CN113087517A - 以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙‑尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法。其技术方案是:按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶(1~1.05)配料,于球磨机中球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料;按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶(5~6)配料,置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的8~12wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨,再于110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,机压成型;然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1650~1750℃条件下保温3~5小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙‑尖晶石多孔陶瓷。本发明工艺简单、生产成本低和环境友好;所制备的六铝酸钙‑尖晶石多孔陶瓷具有使用稳定性好和材料强度高的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷技术领域。具体涉及一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
多孔陶瓷是一种经高温烧成,内部具有大量彼此连通或孤立气孔的陶瓷材料。六铝酸钙是一种具有熔点高、导热系数低、化学稳定性好等优异的性能的新型材料,六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷具有良好的储热应用前景。目前,六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷的制备方法主要有有机物烧失法、发泡法以及烧结法。
(1)有机物烧失法,如李胜等使用不同有机或含碳造孔剂制得六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷(李胜等.不同造孔剂对CA6-MA多孔材料性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2010,29(005):1021-1025.),其制品的气孔率及气孔大小虽易于控制,但有机物在烧失过程中容易污染环境。
(2)发泡法,如“一种六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法”(ZL201410560494.9)专利技术,该技术用Al2O3粉末和纳米碳酸钙通过热发泡法制备六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷,所制得的陶瓷生坯孔隙率高,且六铝酸钙片状晶粒在高温下难以烧结,导致所制得的六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷强度不高,原料中使用高纯纳米碳酸钙也提高了生产成本,发泡剂中残留的杂质也容易对产品造成污染。
(3)烧结法,如“一种六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷的制备方法”(CN201811595141.7)专利技术,该技术以ρ-Al2O3和碳酸钙粉末为原料,利用ρ-Al2O3于水反应生成的凝胶提供网状气孔,该方法虽环保且产品气孔率高,但是烧结法制得的六铝酸钙强度较低,所得产品强度不高。
此外六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷还可以预合成六铝酸钙作为原料制备,但市场上的六铝酸钙依旧存在价格高昂、因烧结制备的六铝酸钙不够致密导致强度不高的缺点(刘新彧等.博耐特(Bonite)—一种新型的合成致密CA6耐火原料[J].耐火材料,2006,40(1):60-64.)。
钛铁渣是铝热还原法生产钛铁合金产生的炉渣,由于钛铁合金生产中加入石灰作为造渣剂,该方法生产钛铁合金得到的钛铁渣为一种Ca(Al,Ti)12O19型固溶体,也被称为钛铝酸钙。其具有六铝酸钙型晶体结构且价格低廉,因其由熔融态冷却形成,相比烧结法制备的六铝酸钙密度更高,但是在其晶体结构中掺杂的三价Ti离子会因高温下氧化成四价钛离子从而破坏Ca(Al,Ti)12O19型固溶体的结构稳定,制约了将钛铁渣作为一种六铝酸钙源使用的发展。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷,目的是提供一种工艺简单、生产成本低和环境友好的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法;用该方法制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷强度高、稳定性好。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
步骤1、按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶(1~1.05),将所述活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿置于球磨机中,球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料。
步骤2、按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶(5~6),将所述球磨粉料和所述钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的8~12wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨1~3小时,再于110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,即得陶瓷粉粒。
步骤3、将所述陶瓷粉粒在45~55kN的条件下机压成型,然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1650~1750℃条件下保温3~5小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
所述活性氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥99wt%;所述活性氧化铝微粉的粒度≤0.01mm。
所述天然菱镁矿的MgCO3含量≥95wt%,SiO2≤2wt%;所述天然菱镁矿的粒度≤0.1mm。
所述钛铁渣的化学成分是:Al2O3含量≥75wt%,TiO2含量≥10wt%,CaO含量≥10wt%,MgO含量≤2wt%,SiO2含量≤0.5wt%;所述钛铁渣的粒度≤0.1mm。
所述聚乙二醇溶液为聚乙二醇与去离子水配制的溶液,其中:聚乙二醇∶去离子水的质量比为1∶(49~50),所述聚乙二醇为分析纯。
所述的球磨机的球磨介质为刚玉质球。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有以下积极效果:
1、本发明将活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿球磨,得球磨粉料;再将球磨粉料和钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨,干燥,得陶瓷粉粒;将陶瓷粉粒机压成型,在1650~1750℃条件下烧成,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷,工艺简单;另外,本发明以冶炼钛铁合金所产生的熔渣为主料,显著降低了以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的生产成本。
3、本发明通过烧制过程中的天然菱镁矿原位分解形成多孔结构降低了材料导热系数,且过程无污染,环境友好;天然菱镁矿分解产生的氧化镁为体系内提供镁源,促进了Ca(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19固溶体的产生,提高了以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷在高温氧化条件下的稳定性。
4、本发明在制备过程中未进入固溶体的由天然菱镁矿分解产生的MgO在以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷中与Al2O3反应生成尖晶石,相比纯六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷提高了抗热震性能,相比添加预合成尖晶石降低了生产成本。
本发明所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷经检测:冷态耐压强度为100~150MPa;体积密度为1.80~2.20g/cm3;平均孔径为0.8μm~8μm;导热系数为0.70~0.85W·m-1·K-1。
因此,本发明的工艺简单、生产成本低和环境友好;所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷具有使用稳定性好和强度高的特点。
具体实施方式
一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法。所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
步骤1、按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶(1~1.05),将所述活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿置于球磨机中,球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料。
步骤2、按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶(5~6),将所述球磨粉料和所述钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的8~12wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨1~3小时,再于110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,即得陶瓷粉粒。
步骤3、将所述陶瓷粉粒在45~55kN的条件下机压成型,然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1650~1750℃条件下保温3~5小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
本具体实施方式中:
所述活性氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥99wt%;所述活性氧化铝微粉的粒度≤0.01mm。
所述天然菱镁矿的MgCO3含量≥95wt%,SiO2≤2wt%;所述天然菱镁矿的粒度≤0.1mm。
所述钛铁渣的化学成分是:Al2O3含量≥75wt%,TiO2含量≥10wt%,CaO含量≥10wt%,MgO含量≤2wt%,SiO2含量≤0.5wt%;所述钛铁渣的粒度≤0.1mm。
所述聚乙二醇溶液为聚乙二醇与去离子水配制的溶液,其中:聚乙二醇∶去离子水的质量比为1∶(49~50),所述聚乙二醇为分析纯。
所述的球磨机的球磨介质为刚玉质球。
实施例中不再赘述。
实施例1
一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
步骤1、按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶1,将所述活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿置于球磨机中,球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料。
步骤2、按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶6,将所述球磨粉料和所述钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的12wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨2小时,再于110℃条件下干燥24小时,即得陶瓷粉粒。
步骤3、将所述陶瓷粉粒在45kN的条件下机压成型,然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1650℃条件下保温5小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
本实施例所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷经检测:冷态耐压强度为102MPa;体积密度为1.83g/cm3;平均孔径为1μm;导热系数为0.73W·m-1·K-1。
实施例2
一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
步骤1、按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶1.05,将所述活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿置于球磨机中,球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料。
步骤2、按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶5.7,将所述球磨粉料和所述钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的8wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨2.5小时,再于130℃条件下干燥20小时,即得陶瓷粉粒。
步骤3、将所述陶瓷粉粒在50kN的条件下机压成型,然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1750℃条件下保温3小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
本实施例所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷经检测:冷态耐压强度为120MPa;体积密度为1.99g/cm3;平均孔径为2μm;导热系数为0.71W·m-1·K-1。
实施例3
一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
步骤1、按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶1.02,将所述活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿置于球磨机中,球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料。
步骤2、按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶5.5,将所述球磨粉料和所述钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的10wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨3小时,再于150℃条件下干燥16小时,即得陶瓷粉粒。
步骤3、将所述陶瓷粉粒在55kN的条件下机压成型,然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1700℃条件下保温3小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
本实施例所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷经检测:冷态耐压强度为139MPa;体积密度为2.05g/cm3;平均孔径为8μm;导热系数为0.85W·m-1·K-1。
实施例4
一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
步骤1、按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶1.04,将所述活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿置于球磨机中,球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料。
步骤2、按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶5,将所述球磨粉料和所述钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的11wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨1小时,再于190℃条件下干燥12小时,即得陶瓷粉粒。
步骤3、将所述陶瓷粉粒在50kN的条件下机压成型,然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1700℃条件下保温4小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
本实施例所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷经检测:冷态耐压强度为148MPa;体积密度为2.19g/cm3;平均孔径为4μm;导热系数为0.82W·m-1·K-1。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有以下积极效果:
1、本具体实施方式将活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿球磨,得球磨粉料;再将球磨粉料和钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨,干燥,得陶瓷粉粒;将陶瓷粉粒机压成型,在1650~1750℃条件下烧成,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷,工艺简单;另外,本具体实施方式以冶炼钛铁合金所产生的熔渣为主料,显著降低了以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的生产成本。
2、本具体实施方式通过烧制过程中二价镁离子和四价钛离子与铝离子形成置换固溶体提高了六铝酸钙密度,弥补了钛铝酸钙中因氧化产生四价钛而导致的结构失衡,提高了以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的强度。
3、本具体实施方式通过烧制过程中的天然菱镁矿原位分解形成多孔结构降低了材料导热系数,且过程无污染,环境友好;天然菱镁矿分解产生的氧化镁为体系内提供镁源,促进了Ca(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19固溶体的产生,提高了以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷在高温氧化条件下的稳定性。
4、本具体实施方式在制备过程中未进入固溶体的由天然菱镁矿分解产生的MgO在以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷中与Al2O3反应生成尖晶石,相比纯六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷提高了抗热震性能,相比添加预合成尖晶石降低了生产成本。
本具体实施方式所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷经检测:冷态耐压强度为100~150MPa;体积密度为1.80~2.20g/cm3;平均孔径为0.8μm~8μm;导热系数为0.70~0.85W·m-1·K-1。
因此,本具体实施方式的工艺简单、生产成本低和环境友好;所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷具有使用稳定性好和强度高的特点。
Claims (7)
1.一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
步骤1、按活性氧化铝微粉∶天然菱镁矿的质量比为1∶(1~1.05),将所述活性氧化铝微粉和天然菱镁矿置于球磨机中,球磨至粒度小于100μm,即得球磨粉料;
步骤2、按所述球磨粉料∶钛铁渣细粉的质量比为1∶(5~6),将所述球磨粉料和所述钛铁渣细粉置于球磨机中,外加所述球磨粉料与所述钛铁渣细粉之和的8~12wt%的聚乙二醇溶液,湿磨1~3小时,再于110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,即得陶瓷粉粒;
步骤3、将所述陶瓷粉粒在45~55kN的条件下机压成型,然后将成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛和1650~1750℃条件下保温3~5小时,冷却,制得以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述活性氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥99wt%;所述活性氧化铝微粉的粒度≤0.01mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述天然菱镁矿的MgCO3含量≥95wt%,SiO2≤2wt%;所述天然菱镁矿的粒度≤0.1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述钛铁渣的化学成分是:Al2O3含量≥75wt%,TiO2含量≥10wt%,CaO含量≥10wt%,MgO含量≤2wt%,SiO2含量≤0.5wt%;所述钛铁渣的粒度≤0.1mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述聚乙二醇溶液为聚乙二醇与去离子水配制的溶液,其中:聚乙二醇∶去离子水的质量比为1∶(49~50),所述聚乙二醇为分析纯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述的球磨机的球磨介质为刚玉质球。
7.一种以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷,其特征在于所述的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷是根据权利要求1~6项中任一项所述的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷的制备方法所制备的以钛铁渣为主料的六铝酸钙-尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
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