CN113105296B - Preparation process of saline-alkali soil conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation process of a saline-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of utilizing a straw pretreatment device to pretreat straws, sterilizing and killing insects on the pretreated straws, mixing the sterilized and killed straws with a soil structure improver and an organic alkali-reducing raw material, carrying out composting treatment, and utilizing a turning device to turn compost materials. According to the invention, through the straw pretreatment device, the straws can be finely crushed, so that the composting is facilitated, the composting efficiency is improved, the decomposition of the straws can be accelerated, the straws are longitudinally split under the action of the longitudinal splitting cutter set, the strength of the straws is reduced, the subsequent thinning degree is directly improved, the cam cutter disc is of a cam disc-shaped structure, the strength is higher, the cutting depth is gradually and slowly deepened, and the harder straws can be smoothly split.

Description

Preparation process of saline-alkali soil conditioner

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of saline-alkali soil conditioners. In particular to a preparation process of a saline-alkali soil conditioner.

Background

Saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, the normal growth of crops is influenced by the salinity contained in the soil, and the normal structure of the soil can be damaged, the current improvement mode is generally through water conservancy improvement, agricultural technology improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement and the like, the biological improvement is generally through methods such as straw returning and the like, when the straw is utilized, the thinning degree of the straw is not enough, the post-treatment of the straw is influenced, especially when hard straw is treated, the existing treatment equipment has certain defects, and the pile turning is inconvenient in the post-treatment of the straw.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation process of the saline-alkali soil conditioner, which has high straw refining degree and is convenient for post-treatment and turning.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation process of a saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

step A: utilizing a straw pretreatment device to pretreat straws;

and B: sterilizing and killing insects on the pretreated straws;

and C: mixing the sterilized and insecticidal straws with a soil structure improver and an organic alkali-reducing raw material, and performing composting treatment;

step D: and turning the compost materials by using a turning device.

Above-mentioned saline-alkali soil improver's preparation technology, straw preprocessing device includes the casing, the lower part section shape of casing is cylindric, top one side of casing is provided with first compression roller, the top opposite side of casing is provided with fixed frame, fixedly connected with spring telescopic link in the fixed frame, spring telescopic link's the other end is provided with the second compression roller, first compression roller and second compression roller are parallel to each other, a plurality of perpendicular grooves that are parallel to each other are seted up to the inside wall of casing, the top intercommunication of casing has the feeder hopper, one side lower part of casing is provided with the discharge gate, set gradually from top to bottom in the casing indulge riving knife group, vertically refine the subassembly and cut off crushing unit, indulge riving knife group, vertically refine the subassembly and cut off crushing unit's equal transmission of power input and be connected with the motor, indulge riving knife group, the riving knife group, Both the longitudinal attenuation module and the cutting and crushing module rotate anticlockwise.

The preparation process of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the steps that the longitudinal chopper set comprises a first rotating shaft and a plurality of cam disc cutters, the cam disc cutters are coaxially welded on the surface of the first rotating shaft and are parallel to each other, the cam disc cutters are cam-shaped, a cutting edge is formed in the edge of the side wall of each cam disc cutter, and the cutting edges of the protruding portions of the cam disc cutters are inserted into vertical grooves respectively.

The preparation process of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the steps that the longitudinal refining assembly comprises the cam roller and the cutters, the cross section of the cam roller is in a cam shape, three same protrusions are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the cam roller, the middle of the surface of the connecting part of any two protrusions is provided with the cutters, the cutters are in a fish fin shape, and the distance between the highest point of the side surface of each cutter and the center of the cam roller is equal to the distance between the highest point of the protruding part of the cam roller and the center of the cam roller.

In the preparation process of the saline-alkali soil conditioner, the cutting and crushing assembly comprises the second rotating shaft, the side wall of the second rotating shaft is uniformly provided with a plurality of tool rests along the circumferential direction, the top parts of the tool rests are fixedly connected with blades, the blade part of the blade is parallel to the axis of the second rotating shaft, the side surface of the knife rest is hinged with a crushing plate, teeth are arranged on one side of the crushing plate close to the shell, the direction of the crushing plate is opposite to the moving direction of the second rotating shaft, the middle part of the crushing plate is hinged with an elastic supporting rod, the other end of the elastic supporting rod is hinged with the side surface of the knife rest, the cutting and crushing component is arranged in the cylindrical part at the lower part of the shell, and the axis of the second rotating shaft coincides with the axis of the cylindrical part of the shell, the inner wall of the cylindrical part of the shell is provided with a bump, and the discharge hole is arranged along the tangent line of the cylindrical part of the shell.

Above-mentioned saline-alkali soil improver's preparation technology, it includes support frame, mount to turn over the heap device, all be provided with the gyro wheel around the support frame, mount fixed connection is at the top of support frame, the top of support frame articulates there is adjustable support rod subassembly, the articulated telescopic link in top of adjustable support rod subassembly, the side of telescopic link is provided with cleaning device, the side of adjustable support rod subassembly, the side of mount and the side of telescopic link are all rotated and are connected with the backing roll, and are a plurality of the surface transmission of backing roll is connected with a link joint, the surface of link joint is provided with the scraper blade, one the power input end transmission of backing roll is connected with the motor.

The preparation process of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the steps that the supporting rod adjusting assembly comprises two first connecting plates and a second connecting plate, two ends of the second connecting plate are respectively hinged with first ends of the two first connecting plates, a second end of one first connecting plate is hinged with the upper part of the fixing frame, the second end of the other second connecting plate is hinged with one end of the telescopic rod, fan-shaped fixing plates are welded at two ends of the connecting rods, the fan-shaped fixing plates at two ends of the first connecting plates are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode, the circle center of each fan-shaped fixing plate is coincided with the circle center of a hinged joint of the end part of the connecting rod, fixing holes are uniformly formed in the surfaces of the fan-shaped fixing plates along the circumferential direction of the surfaces of the fan-shaped fixing plates, threaded holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the surface fixing holes of the fan-shaped fixing plates, of the second connecting plates, the fixing frames and the telescopic rods, and fixing bolts penetrate through the fixing holes of the surface fixing holes of the fan-shaped fixing plates, the other end of the fixing bolt is in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded hole, and the hinge joint positions at the two ends of the second connecting plate are coaxially and rotatably connected with the supporting roll.

The preparation process of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the steps that the cleaning assembly comprises a fixing plate, a first motor and a second motor, the side end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with the side surface of the telescopic rod, the first motor is fixedly connected with the middle part of the fixed plate, the second motor is fixedly connected with the lower part of the fixed plate, the second motor is positioned under the first motor, the surfaces of the output shafts of the first motor and the second motor are fixedly connected with a fixed disc, the side wall of the fixed disk on the surface of the output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a plurality of steel wires along the circumferential direction, one end of each steel wire far away from the circle center of the fixed disk is fixedly connected with a balancing weight, the side wall of the fixed disk on the surface of the output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected with brush hair along the circumferential direction, the side surface of the fixed disk is provided with a protective cover, the first motor rotates in a counterclockwise direction and the second motor rotates in a clockwise direction.

Above-mentioned saline-alkali soil amendment's preparation technology, the equal fixedly connected with nut of lateral wall of two relative expansion ends of telescopic link, two the internal thread of nut revolves to opposite, two nut internal thread connects with same two-way screw rod.

The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the invention can finely crush the straws through the straw pretreatment device, thereby facilitating composting, improving the composting efficiency and accelerating the decomposition of the straws, under the action of the longitudinal splitter group, because the cam cutter disc is in a cam shape, when the cam cutter disc rotates, the depth of the cam cutter disc cutting into the straw can be gradually deepened, the straw is longitudinally split, the strength of the straw is reduced, the subsequent thinning degree is directly improved, the traditional parallel blades split the straw, the parallel blades are fixed on a rotating shaft, when the blades contact with the straws, the resistance on the blades is instantaneously increased by a plurality of times from zero, particularly for harder straws, after the blades are used for a long time, the blades are easy to deform and wear, and the cam cutterhead is in a cam disc-shaped structure, the strength is higher, the cutting depth is gradually and slowly deepened, and the harder straws can be smoothly split; the longitudinal thinning assembly can further thin the split straws, the cutter can further thin the split straws, and the protruding part of the cam roller can roll the thinned straws to promote the fibers of the straws to be dispersed and further thinned; the cutting and crushing assembly can cut the thinned long straw fibers, the length of the straw fibers is shortened, and the straw decomposition speed is increased.

2. According to the invention, by arranging the turning device, when composting is carried out on straw powder and other materials, the materials can be conveniently turned, the turning device can be adjusted to the required angle and height according to the requirement, the turning of the material piles with different heights is facilitated, the applicability is improved, and the cleaning assembly can clean the chain plate, so that the turning efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a front cross-sectional structure of a straw pretreatment device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 1 at A according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a longitudinal cleaver set according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the longitudinal attenuation module of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the turning device of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of FIG. 5B of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic side sectional view of an adjustable brace assembly of the present invention;

the reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-a straw pretreatment device; 101-a housing; 102-vertical slots; 103-a first press roll; 104-a fixed frame; 105-a spring telescopic rod; 106-a second press roll; 107-a feed hopper; 108-a discharge hole; 2-longitudinal splitting knife group; 201-a first shaft; 202-cam disc cutter; 3-longitudinal thinning components; 301-cam roller; 302-a cutter; 4-cutting the shredding assembly; 401-a second spindle; 402-a tool holder; 403-a blade; 404-a crushing plate; 405-a flexible support bar; 406-teeth; 407-a bump; 5-a pile turning device; 501-a support frame; 502-a roller; 503-a holder; 504-an adjustable support bar assembly; 505-a telescoping rod; 506-a nut; 507-bidirectional screw; 508-link plate; 509-a scraper; 510-supporting rolls; 511-a first connection plate; 512-a second connecting plate; 513-a sector fixing plate; 514-fixing bolts; 515-a fixing plate; 516-a first motor; 517-a second motor; 518-fixed disks; 519-a balancing weight; 520-bristles; 521-protective covers.

Detailed Description

A preparation process of a saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

step A: the straw is pretreated by a straw pretreatment device (1);

and B: sterilizing and killing insects on the pretreated straws;

and C: mixing the sterilized and insecticidal straws with a soil structure improver and an organic alkali-reducing raw material, and performing composting treatment;

step D: and turning the compost materials by using a turning device (5).

As shown in fig. 1-2, the straw pretreatment device 1 includes a housing 101, the lower section of the housing 101 is cylindrical, a first compression roller 103 is disposed on one side of the top of the housing 101, a fixed frame 104 is disposed on the other side of the top of the housing 101, a spring expansion rod 105 is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed frame 104, a second compression roller 106 is disposed at the other end of the spring expansion rod 105, the first compression roller 103 and the second compression roller 106 are parallel to each other, and the straw can be finely crushed by the straw pretreatment device 1, so that composting is facilitated, the composting efficiency is improved, and decomposition of the straw can be accelerated, a plurality of vertical grooves 102 which are parallel to each other are disposed on the inner side wall of the housing 101, a feed hopper 107 is communicated with the top of the housing 101, a discharge port 108 is disposed on the lower portion of one side of the housing 101, and a longitudinal splitting knife group 2 is sequentially disposed from top to bottom inside the housing 101, Vertically refine subassembly 3 and cut off crushing unit 4, it includes second pivot 401 to cut off crushing unit 4, the lateral wall of second pivot 401 evenly is provided with a plurality of knife rests 402 along its circumference, the top fixedly connected with blade 403 of knife rest 402, the cutting edge portion of blade 403 is parallel with the axis of second pivot 401, the side of knife rest 402 articulates there is crushing board 404, one side that is close to casing 101 of crushing board 404 is provided with tooth 406, the orientation of crushing board 404 is opposite with the direction of motion of second pivot 401, the middle part of crushing board 404 articulates flexible bracing piece 405, the other end of flexible bracing piece 405 is articulated with the side of knife rest 402, it sets up in casing 101 lower part is cylindric part to cut off crushing unit 4, just the axis of second pivot 401 is cylindric partial axis coincidence with casing 101, casing 101 is cylindric partial inner wall is provided with lug 407, the discharge port 108 is provided along a tangent line of the cylindrical portion of the housing 101.

As shown in fig. 3, the longitudinal splitting cutter group 2 includes a first rotating shaft 201 and a plurality of cam disc cutters 202, the plurality of cam disc cutters 202 are all coaxially welded on the surface of the first rotating shaft 201, and the plurality of cam disc cutters 202 are parallel to each other, the cam disc cutters 202 are cam-shaped, a cutting edge is formed at the edge of the side wall of the cam disc cutters 202, the cutting edge of the protruding portion of the cam disc cutters 202 is respectively inserted into the vertical groove 102, under the action of the longitudinal splitting cutter group 2, because the cam disc is cam-shaped, when the cam disc rotates, the depth of the cam disc cutting into the straw can be gradually deepened, the straw is longitudinally split, the strength of the straw is reduced, the subsequent thinning degree is directly improved, the traditional plurality of parallel blades 403 split the straw, the plurality of parallel blades 403 are fixed on the rotating shaft, when contacting the straw, the resistance of the blades 403 is instantaneously increased by several times from zero, especially, after the hard straws are used for a long time, the blades 403 are easy to deform and wear, the cam cutterhead is of a cam disc-shaped structure, the strength is higher, the cutting depth is gradually and slowly deepened, and the hard straws can be smoothly split.

As shown in fig. 4, the longitudinal thinning assembly 3 comprises a cam roller 301 and cutters 302, the cross section of the cam roller 301 is in a cam shape, three same protrusions are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the cam roller 301, the middle of the surface of the joint of any two protrusions is provided with a plurality of cutters 302, the cutters 302 are in a fish fin shape, the distance between the highest point of the side surface of each cutter 302 and the center of the cam roller 301 is equal to the distance between the highest point of the protrusion of the cam roller 301 and the center of the circle of the protrusion of the cam roller, the power input ends of the longitudinal splitting cutter group 2, the longitudinal thinning assembly 3 and the cutting and crushing assembly 4 are in transmission connection with motors, the longitudinal splitting cutter group 2, the longitudinal thinning assembly 3 and the cutting and crushing assembly 4 all rotate counterclockwise, the longitudinal thinning assembly 3 can further thin the split straw, the cutters 302 can further thin the split straw, the protrusion of the cam roller 301 can roll the thinned straw, promoting the fiber dispersion and further refining; the cutting and crushing component 4 can cut the thinned long straw fiber, shorten the length of the straw fiber and improve the straw decomposition speed.

As shown in fig. 5, the pile turning device 5 includes a support frame 501 and a fixing frame 503, rollers 502 are disposed around the support frame 501, the fixing frame 503 is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame 501, an adjustable support rod assembly 504 is hinged to the top of the support frame 501, a telescopic rod 505 is hinged to the top of the adjustable support rod assembly 504, a cleaning device is disposed on the side of the telescopic rod 505, support rollers 510 are rotatably connected to the side of the adjustable support rod assembly 504, the side of the fixing frame 503 and the side of the telescopic rod 505, a plurality of support rollers 510 are connected to a chain plate 508 in a surface transmission manner, a scraper 509 is disposed on the outer surface of the chain plate 508, a motor is connected to the power input end of one support roller 510 in a transmission manner, nuts 506 are fixedly connected to the side walls of two opposite movable ends of the telescopic rod 505, and the internal threads of the two nuts 506 are opposite in rotation directions, two nut 506 female connection has same two-way screw 507, through setting up turning device 5, can be when straw powder carries out the compost with other materials, convenient turning device 5 can adjust to required angle, height as required to the material, is convenient for turn the heap to the material heap of co-altitude, improves the suitability, and clears up the subassembly and can clear up link joint 508 to improve and turn over heap efficiency.

As shown in fig. 6, the cleaning assembly includes a fixing plate 515, a first motor 516, and a second motor 517, a side end of the fixing plate 515 is fixedly connected to a side surface of the telescopic rod 505, the first motor 516 is fixedly connected to a middle portion of the fixing plate 515, the second motor 517 is fixedly connected to a lower portion of the fixing plate 515, the second motor 517 is located right below the first motor 516, output shaft surfaces of the first motor 516 and the second motor 517 are both fixedly connected with a fixing plate 518, a side wall of the fixing plate 518 on the output shaft surface of the first motor 516 is fixedly connected with a plurality of steel wires along a circumferential direction thereof, one end of the steel wire far from a center of the fixing plate 518 is fixedly connected with a counterweight 519, a side wall of the fixing plate 518 on the output shaft surface of the second motor 517 is fixedly connected with bristles 520 along the circumferential direction thereof, a side surface of the fixing plate 515 is provided with a protective cover 521, the first motor 516 rotates in a counterclockwise direction, the second motor 517 rotates in a clockwise direction.

As shown in fig. 7, the support rod adjusting assembly includes two first connecting plates 511 and a second connecting plate 512, two ends of the second connecting plate 512 are respectively hinged to first ends of the two first connecting plates 511, a second end of one of the first connecting plates 511 is hinged to an upper portion of a fixing frame 503, a second end of the other second connecting plate is hinged to one end of a telescopic rod 505, two ends of the connecting rod are respectively welded with a sector fixing plate 513, the sector fixing plates 513 at two ends of the first connecting plate 511 are arranged in mirror symmetry, a circle center of the sector fixing plate 513 coincides with a circle center of a hinged point at an end of the connecting rod, fixing holes are uniformly arranged on a surface of the sector fixing plate 513 along a circumferential direction, threaded holes are arranged at positions of the second connecting plate 512, the fixing frame 503 and the telescopic rod 505 corresponding to the fixing holes on the surface of the sector fixing plate 513, and fixing bolts 514 are inserted into the fixing holes on the surface of the sector fixing plate 513, the other end of the fixing bolt 514 is screwed in the corresponding threaded hole, and the hinge points at the two ends of the second connecting plate 512 are coaxially and rotatably connected with the supporting roller 510.

The working process is as follows: when the straw chopping machine is used, firstly, straws are placed into a feed hopper 107 of a straw pretreatment device 1, the straws move downwards after passing through a first compression roller 103 and a second compression roller 106, a longitudinal chopper group 2 continuously rotates to longitudinally split the straws to be primarily refined, the refined straws move downwards, a longitudinal refining component 3 rotates, the refined straws are secondarily split and refined by a blade 403, meanwhile, the secondarily refined straws are rolled by a protruding part of a cam roller 301 to be loosened, finally, the straws are cut off by a rotating cutting and crushing component 4, and a crushing plate 404 enables teeth 406 to be close to the inner wall of a cylindrical shell 101 under the combined action of a rotating centrifugal force and an elastic support rod 405 to rub the straws to promote the fibers to be dispersed;

after the straw pretreatment is finished, the crushed straw is mixed with soil structure improving agents and organic alkali-reducing raw materials, composting is carried out, then the compost materials are turned by using a turning device 5, a support roller 510 drives a chain plate 508 to rotate under the driving of a motor to push the turning device 5 to be attached to the materials to be turned, the materials are driven to move upwards under the mutual matching of the chain plate 508 and a scraper 509, the materials fall down at the tail end of the chain plate 508 to finish turning, the turning device 5 can be adjusted to a corresponding angle and height as required, when a certain angle is required to be adjusted, a fixing bolt 514 on a corresponding fan-shaped fixing plate 513 is screwed down to adjust the angle of a first connecting plate 511 or a second connecting plate 512 to the required angle, then the fixing bolt 514 is inserted into a fixing hole of the fan-shaped fixing plate 513 again and screwed into a corresponding threaded hole, and then a bidirectional screw 507 is rotated, the length of the telescopic rod 505 is adjusted, and the chain plate 508 is tensioned, so that the adjustment is completed.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The preparation process of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step A: the straw is pretreated by a straw pretreatment device (1);

and B: sterilizing and killing insects on the pretreated straws;

and C: mixing the sterilized and insecticidal straws with a soil structure improver and an organic alkali-reducing raw material, and performing composting treatment;

step D: turning the compost materials by using a turning device (5);

the straw pretreatment device (1) comprises a shell (101), the lower section profile of the shell (101) is cylindrical, a first compression roller (103) is arranged on one side of the top of the shell (101), a fixed frame (104) is arranged on the other side of the top of the shell (101), a spring telescopic rod (105) is fixedly connected in the fixed frame (104), a second compression roller (106) is arranged at the other end of the spring telescopic rod (105), the first compression roller (103) and the second compression roller (106) are parallel to each other, a plurality of vertical grooves (102) which are parallel to each other are formed in the inner side wall of the shell (101), a feed hopper (107) is communicated with the top of the shell (101), a discharge port (108) is formed in the lower part of one side of the shell (101), a longitudinal splitting knife group (2), a longitudinal thinning assembly (3) and a cutting and crushing assembly (4) are sequentially arranged in the shell (101) from top to bottom, the power input ends of the longitudinal riving knife group (2), the longitudinal thinning component (3) and the cutting and crushing component (4) are in transmission connection with motors, and the longitudinal riving knife group (2), the longitudinal thinning component (3) and the cutting and crushing component (4) rotate anticlockwise;

the longitudinal splitting knife group (2) comprises a first rotating shaft (201) and a plurality of cam disc knives (202), the cam disc knives (202) are coaxially welded on the surface of the first rotating shaft (201), the cam disc knives (202) are parallel to each other, the cam disc knives (202) are in a cam shape, edges of the side walls of the cam disc knives (202) are provided with cutting edges, and the cutting edges of the protruding parts of the cam disc knives (202) are respectively inserted into the vertical grooves (102);

the longitudinal thinning assembly (3) comprises a cam roller (301) and cutters (302), the cross section of the cam roller (301) is in a cam shape, three same protrusions are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the cam roller (301), the middle of the surface of the joint of any two protrusions is provided with the cutters (302), the cutters (302) are in a fish fin shape, and the distance between the highest point of the side surface of each cutter (302) and the circle center of the cam roller (301) is equal to the distance between the highest point of the protruding part of the cam roller (301) and the circle center of the protruding part of the cam roller (301);

the utility model discloses a crushing assembly, including cutting off crushing unit (4) and including second pivot (401), the lateral wall of second pivot (401) evenly is provided with a plurality of knife rest (402) along its circumference, the top fixedly connected with blade (403) of knife rest (402), the cutting edge portion of blade (403) is parallel with the axis of second pivot (401), the side of knife rest (402) articulates there is crushing board (404), one side that is close to casing (101) of crushing board (404) is provided with tooth (406), the orientation of crushing board (404) is opposite with the direction of motion of second pivot (401), the middle part of crushing board (404) articulates elastic support rod (405), the other end of elastic support rod (405) is articulated with the side of knife rest (402), cut off crushing unit (4) and set up in casing (101) lower part is cylindric part, just the axis of second pivot (401) is the axis coincidence of cylindric part with casing (101), the inner wall of the cylindrical part of the shell (101) is provided with a convex block (407), and the discharge hole (108) is arranged along the tangent of the cylindrical part of the shell (101);

the pile turning device (5) comprises a support frame (501) and a fixed frame (503), the periphery of the supporting frame (501) is provided with rollers (502), the fixed frame (503) is fixedly connected with the top of the supporting frame (501), the top of the supporting frame (501) is hinged with an adjustable supporting rod component (504), the top of the adjustable supporting rod component (504) is hinged with a telescopic rod (505), a cleaning component is arranged on the side surface of the telescopic rod (505), supporting rollers (510) are rotatably connected on the side surface of the adjustable supporting rod component (504), the side surface of the fixed frame (503) and the side surface of the telescopic rod (505), a chain plate (508) is connected on the surfaces of the supporting rollers (510) in a transmission way, a scraping plate (509) is arranged on the outer surface of the chain plate (508), and the power input end of one supporting roller (510) is in transmission connection with a motor;

the adjustable supporting rod assembly comprises two first connecting plates (511) and a second connecting plate (512), two ends of the second connecting plate (512) are hinged to first ends of the two first connecting plates (511) respectively, a second end of one first connecting plate (511) is hinged to the upper portion of a fixing frame (503), a second end of the other first connecting plate (511) is hinged to one end of a telescopic rod (505), fan-shaped fixing plates (513) are welded to two ends of the first connecting plate respectively, the fan-shaped fixing plates (513) at two ends of the first connecting plate (511) are arranged in mirror symmetry, the circle centers of the fan-shaped fixing plates (513) are overlapped with the circle centers of hinged joints of the end portions of the first connecting plates, fixing holes are uniformly formed in the surface of each fan-shaped fixing plate (513) along the circumferential direction of the surface, and threaded holes are formed in positions, corresponding to the fixing holes in the surfaces of the second connecting plate (512), the fixing frame (503) and the telescopic rod (505), and the fan-shaped fixing plates (513), a fixing bolt (514) penetrates through a fixing hole of a fixing hole on the surface of the fan-shaped fixing plate (513), the other end of the fixing bolt (514) is in threaded connection with a corresponding threaded hole, and the positions of hinged points at two ends of the second connecting plate (512) are coaxially and rotatably connected with a supporting roller (510);

the cleaning assembly comprises a fixing plate (515), a first motor (516) and a second motor (517), the side end of the fixing plate (515) is fixedly connected to the side surface of the telescopic rod (505), the first motor (516) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the fixing plate (515), the second motor (517) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the fixing plate (515), the second motor (517) is located under the first motor (516), the output shaft surfaces of the first motor (516) and the second motor (517) are fixedly connected with a fixing plate (518), the side wall of the fixing plate (518) on the output shaft surface of the first motor (516) is fixedly connected with a plurality of steel wires along the circumferential direction thereof, one end of the steel wire far away from the center of the fixing plate (518) is fixedly connected with a balancing weight (519), the side wall of the fixing plate (518) on the output shaft surface of the second motor (517) is fixedly connected with bristles (520) along the circumferential direction thereof, the side of fixed plate (515) is provided with protection casing (521), first motor (516) rotate along counter-clockwise, second motor (517) rotate along clockwise.

2. The saline-alkali soil amendment preparation process according to claim 1, wherein nuts (506) are fixedly connected to the side walls of the two opposite movable ends of the telescopic rod (505), the internal threads of the two nuts (506) are opposite in rotation direction, and the two nuts (506) are internally threaded with the same bidirectional screw (507).

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