歧化松香和氢化松香。在另一个实施方案中,表面活性剂也可以是一种或多种选自妥尔油脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸(例如,具有12-20个碳原子)的碱金属盐等。
性能:支化均聚物(II)和共聚物(III)的胶乳形成质量非常好的浸渍膜。由此形成的固化膜具有改善的性能。在一些实施方案中,固化膜表现出20-40MPa或至少25MPa或至少30MPa的拉伸强度。在一些实施方案中,所述膜还表现出500-1250%或750-1250%或至少750%的伸长率。在一些实施方案中,所述膜还表现出15-35kN/m或至少20kN/m的撕裂强度。还可以形成具有上述范围内的所有三种性能的膜。
支化聚合物(II)和(III)的用途:包含聚合物(II)或(III)的胶乳对于生产制品是有价值的。所述方法包括将无凝结剂或涂覆有凝结剂的模子至少一次浸入含水胶乳的乳液中,以在该模子的表面上形成胶乳膜的薄层,其具有偶联的聚异戊二烯的单个颗粒。可以使用本领域中已知的任何模子。该技术还可以用于在模子上层叠一层以上的胶乳颗粒的膜以生产制品,例如手套,避孕套等,然后将胶乳膜从模子上剥离。
实施例
聚合物分子量(在本文中称为“重均分子量”或“GPC分子量”)使用聚苯乙烯校准标准物通过HMW-GPC(凝胶渗透色谱法)测定。胶乳的中值粒径使用Beckman Coulter LS13320通过激光衍射测定。固含量用Sartorius MA35水分天平测量。
与多官能偶联剂反应的偶联率通过GPC由未偶联的聚合物相对于较高分子量的偶联聚合物的峰积分比确定。
凝结剂溶液/分散体通过在搅拌下将Ca(NO3)2.4H2O和CaCO3/>溶解/分散在60℃的水中制备。将所有胶乳(包括参考样品)与5phr的市售母料组合物(含有硫,促进剂和抗氧化剂)配混,并用市售的表面活性剂稳定。将这些配混物用软化水稀释以获得所需的30%固含量。通过添加1M KOH溶液将pH调节至11-11.5,且将配混物在搅拌下储存在环境温度下。
在凝结剂浸渍试验中,采用金属板和标准浸渍工序。在1、3和6天的熟化后浸渍薄膜。根据ASTM D412/ISO37(模具C),使用配备500N测力传感器和远程移动伸长计的Instron3365拉伸试验台,测定浸渍膜的机械性能。拉伸性能如表5所示。
实施例1-5:制备支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物
聚合在氮气气氛下,在装有搅拌器、冷却器、温度探针、压力探针和用于添加/排出溶剂和单体以及其他试剂的辅助设备的10L不锈钢反应器中进行。在使用前,将溶剂和单体在alcola上纯化。按照一般工序,向反应器中装入5L干溶剂和450g异戊二烯,并加热至60℃。向混合物中加入稀s-BuLi溶液(0.04M)以引发聚合反应。在将所需量的单体转化为所需分子量后,通过以活性链/偶联剂的摩尔比为4/1加入偶联剂(BTMSE或BTESE)来终止反应。在某些情况下,重复此工序一次或两次,直到单体完全转化。
在异戊二烯聚合中在不同的活性链浓度下评估BTMSE和BTESE。结果总结在表1中。数据显示BTMSE和BTSE具有相当的偶联性能。
表1.BTMSE和BTESE与不同浓度的活性聚异戊二烯链的偶联反应
实施例6-8:制备支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物
使用上述工序将它们制备为橡胶泥。结果如表2所示。对照样品为不使用偶联剂制备的线性(无支化)聚异戊二烯。
表2.制备的支化的聚异戊二烯
实施例 | 运行次数 | 偶联剂 | GPC Mw(kg/mol) | 顺式含量(%) |
对照-1 | 1 | 未使用 | 3000 | 88 |
6 | 1 | BTMSE | 1660 | 78 |
7 | 2 | BTESE | 1083 | 75 |
8 | 2 | BTMSE | 1260 | 82 |
实施例9-11:制备支化的聚异戊二烯橡胶胶乳
将橡胶泥样品转移到实验室规模的胶乳生产设备中,该设备配有用于聚合物和皂溶液的计量泵的在线高剪切混合装置。在标准的乳化条件下,由固定比例的橡胶泥和歧化松香酸的钾盐水溶液制成乳液。随后将乳液进行溶剂汽提以获得稀释的胶乳,在添加海藻酸钠后通过乳脂化将其浓缩。结果见表3。对照-2是由上述对照-1橡橡胶泥泥制备的参考聚异戊二烯胶乳。
表3.制备的支化的聚异戊二烯胶乳
R/S比:橡胶/皂比。PSmed:中值粒径
表4.固化膜的拉伸性能
表4显示,由使用多官能偶联剂制备的支化的聚异戊二烯(实施例12和13)制备的浸渍膜的拉伸性能非常好,且与对照样品膜(对照-3)所观察到的拉伸性能相当。
实施例14:制备支化苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物
聚合反应在氮气气氛下,在配备有搅拌器、冷却器、温度探头、压力探头和用于添加/排出溶剂和单体以及其他试剂的辅助设备的10L不锈钢反应器中进行。在使用前,将溶剂和单体在alcola上纯化。向反应器中装入5L干燥溶剂和400g苯乙烯,并加热至60℃。向混合物中添加稀s-BuLi溶液(0.04M)以引发聚合反应。苯乙烯转化后,加入3kg异戊二烯单体。在第二单体转化为所需分子量后,通过以活性链/偶联剂的摩尔比为4/1加入BTMSE偶联剂来终止反应。结果示于表5中。对照-4是使用GPTS(缩水甘油基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)作为偶联剂制得的聚异戊二烯的商业批次样品。
表5.CE表示偶联率,DoB表示分支化度
实施例15:制备支化的苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物胶乳。
将来自实施例14的橡胶泥样品转移至实验室规模的胶乳生产设备,该设备配备了具有用于聚合物和皂溶液的计量泵的在线高剪切混合装置。该乳液是在标准乳化条件下由固定比例的橡胶泥和歧化松香酸的钾盐水溶液制得的。随后将该乳液进行溶剂汽提以获得稀的胶乳,其在添加藻酸钠之后通过乳油化浓缩。结果见表6。
表6
R/S比:橡胶/皂比。PSmed:中值粒径
实施例16代表由实施例15的支化的苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物胶乳制成的浸渍膜。对照5代表由衍生自对照4的嵌段共聚物的支化的苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物胶乳制成的浸渍膜。表7显示由使用多官能偶联剂(实施例16)制备的支化苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物制备的浸渍膜的拉伸性能非常好,且与对照样品膜(对照5)所观察到的拉伸性能相当。
表7
实施例 | 拉伸强度 | 模量500% | 伸长率 | 撕裂强度 |
对照5 | 21.4 | 1.62 | 1089 | 24.7 |
16 | 20.4 | 1.43 | 1113 | 27.3 |
就本说明书和所附权利要求书而言,除非另有说明,否则所有表示数量、百分比或比例的数字以及说明书和权利要求书中使用的其他数值应理解为在所有情况下都被术语“约”修改,相应地,除非另有说明,以下说明书和所附权利要求书中所述的数值参数是近似值,可根据所寻求获得的期望特性而变化。注意,如在本说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的,单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“所述/该”包括复数引用,除非明确地且明确地限于一个引用对象。如本文所使用的,术语“包括”及其语法变体旨在非限制性地,使得列表中的项目的列举不排除可以替换或添加到所列项目的其他类似项目。
如本文所使用的,术语“包括/包含”是指包括在该术语之后标识的元素或步骤,但是任何这样的元素或步骤都不是穷举的,且实施例可以包括其他元素或步骤。尽管本文已使用术语“包含”和“包括”来描述各个方面,但是可以使用术语“基本上由...组成”和“由...组成”来代替“包含”和“包括”以提供更具体的方面,且也被公开。
除非另有说明,否则本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与所公开的公开内容所属领域的技术人员通常所理解的相同含义。列举元素,材料或其他组分的种类,从中可以选择单个组分或组分的混合物,旨在包括所列组分及其混合物的所有可能的亚类组合。
可授予专利的范围由权利要求书限定,且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其他示例。如果这样的其他示例具有与权利要求的字面语言没有不同的结构元素,或者如果它们包括与权利要求的字面语言没有实质性差异的等效结构元素,则意图将这些其他示例包括在权利要求的范围内。在不抵触的情况下,本文引用的所有引用均通过引用并入本文中。
Claims (1)
1.一种制备支化的聚合物的方法,其包括:
(i)在0-100℃的温度下,在阴离子引发剂存在下,聚合异戊二烯,以形成聚合物嵌段C;
(ii)加入式I:(R1O)3Si-Y-Si(OR2)3的多官能偶联剂,和
形成具有式III:(C)m(R1O)3-mSi-Y-Si(R2O)3-n(C)n的支化的聚异戊二烯均聚物;其中:
每个嵌段C独立地是聚异戊二烯嵌段,和每个嵌段C的重均分子量为400-1000kg/mol;
R1和R2独立地为H或C1-C6烷基,Y为C2-C8亚烷基,m和n的值独立地为1-3的整数;
其中所述支化的聚合物的偶联率CE为至少40%;
其中所述支化的聚合物被形成为固含量为5-35wt%的橡胶泥形式;
其中所述橡胶泥具有:
在15-25wt量%的固含量范围内的零剪切粘度为小于80,000mPas,
顺式含量为70-95%,和
重均分子量为1000-3500kg/mol。
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