CN113100367A - 一种基于中药的保健饮品及其制作方式 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种基于中药的保健饮品及其制作方式，按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：中药提取成分12‑16％、膳食纤维4‑8％、甜味剂0.2‑0.5％、增溶剂0.10‑0.25％、稳定剂0.15‑0.3％，余量为蒸馏水；其中，所述的中药提取成分包括：黄芪、绞股蓝、乌梅、山药、金银花、芦根、白芷、小茴香、牡蛎、丁香、黄精、鸡内金、栀子、苦丁茶、郁李仁、余甘子、枳椇子、决明子；本发明提供的本草饮料，原料来源丰富，工艺简单，易于操作，成本低，采用药食同源的黄芪、绞股蓝、山药、金银花和芦根等成分，采用黄芪为君药，遣方采用绞股蓝、山药、金银花和芦根等成分，改善胃肠推进功能，在众多成分的协同作用下实现抗疲解虚、强体补气、补肺防癌、增强免疫力之功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健饮料制备技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于中药的保健饮品及其制作方式。
背景技术
随着中国消费者健康意识的不断增强，中国人对养生的需求也逐渐提高，同样，近年来在生活节奏加快、工作和生活压力增加等多种因素的作用下，睡眠缺乏以及不平衡的膳食，是物质代谢处于不协调的内环境下，较多年轻人也常常处于亚健康状态，免疫力下降，免疫力是人体自身的防御机制，是人体识别和消灭外来侵入的任何异物(病毒、细菌等)、处理衰老、损伤、死亡、变性的自身细胞以及识别和处理体内突变细胞和病毒感染细胞的能力，免疫力下降危害自身健康，一般会造成体质虚弱、营养不良、精神萎靡、疲乏无力，食欲下降、睡眠障碍，更甚者使人体易于被感染或患癌症；
人体的免疫力大多取决于遗传基因，但是环境的影响也很大，如饮食、睡眠、运动、压力等；近年来，非碳酸饮料、尤其是以药食同源植物为原料的植物饮料受到消费者的青睐，但目前市面上的植物饮料含糖量较高或入口较苦，导致口感较差，而且有益成分不明确，对于提高抵抗力效果不明显，价格还较为昂贵，因此开发一种安全、可长期服用的具有提高抵抗力的本草饮料成为本领域研究人员的研究热点，具有极大的研发意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷，提供了一种基于中药的保健饮品，按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：中药提取成分12-16％、膳食纤维4-8％、甜味剂0.2-0.5％、增溶剂0.10-0.25％、稳定剂0.15-0.3％，余量为蒸馏水；
其中，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪12-16份、绞股蓝6-10份、乌梅4-6份、山药4-6份、金银花3-5份、芦根2-4份、白芷2-4份、小茴香1-3份、牡蛎1-2份、丁香1-2份、黄精1-2份、鸡内金1-2份、栀子1-2份、苦丁茶0.5-1.5份、郁李仁0.5-1.5份、余甘子0.5-1份、枳椇子0.5-1份、决明子0.5-1份。
优选地，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪14-16份、绞股蓝6-8份、乌梅5-6份、山药4-5份、金银花3-4份、芦根3-4份、白芷3-4份、小茴香1-2份、牡蛎1-1.5份、丁香1.5-2份、黄精1.5-2份、鸡内金1.5-2份、栀子1-1.5份、苦丁茶0.5-1份、郁李仁0.5-1份、余甘子0.5-0.8份、枳椇子0.5-0.8份、决明子0.5-0.6份。
本发明基于传统医学理论，筛选出天然植物和药物，按照中医理论配方制成；
黄芪：又称为小人参，为多年生草本，味甘，性微温；归脾、肺经，功能主治：补中益气，利尿托毒，排脓，敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力，食少便溏，中气下陷，久泻脱肛，便血崩漏，表虚自汗，气虚水肿，痈疽难溃，久溃不敛，血虚痿黄，内热消渴；慢性肾炎蛋白尿，糖尿病。黄芪味甘，气微温，气薄而味浓，可升可降，阳中之阳也，无毒。专补气，入手太阴、足太阴、手少阴之经，其功用甚多，而其独效者，尤在补血。
绞股蓝：为葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)绞股蓝属的多年生草质藤本宿根植物，性寒、味苦，味甘、苦，归脾、肺经，绞股蓝味甘入脾经，能益气健脾，适用于脾胃气虚，体倦乏力，纳食不佳者，绞股蓝入肺经，能益肺气，清肺热，兼有化痰止咳之功；绞股蓝还略有清热解毒作用，可用于肿瘤而有热毒之症。
乌梅：蔷薇科落叶乔木植物梅的近成熟果实，味酸、涩，性平，归肝、脾、肺、大肠经，乌梅功效：一是敛肺止咳，用于治疗肺虚久咳。二是涩肠止泻，用于久泻久痢。三是生津止渴，用于虚热消渴。四是和胃安蛔。用于蛔虫所致的腹痛、呕吐等证。每日用量6-12g，煎服。内服止泻、止血宜炒炭用，其余皆宜生用；乌梅除作药物使用外，还可制作饮料、果脯等食品，例如夏日饮用以乌梅为主制成的酸梅汤，有生津止渴，帮助脾胃消化的作用。
山药：健脾，补肺，固肾，益精。山药作为高营养食品含有大量蛋白质、糖类、B族维生素、维生素C、维生素E、葡萄糖、粗蛋白氨基酸、胆汁碱、尿囊素、及碘、钙、铁、磷等人体不可缺少的无机盐和微量元素等营养成分。现代科学分析，山药的最大特点是含有大量的黏蛋白。黏蛋白是一种多糖蛋白质的混合物，对人体具有特殊的保健作用，能防止脂肪沉积在心血管上，保持血管弹性，阻止动脉粥样硬化过早发生；可减少皮下脂肪堆积；能防止结缔组织的萎缩，预防类风湿关节炎、硬皮病等胶原病的发生。
金银花：植物金银花又名忍冬，为忍冬科多年生半常绿缠绕木质藤本植物。“金银花”一名出自《本草纲目》，由于忍冬花初开为白色，后转为黄色，因此得名金银花，具有清热解毒，消炎退肿之功效，主治外感风热或温病发热，中暑，热毒血痢，痈肿疔疮，喉痹，多种感染性疾病。
芦根：禾本科植物芦苇Phragmites communis Trin.的根茎，甘、寒，归肺、胃经；芦根具有清热泻火、生津止渴、除烦止呕和利尿的功效；
白芷：性味：性温，味辛，气芳香，微苦；清透肺胃、气分湿热、养阴生津，同时对痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等有抑制作用。又能抑制革兰氏阳性菌，且对人形结核杆菌有显著的抑制作用。
小茴香：为伞形科植物茴香Foeniculum vuLgare Mill.的干燥成熟果实，味辛、甘、温，能刺激胃肠神经血管，促进唾液和胃液分泌，起到增进食欲，帮助消化的作用。小茴香味辛性温，在医学上有温肝肾、暖胃、散寒止痛等功效。
牡蛎：咸、涩，微寒。归肝、肾经。用于治阴虚阳亢之潮热盗汗、头痛眩晕、烦躁失眠等症，可以通过增强免疫而抑制肿瘤生长。
丁香：味辛、性温，具有温中降逆、补肾助阳的作用，对于致病性真菌及葡萄球菌、痢疾和大肠杆菌等有抑制作用。
黄精：具有补气养阴，健脾，润肺益肾。药理作用：(1)抗病原微生物作用，体外试验表明，黄精水提出液(1:320)对伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、抗酸杆菌有抑制作用，2％黄精在沙氏培养基内对常见致病真菌有不同程度的抑制作用；(2)对血糖的影响，黄精浸膏对肾上腺素引起的血糖过高呈显着抑制作用。(3)抗疲劳作用。(4)抗氧化作用：黄精煎液使心肌脂褐质含量降低。(5)延缓衰老作用；(6)止血作用；(7)心血管作用，对心肌缺血有对抗作用；(8)抗病毒作用，单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎均有治疗作用。
鸡内金：性甘，平，归脾、胃、小肠、膀胱经，健胃消食，涩精止遗，通淋化石。
栀子：性寒，味苦。归心经、肺经、三焦经；功效：保护消化系统；泻下；降温；增加细胞中DNA和蛋白质合成；抗菌；抗炎；能增强胆汁的分泌而具有利胆、抑制血中胆红素形成的作用；能抑制中枢神经系统而具镇静、降压、抗惊厥、镇痛的作用；体外实验对多种致病菌有抑制作用。
丁香：丁香味辛、性温，入胃、脾、肾经；有温中降逆、行气止痛、醒神开窍、辟秽杀虫、温肾壮阳之功效。
苦丁茶：味甘、苦，性寒，归肝、肺、胃经；主治风热头痛；齿痛；目赤；聤耳；口疮；热病烦渴；泄泻；痢疾。
郁李仁：味辛、苦、甘，性平；归脾、大肠、小肠经。具有润燥滑肠，下气，利水的功效。用于津枯肠燥，食积气滞，腹胀便秘，水肿，脚气，小便不利。
余甘子：味甘、微涩，凉，归肺经、胃经；清热凉血，消食健胃，生津止咳，主治血热血瘀，消化不良.腹胀，咳嗽，喉痛，口干。
枳椇子：味酸、甘，性平，归心、肺、脾经；主含黑麦草碱等生物碱及皂苷、黄酮类、没食子儿茶素、葡萄糖、苹果酸钙等成分。具有中枢抑制、降压、保肝、解酒毒、抗肿瘤等作用；主治酒醉，烦热，口渴，呕吐，二便不利等症。
决明子：味苦、甘、咸，性微寒，入肝、肾、大肠经；决明子还含有多种维生素和丰富的氨基酸、碳水化合物等，以种子供药用，具有清肝明目、润肠通便、降脂瘦身、抗菌消炎的功能，而且具有治疗便秘及高血脂、高血压的功效；现代药理研究表明决明子有以下作用：具有抗菌、预防动脉粥样硬化、抗血小板凝集的作用；抑制细胞免疫功能，对体液免疫功能无影响，可增强巨噬细胞吞服噬功能；保肝；泻下；促进胃液分泌；抑制15-羟基前列腺素脱氢酶的作用；毒性：致癌及有生殖毒性。其水浸液有降压、利尿作用，并有缓泻、收缩子宫作用；其醇浸出液对葡萄球菌及白喉、巨大芽孢、伤寒、副伤寒、乙型副伤寒、大肠等杆菌均有抑制作用；其水浸剂对多种致病性皮肤真菌均有抑制作用，并有降血脂的作用。
进一步地，本发明提供了上述保健饮品的制作方式，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)按配方量称取黄芪、绞股蓝、乌梅、山药、金银花、芦根、白芷、小茴香、牡蛎、丁香、黄精、鸡内金、栀子、苦丁茶、郁李仁、余甘子、枳椇子、决明子，然后进行超微粉碎并过筛；
(2)在步骤(1)中得到的混合药粉中加入温水，并加入纤维素酶进行酶解40-60min，得到酶解混合液；
(3)按重量百分比计，在步骤(3)得到的酶解混合液分批次加入蒸馏水，进行煎煮，煎煮3-4次，每次煎煮时间40-70min，将每次煎煮液合并，将合并煎煮液过滤后浓缩，得浓缩液；
(4)在浓缩液中加入膳食纤维、甜味剂、增溶剂和稳定剂，调酸定容，采用超高温瞬时杀菌技术杀菌，冷却后灌装即得。
优选地，步骤(2)中酶解温度为40-50℃。
优选地，步骤(3)中煎煮过程进行的同时辅以超声波，超声波功率为150-200W。
有益效果：
本发明提供的本草饮料，原料来源丰富，工艺简单，易于操作，成本低，采用药食同源的黄芪、绞股蓝、山药、金银花和芦根等成分，采用黄芪为君药，遣方采用绞股蓝、山药、金银花和芦根等成分，改善胃肠推进功能，在众多成分的协同作用下实现抗疲解虚、强体补气、补肺防癌、增强免疫力之功效，通过配伍药材，使饮料略伴有茯苓和麦芽的香味，且带有山楂的甜酸味，经药理试验证实，本草饮料安全性高，能够清除肺部毒素垃圾等有害物质，具有抗菌消炎、清热解毒之功效，长期使用可以增强免疫力，预防呼吸道感染，克服了西药治疗带给肝肾系统的刺激性作用，不增加胃肠道的负担。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种基于中药的保健饮品，按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：中药提取成分13％、膳食纤维5％、甜味剂0.4％、增溶剂0.15％、稳定剂0.25％，余量为蒸馏水；
其中，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪15份、绞股蓝8份、乌梅6份、山药5份、金银花4份、芦根3.5份、白芷3.5份、小茴香1.5份、牡蛎1份、丁香1.5份、黄精2份、鸡内金1.5份、栀子1份、苦丁茶0.5份、郁李仁0.5份、余甘子0.5份、枳椇子0.5份、决明子0.5份。
上述保健饮品的制作方式，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)按配方量称取黄芪、绞股蓝、乌梅、山药、金银花、芦根、白芷、小茴香、牡蛎、丁香、黄精、鸡内金、栀子、苦丁茶、郁李仁、余甘子、枳椇子、决明子，然后进行超微粉碎并过筛；
(2)在步骤(1)中得到的混合药粉中加入温水，并加入纤维素酶进行酶解45min，酶解温度为45℃，得到酶解混合液；
(3)按重量百分比计，在步骤(3)得到的酶解混合液分批次加入蒸馏水，进行煎煮，煎煮3次，每次煎煮时间60min，煎煮过程进行的同时辅以超声波，超声波功率为180W，将每次煎煮液合并，将合并煎煮液过滤后浓缩，得浓缩液；
(4)在浓缩液中加入膳食纤维、甜味剂、增溶剂和稳定剂，调酸定容，采用超高温瞬时杀菌技术杀菌，冷却后灌装即得。
实施例2
一种基于中药的保健饮品，按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：中药提取成分15％、膳食纤维6％、甜味剂0.3％、增溶剂0.10％、稳定剂0.3％，余量为蒸馏水；
其中，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪13份、绞股蓝7份、乌梅6份、山药5份、金银花4份、芦根3份、白芷2份、小茴香2份、牡蛎1.5份、丁香1.5份、黄精1份、鸡内金1份、栀子1.5份、苦丁茶1.5份、郁李仁0.8份、余甘子0.6份、枳椇子0.5份、决明子0.5份。
上述保健饮品的制作方式，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)按配方量称取黄芪、绞股蓝、乌梅、山药、金银花、芦根、白芷、小茴香、牡蛎、丁香、黄精、鸡内金、栀子、苦丁茶、郁李仁、余甘子、枳椇子、决明子，然后进行超微粉碎并过筛；
(2)在步骤(1)中得到的混合药粉中加入温水，并加入纤维素酶进行酶解60min，酶解温度为40℃，得到酶解混合液；
(3)按重量百分比计，在步骤(3)得到的酶解混合液分批次加入蒸馏水，进行煎煮，煎煮4次，每次煎煮时间45min，煎煮过程进行的同时辅以超声波，超声波功率为200W，将每次煎煮液合并，将合并煎煮液过滤后浓缩，得浓缩液；
(4)在浓缩液中加入膳食纤维、甜味剂、增溶剂和稳定剂，调酸定容，采用超高温瞬时杀菌技术杀菌，冷却后灌装即得。
实施例3
一种基于中药的保健饮品，按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：中药提取成分12％、膳食纤维6％、甜味剂0.5％、增溶剂0.25％、稳定剂0.2％，余量为蒸馏水；
其中，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪16份、绞股蓝8份、乌梅6份、山药4份、金银花5份、芦根4份、白芷2份、小茴香3份、牡蛎2份、丁香1份、黄精2份、鸡内金1份、栀子2份、苦丁茶1.5份、郁李仁1.5份、余甘子0.8份、枳椇子0.6份、决明子0.5份。
上述保健饮品的制作方式，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)按配方量称取黄芪、绞股蓝、乌梅、山药、金银花、芦根、白芷、小茴香、牡蛎、丁香、黄精、鸡内金、栀子、苦丁茶、郁李仁、余甘子、枳椇子、决明子，然后进行超微粉碎并过筛；
(2)在步骤(1)中得到的混合药粉中加入温水，并加入纤维素酶进行酶解55min，酶解温度为50℃，得到酶解混合液；
(3)按重量百分比计，在步骤(3)得到的酶解混合液分批次加入蒸馏水，进行煎煮，煎煮4次，每次煎煮时间55min，煎煮过程进行的同时辅以超声波，超声波功率为200W，将每次煎煮液合并，将合并煎煮液过滤后浓缩，得浓缩液；
(4)在浓缩液中加入膳食纤维、甜味剂、增溶剂和稳定剂，调酸定容，采用超高温瞬时杀菌技术杀菌，冷却后灌装即得。
实施例4
一种基于中药的保健饮品，按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：中药提取成分12％、膳食纤维8％、甜味剂0.4％、增溶剂0.15％、稳定剂0.3％，余量为蒸馏水；
其中，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪13份、绞股蓝10份、乌梅6份、山药5份、金银花4份、芦根3份、白芷3份、小茴香2份、牡蛎1.5份、丁香2份、黄精2份、鸡内金1.5份、栀子1.5份、苦丁茶1份、郁李仁1份、余甘子0.8份、枳椇子0.5份、决明子0.5份。
上述保健饮品的制作方式，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)按配方量称取黄芪、绞股蓝、乌梅、山药、金银花、芦根、白芷、小茴香、牡蛎、丁香、黄精、鸡内金、栀子、苦丁茶、郁李仁、余甘子、枳椇子、决明子，然后进行超微粉碎并过筛；
(2)在步骤(1)中得到的混合药粉中加入温水，并加入纤维素酶进行酶解60min，酶解温度为50℃，得到酶解混合液；
(3)按重量百分比计，在步骤(3)得到的酶解混合液分批次加入蒸馏水，进行煎煮，煎煮3次，每次煎煮时间65min，煎煮过程进行的同时辅以超声波，超声波功率为150W，将每次煎煮液合并，将合并煎煮液过滤后浓缩，得浓缩液；
(4)在浓缩液中加入膳食纤维、甜味剂、增溶剂和稳定剂，调酸定容，采用超高温瞬时杀菌技术杀菌，冷却后灌装即得。
性能测试
1、稳定性及口感试验
实施例1-4及市售一款保健饮料，对其进行外观以及糖度测试，测试结果示于表1；
表1
2、临床实验
随机选取100例亚健康状态患者，其中男性50例，平均年龄43岁；女性50例，平均年龄46岁，症状包括较为严重的气血不足、疲乏无力、胸闷、食欲不振、胸腹胀满、记忆力下降、睡眠障碍、易醒多梦，每个患者都具备至少三项上述症状；
将参与实验人群分为两组，每组50人，实验组采用本申请中实施例1中得到的保健饮料长期饮用，每日400mL；对照组采用普通绿冲泡作为对照饮品，每日400mL，试验结果如表2所示；
表2
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于中药的保健饮品，其特征在于，按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：中药提取成分12-16％、膳食纤维4-8％、甜味剂0.2-0.5％、增溶剂0.10-0.25％、稳定剂0.15-0.3％，余量为蒸馏水；
其中，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪12-16份、绞股蓝6-10份、乌梅4-6份、山药4-6份、金银花3-5份、芦根2-4份、白芷2-4份、小茴香1-3份、牡蛎1-2份、丁香1-2份、黄精1-2份、鸡内金1-2份、栀子1-2份、苦丁茶0.5-1.5份、郁李仁0.5-1.5份、余甘子0.5-1份、枳椇子0.5-1份、决明子0.5-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于中药的保健饮品，其特征在于，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪14-16份、绞股蓝6-8份、乌梅5-6份、山药4-5份、金银花3-4份、芦根3-4份、白芷3-4份、小茴香1-2份、牡蛎1-1.5份、丁香1.5-2份、黄精1.5-2份、鸡内金1.5-2份、栀子1-1.5份、苦丁茶0.5-1份、郁李仁0.5-1份、余甘子0.5-0.8份、枳椇子0.5-0.8份、决明子0.5-0.6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于中药的保健饮品，其特征在于，所述的中药提取成分按重量份计包括：黄芪15份、绞股蓝8份、乌梅6份、山药5份、金银花4份、芦根3.5份、白芷3.5份、小茴香1.5份、牡蛎1份、丁香1.5份、黄精2份、鸡内金1.5份、栀子1份、苦丁茶0.5份、郁李仁0.5份、余甘子0.5份、枳椇子0.5份、决明子0.5份。
4.如权利要求1-3所述的基于中药的保健饮品的制作方式，其特征在于，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)按配方量称取黄芪、绞股蓝、乌梅、山药、金银花、芦根、白芷、小茴香、牡蛎、丁香、黄精、鸡内金、栀子、苦丁茶、郁李仁、余甘子、枳椇子、决明子，然后进行超微粉碎并过筛；
(2)在步骤(1)中得到的混合药粉中加入温水，并加入纤维素酶进行酶解40-60min，得到酶解混合液；
(3)按重量百分比计，在步骤(3)得到的酶解混合液分批次加入蒸馏水，进行煎煮，煎煮3-4次，每次煎煮时间40-70min，将每次煎煮液合并，将合并煎煮液过滤后浓缩，得浓缩液；
(4)在浓缩液中加入膳食纤维、甜味剂、增溶剂和稳定剂，调酸定容，采用超高温瞬时杀菌技术杀菌，冷却后灌装即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于中药的保健饮品的制作方式，其特征在于，步骤(2)中酶解温度为40-50℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于中药的保健饮品的制作方式，其特征在于，步骤(3)中煎煮过程进行的同时辅以超声波，超声波功率为150-200W。
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