CN113086988A - Y-type molecular sieve, preparation and application thereof in cracking - Google Patents

Y-type molecular sieve, preparation and application thereof in cracking Download PDF

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CN113086988A
CN113086988A CN201911336168.9A CN201911336168A CN113086988A CN 113086988 A CN113086988 A CN 113086988A CN 201911336168 A CN201911336168 A CN 201911336168A CN 113086988 A CN113086988 A CN 113086988A
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molecular sieve
constant temperature
surfactant
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秦波
高杭
杜艳泽
柳伟
王仲义
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Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute Co ltd
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
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Abstract

The invention discloses a Y-type molecular sieve, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof in cracking, wherein the outer surface of the Y-type molecular sieve presents rhombohedral nanocrystals, and the size of the surface nanocrystals is 30-800 nm; according to the preparation method of the Y-type molecular sieve, the synthetic liquid of the molecular sieve contains the surfactant S and the low-carbon alcohol M, the Y-type molecular sieve has more contactable areas and more contactable active sites, and the performance of the catalyst is remarkably improved when the molecular sieve is used in a hydrocracking process.

Description

Y-type molecular sieve, preparation and application thereof in cracking
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Y-type molecular sieve, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in cracking, in particular to a Y-type molecular sieve, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in hydrocracking.
Background
The Y-type molecular sieve has the obvious advantages of large specific surface area, high hydrothermal stability, suitable acidity, low synthesis cost and the like, and simultaneously has an important position which cannot be replaced in the field of catalysis due to the 1.12nm super-cage structure in the topological structure. At present, the method is applied to a plurality of fields such as petroleum refining, sewage treatment, waste gas treatment and the like.
The grain size of the Y-type molecular sieve is generally different from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers, the size of a pore channel is smaller than 1.3nm, and when molecules are diffused in the pore channel of the molecular sieve, the molecules continuously collide with the pore wall, so that macromolecules are difficult to leave the pore channel of the molecular sieve, side reactions are generated, and carbon deposition of a catalyst is caused. The conventional micron-sized Y-shaped molecular sieve has small specific surface area, so that the loss of the active center on the inner surface of the molecular sieve is caused, and the effective utilization rate of an active site is reduced. The microporous structure of the micron-sized Y-shaped molecular sieve causes the problems of longer diffusion path of reactants, larger diffusion resistance, low effective utilization rate of active centers and the like, and limits the application of the micron-sized Y-shaped molecular sieve in industry to a great extent, particularly the reaction of oil macromolecules in the field of petroleum refining. At present, researchers generally adopt two methods of preparing a hierarchical pore Y-type molecular sieve and shortening the length of a pore channel, namely a nanoscale Y-type molecular sieve to solve a plurality of problems of a micron-sized Y-type molecular sieve.
The preparation method of the hierarchical pore Y-shaped molecular sieve is mainly characterized in that the molecular sieve is placed in an acidic environment or an alkaline environment to achieve the purposes of dealumination and desiliconization through a post-treatment method, and a mesoporous structure is further introduced into a molecular sieve framework. Or adding a template agent in the process of forming the molecular sieve initial gel, and removing the template agent in the molecular sieve framework through high-temperature roasting to form defect sites and introduce the defect sites into secondary holes. In both methods, a secondary pore structure can be formed in a molecular sieve framework, but secondary mesopores are introduced less, secondary pores are formed on the surface of the molecular sieve more, and the effect of diffusing macromolecules into molecular sieve pores is not great.
Compared with the preparation method of the hierarchical pore Y-shaped molecular sieve, the nanoscale Y-shaped molecular sieve has the advantages of high specific surface area, high load capacity, shorter pore channel structure and the like. The grain size of the nano-scale Y-shaped molecular sieve is beneficial to improving the accessibility of an active center, effectively reducing the diffusion path of macromolecules in a molecular sieve pore channel and improving the diffusion efficiency. Especially, when the grain size is less than 100nm, the external specific surface area is obviously increased, the pore channel is obviously shortened, and the catalytic performance is greatly improved. However, the too small crystal grain size easily causes problems of crystal grain agglomeration, difficult solid-liquid separation, and the like, and affects the wide application thereof in industry. At present, the synthesis method of the nano-scale Y-type molecular sieve mainly adopts direct hydrothermal synthesis by utilizing a template agent, seed crystals or microwave, ultrasonic equipment intervention and the like.
CN100551825 discloses an initial gel preparation process under the gravity condition of a rotating bed, which is complex in process flow and not beneficial to large-scale industrial production. CN101723400 discloses a preparation method of a small-grain Y-type molecular sieve with the grain diameter of 100 nm-700 nm, and the small grains prepared by the synthesis method are highly dispersed, are not beneficial to separation and have lower yield. CN 10669860 discloses a method for preparing a nano Y molecular sieve by using an ultrasonic drying treatment, which can collect the product by filtration, but the synthesis process is complex and is not beneficial to industrial mass production. CN105621446 discloses a method for synthesizing a nano Y-shaped molecular sieve by using modified kaolin as a raw material, the grain size of the synthesized Y-shaped molecular sieve is smaller and is between 30 and 100nm, but the synthesized raw material is special, and the product yield is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a Y-type molecular sieve, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof in cracking, wherein the Y-type molecular sieve has more accessible areas and more accessible active sites, and the performance of the catalyst is remarkably improved when the molecular sieve is used in a hydrocracking process.
The Y-type molecular sieve has rhombohedral nanocrystals on the outer surface, and the size of the surface nanocrystals is 30-800 nm, preferably 50-500 nm. The specific surface area of the molecular sieve is 650-1000 m2A specific ratio of 700 to 900 m/g2(ii)/g; the total pore volume is 0.30 to 0.48ml/g, preferably 0.32 to 0.42 ml/g.
A preparation method of a Y-type molecular sieve comprises the following steps of preparing a molecular sieve synthetic solution containing a surfactant S and a low-carbon alcohol M, wherein the synthetic solution comprises the following components in molar terms:n(Na2O):n(Al2O3): n(SiO2):n (H2O):n(S):n(M) = 5-12: 1: 6-11: 180-320: 0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.6, and preferably, the solution composition is calculated by moln(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(S):n(M)=6~10:1:8~10:200~280:0.12~0.20:0.12~0.40。
In the above method, the surfactant S is a nonionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant (including a cationic surfactant and an anionic surfactant), an amphoteric surfactant or a complex surfactant, preferably an ionic surfactant, and more preferably CnH2n+1(CH3)3NBr。
In the above method, the lower alcohol M is a monohydric saturated alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc., preferably a monohydric saturated alcohol having less than 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably ethanol.
In the method, the molecular sieve synthetic solution generates gel, and the final molecular sieve is obtained after crystallization and drying. The crystallization temperature is 20-100 ℃, the crystallization time is 20-28 h, the drying temperature is 90-120 ℃, and the drying time is 8-24 h. The crystallization is preferably a multi-stage crystallization process from low temperature to high temperature, and preferably a two-stage constant temperature crystallization process. The two-stage constant temperature crystallization process comprises the following steps: the first-stage constant temperature is 20-60 ℃, preferably 30-50 ℃, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 8-168 hours, preferably 12-96 hours; the second section constant temperature is 60-100 ℃, preferably 70-90 ℃, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 5-120 hours, preferably 12-96 hours.
In the method, the heat treatment of the molecular sieve synthetic solution is carried out for 1-36 hours, preferably 5-28 hours at 25-45 ℃, preferably 30-40 ℃. The thermal treatment process facilitates the formation of an appropriate molecular sieve precursor.
The preparation process of the Y-type molecular sieve provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water to an aluminum source for dissolving, adding alkali for stirring until the solution is clear, continuously adding a surfactant S and low molecular alcohol M, slowly and uniformly stirring, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring;
(2) preheating the solution at a certain temperature for a certain time to form a solutionn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) = 5-12: 1: 6-11: 180-320: 0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.6, preferablyn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) = 6-10: 1: 8-10: 200-280: 0.12-0.20: 0.12-0.40, performing two-stage constant-temperature crystallization on the gel, washing the obtained solid product to be neutral, filtering and drying to obtain the target product.
In the step (1), the aluminum source comprises one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate and sodium aluminate, preferably sodium aluminate.
In the above method, the surfactant S is an ionic surfactant (including a cationic surfactant and an anionic surfactant), preferably a cationic surfactant, and more preferably CnH2n+1(CH3)3NBr。
In the above method, the lower alcohol is a monohydric saturated alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc., preferably a monohydric saturated alcohol having less than 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably ethanol.
In the above-mentioned process step (1), the surfactant S is an ionic surfactant, preferably a cationic surfactant, more preferably CnH2n+1(CH3)3NBr, wherein n can be 1-20.
In the step (1), the silicon source includes silica sol, water glass, silica gel, white carbon black, and the like, preferably silica sol; the aluminum source is sodium metaaluminate, aluminum sheet and aluminum sulfate, preferably sodium metaaluminate; the base is sodium hydroxide.
In the step (1), adding the surfactant S and the low molecular alcohol, and stirring for 0.5-4 h, preferably 0.5-2 h; and (3) adding a silicon source into the system, and stirring for 0.5-4 h, preferably 0.5-2 h. Wherein, the low molecular alcohol and the surfactant M act together to provide favorable conditions for the growth of the nanometer molecular sieve precursor.
In the step (2), the preheating temperature of the solution is 25-45 ℃; the time is 1 to 36 hours, preferably 5 to 28 hours.
In the step (2), the two-stage constant temperature crystallization process comprises: the first-stage constant temperature is 20-60 ℃, preferably 30-50 ℃, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 8-168 hours, preferably 12-96 hours; the second section constant temperature is 60-100 ℃, preferably 70-90 ℃, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 5-120 hours, preferably 12-96 hours.
The application of the Y-type molecular sieve in preparing a hydrocracking catalyst.
A hydrocracking catalyst comprises hydrogenation active metal, a Y-type molecular sieve and amorphous silicon-aluminum, wherein the hydrogenation active metal is one or more of VIB group Mo and W, and one or more of VIII group Co and Ni. Wherein the content of the Y-type molecular sieve is 30-70%, the content of the VIB group metal oxide is 12-18%, and the content of the VIII group metal oxide is 3-9%. (component content is relative to the total weight of the hydrocracking catalyst).
According to the method, the highly dispersed molecular sieve precursor is prepared, the rapid aggregation of the molecular sieve precursor is inhibited, and the final molecular sieve is formed by clustering and growing a plurality of nanocrystal Y-type molecular sieve particles to form the nano polycrystalline Y-type molecular sieve consisting of a plurality of nanocrystal particles. The nano crystal particles are stacked to form a nano cluster, and a mesoporous structure is formed among the crystal particles in the stacking process, so that the problems of low hydrothermal stability and difficult solid-liquid recovery of the nano molecular sieve can be solved, the nano crystal particles have the advantages of high specific surface area (especially external specific surface area) and short pore passage of the nano molecular sieve, the mesoporous structure provides a friendly reaction environment for macromolecules, and the catalytic performance of the nano Y-shaped molecular sieve is comprehensively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD diffractogram of the nano polycrystalline Y-type molecular sieve prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the nano polycrystalline Y-type molecular sieve prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the Y-type molecular sieve prepared in example 7.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of the Y-type molecular sieve prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The following examples and comparative examples are given to further illustrate the effects and effects of the method of the present invention, but the following examples are not intended to limit the method of the present invention, and all% are mass percentages unless otherwise specified in the present application.
Example 1
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) the solution was preheated at 35 ℃ for 16h, the composition of the solution formed beingn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =8:1:9:260:0.18:0.3, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
Example 2
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) preheating the solution at 45 deg.C for 12h to obtain a solution with a compositionn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =8:1:9:260:0.18:0.3, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target productThe target product. The first section has a constant temperature of 40 ℃ and a constant temperature crystallization time of 24 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 90 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 18 hr.
Example 3
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) the solution was preheated at 35 ℃ for 16h, the composition of the solution formed beingn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =8:1:9:260:0.15:0.4, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
Example 4
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) the solution was preheated at 35 ℃ for 16h, the composition of the solution formed beingn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =8:1:9:260:0.20:0.12, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
Example 5
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) the solution was preheated at 35 ℃ for 16h, the composition of the solution formed beingn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =5:1:11:300:0.10:0.10, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
Example 6
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) preheating the solution at 20 deg.C for 20 hr to obtain a solution with a composition ofn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =12:1:6:300:0.28:0.58, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
Example 7
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) the solution was preheated at 35 ℃ for 16h, the composition of the solution formed beingn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =8:1:9:260:0.18:0.3, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The constant temperature of the system is 70 ℃ or lessThe warm crystallization time was 120 hours.
Example 8
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB and ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) the solution composition isn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) =8:1:9:260:0.18:0.3, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
Comparative example 1
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring the mixture until the mixture is clear, continuously adding CTAB, slowly and uniformly stirring the mixture, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(2) the solution was preheated at 35 ℃ for 16h, the composition of the solution formed beingn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB) =8:1:9:260:0.18, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant temperature crystallization processes, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
Comparative example 2
(1) Under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water into sodium aluminate to dissolve the sodium aluminate, adding NaOH, stirring until the sodium aluminate is clear, continuously adding ethanol, slowly and uniformly stirring, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring;
(2) the solution was preheated at 35 ℃ for 16h, the composition of the solution formed beingn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O): n(C2H5OH) =8:1:9:260: 0.3, and the gel is subjected to two-stage constant-temperature crystallization, the obtained solid product is washed to be neutral, filtered and dried to obtain the target product. The first section has constant temperature of 30 ℃ and constant temperature crystallization time of 48 hours; the second stage constant temperature is 70 deg.C, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 48 hr.
The invention adopts a kneading method to prepare the catalyst, and the evaluation reaction process conditions are as follows: under the conditions that the reaction pressure is 12-18 MPa and the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 1: 1500. the volume airspeed is 0.5-1.5 h < -1 >, the nitrogen content of the refined oil is 5 mug/g, and the single-stage one-pass conversion rate of the cracking stage is controlled to be 65%.
The application of the rhombohedral nano Y-shaped molecular sieve in preparing the hydrocracking catalyst comprises the following steps:
the invention adopts a kneading method to prepare the hydrocracking catalyst. And (2) fully and uniformly mixing the synthesized rhombohedral nano Y-shaped molecular sieve, amorphous silicon-aluminum, VIB group metal oxide, VIII group metal oxide and sesbania powder under the bonding action of inorganic acid, rolling, forming, drying at 120 ℃ for 12-24 h, and roasting at 550 ℃ in a muffle furnace for 3-12 h to obtain the hydrocracking catalyst. The hydrocracking catalyst properties are shown in Table 2, the process conditions and feed oil properties are shown in Table 3, and the catalyst evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 1 structural Properties of the products of the examples and comparative examples
Figure 546905DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
TABLE 2 hydrocracking catalyst Properties
Figure 1
TABLE 3 hydrocracking catalyst evaluation of Process conditions and feedstock oil Properties
Figure 883394DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
TABLE 4 results of evaluation of hydrocracking catalysts
Figure 882574DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The evaluation experiment result shows that when the conversion rate is controlled to be 65%, compared with the catalyst prepared in the comparative example 1, the reaction temperature of the catalyst can be reduced by 4-16 ℃, the BMCI value of tail oil is reduced by 2.4-10.7, the yield of heavy naphtha is improved by 5-12%, and the content of naphthene with more than two rings can be reduced by 6-16%. The surface contact area of the rhombohedral nano Y-shaped molecular sieve obtained by the method is increased, the accessibility of active sites is improved, and the catalyst is beneficial to reactant reaction and product diffusion in the hydrocracking reaction process, so that the yield of heavy naphtha is improved, and the BMCI value of tail oil is reduced.

Claims (18)

1. A Y-type molecular sieve characterized by: the outer surface of the molecular sieve presents rhombohedral nanocrystals, and the size of the surface nanocrystals is 30-800 nm.
2. The molecular sieve of claim 1, characterized in that: the specific surface area of the molecular sieve is 650-1000 m2(ii)/g; the total pore volume is 0.30-0.48 ml/g.
3. A process for the preparation of the molecular sieve of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the sub-sieve synthetic fluid contains a surfactant S and a low-carbon alcohol M, and the synthetic fluid comprises the following solutions in mole:n(Na2O):n(Al2O3): n(SiO2):n (H2O):n(S):n(M)=5~12:1:6~11:180~320:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.6。
4. the method of claim 3, wherein: preferred composition of the solution on a molar basisn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(S):n(M)=6~10:1:8~10:200~280:0.12~0.20:0.12~0.40。
5. The method of claim 3, wherein: the surfactant S is a non-ionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant or a compound surfactant.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the surfactant S is CnH2n+1(CH3)3NBr。
7. The method of claim 3, wherein: the lower alcohol M is one of methanol, ethanol or propanol.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein: and crystallizing and drying the molecular sieve synthetic solution after gel is generated to obtain the final molecular sieve.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the crystallization temperature is 20-100 ℃, the crystallization time is 20-28 h, the drying temperature is 90-120 ℃, and the drying time is 8-24 h.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the crystallization is a multi-stage crystallization process from low temperature to high temperature.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein: two stages of constant temperature crystallization process are adopted.
12. The two-stage constant temperature crystallization process comprises the following steps: the first-stage constant temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the constant temperature crystallization time is 8-168 hours; the second section has a constant temperature of 60-100 ℃ and a constant temperature crystallization time of 5-120 hours.
13. The method of claim 3, wherein: and carrying out heat treatment on the molecular sieve synthetic solution at the temperature of 25-45 ℃ for 1-36 hours.
14. The method of claim 3, wherein: the preparation process of the Y-type molecular sieve is as follows:
(1) under the condition of stirring, adding distilled water to an aluminum source for dissolving, adding alkali for stirring until the solution is clear, continuously adding a surfactant S and low molecular alcohol M, slowly and uniformly stirring, adding a silicon source into the system, and uniformly stirring;
(2) preheating the solution at a certain temperature for a certain time to form a solutionn(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O):n(CTAB):n(C2H5OH) = 5-12: 1: 6-11: 180-320: 0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.6, performing two-stage constant-temperature crystallization on the gel, washing the obtained solid product to be neutral, filtering and drying to obtain the target product.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein: in the step (1), the aluminum source comprises one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate and sodium aluminate.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein: in the step (1), adding a surfactant S and low molecular alcohol, and stirring for 0.5-4 h; and adding a silicon source into the system, and stirring for 0.5-4 h.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein: in the step (2), the preheating temperature of the solution is 25-45 ℃; the time is 1-36 hours.
18. Use of the molecular sieve of claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of a hydrocracking catalyst.
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