CN113101935A - 一种添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化水煤气变换反应中的应用 - Google Patents

一种添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化水煤气变换反应中的应用 Download PDF

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CN113101935A
CN113101935A CN202110316369.3A CN202110316369A CN113101935A CN 113101935 A CN113101935 A CN 113101935A CN 202110316369 A CN202110316369 A CN 202110316369A CN 113101935 A CN113101935 A CN 113101935A
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李志远
李娜
王楠
余俊
杨宇森
卫敏
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State Grid Comprehensive Energy Service Group Co ltd
Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化水煤气变换反应中的应用。所述制备方法首先利用尿素法合成镍钛水滑石;然后采用湿法浸渍将镍钛水滑石和金属钠盐溶液充分混合,离心后得到的沉淀经过原位焙烧还原制备得到添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂。本发明通过镍钛水滑石前体得到的负载型镍基催化剂具有比表面积大、活性组分高分散、选择性高、热稳定性高以及循环稳定性强、廉价、无毒等特点,在催化水煤气变换的反应中有着十分明显的性能优势,提升了该反应的活性和稳定性,且催化剂的可循环性十分优异,具有很高的工业应用价值。

Description

一种添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化水 煤气变换反应中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备技术领域,特别涉及一种添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化水煤气变换反应中的应用。
背景技术
水煤气变换反应于1888年被首次报道,距今已有100多年的工业化历史,其被应用于工业制氢,合成氨,合成甲醇以及费托合成等重要的化工反应过程中。近年来,随着燃料电池的蓬勃发展,水煤气变换反应作为一种重要的氢纯化及一氧化碳深度去除技术引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。
水煤气变换反应是一个可逆的放热反应,一氧化碳的转化在高温下受到热力学限制,在低温下受到动力学限制。因此,传统的水煤气变换反应催化工艺中,通常采用两个绝热的转化阶段即高温段和低温段进行串联,使得最后得到的气体中一氧化碳的含量降低到0.2-0.4%。高温段(350-450℃)所使用的催化剂是铁铬系高温变换催化剂,低温段(190-250℃)所使用的是铜锌系低温变换催化剂。
近年来,燃料电池的快速发展对水煤气变换反应催化剂的性能提出了新的要求(一氧化碳浓度降低到50ppm以下),然而,到目前为止还没有能够满足燃料电池要求的水煤气变换反应催化剂。因此,开发活性高、稳定性好、价格低廉的新型水煤气变换反应催化剂是该领域研究的重点和难点。
水滑石作为一类具有典型层状结构的阴离子型超分子复合材料,是近年来发展起来的一类具有巨大发展前景和应用潜力的新型材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化水煤气变换反应中的应用。所制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂具有独特的表面结构优势,对于水煤气变换反应表现出优异的催化性能。该制备方法绿色经济,简单可行,能耗低,且得到的负载型催化剂组分均一,具有很高的实际应用价值。
本发明所述的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法为:首先利用尿素法合成镍钛水滑石;然后采用湿法浸渍将镍钛水滑石和金属钠盐溶液充分混合,离心后得到的沉淀经过原位焙烧还原制备得到添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂。
所述的尿素法合成镍钛水滑石的具体步骤为:将硝酸镍、四氯化钛和尿素溶解在50-200mL去离子水中得到透明的溶液,其中硝酸镍、四氯化钛和尿素的浓度分别是0.02-0.2M,0.01-0.1M和0.1-1.0M;然后将得到的溶液转移到聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,在80-120℃下密封反应24-48小时,最后将得到的沉淀物用去离子水洗至中性,取出离心,放入60-100℃的烘箱干燥。
所述的金属钠盐选自硝酸钠、碳酸钠、硫酸钠、氯化钠中的一种或几种。
所述的原位焙烧还原的条件为:在氢气气流中以2-5℃/min的升温速率升到350-550℃,保温2-6个小时后,在氮气气流中降温至室温,密封保存。
将上述制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂应用于催化水煤气变换反应。催化反应完成后,将催化剂分离后经干燥处理继续进行循环使用。
本发明通过水滑石外源法制备得到钠掺杂的负载型镍基金属催化剂,其在还原过程中将镍钛水滑石和金属钠盐的混合物转变成负载型镍基金属催化剂,金属钠的引入,对镍基负载型金属催化剂表面进行了改性,增强了金属与载体之间的相互作用,提升了协同催化体系的反应性能。通过镍钛水滑石前体得到的负载型镍基催化剂具有比表面积大、活性组分高分散、选择性高、热稳定性高以及循环稳定性强、廉价、无毒等特点,在催化水煤气变换的反应中有着十分明显的性能优势,提升了该反应的活性和稳定性,且催化剂的可循环性十分优异,具有很高的工业应用价值。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中制备的镍钛水滑石的XRD图。
图2是实施例1中制备的镍钛水滑石的SEM图。
图3是实施例1中制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的XRD图。
图4是实施例1中制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的SEM图。
图5是实施例1中制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的TEM图。
图6是实施例2中制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的CO转化率随温度变化的性能图。
图7是实施例2中制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的稳定性测试图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
室温条件下,称取2.91g硝酸镍、1.56g四氯化钛以及2.25g尿素,溶入200mL去离子水中形成透明溶液;将溶液倒入200mL聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,置于120℃烘箱中反应24小时后取出,将沉淀物用去离子水洗至中性,取出离心,将得到的材料放入60℃的烘箱过夜干燥,将固体物质研磨后得到镍钛水滑石;
将0.50g的镍钛水滑石与0.06g硝酸钠在50mL去离子水中充分混合,离心得到沉淀物,经烘干得到固体混合物;
将全部固体混合物置于气氛炉中进行原位焙烧还原,在氢气气流中以2℃/min的升温速率升到500℃,保持4小时后,在氮气气流中降温至室温,密封保存,即得到添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂。
实施例2
室温条件下,称取1.45g硝酸镍、0.76g四氯化钛以及1.12g尿素,溶入100mL去离子水中形成透明溶液;将溶液倒入100mL聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,置于120℃烘箱中反应48小时后取出,将沉淀物用去离子水洗至中性,取出离心,将得到的材料放入60℃的烘箱过夜干燥,将固体物质研磨后得到镍钛水滑石;
将0.50g的镍钛水滑石与0.09g硝酸钠在50mL去离子水中充分混合,离心、经烘干后得到固体混合物;
将全部固体混合物置于气氛炉中进行原位焙烧还原,在氢气气流中以5℃/min的升温速率升到450℃,保持6小时后,在氮气气流中降温至室温,密封保存,即得到添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂。
将上述制备的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂进行催化水煤气转换反应的活性测试,催化反应条件为:温度范围:300-450℃;反应气氛体积百分比:CO:6%,H2O:25%,Ar:69%;反应气流量:110mL/min,空速:14850mL gcat–1h–1。测试结果:催化剂在较低温度下具有优异的水煤气变换反应催化活性,250℃时CO转化率达到41.3%,在300℃时接近完全转化,并且,对于CO2有着良好的选择性,优于文献报道的镍基催化剂;在300℃下进行水煤气转换反应的稳定性评价,发现在60小时的性能测试中,CO的转化率仅从97%下降到92%,催化剂显示出良好的稳定性。

Claims (5)

1.一种添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法的步骤为:首先利用尿素法合成镍钛水滑石;然后采用湿法浸渍将镍钛水滑石和金属钠盐溶液充分混合,离心后得到的沉淀经过原位焙烧还原制备得到添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的尿素法合成镍钛水滑石的具体步骤为:将硝酸镍、四氯化钛和尿素溶解在50-200mL去离子水中得到透明的溶液,其中硝酸镍、四氯化钛和尿素的浓度分别是0.02-0.2M,0.01-0.1M和0.1-1.0M;然后将得到的溶液转移到聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,在80-120℃下密封反应24-48小时,最后将得到的沉淀物用去离子水洗至中性,取出离心,放入60-100℃的烘箱干燥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的金属钠盐选自硝酸钠、碳酸钠、硫酸钠、氯化钠中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的原位焙烧还原的条件为:在氢气气流中以2-5℃/min的升温速率升到350-550℃,保温2-6个小时后,在氮气气流中降温至室温,密封保存。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法制备得到的添加金属钠改性的镍基催化剂在催化水煤气变换反应中的应用,其特征在于,催化反应完成后,将催化剂分离后经干燥处理继续进行循环使用。
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