CN113142424B - Artificial bait for intestinal crabs and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Artificial bait for intestinal crabs and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an artificial bait for intestinal crabs and a preparation method thereof, wherein the artificial bait for intestinal crabs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-55 parts of pregelatinized starch, 20-30 parts of mackerel minced fillet, 10-20 parts of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1-5 parts of salt, 1-6 parts of thiobetaine, 3-10 parts of betaine, 4-8 parts of trimethylamine oxide and 1-5 parts of sugarcane juice. The invention provides the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs, which has good food calling effect, stable release in seawater, easy storage and low cost, and is used for replacing the traditional natural biological bait, so that the consumption of biological resources can be reduced, the cost of raw materials can be reduced, certain labor cost can be saved, the operation can be simplified, the trapping efficiency can be improved, and the environment can be protected.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to an artificial bait for intestinal crabs and a preparation method thereof.
(II) background of the invention
The portunus trituberculatus is an important hot-water marine crab, the main varieties of the portunus trituberculatus, the portunus pelagicus and the like, and the portunus trituberculatus has the characteristics of large body size, rich nutritional value, long fishing period, fresh and delicious meat and high yield. The portunus trituberculatus is the most common portunus trituberculatus, and the yield is the largest, and accounts for about 90% of the total yield of portunus trituberculatus. Swimming crabs are mainly distributed in japan, korea, malaysia, red sea, and most coastal areas in continental china worldwide, while in china, the distribution is wide along the coast of zhejiang, peninsula, guangxi, guangdong, fujian, and south sea.
The crab pot fishing operation is a novel fishing operation developed in the 90 s of the 20 th century, has the advantages of low investment, quick response, low energy consumption, high price value of fish goods, simple operation and the like, and the main fisheries of the crab pot fishing operation are crabs, have strong fishery selectivity and become one of the main offshore operation modes in the east sea area of China at present. The crab pot fishing is a fishing operation mode which mainly attracts blue crabs, swimming crabs and the like to enter a crab pot to fish by using a crab pot appliance, and the principle of the crab pot fishing is as follows: according to the life habit and the hydrological condition of the living water area of the caught object, the cage pot type net is laid in the living water area of the caught object by the extension rope, and the food attracting bait is placed in the cage pot to attract the caught object to enter the cage pot, so that the purpose of trapping is achieved.
The bait for traditional crab pot operation adopts fresh fish blocks, and the common fresh fish types are mackerel, lobster or mermaid and the like. The small-sized crab pot ship for offshore operation consumes nearly 300 kilograms of fresh fish per ship in normal operation, the crab pot ship for offshore operation consumes more than 2000 kilograms of bait per ship per day, and fresh fish bait is abandoned after each bait is trapped for 3-4 hours. Meanwhile, fishermen need to frequently replace fresh fish baits because the freshness of the fresh fish baits is reduced quickly in the traditional operation process, and the operation is complex. Therefore, the traditional bait has the defects of waste of biological resources, high cost, difficult storage and the like.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs, which has good food calling effect, stable release in seawater, easy storage and low cost, and replaces the traditional natural biological bait.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an artificial bait for intestinal crabs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-55 parts of pregelatinized starch, 20-30 parts of mackerel minced fillet, 10-20 parts of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1-5 parts of salt, 1-6 parts of thiobetaine, 3-10 parts of betaine, 4-8 parts of trimethylamine oxide and 1-5 parts of sugarcane juice; the mackerel enzymolysis liquid is prepared by the following method:
removing the head of the mackerel, reserving the viscera and the fish meat, smashing the mackerel into a paste shape, adding water with the mass of 1.4-1.6 times of that of the mackerel, uniformly stirring, adding trypsin and papain, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.0, adjusting the enzymolysis temperature to 45-55 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 3-6 hours, and inactivating enzymes in a boiling water bath for 6-12 min after enzymolysis to obtain the mackerel enzymolysis liquid.
The pregelatinized starch is used as an adhesive, has the functions of increasing the forming effect of the bait and improving the stability of the bait in water, and has the function mode of adhering various baits with the food calling effect together and controlling the baits to be released slowly and orderly. In addition, the bait coated by the casing can effectively slow the collapse caused by seawater impact and also has a certain slow release effect.
The betaine has the effect of enhancing the metabolism of fishes, plays a certain taste stimulation and food calling effect on many aquatic animals such as crabs and lobsters, and can obviously improve the ingestion frequency of the aquatic animals. Meanwhile, the food calling effect of the betaine is also shown in that the taste feeling of other amino acids to aquatic animals can be enhanced, and the food calling effect of the amino acids is enhanced.
The mackerel enzymolysis liquid contains rich flavor substances, strengthens the flavor substances of the animal body (fishy smell and aroma are both enhanced), simultaneously, the animal extract is the combination of various food calling substances and food calling performance, has an enhancement effect on the trapping effect, and has more obvious food calling effect than the single use of the mackerel meat.
The swimming crabs are sensitive to carbohydrate substances, and the addition of the sugarcane juice can improve the food calling effect of the bait, and preferably concentrated sugarcane juice.
The trimethylamine oxide can enhance the inherent fishy smell of the fish and further improve the food calling effect of the bait.
The cost of the bait for the fresh mackerel meat is 1.0 yuan per cage, while the cost of the artificial bait for the intestinal crab is only 0.5 yuan per cage, thereby greatly reducing the cost. The invention has the advantages of long shelf life (more than 5 months) under the storage condition of-18 ℃.
In the step (1), the adding amount of the trypsin is 2500-3000U/g of minced fillet, and the adding amount of the papain is 1500-2000U/g of minced fillet.
The invention also relates to a method for preparing the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) removing heads of the mackerel, retaining viscera and fish meat, smashing to be in a paste shape, adding water with the mass being 1.2-1.8 times that of the mackerel, uniformly stirring, adding trypsin and papain, carrying out enzymolysis at 45-55 ℃ for 3-6 hours, and inactivating enzymes in a boiling water bath for 6-12 minutes after enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(2) fully mixing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of 40-55 parts of pregelatinized starch, 20-30 parts of mackerel minced fillet, 10-20 parts of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1-5 parts of salt, 1-6 parts of thiobetaine, 3-10 parts of betaine, 4-8 parts of trimethylamine oxide and 1-5 parts of sugarcane juice, and chopping for 30-60 s by using a chopper mixer;
(3) and (3) filling the mixture obtained in the step (2) into a casing by using a sausage filler to prepare bait sausages, controlling the mass of each bait sausage to be 50-60 g by using a dotter, and uniformly pricking holes on the casing at intervals of 1-2 cm by using needles to obtain the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs.
Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs comprise the following components in mass percentage: 40-55% of pregelatinized starch, 20-30% of mackerel minced fillet, 10-20% of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1-5% of salt, 1-6% of thiobetaine, 3-10% of betaine, 4-8% of trimethylamine oxide and 1-5% of sugarcane juice.
Preferably, in the step (1), the adding amount of the trypsin is 2500-3000U/g of minced fillet, and the adding amount of the papain is 1500-2000U/g of minced fillet.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly reflected in that: the invention provides the intestinal artificial bait for crabs and the preparation method thereof, which can effectively reduce the bait cost, improve the trapping efficiency, simplify the operation, prolong the shelf life, avoid the food competition between crabs and people and improve the mechanization level of crab cage operation; the bait is additionally provided with a plurality of food calling components on the basis of the existing artificial bait, so that the synergistic effect between the food calling agents is enhanced, and the food calling effect is better.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is the relationship between the disintegration rate of artificial bait for intestinal crabs and the time of entering water.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a product manufactured according to example 1.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
For the purpose of enhancing understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Mackerel meat: commercially available, purchased in the farmer market in the second region of morning glory.
Pre-gelatinized starch: commercially available, yinuo biotechnology limited, zhejiang.
Thio-betaines: commercially available, Henan, Inc.
Betaine: commercially available, shanghai youle food ingredient ltd.
Trimethylamine oxide: commercially available, yinuo biotechnology limited, zhejiang.
Concentrating the sugarcane juice: commercially available, Guangxi Meiyuan Biotech food Co., Ltd.
Trypsin, 1.0 × 103U/mg: commercially available Shanghai Aladdin Biotech Ltd
Papain, 1.0 × 103U/mg: commercially available Shanghai Aladdin Biotech Ltd
Study on bait scattering rule: intestinal bait is put into a crab pot bait box, 600g of seawater extract is added into 20L of distilled water to prepare 20L of artificial seawater. The prepared artificial seawater (seawater crystal: distilled water 1:30) is filled in a glass jar, the jar body is placed in a constant-temperature water bath kettle, and the paddle stirrer is adjusted to enable the water flow speed at the bottom of the jar to be 0, 0.5 and 1.0m/s (refer to the conditions of average water flow speed of sea areas near Zhoushan islands and magnetic stirring rotation speed of a laboratory). The water temperature was controlled at 5, 15, 25 ℃ by heating in a water bath and by intermittent ice addition. Wherein, the water temperature and the flow rate parameters of the simulated ocean water system are respectively set to be 15 ℃ and 0.5 m/s. After the preparation is finished, the bait box filled with the bait is weighed and then fixed at the bottom of the glass jar, the bait box is lifted out of the water surface after being soaked in water for 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours, the residual bait sample is poured out and weighed in a beaker, and the collapsibility is calculated according to the following formula.
Wherein: a is the bait scattering rate
M is the mass of the bait box/g
M0Is the original mass/g of bait
MnWeighing bait mass/g for the nth time after soaking
The relation between the disintegration rate and the water entry time of the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs is shown in a figure 1, and the figure shows that when the bait enters water for 4 hours, the total mass disintegration rate of the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs is only 26.94 percent, which shows that more than half of the phagostimulant remains, and confirms that the phagostimulant researched and developed by the research has better stability in a marine water system and long-lasting trapping effect.
Sensory scoring was performed by 10 panelists with sensory training at the start of shelf life and end of shelf life at-18 ℃ for the product of example 3 (150d), scoring as per table 4. The full score was 5 points, and was finally expressed as the sum of the scores of 10 evaluators, and a higher score indicated a lower degree of deterioration of the enteric-coated feed.
Table 1: fish sausage flavor scoring standard
Example 1:
the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% of pregelatinized starch, 30% of mackerel meat, 10% of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 2% of salt, 2% of thiobetaine, 6% of betaine, 8% of trimethylamine oxide and 2% of concentrated sugarcane juice.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) removing the head of the mackerel, reserving the viscera and the fish meat, smashing the mackerel into a minced shape to obtain minced meat of the mackerel, adding water with the mass of 1.5 times of that of the minced meat of the mackerel, uniformly stirring, adding trypsin and papain, carrying out enzymolysis at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 5 hours, and inactivating enzymes in a boiling water bath for 9 minutes after the enzymolysis. The addition amounts of trypsin and papain are respectively as follows: 3000U/g fish meat, 2000U/g fish meat;
(2) fully mixing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of 40% of pregelatinized starch, 30% of mackerel meat (minced meat), 10% of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 2% of salt, 2% of thiobetaine, 6% of betaine, 8% of trimethylamine oxide and 2% of concentrated sugarcane juice, and kneading for 45 s;
(3) and (3) filling the mixture obtained in the step (2) into a casing by using a sausage filler, controlling the mass of each bait to be 52 +/-1 g by using a button making machine, uniformly pricking holes on the casing at intervals of 1-2 cm by using a needle head to obtain the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs, standing for 6h at 4 ℃, sealing and packaging (see a product photo in figure 2), and freezing and storing.
The test is carried to Zhoushan city in Zhejiang province for offshore crab pot operation ship test. The bait is arranged in the bait box which is fixed in the center of the crab pot. The trial catching sea area is 30 degrees 28 degrees of north latitude and is near 122 degrees 11 degrees of east longitude, and the trapping test is selected from 8 months to 12 months in the non-fishing-forbidden period. The crab pot begins to be thrown at the evening time, the crab pot is connected in series by a nylon rope as a main line, the distance between every two crab pots is 10 meters, and the artificial bait pot and the traditional fresh bait pot are thrown at intervals for comparison. The parallel test is carried out for 3 times, 10 crab cages are placed in each bait for 3 times, different places with the distance not more than 5 seas in 3 sea areas are selected, the crab resource amount of a test fishery is moderate, and a vigorous growing area cannot be selected at will. The result of the test capture is accurately recorded and the average catch quantity and the empty cage rate are calculated by taking the fresh mackerel meat bait as a reference, and the result is shown in a table 2.
Table 2: the trapping effect of the intestinal bait and the fresh mackerel meat bait is compared
Example 2:
the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of pregelatinized starch, 20% of mackerel meat, 15% of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1% of salt, 1% of thiobetaine, 3% of betaine, 4% of trimethylamine oxide and 1% of concentrated sugarcane juice.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
The prepared bait is hermetically packaged and carried to Zhoushan city, Zhejiang province for offshore crab pot operation boat test (the method is the same as the example 1). The results of the trial capture are accurately recorded and the average catch amount and the empty cage rate are calculated by taking the fresh mackerel meat bait as a reference, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3: the trapping effect of the intestinal bait and the fresh mackerel meat bait is compared
Example 3:
the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 42% of pregelatinized starch, 24% of mackerel meat, 18% of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1% of salt, 1% of thiobetaine, 5% of betaine, 6% of trimethylamine oxide and 3% of concentrated sugarcane juice.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Sealing and packaging the obtained bait, storing at-18 deg.C for 150 days, partially taking out, thawing for 3min, and performing sensory evaluation. The rest of the crab pot test platform is carried to Zhoushan city in Zhejiang province, and unfrozen to carry out the offshore crab pot workboat test (the method is the same as the example 1). And (3) taking fresh mackerel meat bait as a reference, accurately recording the trial catching result, and calculating the average catch quantity and the empty cage rate, wherein the result is shown in a table 4.
Table 4: the trapping effect of the intestinal bait and the fresh mackerel meat bait is compared
Sensory scores for different shelf lives of the enteral diets are shown in table 5:
table 5: intestinal bait sensory scoring in different shelf lives
Table 5 shows that the prepared artificial bait for the intestinal crabs has stronger volatile flavor substances than fresh fish baits at the beginning of shelf life and has a more compact tissue structure than fresh mackerel meat. At the end of the shelf life, the volatile flavor substances are slightly reduced, and the tissue structure is looser.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of artificial bait for intestinal crabs comprises the following steps:
(1) removing heads of the mackerel, retaining viscera and fish meat, smashing to be in a paste shape, adding water with the mass being 1.2-1.8 times that of the mackerel, uniformly stirring, adding trypsin and papain, carrying out enzymolysis at 45-55 ℃ for 3-6 hours, and inactivating enzymes in a boiling water bath for 6-12 minutes after enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(2) fully mixing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of 20-30 parts of pre-mackerel minced fillet, 1-5 parts of salt, 40-55 parts of gelatinized starch, 10-20 parts of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1-6 parts of thiobetaine, 3-10 parts of betaine, 4-8 parts of trimethylamine oxide and 1-5 parts of sugarcane juice, chopping for 30-60 s by using a chopper mixer;
(3) and (3) filling the mixture obtained in the step (2) into a casing by using a sausage filler, controlling the mass of each bait sausage to be 50-60 g by using a dotter, and uniformly pricking holes on the casing at intervals of 1-2 cm by using needles to obtain the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials for preparing the artificial bait for the intestinal crabs comprise the following components in mass percentage: 40-55% of pregelatinized starch, 20-30% of mackerel minced fillet, 10-20% of mackerel enzymatic hydrolysate, 1-5% of salt, 1-6% of thiobetaine, 3-10% of betaine, 4-8% of trimethylamine oxide and 1-5% of sugarcane juice.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the amount of trypsin is 2500 to 3000U/g surimi and the amount of papain is 1500 to 2000U/g surimi.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103053841A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-24 | 宁波红龙生物科技有限公司 | Feed for facilitating swimming crabs to breed red cream and preparation method of feed |
| CN103385351A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-11-13 | 舟山市普陀海洋高科技创业中心有限公司 | Artificial mixed bait for portunus trituberculatus and preparation method thereof |
| CN104431395A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 青岛中人智业生物科技有限公司 | Swimming crab red paste growing feed and preparation process thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103053841A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-24 | 宁波红龙生物科技有限公司 | Feed for facilitating swimming crabs to breed red cream and preparation method of feed |
| CN103385351A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-11-13 | 舟山市普陀海洋高科技创业中心有限公司 | Artificial mixed bait for portunus trituberculatus and preparation method thereof |
| CN104431395A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 青岛中人智业生物科技有限公司 | Swimming crab red paste growing feed and preparation process thereof |
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