CN113121471A - 一种用于治疗脑损伤的含氮杂环化合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗脑损伤的含氮杂环化合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种预防和一种用于治疗脑损伤的含氮杂环化合物,其对ICH大鼠脑损伤有保护作用,可以减轻脑出血大鼠神经功能缺损,降低脑组织含水量,能够用于预防和治疗脑出血等引起的脑损伤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,具体涉及一种预防和治疗脑损伤的化合物,本发明还涉及所述化合物的制备方法、药物组合物及用途。
背景技术
脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)是急性脑血管病的主要病种之一,是神经内、外科的常见病症,具有发病危急、致残率高和致死率高等特点,原发性脑损伤通常在出血后数小时内发生,颅内出现血肿后血肿扩散速度极快,若得不到及时治疗,可能出现脑水肿,损害神经功能。由于继发性损伤,大多数病例的神经功能进一步下降。
目前的药物治疗脑卒中引起的脑损伤旨在阻断缺血导致的神经元坏死、延长耐受性缺血时间和治疗时间窗,增强神经元生存能力,逆转半暗带,减少梗死体积,促进神经功能恢复。
S.R.Kim等报道将北玄参根部用甲醇/氯仿提取,得到一些天然产物,研究表明这些化合物显示强烈的神经保护活性,继而对这些化合物进行构效关系研究发现,结构中所含肉桂酰结构具有神经保护活性。
CN108289884A公开了大麻素可以作为神经保护剂,以及大麻素可能用于治疗脑震荡,大麻素CB2受体是发炎依赖性神经变性的靶标。
综上所述,虽然各种化学药和天然药物处于不同研究阶段,但目前上市的治疗脑损伤药物中尚未有将肉桂酰和大麻素片段拼接的药物。因此,开发和研究具有治疗脑损伤活性的新化合物具有重要的临床意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:
本发明的第一个方面,是提供一种式6所示化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其具有如下结构:
优选地,所述药学上可接受的盐选自:盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐等等;
本发明的另一方面提供一种制备式6化合物的方法,其合成路线如下:
化合物1与化合物2在三乙胺作用下反应生成酰胺化合物3,然后依次经催化锡基化、Stille偶联反应制得化合物6。
具体反应步骤如下:
(1)将化合物1用干燥的二氯甲烷溶解,加入三乙胺,在冰浴条件下滴加化合物2的二氯甲烷溶液,滴毕升至室温反应至TLC检测反应结束,将反应液抽滤、滤液浓缩、硅胶柱层析得到化合物3;
(2)将化合物3、钯催化剂和六甲基锡在甲苯中回流反应至TLC检测原料反应完全,加水淬灭,萃取分液,保留有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤、浓缩,加入异丙醚和正己烷重结晶得到化合物4;
(3)向反应瓶中依次加入化合物4、钯催化剂、化合物5、氯化锂、甲苯溶剂,氮气保护下加热反应,反应完成后加水淬灭,萃取分液,有机层经水洗干燥后,脱溶浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化得到目标产物6。
优选地,步骤(2)和步骤(3)所述钯催化剂各自独立地选自Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4和Pd(t-Bu3P)2中的至少一种。
本发明的另一方面提供一种药物组合物,其包含式6所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂。
本发明另一方面涉及一种式6化合物及其药学上可接受的盐或包含其药物组合物在制备治疗脑损伤的药物中的应用;优选地,所述脑损伤为缺血性脑卒中引起的损伤。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明提供了一类新的具有含氮杂环的治疗脑卒中化合物,拓宽了现有脑损伤治疗化合物的范围,可作为先导化合物继续优化;
(2)本发明式6所示的化合物在动物试验中,显示出良好的治疗活性,能够用于预防和治疗脑损伤。
具体实施方式
在下文中更详细地描述了本发明以有助于对本发明的理解。本发明化合物可以用合成领域技术人员熟知的许多方法来制备。式6化合物可以使用下面列出的反应和技术连同合成有机化学领域已知的方法或本领域技术人员所理解的其变体来制备。优选的方法包括但不限于下面描述的那些方法。反应在适用于所用试剂和材料且适用于要实现的转化的溶剂中进行。此外,在下面描述的合成方法中,应理解所有建议的反应条件(包括溶剂、反应气氛、反应温度、实验持续时间和后处理程序的选择)都选择为该反应的标准条件,这应该被有机合成领域技术人员容易确认。并非所有落入给定类别的化合物可以与某些所述方法中需要的某些反应条件相容。对与反应条件相容的取代基的这些限制将对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,并且可使用替代方法。
实施例1:化合物6的合成
(1)在反应瓶将化合物1(166g,1mol)用干燥的二氯甲烷(500mL)溶解,加入三乙胺(10mol),在冰浴条件下滴加化合物2(345g,1.2mol)的二氯甲烷(600mL)溶液,滴毕升至室温反应至TLC检测反应结束,将反应液抽滤、滤液浓缩、硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=3:1)得到化合物3,收率89%,HPLC 纯度98%;
(2)向反应瓶中依次加入化合物3(206g,0.5mol)、钯催化剂Pd(t-Bu3P)2(6.4g,0.0125mol)和六甲基锡(197g,0.6mol)及甲苯500mL,升温至回流反应至TLC 检测原料反应完全,加水淬灭,萃取分液,保留有机相,有机相用氟化钾饱和的氨水溶液洗涤2次,再经无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤、浓缩,加入异丙醚和正己烷(体积比1:1)重结晶得到化合物4,收率61%,HPLC纯度97%;
(3)向反应瓶中依次加入化合物4(45.5g,0.1mol)、钯催化剂Pd(t-Bu3P)2(6.4g,0.0125mol)、化合物5(34.8g,0.11mol)、无水氯化锂(4.7g,1.1mol)、DMF 溶剂150mL,氮气保护下加热至65℃反应12h,反应完成后加水淬灭,加入二氯甲烷萃取分液,有机层经水洗干燥后,脱溶浓缩,硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/石油醚=3:2)纯化得到目标产物6,收率61%,HPLC纯度99%。
分子式:C36H40N2O3;ESI-MS:549.23[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.51-1.76(m,4H),1.80(s,6H),1.95(m, 2H),2.64(dd,1H),3.30(m,8H),3.97(s,2H),4.78(s,1H),5.05(s, 1H),6.25(s,2H),6.66(dd,2H),6.81(dd,2H),7.01(dd,1H),7.30-7.41 (m,4H),7.61(m,2H),10.19(s,2H)。
实施例2:式6所示化合物治疗脑损伤的作用
1、动物及材料
化合物6,自制,HPLC纯度99.0%;DW-2000脑立体定位仪(成都泰盟软件有限公司);SD雄性大鼠,SPF级,180~220g,6~8周龄(浙江省实验动物中心);新生小鼠(浙江省实验动物中心);IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α试剂盒(美国 eBio-science公司);神经元β-微管蛋白III抗体(美国Co-vanc公司);Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti mouse IgG染料和Hoeschst染料(美国Invitrogen);FBS(美国Gibco 公司)。
2、实验方法
2.1Transwell实验
分别取出生1d以内的新生小鼠,冰浴分离出大脑皮层,1%胰酶消化成单细胞悬液,小胶质细胞用10%FBS+DMEM/F12培养,神经元用2%FBS+DMEM/F12培养,每3d换液,2周后纯化,Transwell小室分上下2层,上室接种小胶质细胞,加入20μmol/L血红蛋白Hb或10μmol/L化合物6,下室接种神经元细胞,36h 后移除上室,加入神经元β-微管蛋白III抗体,用Alexa Fluor 488goat anti mouse IgG染色,细胞核用Hoeschst染色,共聚焦显微镜下观察染色情况,MTT实验检测神经元细胞的存活率。
2.2大鼠ICH模型的制备
SD大鼠用10%水合氯醛按照300mg/kg剂量麻醉后俯卧固定于脑立体定位仪上,取尾动脉血50L,用注射泵(5μL/min)注射至左脑纹状体(大鼠前囟冠状缝前0.2 mm、旁开3mm、深6mm);注射完毕后,将针留置10min,然后缓慢将微量注射器针头拔出,用医用骨蜡封闭骨孔,观察无出血后,缝合头部皮肤。假手术组小鼠注射25μL无菌生理盐水。
手术大鼠清醒后按Logna等创立的5级神经功能缺陷评分方法对大鼠进行神经功能评分,选择神经功能评分在2级以上的大鼠视为脑出血模型成功,纳入实验对象,剔除神经功能评分0级或4级的大鼠。
2.3分组与给药
实验分为假手术组组、ICH组、5mg/kg和15mg/kg组,每组6只大鼠,编号。各组做脑出血手术,术后2h,腹腔注射相应药物(化合物6用大豆油配制,假手术组组和ICH注射大豆油),每天1次。
2.4脑出血小鼠神经功能缺损评分(NDS)
将24只小鼠随机分为4组,各组术后连续给药7d,并在给药后的1、3、5、7d 对各组进行神经功能缺损评分,主要包括提尾反射、行走测试、感觉测试、平衡测试、反射缺失和反常运动最大得分为18分,轻型伤:1~6分;中型伤:7~12 分;重型伤:13~18分。
2.5脑组织含水量测定
将24只小鼠随机分为4组,各组术后连续给药7d,并在给药后的1、3、5、7 d将大鼠麻醉后取出脑组织,分离去除嗅脑、小脑和脑干等组织,剩余双侧大脑半球,以进针孔为界冠状面切开脑组织,前半部分出血灶及血肿周围脑组织用来检测脑组织含水量,后半部分血肿周围脑组织置于-70℃冰箱冻存,用来研磨脑组织匀浆进行炎症因子检测。称取前半部分出血灶及血肿周围脑组织的湿重,然后置于100℃烤箱烘烤24h后称量干重。脑组织含水量计算方法:(湿重-干重)/ 湿重×100%。
3、实验结果
试验结果表明:
3.1化合物6显著提高Hb诱导小胶质细胞损伤的神经元存活率
通过Transwell实验考察10μmol/L化合物6对Hb诱导小胶质细胞损伤神经元的保护作用。与空白组比较,化合物6对神经元生长无影响,在36h观察期内神经元存活率一直稳定在81%;而模型组(Hb组)神经元存活率显著下降,在 24和36h分别为43.2%和22.8%,但同时给予神经元化合物6后,24和36h 神经元存活率得到显著提高,分别为75.2%和51.8%,表明化合物6对Hb诱导小胶质细胞损伤的神经元有明显保护作用。
3.2化合物6对脑出血大鼠神经功能缺损的影响
ICH组的NDS显著高于假手术组(P<0.01),表明脑出血手术是成功的。15mg/kg 组在给药后的1、3d均能够显著改善大鼠的神经功能缺损,而5mg/kg组只在给药后1d能显著降低脑出血大鼠的NDS。
3.3化合物6对脑出血大鼠脑组织含水量的影响
出血后,大鼠脑组织中的含水量会显著升高(P<0.01),并在3d达到最大,即85.23%;15mg/kg组在1、3d均能显著降低脑出血大鼠脑组织中的含水量(P<0. 05),其中出血后1d脑组织含水量下降了15.86%,3d下降20.44%;而5mg/kg 组只在3d能明显降低脑出血大鼠脑组织中的含水量(P<0.05),其使脑组织含水量下降了12.98%。
以上描述了本发明优选实施方式,然其并非用以限定本发明。本领域技术人员对在此公开的实施方案可进行并不偏离本发明范畴和精神的改进和变化。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的式6化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述药学上可接受的盐选自:盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐等。
4.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-2任一项所述式6化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
5.权利要求1-2任一项所述的式6所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗脑损伤的药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脑损伤为缺血性脑卒中所引起的损伤。
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