CN113106246A - 一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法及其表征方法 - Google Patents
一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法及其表征方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法及其表征方法,有机碳改性方法包括以下步骤:(1)含碳难处理金矿磨矿制成矿粉;(2)矿粉置于硫酸溶液中制成矿浆,酸化预处理;(3)酸化物料置于反应釜中,充氧气并升温进行氧压改性处理,冷却固液分离,获得氧压渣;表征方法为:(1)氧压渣水洗后与氢氧化钠溶液混合,烘干、磨细后与萃取剂混合;(2)搅拌加热进行萃取,静置;(3)离心分离后的液相加入硫酸酸析;(4)酸析物料加热至60±1℃保温,静置获得胡敏酸和富啡酸;(5)进行吸附金能力测试。本发明的方法利用氧压过程对有机碳进行改性,改变有机碳的分子结构,并降低有机碳的“吸附金”能力,反应时间短,能耗相对较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于贵金属冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法及其表征方法。
背景技术
含碳金矿是目前难处理的金矿种类之一;由于其含有碳质物,导致在浸金阶段极容易导致“劫金”现象的发生,含碳金矿中的碳质物会对浸出液中的金物质进行吸附或使金无法与浸出液进行有效的接触,造成金浸出率严重下降,并带来巨大的经济损失。含碳难处理金矿中的有机碳结构和组成极为复杂,并且不同的金矿中,有机碳的组成和性质又存在不同。有机碳中最主要的组成部分为腐植物,根据在酸、碱性溶液中溶解度的不同,腐植物可以具体地分为胡敏酸、富啡酸和胡敏素。研究显示,有机碳腐植物主要是通过胡敏酸的表面活性位点的吸附作用对金产生“劫金”效应的,或通过富啡酸表面的活性官能团对金产生螯合作用而引发载金现象。目前,大多数的学者都认为,当金矿中碳质物的含量高于0.3%时,就可以导致“劫金”现象的发生。因此,有机碳的消除、分解以及改性在含碳难处理金矿的预处理过程中显得尤为关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法及其表征方法,利用氧压反应对金矿中的有机碳分子改性处理,然后作为提金原料进行提金;同时通过碱热萃取对改性后的有机碳提取分离。
本发明的含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将含碳难处理金矿用球磨机磨矿,至粒度≤200目的部分占总质量≥90%,制成矿粉;
(2)将矿粉置于硫酸溶液中搅拌均匀制成矿浆,将矿浆在40~60℃条件下进行酸化预处理,时间1~2h,获得酸化物料;其中矿浆的质量浓度20~30%;
(3)将酸化物料置于反应釜中,向反应釜充入氧气并升温至160~200℃,使反应釜内的总压力为1200~3000kPa,氧分压为350~600kPa,开始进行有机碳的氧压改性处理,时间2~3h,然后冷却至常温;将反应釜内的物料固液分离,获得的固相为氧压渣。
上述方法中,获得的氧压渣加水制成质量浓度20~30%的矿浆,加入氢氧化钠并搅拌至矿浆的pH值为中性,然后在搅拌条件下逐步加入氧化钙,直至pH值为11~12,形成碱性浆料,采用氰化提金工艺进行提金。
上述的步骤(1)中,含碳难处理金矿中含Au 13.1~14.9g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe19.7~22.64%,As 3.06~3.98%,S 20.4~23.8%,有机碳3.06~3.47%。
上述的步骤(1)中,球磨机为行星式球磨机,球磨时转速为200~400rpm。
上述的步骤(2)中,硫酸溶液的浓度为0.5~2M。
上述的步骤(3)中,固液分离的方式为采用真空过滤机进行真空过滤。
本发明的一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法的表征方法按以下步骤进行:
(1)将氧压渣水洗至洗液为中性;将水洗后的氧压渣与氢氧化钠溶液搅拌混合均匀,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1~0.5M,混合比例按氢氧化钠溶液占氧压渣质量的10~20%,然后烘干去除水分,再磨细至粒度≤200目的部分占总质量≥95%,获得碱性氧压渣;将碱性氧压渣与萃取剂混合制成质量浓度25~35%的二次矿浆;
(2)将二次矿浆在搅拌条件下加热至80~100℃,搅拌速度为200~400rpm,然后保温8~10h进行萃取,再静置至常温获得萃取物料;其中萃取剂为焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的混合溶液;混合溶液的浓度为0.5~1M,混合溶液中焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的质量比为1:(2~5);
(3)将萃取物料离心分离,离心转速为2000~4000rpm,离心分离的时间至少10min,获得的液相加入硫酸溶液,静置进行酸析,获得酸析物料;其中硫酸溶液的浓度为0.5~2M;硫酸溶液的用量按硫酸溶液占液相体积的10~15%,酸析时间为6~10h;
(4)将酸析物料加热至60±1℃后保温40~60min,然后停止加热,再静置3~5h,获得固体沉淀和棕褐色液体;固体沉淀为胡敏酸,棕褐色液体为富啡酸;
(5)采用红外光谱、紫外可见光光谱和拉曼光谱分别对胡敏酸和富啡酸进行改性后的结构测试;利用吸附金实验对改性后的有机碳进行吸附金能力测试。
上述的吸附金能力测试采用《Gold Processing—Project Development andOperations》第49章节的第6部分记载的方案进行。
上述的胡敏酸外观为黑色,形状为片状或颗粒状。
本发明的方法通过氧压反应前用酸进行预处理,去除杂质及碳酸盐矿物,避免其对改性造成不良影响;然后利用氧压过程对有机碳进行改性,改变有机碳的分子结构,并降低有机碳的“吸附金”能力;通过提取有机碳并分离胡敏酸和富啡酸,对改性后的胡敏酸和富啡酸进行“吸附金”能力测试,与未改性的进行对比;将氧压渣用氢氧化钠调成碱性,是为了有利于碱热萃取,通过碱热萃取后酸洗,能够分离出胡敏酸和富啡酸便于分析表征;本发明中所使用的的氧压反应无毒无害,反应时间短,能耗相对较低;整个流程药剂用量低,能够充分提高含碳金矿的金提取效率,且实现改性有机碳的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中的一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法及其表征方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中氧压渣含Au 20.6~23.1g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 7.14~8.26%,As 0.69~0.75%,S 9.07~9.41%,有机碳3.01~3.20%。
本发明实施例中,将氧压渣加水制成质量浓度20~30%的矿浆,加入氢氧化钠并搅拌至矿浆的pH值为中性,然后在搅拌条件下逐步加入氧化钙,直至pH值为11~12,形成碱性浆料,采用氰化提金工艺进行提金。
本发明实施例中,改性后的有机碳的吸附金能力测试采用《Gold Processing—Project Development and Operations》第49章节的第6部分记载的方案进行。
本发明实施例中氧压改性处理后冷却至常温,是向反应釜夹套内通入冷却水对反应釜内的物料进行冷却。
本发明实施例中氧压改性处理在搅拌条件下进行。
实施例1
流程如图1所示;
有机碳改性方法为:
将含碳难处理金矿用球磨机磨矿,至粒度≤200目的部分占总质量90%,制成矿粉;含碳难处理金矿中含Au 13.1g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 19.7%,As 3.06%,S 20.4%,有机碳3.06%;球磨机为行星式球磨机,球磨时转速为200rpm;
将矿粉置于硫酸溶液中搅拌均匀制成矿浆,将矿浆在60℃条件下进行酸化预处理,时间1h,获得酸化物料;其中矿浆的质量浓度20%;硫酸溶液的浓度为0.5M;
将酸化物料置于反应釜中,向反应釜充入氧气并升温至160℃,使反应釜内的总压力为1200kPa,氧分压为350kPa,开始进行有机碳的氧压改性处理,时间3h,然后冷却至常温;完成氧压改性处理;将反应釜内的物料采用真空过滤机进行真空过滤,获得的固相为氧压渣;
氧压渣中含Au 20.5g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 7.14%,As 0.696%,S 9.07%,有机碳3.01%;
获得的氧压渣加水制成质量浓度20~30%的矿浆,加入氢氧化钠并搅拌至矿浆的pH值为中性,然后在搅拌条件下逐步加入氧化钙,直至pH值为11~12,形成碱性浆料,采用氰化提金工艺进行提金;
表征方法为:
(1)将氧压渣水洗至洗液为中性;将水洗后的氧压渣与氢氧化钠溶液搅拌混合均匀,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1M,混合比例按氢氧化钠溶液占氧压渣质量的20%,然后烘干去除水分,再磨细至粒度≤200目的部分占总质量≥95%,获得碱性氧压渣;将碱性氧压渣与萃取剂混合制成质量浓度25%的二次矿浆;
(2)将二次矿浆在搅拌条件下加热至80℃,搅拌速度为400rpm,然后保温10h进行萃取,再静置至常温获得萃取物料;其中萃取剂为焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的混合溶液;混合溶液的浓度为0.5M,混合溶液中焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的质量比为1:2;
(3)将萃取物料离心分离,离心转速为4000rpm,离心分离的时间10min,获得的液相加入硫酸溶液,静置进行酸析,获得酸析物料;其中硫酸溶液的浓度为2M;硫酸溶液的用量按硫酸溶液占液相体积的10%,酸析时间为6h;胡敏酸外观为黑色,形状为片状或颗粒状;
(4)将酸析物料加热至60±1℃后保温40min,然后停止加热,再静置3h,获得固体沉淀和棕褐色液体;固体沉淀为胡敏酸,棕褐色液体为富啡酸;
(5)采用红外光谱、紫外可见光光谱和拉曼光谱分别对胡敏酸和富啡酸进行改性后的结构测试;利用吸附金实验对改性后的有机碳进行吸附金能力测试;
分析结果发现,胡敏酸中的脂肪族结构被破坏,含氧官能团结构遭到不同程度的氧化分解;富啡酸的腐殖化程度降低,分子量下降,拉曼光谱显示D峰和G峰的强度比值R值降低;对改性后的有机碳进行“劫金”能力测试,测试结果表明“劫金”能力分别下降50.5%和48.5%。
实施例2
方法同实施例1,不同点在于:
(1)矿粉粒度≤200目的部分占总质量92%,制成;含碳难处理金矿中含Au 14g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 21.17%,As 3.52%,S 22.1%,有机碳3.27%;球磨转速为300rpm;
(2)矿浆在40℃条件下进行酸化预处理,时间2h;其中矿浆的质量浓度25%;硫酸溶液的浓度为1M;
(3)升温至180℃,反应釜内的总压力为2200kPa,氧分压为400kPa,有机碳改性处理时间2.5h;
(4)氧压渣中含Au 21.3g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 7.7%,As 0.719%,S 9.24%,有机碳3.13%;
表征方法同实施例1,不同点在于:
(1)氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.3M,混合比例按氢氧化钠溶液占氧压渣质量的15%;将碱性氧压渣与萃取剂混合制成质量浓度30%的二次矿浆;
(2)将二次矿浆在搅拌条件下加热至90℃,搅拌速度为300rpm,然后保温9h进行萃取;混合溶液的浓度为0.8M,混合溶液中焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的质量比为1:3;
(3)离心分离转速为3000rpm,离心分离的时间15min;硫酸溶液的浓度为1M;硫酸溶液的用量按硫酸溶液占液相体积的12%,酸析时间为8h;
(4)将酸析物料加热至60±1℃后保温50min,静置4h;
对改性后的有机碳进行“劫金”能力测试,测试结果表明“劫金”能力分别下降55.5%和52.5%。
实施例3
方法同实施例1,不同点在于:
(1)矿粉粒度≤200目的部分占总质量95%,制成;含碳难处理金矿中含Au14.9g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 22.64%,As 3.98%,S 23.8%,有机碳3.47%;球磨转速为400rpm;
(2)矿浆在50℃条件下进行酸化预处理,时间1.5h;其中矿浆的质量浓度30%;硫酸溶液的浓度为2M;
(3)升温至200℃,反应釜内的总压力为3000kPa,氧分压为600kPa,有机碳改性处理时间2h;
(4)氧压渣中含Au 23.1g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 8.26%,As 0.741%,S9.41%,有机碳3.2%;
表征方法同实施例1,不同点在于:
(1)氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.5M,混合比例按氢氧化钠溶液占氧压渣质量的10%;将碱性氧压渣与萃取剂混合制成质量浓度35%的二次矿浆;
(2)将二次矿浆在搅拌条件下加热至100℃,搅拌速度为200rpm,然后保温8h进行萃取;混合溶液的浓度为1M,混合溶液中焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的质量比为1:5;
(3)离心分离转速为2000rpm,离心分离的时间20min;硫酸溶液的浓度为0.5M;硫酸溶液的用量按硫酸溶液占液相体积的15%,酸析时间为10h;
(4)将酸析物料加热至60±1℃后保温60min,静置5h;
对改性后的有机碳进行“劫金”能力测试,测试结果表明“劫金”能力分别下降60.5%和55.5%。
Claims (7)
1.一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将含碳难处理金矿用球磨机磨矿,至粒度≤200目的部分占总质量≥90%,制成矿粉;
(2)将矿粉置于硫酸溶液中搅拌均匀制成矿浆,将矿浆在40~60℃条件下进行酸化预处理,时间1~2h,获得酸化物料;其中矿浆的质量浓度20~30%;
(3)将酸化物料置于反应釜中,向反应釜充入氧气并升温至160~200℃,使反应釜内的总压力为1200~3000kPa,氧分压为350~600kPa,开始进行有机碳的氧压改性处理,时间2~3h,然后冷却至常温;将反应釜内的物料固液分离,获得的固相为氧压渣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法,其特征在于所述的氧压渣加水制成质量浓度20~30%的矿浆,加入氢氧化钠并搅拌至矿浆的pH值为中性,然后在搅拌条件下逐步加入氧化钙,直至pH值为11~12,形成碱性浆料,采用氰化提金工艺进行提金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,含碳难处理金矿中含Au 13.1~14.9g·t-1,按质量百分比含Fe 19.7~22.64%,As3.06~3.98%,S 20.4~23.8%,有机碳3.06~3.47%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,球磨机为行星式球磨机,球磨时转速为200~400rpm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中,硫酸溶液的浓度为0.5~2M。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中,固液分离的方式为采用真空过滤机进行真空过滤。
7.一种权利要求1所述的含碳难处理金矿的有机碳改性方法的表征方法,其特征在于按以下步骤进行:
(1)将氧压渣水洗至洗液为中性;将水洗后的氧压渣与氢氧化钠溶液搅拌混合均匀,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1~0.5M,混合比例按氢氧化钠溶液占氧压渣质量的10~20%,然后烘干去除水分,再磨细至粒度≤200目的部分占总质量≥95%,获得碱性氧压渣;将碱性氧压渣与萃取剂混合制成质量浓度25~35%的二次矿浆;
(2)将二次矿浆在搅拌条件下加热至80~100℃,搅拌速度为200~400rpm,然后保温8~10h进行萃取,再静置至常温获得萃取物料;其中萃取剂为焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的混合溶液;混合溶液的浓度为0.5~1M,混合溶液中焦磷酸钠与氢氧化钠的质量比为1:(2~5);
(3)将萃取物料离心分离,离心转速为2000~4000rpm,离心分离的时间至少10min,获得的液相加入硫酸溶液,静置进行酸析,获得酸析物料;其中硫酸溶液的浓度为0.5~2M;硫酸溶液的用量按硫酸溶液占液相体积的10~15%,酸析时间为6~10h;
(4)将酸析物料加热至60±1℃后保温40~60min,然后停止加热,再静置3~5h,获得固体沉淀和棕褐色液体;固体沉淀为胡敏酸,棕褐色液体为富啡酸;
(5)采用红外光谱、紫外可见光光谱和拉曼光谱分别对胡敏酸和富啡酸进行改性后的结构测试;利用吸附金实验对改性后的有机碳进行吸附金能力测试。
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