CN113100228A - Method for efficiently and quickly making plant cured leaf specimen - Google Patents
Method for efficiently and quickly making plant cured leaf specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN113100228A CN113100228A CN202110428498.1A CN202110428498A CN113100228A CN 113100228 A CN113100228 A CN 113100228A CN 202110428498 A CN202110428498 A CN 202110428498A CN 113100228 A CN113100228 A CN 113100228A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for efficiently and quickly preparing a plant cured tobacco specimen, which comprises the following steps: firstly, trimming and shaping collected plant specimens, removing overlapped and defective branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers, then sequentially placing absorbent paper, corrugated paper, bagged allochroic silica gel and the trimmed plant specimens on a specimen holder, covering another specimen holder after the number of the plant specimens reaches 3-5 parts, binding the two specimen holders by using binding ropes, placing the bound specimen holder in a drying oven at the temperature of 110 ℃ for drying, taking out the dried specimen holder after drying, placing the dried specimen holder in a drying room, and taking out the plant cured leaf specimens when the temperature of the dried specimen holder is recovered to the room temperature. The invention adopts bagged allochroic silica gel particles with good moisture absorption effect and corrugated paper with air permeability, so that the time for pressing the plant leaf specimen is greatly shortened, the prepared plant leaf specimen has no problems of color change and damage, the invention has simple and quick operation, and the working efficiency and the quality of the plant leaf specimen are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural scientific research and plant identification, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently and quickly manufacturing a plant leaf specimen.
Background
The traditional method for manufacturing the plant leaf specimen is a method for pressing absorbent paper, wherein the absorbent paper is firstly placed on a specimen holder, the plant specimen is placed on the absorbent paper, the absorbent paper is covered, the plant specimen is placed on the absorbent paper, the absorbent paper is stacked in the way, the height of the specimen holder is about 15cm, and the specimen holder is covered with another specimen holder; the method adopts repeatedly changing water-absorbing paper to absorb the water content of the plant specimen and dry the plant specimen.
The existing color preserving technology: and (3) replacing magnesium ions in chlorophyll by a copper ion solution soaking method such as a copper acetate solution and the like so as to keep the green part of the plant specimen green, wherein the method is called a copper ion replacement method for short.
The main disadvantages of the traditional preparation method of the plant leaf specimen are reflected in the following aspects:
one is time consuming. The traditional method for pressing the water-absorbing paper is adopted to manufacture the plant wax leaf specimen, the pressing and shaping process can be completed within 5-10 days generally, the time is long, and the water-absorbing paper is repeatedly replaced in the pressing process, so that the specimen is easily damaged; factors such as untimely change of absorbent paper, continuous rainfall in weather, indoor humidity, insufficient hands of a plurality of people for making the specimens easily cause the problems of rottenness, color change and the like of the plant specimens, so that the problems of low efficiency, waste of plant resources, high labor cost, breakage of the plant specimens, multiple processes, complex operation and the like are caused.
Secondly, the color of the plant leaf specimen is greatly different from that of the living plant, so that the specimen identification rate is low. The traditional method is adopted for pressing, and the color of partial plants is seriously changed due to self characteristics or high water content of stems and leaves, and the like, particularly the partial plants are yellowed, browned, blacked and the like. In addition, if the color is preserved by a copper ion replacement method, taking green leaves of plants as an example, there are various green colors, such as green, grass green, yellow green, dark green, etc., and the copper ion replacement method cannot accurately display the original green color of the plants, so that the color of the plant specimen is distorted.
Thirdly, the cost is high. Firstly, the labor cost is high, the time consumption is long, and the workload of replacing the absorbent paper is large. The problems of color change, rot and the like cause waste of plant resources, and if the rare and rare plants are wasted, the loss can not be estimated.
Based on the above problems, it is important to develop a method for preparing a plant specimen with short time, low cost and good color retention effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the method for efficiently and quickly manufacturing the plant wax leaf specimen is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for efficiently and quickly preparing a plant leaf specimen comprises the following steps:
s1, trimming and shaping the collected plant specimen, and removing overlapped and defective branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers;
s2, placing a specimen clamp on a leveling operation table, sequentially laying a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a layer of absorbent paper on the specimen clamp, then placing the trimmed and shaped plant specimen in S1 on the absorbent paper, laying the shape, and sequentially laying a layer of absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper;
s3, sequentially laying a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel, a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of absorbent paper, a plant specimen, a layer of absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper on the last laid corrugated paper of S2;
s4, repeating the operation of S2 until the number of the placed plant specimens reaches 3-5 parts, finally pressing another specimen clamp on the corrugated paper on the uppermost layer, and tightly binding the two specimen clamps by using a binding rope;
s5, placing the specimen folder bound in the S4 into a hot air circulation drying box with the temperature reaching 110 ℃, wherein the drying time is 2-5 h;
s6, after drying, taking out the specimen holder from the drying box, placing the specimen holder in a drying room, and opening the specimen holder to take out the plant wax leaf specimen when the specimen holder is cooled to the room temperature.
Preferably, one layer of bagged allochroic silica gel in S2, S3 and S4 is that allochroic silica gel in the breathable bag can be laid flat by one layer and completely covers the plant specimen.
Preferably, the breathable bag is a gauze bag with the size of 30cm multiplied by 25cm, 600g of allochroic silica gel is filled in one gauze bag, and two gauze bags filled with 600g of allochroic silica gel are required for one layer of bagged allochroic silica gel.
Preferably, one layer of absorbent paper in S2, S3 and S4 comprises 5-8 pieces of absorbent paper stacked together; the relative humidity in the dry room described in S6 was 30% to 50%.
Preferably, the drying time in the step S6 is determined according to the characteristics and the water content of different kinds of plants, the stems and leaves of the Crassulaceae plant are thickened, and the heating drying time is 5 hours; the stems and leaves of the leguminous plants are small and thin, and the heating and drying time is 2-3 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method, whether the silica gel particles need to be activated and the dryness and wetness degree of the plant specimen are judged according to the color of the color-changing silica gel particles, the dryness and wetness degree of the plant specimen can be visually observed, and the too short or too long drying time of the plant specimen is avoided; in addition, under the condition of high temperature of 110 ℃ in the drying box, the allochroic silica gel particles are always in an activated state, the moisture of the plant specimen can be continuously absorbed, and the time for manufacturing the plant specimen is only 2-5h, while the traditional pressing method needs 5-10 days.
2. The corrugated paper with good air permeability is adopted, so that moisture in the bagged allochroic silica gel particles and the absorbent paper can be effectively discharged; meanwhile, the corrugated paper provides a flat and strong flat plane for the bagged allochroic silica gel particles, and each layer of material placed on the upper layer is more stable and is not easy to collapse due to the corrugated paper; solves the problems of long time consumption, easy color change, easy damage, rottenness and the like in the traditional plant cured leaf specimen preparation process by pressing, and greatly improves the quality of the plant cured leaf specimen.
3. The method for manufacturing the plant cured leaf specimen ensures that the color of the plant is well preserved, the color of each organ of the plant specimen, such as flowers, leaves, stems, roots and the like, can be kept consistent with that of the original living plant to the highest degree, the identification rate is improved for specimen identification, and the method has extremely high ornamental value and artistic collection value.
4. Compared with a chemical reagent treatment method such as copper ion replacement, the technical scheme of the invention does not use chemicals in the implementation process, is more green and environment-friendly, and simultaneously the required materials, tools and the like are easy to obtain, no special materials are used, and most of the materials can be recycled.
5. The technical scheme of the invention omits the repeated procedure of manually turning over the specimen and replacing the absorbent paper, simultaneously reduces the phenomena of specimen damage and breakage caused by repeatedly replacing the absorbent paper and plant resource waste caused by color change and decay, and can save 20-35% of plant resources and 50-80% of labor cost.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a method for preparing a plant leaf specimen in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a method for preparing a conventional plant leaf specimen according to comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plant leaf specimen prepared by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plant leaf specimen that fails to be produced by the traditional plant leaf specimen production method.
FIG. 5 shows a plant leaf specimen successfully prepared by the traditional method.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The method for manufacturing the plant leaf specimen (as shown in figure 1) comprises the following steps:
preparing tools and materials required by pressing a specimen, wherein the tools and materials comprise allochroic silica gel particles, a wooden specimen holder of 50cm multiplied by 60cm, corrugated paper of 50cm multiplied by 60cm, hemp wrinkle absorbent paper, an art designer knife, pruning scissors, tweezers and binding ropes; the vertical board surface of the corrugated paper is distributed with small holes with the diameter of 5cm multiplied by 5cm and the diameter of 2-3mm, the hemp-wrinkled absorbent paper is made of grey grass paper which is made by hand, is rough and has good toughness, is not easy to damage or break holes after absorbing water and moisture, and can damage the color of a plant specimen if the grass paper is too dark and yellow and the alkalinity of the paper is too high;
s1, trimming and shaping the collected rhodiola crenulata specimen, and removing overlapped and damaged branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers; drying the allochroic silica gel particles to enable the allochroic silica gel particles to be completely blue without moisture, sealing and cooling to room temperature, and then filling each 600g of silica gel particles into a breathable bag made of gauze and having the specification of 30cm multiplied by 25 cm.
S2, placing a specimen holder on a leveling operation table, sequentially laying a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a layer of (8) absorbent paper on the specimen holder, then placing the trimmed and shaped rhodiola crenulata plant specimen in S1 on the absorbent paper, laying the specimen on the absorbent paper for shaping, and sequentially laying a layer of (8) absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper;
s3, sequentially laying a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel, a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of (8) absorbent paper, a plant specimen, a layer of (8) absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper on the last piece of corrugated paper laid in S2;
s4, repeating the operation of S2 until the number of the placed rhodiola crenulata plant specimens reaches 3, finally pressing another specimen folder on the corrugated paper on the uppermost layer, and tightly binding the two specimen folders by using a binding rope, wherein the plant specimens, the corrugated paper, the bagged allochroic silica gel and the absorbent paper in the specimen folder are not shaken when the specimens are taken and placed, so that the phenomenon that the dried plant specimens are wrinkled to influence the quality of the specimens is avoided;
s5, placing the specimen folder bound in the S4 into a hot air circulation drying box with the temperature reaching 110 ℃, wherein the drying time is 5 hours;
s6, after drying, taking the specimen folder out of the drying box, placing the specimen folder in a room with the relative humidity of 30%, and opening the specimen folder to take out the rhodiola crenulata plant wax leaf specimen when the temperature is reduced to the room temperature.
The following work for protecting the specimen is also required after the specimen is taken out:
putting on a piece of paper, labeling, and laminating. Binding the dried rhodiola crenulata leaf specimen on white table paper by using needle threads, attaching contents such as an identification label, a color picture, a two-dimensional code and the like according to needs, then inserting the contents into a plastic packaging film with a proper size, and carrying out plastic packaging in a preheated plastic packaging machine.
And (5) preserving the specimen. In order to maintain the most original ecological color of the specimen, the specimen is preferably placed in a ventilated, dried and light-proof place, and the freshly made plant cured leaf specimen is preferably stacked, sealed by a plastic bag, stored in a freezer at 0-10 ℃ for a period of time, and then displayed and displayed.
The plant specimens described in this example are all default to complete specimens, i.e., collected at the flowering or fruiting stage of the plant.
Comparative example 1
The traditional preparation method of the plant leaf specimen (as shown in figure 2) comprises the following steps:
s1, trimming and shaping the collected rhodiola crenulata plant specimen, and removing overlapped and damaged branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers;
s2, paving a layer (8 pieces) of absorbent paper on one specimen clamp, paving the rhodiola crenulata plant specimen on the specimen clamp, paving a layer (8 pieces) of absorbent paper, and amplifying the rhodiola crenulata plant specimen, so that the rhodiola crenulata plant specimen and the absorbent paper are alternately and circularly stacked into a pile until the height of the pile reaches 15cm, covering the other specimen clamp, and tightly binding the two specimens by using a binding rope;
s3, changing the absorbent paper 3-4 times every day in the first 3-5 days, and then changing the absorbent paper 1-2 times every day until the plant specimen is completely dried, finishing the preparation of the rhodiola crenulata wax leaf specimen in about 8 days, wherein the preparation time is influenced by weather factors and specimen collection time.
The stem and leaf of the rhodiola crenulata are thick and the water loss is slow, so the times of replacing the absorbent paper are required to be increased every day, compared with the embodiment 1, the traditional plant leaf specimen manufacturing method is long in time consumption and high in labor cost, the embodiment 1 has the characteristics of short time consumption, manpower resource saving and simplicity in operation, and the problem that the plant sample is damaged in the process of opening the specimen holder for replacing the absorbent paper for multiple times is also effectively solved.
The plant specimens described in this comparative example were all default to complete specimens, i.e., collected at the flowering or fruit stage of the plant.
Comparative example 2
The method for manufacturing the plant leaf specimen in the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, trimming and shaping the collected rhodiola crenulata plant specimen, and removing overlapped and damaged branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers;
s2, sequentially laying a layer (8 pieces) of absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and rhodiola rosea plant specimens on one specimen folder, repeatedly sequentially laying a layer (8 pieces) of absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and rhodiola rosea plants until the specimens are stacked to be 15cm high, covering the other specimen folder, and tightly binding the two specimen folders by binding ropes;
s3, changing bagged allochroic silica gel and absorbent paper for 2-4 times every day in the first 3-5 days, and then changing the bagged allochroic silica gel and the absorbent paper for 1-2 times every day, wherein the preparation of the rhodiola crenulata cured leaf specimen can be completed in about 7 days, and the specimen preparation time is influenced by weather factors and specimen collection time.
Although the bagged allochroic silica gel is placed in the comparative example 2 to absorb the moisture in the plant sample, the bagged allochroic silica gel and the absorbent paper still need to be replaced every day, and although the allochroic silica gel has a good moisture absorption effect, the allochroic silica gel is directly used for absorbing the moisture of the plant species and needs to be replaced repeatedly; and the bagged allochroic silica gel is placed in the embodiment 1, under the condition of high temperature of 110 ℃ in the drying box, the bagged allochroic silica gel is always in an activated state and can continuously absorb the moisture of the plant specimen, the plant specimen is only made for 5 hours, the time for making the plant specimen is greatly shortened, the repeated work of opening the specimen clamp repeatedly to replace the absorbent paper and the bagged allochroic silica gel, the consumed time is long, and the labor intensity is high is saved, so that the work efficiency is greatly improved.
The plant specimens described in this comparative example were all default to complete specimens, i.e., collected at the flowering or fruit stage of the plant.
Comparative example 3
The method for manufacturing the plant leaf specimen in the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, trimming and shaping the collected rhodiola crenulata plant specimen, and removing overlapped and damaged branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers;
s2, sequentially laying a layer (8 pieces) of absorbent paper, a piece of corrugated paper and the rhodiola crenulata plant specimen on one specimen folder, repeatedly laying a layer (8 pieces) of absorbent paper, a piece of corrugated paper and the rhodiola crenulata plant until the height of the stack is 15cm, covering the other specimen folder, and tightly binding the two specimen folders by using binding ropes; then putting the tightly bound specimen holder into a drying oven kept at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ for baking;
s3, unfastening the specimen folder every 5 hours in the day for observation and adjusting the shape in the first 3 days, replacing the absorbent paper 1-2 times every day in the first 3 days, and then baking for 2-5 days to finish the production of the rhodiola crenulata cured leaf specimen, wherein the specimen production time is influenced by weather factors and specimen collection time.
In comparative example 3, the plant specimen is placed in a drying box for rapid water loss, corrugated paper is placed in a specimen holder for increasing air permeability, the temperature of the drying box is kept at 50 ℃, but the specimen holder needs to be unfastened every 5 hours in the first 3 days to observe the drying degree of the plant specimen, and the water-absorbing paper needs to be replaced for 1-2 times according to needs, so that the manufacturing time of the wax leaf specimen is longer. The bagged allochroic silica gel, the corrugated paper and the absorbent paper are placed in the embodiment 1, the corrugated paper has good air permeability, the water of the bagged allochroic silica gel and the absorbent paper can be diffused out, a flatable platform with certain strength is provided for the bagged allochroic silica gel, and a molding effect is achieved for the specimen holder; the temperature of stoving case is 110 ℃, can make the color-changing silica gel in bags be in the activated state all the time, can continuously absorb the moisture in the plant specimen, makes the plant specimen dry fast, preserves the plant true qualities, need not untie the specimen holder and observe the plant specimen, and the plant cured leaf specimen preparation method of embodiment 1 easy operation, efficient.
The plant specimens described in this comparative example were all default to complete specimens, i.e., collected at the flowering or fruit stage of the plant.
Example 2
The method for manufacturing the plant leaf specimen comprises the following steps:
preparing tools and materials required by pressing a specimen, wherein the tools and materials comprise allochroic silica gel particles, a wooden specimen holder of 50cm multiplied by 60cm, corrugated paper of 50cm multiplied by 60cm, hemp wrinkle absorbent paper, an art designer knife, pruning scissors, tweezers and binding ropes; the vertical board surface of the corrugated paper is distributed with small holes with the diameter of 5cm multiplied by 5cm and the diameter of 2-3mm, the hemp wrinkle absorbent paper is made of grey grass paper which is made by hand, the grass paper is rough and has good toughness, and the grass paper is not easy to damage or break holes after absorbing water and moisture, and if the grass paper is too dark and yellow in color and the alkalinity of the paper is too high, the color of the plant specimen can be damaged;
s1, trimming and shaping the collected astragalus sinicus plant specimen, and removing overlapped and defective branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers; milk vetch (leguminosae): it is representative of similar plants of Leguminosae, Labiatae, etc., and is characterized by small and thin organs such as stem, leaf, flower, root, etc.;
drying the allochroic silica gel particles to enable the allochroic silica gel particles to be completely blue without moisture, sealing and cooling to room temperature, and then filling each 600g of silica gel particles into a breathable bag made of gauze and having the specification of 30cm multiplied by 25 cm.
S2, placing a specimen holder on a leveling operation table, sequentially laying a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a layer of (5) absorbent paper on the specimen holder, then placing the cut and shaped Chinese milk vetch plant specimen in S1 on the absorbent paper, laying the shape, and sequentially laying a layer of (5) absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper;
s3, sequentially laying a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel, a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of (5) absorbent paper, a plant specimen, a layer of (5) absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper on the last piece of corrugated paper laid in S2;
s4, repeating the operation of S2 until the number of the placed plant specimens reaches 5 parts, finally pressing another specimen clamp on the corrugated paper on the uppermost layer, and tightly binding the two specimen clamps by using a binding rope, wherein the plant specimens, the corrugated paper, the bagged allochroic silica gel and the absorbent paper in the specimen clamps are not shaken when the two specimen clamps are taken and placed, so that the phenomenon that the dried plant specimens are wrinkled to influence the quality of the specimens is avoided;
s5, placing the specimen folder bound in the S4 into a hot air circulation drying box with the temperature reaching 110 ℃, wherein the drying time is 2 hours;
s6, after drying, taking the specimen holder out of the drying box, placing the specimen holder in a room with the relative humidity of 40%, and opening the specimen holder to take the astragalus sinicus plant wax leaf specimen when the temperature is reduced to the room temperature.
The following work for protecting the specimen is also required after the specimen is taken out:
putting on a piece of paper, labeling, and laminating. And binding the dried and manufactured astragalus sinicus cured leaf specimen on white table paper by using needle and thread, attaching contents such as an identification label, a color picture, a two-dimensional code and the like according to needs, inserting the contents into a plastic packaging film with a proper size, and performing plastic coating in a preheated plastic coating machine.
And (5) preserving the specimen. In order to maintain the most original ecological color of the specimen, the specimen is preferably placed in a ventilated, dried and light-proof place, and the freshly made plant cured leaf specimen is preferably stacked, sealed by a plastic bag, stored in a freezer at 0-10 ℃ for a period of time, and then displayed and displayed.
The plant specimens described in this example are all default to complete specimens, i.e., collected at the flowering or fruiting stage of the plant.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the plant wax leaf specimen of the comparative example is the same as that of the example 2, and the difference is that the temperature of the drying box is 90 ℃, and the drying time is 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h respectively;
drying degree of milk vetch at 190 deg.C and different drying time
| Temperature of | Drying time | Astragalus sinicus (lour.) Merr |
| 90℃ | 1h | 70 percent of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the specimen is original color and not dry |
| 90℃ | 2h | 75% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the specimen is original color and is dried by about 20% |
| 90℃ | 3h | 80% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the specimen is original color and is dried by about 30% |
| 90℃ | 4h | 85% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the specimen is original color and is dried by about 35% |
| 90℃ | 5h | 90% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the primary color and the drying rate of the specimen are about 40% |
As can be seen from Table 1, when the temperature is 90 ℃, the drying degree of the astragalus sinicus sample is increased along with the increase of the drying time, but the moisture content is still very large, which cannot meet the requirement of manufacturing the astragalus sinicus wax leaf sample, and the drying temperature is lower.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method of the plant leaf specimen of the comparative example is the same as that of the example 2, and the difference is that the temperature of the drying box is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h respectively;
in the table, the drying degree of the milk vetch is measured at 2100 ℃ and under different drying times
As can be seen from Table 2, the drying degree of milk vetch reaches 85% when the drying time is 5h at 100 ℃, but the milk vetch is not completely dried and can not meet the requirement of making milk vetch leaf specimens.
Comparative example 6
The preparation method of the plant leaf specimen of the comparative example is the same as that of the example 2, and the difference is that the temperature of a drying box is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 1h, 2h, 3h and 4h respectively;
drying degree of milk vetch at 3110 deg.C and different drying time
As can be seen from Table 3, when the temperature is 110 ℃ and the drying time is 2 hours, the drying degree of the astragalus sinicus plant specimen reaches 100%, and when the drying time is increased, branches and leaves become yellow and brittle, so that the astragalus sinicus plant specimen is very easy to damage and cannot be made into a cured leaf specimen, therefore, the optimal drying temperature is 110 ℃ and the drying time is 2 hours.
When the temperature is higher than 110 ℃, the structure of protein, cellulose and the like in the plant body is damaged, so that the plant specimen becomes dry and crisp, and the plant specimen is crushed by hand.
Example 3
The method for manufacturing the plant leaf specimen comprises the following steps:
preparing tools and materials required by pressing a specimen, wherein the tools and materials comprise allochroic silica gel particles, a wooden specimen holder of 50cm multiplied by 60cm, corrugated paper of 50cm multiplied by 60cm, hemp wrinkle absorbent paper, an art designer knife, pruning scissors, tweezers and binding ropes; the vertical board surface of the corrugated paper is distributed with small holes with the diameter of 5cm multiplied by 5cm and the diameter of 2-3mm, the hemp-wrinkled absorbent paper is made of grey grass paper which is made by hand, is rough and has good toughness, is not easy to damage or break holes after absorbing water and moisture, and can damage the color of a plant specimen if the grass paper is too dark and yellow and the alkalinity of the paper is too high;
s1, trimming and shaping the collected iris plant specimen, and removing overlapped and defective branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers; iris (iridaceae): it is similar to plants in Iridaceae and Crassulaceae, and is characterized by thick organs, succulent and succulent stem, leaf, flower and root;
drying the allochroic silica gel particles to enable the allochroic silica gel particles to be completely blue without moisture, sealing and cooling to room temperature, and then filling each 600g of silica gel particles into a breathable bag made of gauze and having the specification of 30cm multiplied by 25 cm.
S2, placing a specimen holder on a leveling operation table, sequentially laying a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a layer of (6) absorbent paper on the specimen holder, then placing the iris plant specimen trimmed and shaped in S1 on the absorbent paper, laying the shape, and sequentially laying a layer of (6) absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper;
s3, sequentially laying a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel, a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of (6) absorbent paper, an iris plant specimen, a layer of (6) absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper on the last piece of corrugated paper laid in S2;
s4, repeating the operation of S2 until the number of the placed plant specimens reaches 4, finally pressing another specimen clamp on the corrugated paper on the uppermost layer, and tightly binding the two specimen clamps by using a binding rope, wherein the plant specimens, the corrugated paper, the bagged allochroic silica gel and the absorbent paper in the specimen clamps are not shaken when the two specimen clamps are taken and placed, so that the phenomenon that the dried plant specimens are wrinkled to influence the quality of the specimens is avoided;
s5, placing the specimen folder bound in the S4 into a hot air circulation drying box with the temperature reaching 110 ℃, wherein the drying time is 4 hours;
s6, after drying, taking the specimen holder out of the drying box, placing the specimen holder in a room with the relative humidity of 50%, and opening the specimen holder to take out the iris plant wax leaf specimen when the temperature is reduced to the room temperature.
The following work for protecting the specimen is also required after the specimen is taken out:
putting on a piece of paper, labeling, and laminating. Binding the dried and prepared iris leaf specimen on white table paper by using needle threads, attaching contents such as identification labels, color pictures, two-dimensional codes and the like according to needs, then inserting the contents into a plastic packaging film with a proper size, and performing plastic coating in a preheated plastic coating machine.
And (5) preserving the specimen. In order to maintain the most original ecological color of the specimen, the specimen is preferably placed in a ventilated, dried and light-proof place, and the freshly made plant cured leaf specimen is preferably stacked, sealed by a plastic bag, stored in a freezer at 0-10 ℃ for a period of time, and then displayed and displayed.
The plant specimens described in this example are all default to complete specimens, i.e., collected at the flowering or fruiting stage of the plant.
Comparative example 7
The preparation method of the plant wax leaf specimen of the comparative example is the same as that of the example 3, and the difference is that the temperature of the drying box is 90 ℃, and the drying time is 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h respectively;
table for drying degree of iris at 490 deg.C for different drying time
| Temperature of | Drying time | Iris root |
| 90℃ | 1h | 65% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the specimen is original color and not dried |
| 90℃ | 2h | Color change70% of silica gel is blue, the original color of the specimen is about 10% of the dry |
| 90℃ | 3h | 75% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the original color and the drying rate of the specimen are about 25% |
| 90℃ | 4h | 78% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the specimen is original color and is dried by about 25% |
| 90℃ | 5h | 80% of allochroic silica gel is blue, and the specimen is original color and is dried by about 30% |
As shown in Table 4, when the drying temperature is 90 ℃, the iris still contains a large amount of moisture along with the increase of the drying time, and the allochroic silica gel still does not show 100% blue color, which indicates that the plant specimen still contains moisture and can not meet the requirement of making the cured leaf specimen.
Comparative example 8
The preparation method of the plant leaf specimen of the comparative example is the same as that of the example 3, and the difference is that the temperature of the drying box is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h respectively;
drying degree of iris at 5100 deg.C for different drying time
As can be seen from Table 5, when the drying temperature is 100 ℃, the iris plant specimen is still not completely dried with the increase of the drying time, and the requirement of making the cured leaf specimen can not be met.
Comparative example 9
The preparation method of the plant leaf specimen of the comparative example is the same as that of the example 3, and the difference is that the temperature of the drying box is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h respectively;
TABLE 6110 deg.C drying degree of rhizoma Iridis Tectori under different drying time
As can be seen from Table 9, when the temperature is 110 ℃ and the drying time is 4 hours, the drying degree of the iris plant specimen reaches 100%, and the allochroic silica gel is 100% blue, which indicates that no moisture exists in the specimen holder, and the drying time is increased, the color of the iris plant specimen becomes lighter, and the leaves of the iris plant specimen also turn to burnt yellow; therefore, the optimal drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 4 h.
When the drying temperature is 120 ℃ and the drying time is 1h, the iris plant specimen is not completely dried, the main stem is not dried and the flower color is lightened; when the drying time was 2 hours, iris plant specimens were completely dried, but the flower color was light and the leaves were crisp. When the temperature is higher than 110 ℃, the structure of protein, cellulose and the like in the plant body is damaged, so that the plant specimen becomes dry and crisp, and the plant specimen is crushed by hand.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for efficiently and quickly manufacturing a plant leaf specimen is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, trimming and shaping the collected plant specimen, and removing overlapped and defective branches, leaves, roots, tubers and flowers;
s2, placing a specimen clamp on a leveling operation table, sequentially laying a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a layer of absorbent paper on the specimen clamp, then placing the trimmed and shaped plant specimen in S1 on the absorbent paper, laying the shape, and sequentially laying a layer of absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper;
s3, sequentially laying a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel, a piece of corrugated paper, a layer of absorbent paper, a plant specimen, a layer of absorbent paper, a layer of bagged allochroic silica gel and a piece of corrugated paper on the last laid corrugated paper of S2;
s4, repeating the operation of S2 until the number of the placed plant specimens reaches 3-5 parts, finally pressing another specimen clamp on the corrugated paper on the uppermost layer, and tightly binding the two specimen clamps by using a binding rope;
s5, placing the specimen folder bound in the S4 into a hot air circulation drying box with the temperature reaching 110 ℃, wherein the drying time is 2-5 h;
s6, after drying, taking out the specimen holder from the drying box, placing the specimen holder in a drying room, and opening the specimen holder to take out the plant wax leaf specimen when the specimen holder is cooled to the room temperature.
2. The method for efficiently and rapidly making the plant leaf specimen according to claim 1, wherein one layer of bagged allochroic silica gel in S2, S3 and S4 is formed by laying a layer of allochroic silica gel in a breathable bag and completely covering the layer of allochroic silica gel above the plant specimen.
3. The method for efficiently and rapidly manufacturing the plant wax leaf specimen according to claim 2, wherein the air-permeable bag is a gauze bag with the size of 30cm x 25cm, 600g of allochroic silicagel is filled in one gauze bag, and two gauze bags with 600g of allochroic silicagel are required for one layer of the allochroic silicagel.
4. The method for efficiently and rapidly making the plant wax leaf specimen according to claim 1, wherein one layer of the absorbent paper in S2, S3 and S4 comprises 5 to 8 pieces of absorbent paper stacked together; the relative humidity in the dry room described in S6 was 30% to 50%.
5. The method for efficiently and rapidly making the plant wax leaf specimen according to the claim 1, wherein the drying time in the step S6 is determined according to the characteristics and the water content of different kinds of plants, the stems and leaves of the Crassulaceae plant are thickened, and the heating and drying time is 5 hours; the stems and leaves of the leguminous plants are small and thin, and the heating and drying time is 2-3 hours.
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