CN113109520B

CN113109520B - Soil-vegetation environment monitoring analogue means

Info

Publication number: CN113109520B
Application number: CN202110456968.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贾小旭; 赵春雷; 王娇; 黄来明; 邵明安
Original assignee: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources of CAS
Priority date: 2021-04-27
Filing date: 2021-04-27
Publication date: 2021-10-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-27
Also published as: CN113109520A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological monitoring simulation, in particular to a soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device which comprises a controller, wherein the simulation device comprises a plurality of pot barrels stacked from top to bottom, a positioning framework and a plurality of drainage devices, the pot barrels comprise a barrel frame and a telescopic barrel, a mesh plate is arranged at the bottom of the barrel frame, the positioning framework comprises a vertical frame and a plurality of positioning mechanisms, the drainage devices comprise annular pipes, a plurality of sampling holes are formed in the bottom end of the barrel frame, and the annular pipes are communicated with the sampling holes through a plurality of guide pipes; the method has the advantages that soil solutions of different soil layers are collected to be used as solute transfer processes, underground water can be simulated, the thicknesses of the different soil layers can be simulated, and the tamping degrees of the different soil layers in the soil can be reduced to the maximum extent.

Description

Soil-vegetation environment monitoring analogue means

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological monitoring simulation, in particular to a soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device.

Background

In recent years, the global temperature rise situation brings new challenges and opportunities to scientific research.

The growth of wheat requires proper temperature, and the yield of wheat is greatly influenced with the global warming. How to study the root growth condition of wheat under soil warming and high-temperature ring cultivation is always a technical problem in the field, the existing warming devices only increase air temperature but cannot well study the influence of warming on the root system of wheat, the growth condition of the root system can also greatly influence the growth condition of wheat, and therefore the obtained test data is not accurate enough.

The drawer with application number 201821217863.4 for analyzing the influence of temperature increase on the distribution state of wheat root systems is disclosed as a pot culture barrel, and is provided with a wheat pot culture barrel with an open upper part and a pull type substrate layer; the substrate is arranged in the drawer; the pot body is sequentially provided with a plurality of independent substrate layers along the height direction, so that the pot body is divided into a plurality of layers of mutually independent growth spaces of wheat root systems; and each layer of circumferential side wall of the potted plant barrel is provided with a disc-shaped waterway reflux heating pipe unit.

But has several disadvantages:

(1) the drawer structure of this scheme is the same, can not transfer, to important position, needs refine the sampling region, and the width of drawer, unable adjustment brings unnecessary trouble to the experiment, and the displacement needs real-time adjustment easily to the drawer.

(2) The soil degree of ramming of this scheme can't be adjusted, can't make the soil in the drawer case, and the at utmost is close the degree of ramming on each soil layer of ground soil, the authenticity of the experimental result of influence.

(3) Staff's sampling, current mode is all through the manual work insert a cylinder in soil, and the sampling dynamics is great, and is comparatively troublesome, and the cask height of potting is higher simultaneously, and staff, hand hold the sampling instrument and sample, need the sample that comes out of sampling simultaneously, and the degree of difficulty coefficient is great, potential safety hazard in the time of the operation in the air of increaseing.

(4) The simulation of the underground water flow does not involve, the accuracy of the experimental result is low, the simulation cannot be carried out, and the true environment of vegetation growth is realized

(5) There are no factors involved in simulating the effects of precipitation changes (rain enhancement, rain reduction) outdoors;

(6) the structure of this cask cultivated in a pot is the rectangle structure, receives the influence of great wind-force easily for the cask cultivated in a pot wholly takes place the slope, produces more unnecessary influence to vegetation growth simulation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil-vegetation environment monitoring and simulating device aiming at the defects of the prior art.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device comprises a controller, wherein the simulation device comprises a plurality of pot barrels stacked from top to bottom, a positioning framework and a plurality of drainage devices, all the drainage devices are placed in the corresponding pot barrels one by one, the pot barrels comprise a barrel frame and telescopic barrels in threaded fit with the inner surface of the barrel frame, a mesh plate is arranged at the bottom of the barrel frame, the positioning framework comprises a vertical frame and a plurality of positioning mechanisms which can be in sliding fit with the vertical frame, all the positioning mechanisms are in one-to-one clamping fit with all the pot barrels, the drainage devices comprise annular pipe fittings, a plurality of sampling holes are formed in the bottom end of the barrel frame, the annular pipe fittings are communicated with the sampling holes through a plurality of guide pipes, and the telescopic barrels are integrally formed by an inner barrel and an outer barrel which are overlapped by a central line and are distributed in a shape of a circle, the outer surface of the inner cylinder is provided with external threads, the inner side of the cylinder frame is provided with internal threads matched with the external threads, the cylinder frame is fixedly provided with an arc panel matched with the outer cylinder in a clamping mode, a plurality of vertical clamping grooves are distributed in the bottom of the outer cylinder at equal angles around the central line of the outer cylinder, one end of the arc panel on the central line of the outer cylinder is provided with a plurality of limiting clamping grooves, and all the limiting clamping grooves and the plurality of vertical clamping grooves are matched in a staggered mode to form a cylindrical surface structure.

Furthermore, the annular pipe fitting is horizontally arranged, and a plurality of drainage holes are distributed in the top of the annular pipe fitting at equal angles around the center line of the annular pipe fitting.

Further, the vertical cross-section of annular pipe fitting is the rectangle structure, annular pipe fitting is including annular channel and the annular apron that is used for sealing annular channel top, and all drainage holes all set up on annular apron, and annular apron lies in every drainage hole side and all is provided with the wedge panel, and the orientation of all wedge panels is clockwise distribution mutually, and annular apron bottom has the V panel around the equiangular difference cloth of self central line, and the orientation of all V panels is anticlockwise distribution.

Furthermore, the cask interpolation of cultivated in a pot is equipped with conductivity sensor, temperature sensor, humidity transducer and the electrothermal tube all with controller electric connection, and the top that is located the cask cultivated in a pot of the top is installed and is sprayed the subassembly.

Further, positioning mechanism is including the semicircle frame that the average level set up, the centre gripping slat and two elastic bands of two convex structures, and the one end of centre gripping slat is passed through vertical axle and is connected with the one end rotation of semicircle frame, the other end of centre gripping slat and the one end fixed connection of elastic band, the other end of elastic band and semicircle frame's mid point fixed connection, the lower half section integrated into one piece in the drum frame outside has the annular hoop, and the circular arc inboard of semicircle frame and all centre gripping slats all is provided with and hoops joint complex circular arc groove with the annular.

Further, the diameter of centre gripping slat is the same with semi-circular frame's diameter, the opening of centre gripping slat and semi-circular frame's opening all face inboard, and the tripod is installed to semi-circular frame's outside symmetry, and the tripod can with vertical frame sliding fit, top-down is provided with a plurality of screw hole on the vertical frame, and threaded mounting has the locking bolt on the tripod.

Further, vertical frame is still including the lead screw slip table of vertical setting, and the slider is installed in the transmission on the lead screw slip table, and articulated on this slider installs sampling mechanism and tamping mechanism, tamping mechanism is including the multi freedom connecting rod and the tamping subassembly with slider articulated, the multi freedom connecting rod loops through vertical pivot articulated connecting rod including a plurality of, and all connecting rod levels set up, and one of them is in the one end of terminal connecting rod and is articulated through vertical axis and slider, and the tamping subassembly is installed at another tip that is in terminal connecting rod, the tamping subassembly is provided with vertical pole including tamping block and tamping block top, vertical pole and connecting rod tip sliding fit.

Further, sampling mechanism is including sampling subassembly, semicircle slide and circular arc draw runner, the equal level of semicircle slide and circular arc draw runner sets up and is concentric, and the radian direction of rounding off draw runner and circle slide is the same, and circular arc draw runner bottom is through circular arc slider and semicircle slide sliding fit, is provided with the circular arc spout on the circular arc draw runner, sampling subassembly and circular arc spout sliding fit, the opening of semicircle slide is just to vertical frame, and the sampling subassembly is including sampling cylinder panel, the inboard of sampling cylinder panel is provided with a plurality of fall wedge plate along self central line direction, and all fall wedge plates all towards the end of sampling cylinder panel.

Furthermore, a plurality of flattening tooth blocks are distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the bottom edge of the tamping block, and oblique angles are chamfered at the outer edge of the top of each flattening tooth block.

The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device has the beneficial effects that: the method has the following technical effects:

one is as follows: according to the invention, the sensors are arranged on different soil layers, the temperature, the humidity and the electric conductivity of soil are dynamically monitored, the soil water potential can be measured, and the electric heating pipe can simulate the influence of temperature increase on the growth of the vegetation root;

the second step is as follows: the isotope tracers are injected into different soil layers of the pot barrel, so that the trend of ions in the soil can be detected;

and thirdly: the drainage device can collect soil solutions of different soil layers to be used in the solute transfer process, when more water is injected into one of the flow guide pipes, water flows through the annular pipe fitting and then flows out of the other flow guide pipes, and the water flow can simulate underground water and influence on vegetation roots;

fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: the height of each potting barrel is adjustable independently, different soil layer thicknesses can be simulated, positions needing to be observed in areas with complex roots are focused, the division is thinner for the gravity areas by reducing the height of the drawer, the sampling width is narrower, and the condition that the sampling width is narrow can be met for carrying out separation sampling in a mode of any width;

and fifthly: according to the invention, the plurality of sampling holes are formed in the bottom of the potting barrel, the temperature sensors with different numbers are respectively inserted into the plurality of sampling holes, and the temperature is detected in multiple points, so that the temperature detection accuracy is improved;

and the sixth step: according to the invention, when a pot barrel is added, soil in the pot barrel can be tamped by the tamping mechanism, and soil in different pot barrels is tamped by the tamping mechanism, so that the tamping degree of different soil layers in the soil is reduced to the maximum degree.

And the seventh step: the soil sampling mechanism provided by the invention can randomly sample, and can enable the sampling assembly to collect all sampling holes of the potted plant barrel through the matching of the semicircular slide way and the arc slide bar, and the sampling assembly and the sample are not required to bear the weight, so that the sampling difficulty is greatly reduced;

eight of them: according to the invention, the vertical frame is matched with the positioning mechanism, so that the stability of the potted plant barrel after accumulation is improved, and meanwhile, the structure of the potted plant barrel is a cylindrical structure, so that wind power can be discharged, the influence of the wind power is reduced, the whole body is ensured to be always vertical, the vegetation is prevented from being askew and long, and the experimental result influenced by unnecessary factors can be avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a potting barrel of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at A;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the potting barrel of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of FIG. 4 at B;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective exploded view of the potting drum of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the potting drum and drainage device of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view at H of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view, partially in section, in perspective, of a drainage device of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the positioning mechanism of the present invention without clamping the pot barrel;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view at C of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the positioning mechanism of the present invention in a state of holding a potting barrel;

FIG. 13 is a schematic partial perspective view of the tamping mechanism, sampling mechanism and vertical frame of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of the tamping mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view at D of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of a sampling mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged view at E of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is an enlarged view at F of FIG. 16;

description of reference numerals:

1. a pot barrel; 11. a cylindrical frame; 12. a telescopic cylinder; 13. a mesh plate; 14. a sampling hole; 15. an inner cylinder; 16. an outer cylinder; 17. a cambered plate; 18. a vertical slot; 19. a limiting clamping groove; 191. an annular band; 192. a wavy slideway; 193. a plugging ring;

2. positioning the framework; 21. a vertical frame; 22. a vertical axis; 23. a semicircular frame; 24. clamping the batten; 25. an elastic band; 26. an arc groove; 27. a tripod; 28. a screw rod sliding table;

3. a drainage device; 31. an annular tube member; 32. a drainage hole; 33. an annular cover plate; 34. an annular channel; 35. a wedge panel; 36. a V-panel; 37. a flow guide pipe;

4. a tamping mechanism; 41. a multi-degree-of-freedom connecting rod; 42. a vertical rod; 43. tamping blocks; 44. a slider; 45. flattening the tooth blocks; 46. a drive motor; 47. a gear roll; 48. a gear; 49. a buffer spring; 491. a gasket;

5. a sampling mechanism; 51. a semicircular slideway; 52. a circular arc slider; 53. a circular arc chute; 54. sampling a cylindrical panel; 55. a wedge backing plate;

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

referring to fig. 1 to 18, a soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device comprises a controller, the simulation device comprises a plurality of pot barrels 1 stacked from top to bottom, a positioning framework 2 and a plurality of drainage devices 3, all the drainage devices 3 are placed in the corresponding pot barrels 1 one by one, the pot barrels 1 comprise a barrel frame 11 and a telescopic barrel 12 in threaded fit with the inner surface of the barrel frame 11, a mesh plate 13 is arranged at the bottom of the barrel frame 11, the positioning framework 2 comprises a vertical frame 21 and a plurality of positioning mechanisms which can be in sliding fit with the vertical frame 21, all the positioning mechanisms are in one-to-one clamping fit with all the pot barrels 1, the drainage devices 3 comprise annular pipe fittings 31, a plurality of sampling holes 14 are arranged at the bottom end of the barrel frame 11, the annular pipe fittings 31 are communicated with the sampling holes 14 through a plurality of guide pipes 37, according to the invention, the vertical frame 21 is matched with the positioning mechanism, so that the stability of the potted plant barrel 1 after accumulation is improved, meanwhile, the structure of the potted plant barrel 1 is a cylindrical structure, wind power can be discharged, the influence of the wind power is reduced, the whole can be ensured to be always vertical, the vegetation is prevented from being askew and long, and the experimental result influenced by unnecessary factors can be avoided.

The telescopic cylinder 12 is formed by integrating an inner cylinder 15 and an outer cylinder 16 which are superposed by central lines and distributed in a shape of a circle, an external thread is arranged on the outer surface of the inner cylinder 15, an internal thread matched with the external thread is arranged on the inner side of the cylinder frame 11, an arc panel 17 matched with the outer cylinder 16 in a clamping mode is fixedly installed on the cylinder frame 11, a plurality of vertical clamping grooves 18 are distributed on the bottom of the outer cylinder 16 at equal angle difference around the central line of the outer cylinder, a plurality of limiting clamping grooves 19 are formed in one end of the arc panel 17 on the central line of the outer cylinder, and all the limiting clamping grooves 19 and the plurality of vertical clamping grooves 18 are matched in a staggered mode to form a cylindrical surface structure.

Rotate flexible drum 12, it is rotatory around drum frame 11, can realize the degree of depth adjustment of cask 1 cultivated in a pot, rotate flexible drum 12, then arc panel 17 and flexible drum 12's vertical draw-in groove 18 joint, fix arc panel 17 in drum frame 11's the outside, then, flexible drum 12 is unable rotatory, then flexible drum 12 can't realize the displacement in vertical direction, can realize the highly fixed of cask 1 cultivated in a pot.

The depth of the pot barrel 1 can be adjusted by rotating the cylinder frame 11, after the pot barrel 1 is filled with soil, the drainage device 3 can collect soil solutions of different soil layers for solute transfer, the annular pipe fitting 31 is horizontally arranged, a plurality of drainage holes 32 are distributed on the top of the annular pipe fitting at equal angles around the central line of the annular pipe fitting 31, a certain amount of water is injected, the soil can fall into the annular pipe fitting 31 from the drainage holes 32 for dissolution, and the soil solutions of different soil layers can be collected in such a way for solute transfer,

the vertical section of the annular pipe fitting 31 is of a rectangular structure, the annular pipe fitting 31 comprises an annular channel 34 and an annular cover plate 33 used for sealing the top of the annular channel 34, all the drainage holes 32 are formed in the annular cover plate 33, wedge plates 35 are arranged on the annular cover plate 33 and located beside each drainage hole 32, the orientation of all the wedge plates 35 is clockwise distributed, V-shaped plates 36 are distributed at the bottom of the annular cover plate 33 at equal angle difference around the center line of the annular cover plate, the orientation of all the V-shaped plates 36 is anticlockwise distributed, when more water is injected into one of the drainage pipes 37, water flows through the annular pipe fitting 31 and then flows out of other drainage pipes 37, and the water flow can simulate underground water and influence on a vegetation root system;

the annular cover plate 33 is in sliding fit with the top of the annular channel 34, when the pressure of water flow injected into one of the guide pipes 37 is high, the V-shaped panel 36 is pushed to drive the annular cover plate 33 to rotate clockwise, all the wedge panels 35 are driven to rotate for a certain angle, soil near the wedge panels 35 is shoveled down and falls into the annular pipe fitting 31, the water flow flows away along with the water flow, the water flow passes through the annular pipe fitting 31 and then flows out from other guide pipes 37, and the water flow can simulate underground water and influence the growth environment of the vegetation root system;

the cylindrical frame 11 is capped with a stopper ring 193 over the sampling port 14 to prevent soil from exiting the sampling port 14.

The height of each pot barrel 1 is adjustable independently, different soil layer thicknesses can be simulated, positions needing to be observed in an area with a complex root are divided more finely for the area with the heavy points by reducing the height of the drawer, and the width of sampling is narrower, so that the condition that the sampling is carried out in a mode of any width can be met;

the utility model discloses a controller, including cask 1 cultivated in a pot, the cask 1 interpolation of cultivated in a pot is equipped with all with controller electric connection's conductivity sensor, temperature sensor, humidity transducer and electrothermal tube, and the top that is located the cask 1 cultivated in a pot of the top installs spray assembly, spray assembly including the water pump with the shower head of water pump output end intercommunication, the shower head (not shown in the figure) is fixed on the flexible drum 12 of the top, at the influence of outdoor simulation precipitation change (increase rain, subtract rain).

According to the invention, the sensors are arranged on different soil layers, the temperature, the humidity and the electric conductivity of soil are dynamically monitored, the water potential of the soil can be measured, the electric heating tube can simulate the influence of temperature increase on the growth of the roots of a plant, and isotopic tracers are injected into different soil layers of the pot barrel 1, so that the trend of ions in the soil can be detected;

the model of the conductivity sensor is 404-16(PVC), the model of the temperature sensor is HIH-3602, the model of the humidity sensor is AM2320, the model of the controller is 6SL3040-0PA00-0AA1, and the working principles of the conductivity sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are the prior art and are not detailed here.

Positioning mechanism is including the semicircle frame 23 that equal level set up, the centre gripping slat 24 and two elastic bands 25 of two circular arc structures, and the one end of vertical axle 22 and semicircle frame 23 are passed through to centre gripping slat 24's one end and are rotated and be connected, the other end of centre gripping slat 24 and the one end fixed connection of elastic band 25, the other end of elastic band 25 and semicircle frame 23's mid point fixed connection, the lower half section integrated into one piece in the cylinder frame 11 outside has annular hoop 191, and semicircle frame 23 and all centre gripping slats 24's circular arc inboard all is provided with and hoops 191 joint complex circular arc groove 26 with the annular.

After the potted plant barrels 1 are accumulated, the annular hoops 191 of the potted plant barrels 1 are pushed into the semicircular frame 23, the annular hoops 191 of the potted plant barrels 1 are clamped into the circular arc grooves 26 of the semicircular frame 23, the elastic belts 25 are tightly propped, the contraction force of the elastic belts 25 drives the two clamping strips 24 to contract inwards, so that the potted plant barrels 1 are clamped, the displacement between the two adjacent potted plant barrels 1 is prevented, meanwhile, the bottom of the potted plant barrel 1 above is provided with a wave-shaped slideway 192, and the top of the telescopic barrel 12 of the potted plant barrel 1 below is also provided with the wave-shaped slideway 192.

The diameter of centre gripping slat 24 is the same with semi-circular frame 23's diameter, the opening of centre gripping slat 24 and semi-circular frame 23's opening all towards the inboard, and tripod 27 is installed to semi-circular frame 23's outside symmetry, and tripod 27 can be with vertical frame 21 sliding fit, vertical frame 21 is gone up top-down and is provided with a plurality of screw hole, and the locking bolt is installed to the screw thread on tripod 27, and after all casks 1 cultivated in a pot accumulated up, through the locking bolt with positioning mechanism lock post, the stability of improvement positioning mechanism and cask 1 cultivated in a pot.

Vertical frame 21 is still including the lead screw slip table 28 of vertical setting, and the slider 44 is installed in the transmission on lead screw slip table 28, and articulated sampling mechanism 5 and tamping mechanism 4 of installing are gone up to this slider 44, tamping mechanism 4 is including the connecting rod 41 and the tamping subassembly of the multi freedom with slider 44 articulated, connecting rod 41 of the multi freedom loops through vertical pivot articulated connecting rod including a plurality of, and all connecting rod levels set up, and one of them is in the one end of terminal connecting rod and is passed through vertical axis and slider 44 articulated, and the tamping unit mount is at another tip that is in terminal connecting rod, the tamping subassembly is provided with vertical pole 42 including tamping piece 43 and tamping piece 43 top, vertical pole 42 and connecting rod tip sliding fit.

The staff, only need hand push the subassembly of ramming, can realize the regional adjustment of ramming the subassembly of ramming, then through lead screw slip table 28, the drive subassembly of ramming pushes down, tamps soil.

Sampling mechanism 5 is including sampling subassembly, semicircle slide 51 and circular arc draw runner 52, semicircle slide 51 and the equal level of circular arc draw runner 52 set up and the centre of a circle altogether, and the radian direction of rounding off draw runner and circle slide is the same, and circular arc draw runner 52 bottom is through circular arc slider 44 and semicircle slide 51 sliding fit, is provided with circular arc spout 53 on the circular arc draw runner 52, sampling subassembly and circular arc spout (53) sliding fit, the opening of semicircle slide 51 is just to vertical frame 21, and the sampling subassembly is including sampling cylinder panel 54, the inboard of sampling cylinder panel 54 is provided with a plurality of back wedge board 55 along self central line direction, and all back wedge boards 55 all are towards the end of sampling cylinder panel 54.

The soil sampling mechanism 5 of the invention samples randomly, and can ensure that the sampling assembly collects all the sampling holes 14 of the potted plant barrel 1 through the matching of the semicircular slide way 51 and the circular arc slide strip 52, and the sampling assembly and the sample do not bear the weight, thereby greatly reducing the sampling difficulty;

a plurality of leveling toothed blocks 45 distributed at equal intervals are integrally formed at the bottom edge of the tamping block 43 in the circumferential direction, and oblique angles are chamfered at the outer edge of the top of the leveling toothed blocks 45.

The connecting rod is provided with a driving motor 46 at the side of the vertical rod 42, the vertical rod 42 is provided with a buffer spring 49 right above the connecting rod, two ends of the buffer spring 49 are provided with gaskets 491, an output shaft of the driving motor 46 is provided with a gear roller 47, the vertical rod 42 is provided with a gear 48, and the gear 48 is meshed with the gear roller 47.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a soil-vegetation environment monitoring analogue means, including the controller, its characterized in that: the simulation device comprises a plurality of pot barrels (1) stacked from top to bottom, a positioning framework (2) and a plurality of drainage devices (3), wherein all the drainage devices (3) are placed in the corresponding pot barrels (1) one by one, the pot barrels (1) comprise a barrel frame (11) and a telescopic barrel (12) in threaded fit with the inner surface of the barrel frame (11), a mesh plate (13) is arranged at the bottom of the barrel frame (11), the positioning framework (2) comprises a vertical frame (21) and a plurality of positioning mechanisms which can be in sliding fit with the vertical frame (21), all the positioning mechanisms are in one-to-one clamping fit with all the pot barrels (1), the drainage devices (3) comprise annular pipe fittings (31), a plurality of sampling holes (14) are formed in the bottom end of the barrel frame (11), and the annular pipe fittings (31) are communicated with the sampling holes (14) through a plurality of guide pipes (37), the telescopic cylinder (12) is formed by integrating an inner cylinder (15) and an outer cylinder (16) which are superposed by central lines and distributed in a shape of a Chinese character 'hui', external threads are arranged on the outer surface of the inner cylinder (15), internal threads matched with the external threads are arranged on the inner side of a cylinder frame (11), an arc panel (17) matched with the outer cylinder (16) in a clamping mode is fixedly installed on the cylinder frame (11), a plurality of vertical clamping grooves (18) are distributed in the bottom of the outer cylinder (16) at equal angles around the central line of the cylinder frame, a plurality of limiting clamping grooves (19) are formed in one end of the arc panel (17) on the central line of the cylinder frame, and the limiting clamping grooves (19) and the vertical clamping grooves (18) are matched in a staggered mode to form a cylindrical surface structure.

2. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 1, characterized in that: the annular pipe fitting (31) is horizontally arranged, and a plurality of drainage holes (32) are distributed in the top of the annular pipe fitting at equal angles around the center line of the annular pipe fitting.

3. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 2, characterized in that: the vertical cross-section of annular pipe fitting (31) is the rectangle structure, annular pipe fitting (31) are including annular channel (34) and annular apron (33) that are used for sealing annular channel (34) top, all drainage holes (32) all set up on annular apron (33), annular apron (33) are located every drainage hole (32) side and all are provided with wedge panel (35), the orientation of all wedge panel (35) is clockwise distribution mutually, annular apron (33) bottom is around the equal angle difference of self central line to distribute has V panel (36), the orientation of all V panels (36) is anticlockwise distribution.

4. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 1, characterized in that: the pot plant barrel (1) is internally inserted with a conductivity sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an electric heating tube which are all electrically connected with the controller, and the top of the pot plant barrel (1) positioned at the top is provided with a spraying assembly.

5. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 1, characterized in that: positioning mechanism is including semicircle frame (23), the centre gripping slat (24) and two elastic bands (25) of two circular arc structures that equal level set up, and the one end of vertical axle (22) and semicircle frame (23) is passed through to the one end of centre gripping slat (24) is rotated and is connected, the other end of centre gripping slat (24) and the one end fixed connection of elastic band (25), the other end of elastic band (25) and the mid point fixed connection of semicircle frame (23), the lower half section integrated into one piece in drum frame (11) outside has annular hoop (191), and the circular arc inboard of semicircle frame (23) and all centre gripping slats (24) all is provided with and hoops (191) joint complex circular arc groove (26).

6. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 5, characterized in that: the diameter of centre gripping slat (24) is the same with the diameter of semi-circular frame (23), the opening of centre gripping slat (24) and the opening of semi-circular frame (23) all face towards the inboard, and tripod (27) are installed to the outside symmetry of semi-circular frame (23), tripod (27) can with vertical frame (21) sliding fit, top-down is provided with a plurality of screw hole on vertical frame (21), and the threaded mounting has the locking bolt on tripod (27).

7. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical frame (21) also comprises a vertically arranged screw rod sliding table (28), a sliding block (44) is arranged on the screw rod sliding table (28) in a transmission way, the slide block (44) is hinged with a sampling mechanism (5) and a tamping mechanism (4), the tamping mechanism (4) comprises a multi-degree-of-freedom connecting rod (41) hinged with a sliding block (44) and a tamping component, the multi-degree-of-freedom connecting rod (41) comprises a plurality of connecting rods which are hinged through a vertical rotating shaft in sequence, all the connecting rods are horizontally arranged, one end of one connecting rod at the tail end is hinged with a sliding block (44) through a vertical middle shaft, the tamping component is arranged at the end part of the other connecting rod at the tail end, the tamping assembly comprises a tamping block (43) and a vertical rod (42) arranged at the top of the tamping block (43), and the vertical rod (42) is in sliding fit with the end part of the connecting rod.

8. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 7, wherein: sampling mechanism (5) is including sampling subassembly, semicircle slide (51) and circular arc draw runner (52), semicircle slide (51) and the equal level of circular arc draw runner (52) set up and be in the same centre of a circle, and the radian direction of rounding off draw runner and circle slide is the same, and circular arc draw runner (52) bottom is through circular arc slider (44) and semicircle slide (51) sliding fit, is provided with circular arc spout (53) on circular arc draw runner (52), sampling subassembly and circular arc spout (53) sliding fit, the opening of semicircle slide (51) is just to vertical frame (21), and the sampling subassembly is including sampling cylinder panel (54), the inboard of sampling cylinder panel (54) is provided with a plurality of fall wedge board (55) along self central line direction, and all fall wedge board (55) are all towards the end of sampling cylinder panel (54).

9. The soil-vegetation environment monitoring simulation device of claim 7, wherein: the bottom edge of the tamping block (43) is circumferentially and integrally formed with a plurality of flattening toothed blocks (45) distributed at equal intervals, and the outer edge of the top of each flattening toothed block (45) is chamfered with an oblique angle.