CN113073991A - Roadway support method for extremely loose and broken rock mass of underground mine - Google Patents
Roadway support method for extremely loose and broken rock mass of underground mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113073991A CN113073991A CN202110399642.3A CN202110399642A CN113073991A CN 113073991 A CN113073991 A CN 113073991A CN 202110399642 A CN202110399642 A CN 202110399642A CN 113073991 A CN113073991 A CN 113073991A
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- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires
Abstract
The invention discloses a roadway support method for extremely loose and broken rock masses of underground mines, which is suitable for roadway support projects with strongly weathered rock masses, argillization when meeting water, conglobation when being pinched by hands and basically zero rock mass strength, wherein pipe seam type anchor rods in advanced support workpieces are inclined upwards, and pipe seam type anchor rods for different circulating footage constructions are overlapped with each other, so that the support effect on loose rock masses is better, an inverted bottom arch is connected with an upper support to form a closed structure, and the integral support effect is good; the roadway supporting method comprises the steps of designing the sectional shape of a roadway in sequence, then carrying out anchor rod advanced supporting, then carrying out primary supporting of the net-sprayed steel arch, and enabling the primary supporting and the secondary supporting to be separated by a certain distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine roadway support, in particular to a roadway support method for an extremely loose and broken rock mass of an underground mine.
Background
In the process of tunneling a metal mine underground mining roadway, the roadway excavation face is very difficult to support when rocks are very loose and broken, the number of crack faces is large, green curtain petrochemical cracked rocks are filled in cracks, marble rocks are filled locally, the interface is irregular, the rock strength is almost zero, the rock is argillization when meeting water, the integrity is extremely poor, the self-stability capability is not realized, and the collapse is easy to roof.
The similar broken rock mass support mode of the metal mine in China basically adopts steel arch frames or brickwork support, such as: the mine underground adopts steel arch frame support and outer layer guniting support, and the steel arch frame support belongs to passive support, so that the mine cannot bear pressure actively, and finally fails. And after the roadway support is deformed and fails, the roadway support is repaired again, so that the mining cost is increased, and the production period is delayed.
The tunnel surrounding rock engineering has poor geological conditions and low surrounding rock strength, causes great difficulty and high cost of the tunneling and supporting construction of the tunnel, and increases potential safety hazards if the supporting design is unreasonable. Therefore, a roadway supporting structure which can meet the supporting requirements of loose and broken rock masses, has high strength and simultaneously has supporting effect is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a roadway supporting method for an extremely loose and broken rock mass of an underground mine, which has the advantages of high overall strength and good supporting effect and solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a roadway support method for extremely loose broken rock mass of underground mine, the supporting construction includes advance support work piece, primary support work piece and secondary support work piece, primary support work piece covers in the outside of advance support work piece, the advance support work piece adopts the tube seam formula stock, the outside of primary support work piece covers the secondary support work piece, the primary support work piece includes reinforcing bar net, primary concrete layer and steel bow member, the reinforcing bar net is arranged on the lateral wall of roadway, the lateral wall and the roof surface of roadway all spray primary concrete layer, the primary concrete layer outer wall installation steel bow member of roof department of roadway, the outside of primary concrete layer covers the secondary support work piece, the secondary support work piece includes slip casting stock, reinforcing mesh, powerful stock, anti-backing arch, secondary concrete layer, compound spray layer and prestressed anchorage cable, slip casting stock, powerful stock and prestressed anchorage cable run through the primary support work piece and stretch into the roadway, the reinforcing net is preset at the outer side of the primary supporting workpiece, a secondary concrete layer is sprayed on the reinforcing net, the bottom end of the secondary concrete layer is connected with the inverted arch, the outer surfaces of the secondary concrete layer and the inverted arch are covered with a re-spraying layer, and the re-spraying layer is also in contact with the grouting anchor rod, the strong anchor rod and the pre-stressed anchor cable;
the supporting structure is supported according to the following method:
s1: roadway section excavation, wherein need reserve the deflection distance when excavating the tunnel, wherein reserve the deflection on net section size and be 100mm, need reserve on net section basis simultaneously and strut thickness 150mm, design roadway section is three-heart arch, anti-base arch form:
s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) advanced support of an anchor rod, wherein a pipe seam type anchor rod is adopted for advanced support, the pipe seam type anchor rod with the diameter of 40mm and the length of 2500mm is prefabricated, the pipe seam type anchor rod in an advanced support workpiece is inserted into the arch part of a top plate of a roadway, is inserted into the top plate of the roadway for 1.5m and is exposed for 1m, the footage of each cycle is not more than 1m, and the exposed part protects safety operation of personnel below the exposed part;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out primary support on the net-jet steel arch, wherein the construction sequence of the primary support is as follows: hanging a net, spraying slurry and supporting a steel arch frame;
a, hanging nets, namely paving reinforcing steel bar nets, wherein the reinforcing steel bar nets are made of 6mm reinforcing steel bars through welding, two adjacent reinforcing steel bar nets are mutually overlapped, the overlapping length of the two reinforcing steel bar nets is 100mm, and the overlapping positions of the two adjacent reinforcing steel bar nets are provided with double strands 12#The iron wire double-strand double-row buckles are bound and connected, and the lap joint of the bottom end of the reinforcing mesh is bound tightly by using a reinforcing steel bar ladder and the iron wire;
b, spraying slurry, namely preparing a primary concrete layer on the steel bar net, wherein the strength grade of the primary concrete layer is C25, the mixing ratio of cement, water and sand in the primary concrete layer is 1:2:2, and simultaneously adding an accelerator accounting for 3-5% of the total mass when preparing concrete slurry, wherein the thickness of the primary concrete layer is 50 mm;
the c steel arches are installed at the arc top of the roadway, the steel arches are made of U29 steel, the arrangement distance of the steel arches is 1m, the steel arches and the surrounding rock are compact, and the steel arches and the surrounding rock can be further compacted through guniting.
S4: secondary supporting, wherein the interval between the primary supporting and the secondary supporting is 20-50 m, and the construction sequence of the secondary supporting is as follows: anchor grouting, net hanging and guniting, inverted bottom arch, anchor rod driving, anchor cable driving and re-spraying;
a, performing anchor grouting, wherein the anchor grouting adopts a grouting anchor rod supporting process, a grouting anchor rod is manufactured by seamless steel tube thread rolling with the diameter of 22mm multiplied by 2200mm, the tail of the grouting anchor rod is manufactured into a twisted shape, the grouting anchor rod is used as both grouting and anchor rod, and the row spacing between the anchor rods is 800mm multiplied by 800 mm;
b, hanging net guniting, namely spraying concrete on the reinforcing nets, wherein the reinforcing nets are preset on the outer sides of primary supporting workpieces, two adjacent reinforcing nets are mutually overlapped, and the overlapped parts of the two adjacent reinforcing nets are provided with double strands 12#Binding and connecting the iron wire double-strand double-row buckles, and spraying the reinforcing net after the reinforcing net is fixed to form a secondary concrete layer, wherein the thickness of the secondary concrete layer is 70mm, and the strength grade of the secondary concrete layer is C25;
the inverted arch is made of U29 steel and C30 concrete, namely C30 concrete is paved on bent U29 steel, the surface of the C30 concrete is flat, the maximum thickness of the inverted arch is 500mm, the row spacing of the U29 steel is 1000mm, and the U29 steel of the inverted arch is connected with the upper section steel to form a closed structure, so that the structure is more stable, and the integral supporting effect is ensured;
d, bolting, namely installing and constructing a strong anchor rod, wherein the strong anchor rod is a high-performance deformed steel bar anchor rod with the trademark of BHRB500, the specification of the high-performance deformed steel bar anchor rod is phi 20mm multiplied by 2200mm, the spacing is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, and the diameter of an anchor rod hole is phi 28 mm;
e, beating an anchor cable, namely installing and constructing a pre-stressed anchor cable, wherein the pre-stressed anchor cable is made of 1 multiplied by 19 strands of high-strength low-relaxation pre-stressed steel strands and is a tension-compression dispersion type pre-stressed anchor cable; the diameter of the anchor cable is phi 22mm, and the length of the anchor cable is 6000 mm; the aperture is phi 28 mm;
and f, re-spraying, namely, performing re-spraying before finishing the secondary support to form a re-spraying layer, wherein the re-spraying layer protects the anchor cable and the grouting pipe, the concrete strength and the mix proportion of the re-spraying layer are the same as those of the secondary concrete layer, and the thickness value of the re-spraying layer is 30 mm.
Preferably, the pipe seam type anchor rod in the advance support workpiece is designed to be 1 m/footage, the anchor rod is subjected to advance support in each cycle, the total length of the pipe seam type anchor rod is 2.5m, and the overlapping length of footage in each cycle is 1.5 m.
Preferably, the pipe seam type anchor rods in the advance support workpiece are arranged along the arch part of the roadway, the distance between the pipe seam type anchor rods is 200mm, the pipe seam type anchor rods are inserted upwards in an inclined mode, and the inclination angle is 10-15 degrees.
Preferably, the mesh specification of the reinforcing mesh is 1720mm multiplied by 920mm, and the grid specification of the reinforcing mesh and the reinforcing mesh is 100mm multiplied by 100 mm.
Preferably, the bottom of the inverted arch is paved with a graticule formed by welding single-layer phi 6mm steel bars, and the lap joint length of the adjacent graticules is greater than 200 mm.
Preferably, 1 roll of Z2330 type resin explosive roll is adopted for temporary anchoring during installation of the grouting anchor rod, the pre-tightening torque is not lower than 300 N.m, the tray is an arch-shaped high-strength tray with the specification of 150mm multiplied by 12mm, single-liquid cement-water glass slurry is adopted for grouting, 42.5-grade ordinary portland cement is used for cement, the water cement ratio is controlled to be about 0.8-1.0, the mixing amount of the water glass is 3-5% of the using amount of the cement, the calculus rate of the slurry is not lower than 92%, the solidification strength of the slurry is not lower than 20MPa, and the grouting pressure is controlled to be within 2.0 MPa.
Preferably, 1 roll of Z2350 type resin explosive roll and 1 roll of K2350 type resin explosive roll are adopted for lengthening and anchoring during the installation of the strong anchor rod, the anchoring force is not lower than 110kN, the pre-tightening torque is not lower than 300 N.m, the tray is an arch-shaped high-strength tray with the specification of 150mm multiplied by 12mm, and each anchor rod is provided with a pressure yielding pipe.
Preferably, when the strong anchor rod is installed, the top plate and the two anchor rods are connected through a steel bar ladder, the steel bar ladder is formed by welding phi 14mm steel bars, the steel bar ladder is divided into pieces, and the size of the steel bar ladder is 2400mm multiplied by 80 mm.
Preferably, the prestressed anchor cables are arranged at the root along the arch part of the roadway, the row spacing of the prestressed anchor cables is 800mm multiplied by 1600mm, and the length value of the prestressed anchor cables is larger than the length values of the grouting anchor rods and the strong anchor rods.
Preferably, 1 roll of the quick K2350 resin cartridge and 2 rolls of the medium speed Z2350 resin cartridge are adopted for lengthening and anchoring the prestressed anchor cable during installation, the ultimate bearing capacity is 607kN, the elongation rate is 7%, the prestressed anchor cable is tensioned, fixed and cut by adopting a high-strength adjustable center tray and a special anchor and equipment, and the prestress of the prestressed anchor cable is not lower than 150 kN.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine is suitable for roadway support engineering with the rock mass strongly weathered, gelatinized when meeting water and conglobated when being pinched by hands and the rock mass strength basically zero, the support sequence sequentially comprises an advance support workpiece, a primary support workpiece and a secondary support workpiece, a pipe seam type anchor rod in the advance support workpiece is inclined upwards, and pipe seam type anchor rods in different circulating footage construction are overlapped with each other, so that the support effect on the loose rock mass is better, the inverted bottom arch is connected with an upper support to form a closed structure, and the integral support effect is good; the method of roadway support is characterized in that roadway sections are excavated in sequence, the designed roadway sections are in a three-center arch form and an inverted bottom arch form, then anchor rod advanced support is carried out, pipe seam type anchor rods are adopted for advance support, then net-jet steel arch frame primary support is carried out, the interval between the primary support and the secondary support is 20-50 m, and the construction sequence of the secondary support is as follows: the whole complete supporting method can realize the permanent stability of the metal mine roadway engineering support, improve the roadway support construction quality, reduce the roadway repair rate and further reduce the supporting cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention after secondary bracing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention after primary bracing;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the invention at A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the advanced support of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the primary support of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall process of roadway support according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a primary supporting process of the roadway support of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a secondary supporting process of the roadway support of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. supporting a workpiece in advance; 2. primarily supporting a workpiece; 21. a reinforcing mesh; 22. a primary concrete layer; 23. a steel arch frame; 3. secondary supporting of the workpiece; 31. grouting an anchor rod; 32. a reinforcing mesh; 33. strong anchor rods; 34. an inverted arch; 35. a secondary concrete layer; 36. spraying a layer again; 37. and (4) pre-stressed anchor cables.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a roadway supporting method for extremely loose and broken rock mass of underground mine, the supporting structure comprises a forepoling workpiece 1, a primary supporting workpiece 2 and a secondary supporting workpiece 3, the implementation time of the supporting sequence is the forepoling workpiece 1, the primary supporting workpiece 2 and the secondary supporting workpiece 3 in sequence, wherein the interval between the primary supporting and the secondary supporting is 20-50 m, the primary supporting workpiece 2 covers the outer side of the forepoling workpiece 1, the forepoling workpiece 1 adopts a pipe seam type anchor rod, the pipe seam type anchor rod in the forepoling workpiece 1 is arranged along the arch part of the roadway, the distance between the pipe seam type anchor rods is 200mm, the pipe seam type anchor rod is inserted in an inclined upward direction, the inclination angle is 10-15 degrees, the pipe seam type anchor rod in the forepoling workpiece 1 adopts a 1 m/footage design, each cycle carries out forepoling, the pipe seam type anchor rods of different cycle footage constructions are, the overlapping length of the pipe seam type anchor rods is 1.5m, so that the loose rock mass supporting effect is better, the secondary supporting workpiece 3 covers the outer side of the primary supporting workpiece 2, the primary supporting workpiece 2 comprises reinforcing meshes 21, a primary concrete layer 22 and a steel arch 23, the grid specification of the reinforcing meshes 21 is 100mm multiplied by 100mm, the overlapping length of two adjacent reinforcing meshes 21 is 100mm, the reinforcing meshes 21 are arranged on the side wall of a roadway, the primary concrete layer 22 is sprayed on the surface of the side wall and the top wall of the roadway, the reinforcing meshes 21 are used as the framework of the primary concrete layer 22 and are convenient to adhere to the primary concrete layer 22, the steel arch 23 is arranged on the outer wall of the primary concrete layer 22 at the top wall of the roadway, the steel arch 23 is a member made of U29 steel, the arrangement distance between the steel arch 23 and surrounding rocks is 1m, the steel arch 23 is compacted or is compacted through slurry spraying, the steel arch 23 plays a supporting role, and ensures the vertical primary supporting effect, the outer side of the primary concrete layer 22 is covered with a secondary supporting workpiece 3, the secondary supporting workpiece 3 comprises a grouting anchor rod 31, a reinforcing mesh 32, a strong anchor rod 33, an inverted arch 34, a secondary concrete layer 35, a re-spraying layer 36 and a prestressed anchor cable 37, the grouting anchor rod 31, the strong anchor rod 33 and the prestressed anchor cable 37 penetrate through the primary supporting workpiece 2 and extend into a roadway, 3 prestressed anchor cables 37 are arranged along the arch of the roadway, the spacing distance between the prestressed anchor cables 37 is 800mm multiplied by 1600mm, the length value of the prestressed anchor cable 37 is larger than the length values of the grouting anchor rod 31 and the strong anchor rod 33, the grid specification of the reinforcing mesh 32 is 100mm multiplied by 100mm, the reinforcing mesh 32 is preset at the outer side of the primary supporting workpiece 2, the secondary concrete layer 35 is sprayed on the reinforcing mesh 32, wherein the thickness value of the secondary concrete layer 35 is larger than that of the primary concrete layer 22, the bottom end of the secondary concrete layer 35 is connected with the inverted arch 34, the inverted arch 34 is a member made of U29 steel, a graticule welded by steel bars is laid below the inverted arch 34, the inverted arch 34 is connected with an upper support to form a closed structure, the integral supporting effect is good, a layer of re-spraying layer 36 covers the outer surfaces of the secondary concrete layer 35 and the inverted arch 34, the re-spraying layer 36 is also contacted with the grouting anchor rod 31, the strong anchor rod 33 and the pre-stressed anchor cable 37, the re-spraying layer 36 can protect the anchor cable and the grouting pipe, wherein the contact ends of the grouting anchor rod 31, the strong anchor rod 33 and the pre-stressed anchor cable 37 and the re-spraying layer 36 are connected through a steel bar ladder, so that the strength can be increased, and the integral supporting effect can be ensured;
referring to fig. 7-8, the supporting structure is supported according to the following method:
the first step is as follows: roadway section excavation, wherein need reserve the deflection distance when excavating the tunnel, wherein reserve the deflection on net section size and be 100mm, need reserve on net section basis simultaneously and strut thickness 150mm, design roadway section is three-heart arch, anti-base arch form:
the second step is that: the anchor rod advanced support is implemented by adopting a pipe seam type anchor rod for advanced support, the pipe seam type anchor rod with the diameter of 40mm and the length of 2500mm is prefabricated, the pipe seam type anchor rod in the advanced support workpiece 1 is inserted into the arch part of the top plate of the roadway, is inserted into the top plate of the roadway for 1.5m and is exposed for 1m, the footage of each circulation is not more than 1m, and the exposed part protects the safety operation of personnel below the exposed part;
the third step: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out primary support on the net-jet steel arch, wherein the construction sequence of the primary support is as follows: hanging a net, spraying slurry and supporting a steel arch frame;
a, hanging a net, namely paving the reinforcing steel bar nets 21, wherein the specification of the net sheets of the reinforcing steel bar nets 21 is 1720mm multiplied by 920mm, the reinforcing steel bar nets 21 are made by welding reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 6mm, two adjacent reinforcing steel bar nets 21 are mutually lapped, the lapping length of the two reinforcing steel bar nets 21 is 100mm, and the lapping parts of the two adjacent reinforcing steel bar nets 21 are lapped by using double strands 12#The iron wire double-strand double-row buckles are bound and connected, and the lap joint of the bottom end of the reinforcing mesh 21 is bound tightly by using a reinforcing steel bar ladder and the iron wire;
b, spraying slurry, namely preparing a primary concrete layer 22 on the reinforcing mesh 21, wherein the strength grade of the primary concrete layer 22 is C25, the mixing ratio of cement, water and sand in the primary concrete layer 22 is 1:2:2, an accelerator accounting for 3-5% of the total mass is doped when the concrete slurry is prepared, and the thickness of the primary concrete layer 22 is 50 mm;
the c steel arches are that the steel arch 23 is installed at the arc top of the roadway, the steel arch 23 is made of U29 steel, the arrangement distance of the steel arch 23 is 1m, the steel arch 23 and the surrounding rock are compact, and the steel arch 23 and the surrounding rock can be compact through guniting.
The fourth step: secondary supporting, wherein the interval between the primary supporting and the secondary supporting is 20-50 m, and the construction sequence of the secondary supporting is as follows: anchor grouting, net hanging and guniting, inverted bottom arch, anchor rod driving, anchor cable driving and re-spraying;
a, performing anchor grouting, wherein the anchor grouting adopts a grouting anchor rod 31 supporting process, the grouting anchor rod 31 is manufactured by adopting phi 22mm multiplied by 2200mm seamless steel tube thread rolling, the rod tail of the grouting anchor rod 31 is manufactured into a twist shape, the grouting anchor rod 31 is used as both grouting and anchor rod, and the row spacing between the anchor rods is 800mm multiplied by 800 mm; when the grouting anchor rod 31 is installed, 1 roll of Z2330 type resin explosive roll is adopted for temporary anchoring, the pre-tightening torque is not lower than 300 N.m, the tray is an arch-shaped high-strength tray with the specification of 150mm multiplied by 12mm, single-liquid cement-water glass slurry is adopted for grouting, 42.5-grade ordinary portland cement is used for cement, the water cement ratio is controlled to be about 0.8-1.0, the mixing amount of the water glass is 3-5% of the using amount of the cement, the concretion rate of the slurry is not lower than 92%, the concretion strength of the slurry is not lower than 20MPa, and the grouting pressure is controlled to be within 2.0 MPa;
b, hanging net guniting, namely, spraying concrete on the reinforcing nets 32, wherein the reinforcing nets 32 are preset on the outer sides of the primary supporting workpieces 2, two adjacent reinforcing nets 32 are mutually overlapped, and the overlapped part of two adjacent reinforcing nets 32 uses the double strands 12#Binding and connecting the iron wire double-strand double-row buckle, spraying to manufacture a secondary concrete layer 35 after the reinforcing net 32 is fixed, wherein the thickness of the secondary concrete layer 35 is 70mm, and the strength grade of the secondary concrete layer 35 is C25;
c, an inverted arch, wherein the inverted arch 34 is made of U29 steel and C30 concrete, namely C30 concrete is paved on bent U29 steel, the surface of the C30 concrete is smooth, the maximum thickness of the inverted arch 34 is 500mm, the row spacing of the U29 steel is 1000mm, the U29 steel of the inverted arch 34 is connected with upper section steel to form a closed structure, the structure is more stable, the integral supporting effect is ensured, a graticule welded by single-layer phi 6mm steel bars is paved below the inverted arch 34, and the lap joint length of adjacent graticules is more than 200 mm;
d, bolting, namely installing and constructing a strong anchor rod 33, wherein the strong anchor rod 33 adopts a high-performance deformed steel bar anchor rod with the trademark of BHRB500, the specification of the high-performance deformed steel bar anchor rod is phi 20mm multiplied by 2200mm, the spacing is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, and the diameter of an anchor rod hole is phi 28 mm; when the strong anchor rods 33 are installed, 1 roll of Z2350 type resin cartridge and 1 roll of K2350 type resin cartridge are lengthened for anchoring, the anchoring force is not lower than 110kN, the pre-tightening torque is not lower than 300 N.m, the tray is an arch-shaped high-strength tray with the specification of 150mm multiplied by 12mm, and each anchor rod is provided with a pressure yielding pipe; when the strong anchor rod 33 is installed, the top plate and the two anchor rods are connected through a steel bar ladder, the steel bar ladder is formed by welding steel bars with the diameter of 14mm, the number of the steel bar ladders is 3, and the size of the steel bar ladder is 2400mm multiplied by 80 mm;
e, beating an anchor cable, namely installing and constructing a pre-stressed anchor cable 37, wherein the pre-stressed anchor cable 37 is made of 1 multiplied by 19 strands of high-strength low-relaxation pre-stressed steel strands and is a tension-compression dispersion type pre-stressed anchor cable; the diameter of the anchor cable is phi 22mm, and the length of the anchor cable is 6000 mm; the aperture is phi 28 mm; 3 prestressed anchor cables 37 are arranged along the arch part of the roadway, the row spacing of the prestressed anchor cables 37 is 800mm multiplied by 1600mm, and the length value of the prestressed anchor cables 37 is larger than the length values of the grouting anchor rods 31 and the strong anchor rods 33; when the prestressed anchor cable 37 is installed, 1 roll of quick K2350 resin cartridge and 2 rolls of medium speed Z2350 resin cartridge are adopted for lengthening and anchoring, the ultimate bearing capacity is 607kN, the elongation rate is 7%, the prestressed anchor cable 37 adopts a high-strength adjustable center tray and a special anchorage device to perform tensioning, fixing and cutting, and the prestress of the prestressed anchor cable 37 is not lower than 150 kN;
and f, re-spraying, namely, performing re-spraying before finishing the secondary support to form a re-spraying layer 36, wherein the re-spraying layer 36 protects the anchor cable and the grouting pipe, the concrete strength and the mixing proportion of the re-spraying layer 36 are the same as those of the secondary concrete layer 35, and the thickness value of the re-spraying layer 36 is 30 mm.
The roadway support method for extremely loose and broken rock masses of underground mines is suitable for roadway support projects with rock masses which are strongly weathered, are gelatinized when meeting water and are kneaded into a ball by hands and have basically zero rock mass strength, the support sequence is sequentially an advance support workpiece 1, a primary support workpiece 2 and a secondary support workpiece 3, the primary support workpiece 2 covers the outer side of the advance support workpiece 1, the advance support workpiece 1 is arranged along the arch part of the roadway, pipe seam type anchor rods in the advance support workpiece 1 are upwards inclined by 10-15 degrees, and the pipe seam type anchor rods for different circulation advance construction are mutually overlapped, so that the support effect on loose rock masses is better, the secondary support workpiece 3 covers the outer side of the primary support workpiece 2, the primary support workpiece 2 comprises a reinforcing mesh 21, a primary concrete layer 22 and a steel arch 23, the reinforcing mesh 21 is used as a framework of the primary concrete layer 22 and is convenient for the adhesion of the primary concrete layer 22, the steel arch 23 plays a supporting role, the secondary supporting workpiece 3 covers the outer side of the primary concrete layer 22, the secondary supporting workpiece 3 comprises a grouting anchor rod 31, a reinforcing mesh 32, a strong anchor rod 33, an inverted bottom arch 34, a secondary concrete layer 35, a re-spraying layer 36 and a pre-stressed anchor cable 37, the inverted bottom arch 34 is connected with an upper support to form a closed structure, the overall supporting effect is good, the re-spraying layer 36 can protect the anchor cable and a grouting pipe, contact ends of the grouting anchor rod 31, the strong anchor rod 33 and the pre-stressed anchor cable 37 and the re-spraying layer 36 are connected through a steel bar ladder, and the overall supporting effect can be guaranteed while the strength is increased. The method of roadway support is that roadway section excavation is in proper order, need excavate the initial roadway that the capillary section size is 3000mm x 2850mm promptly, and the design roadway section is three-core arch, anti-bottom arch form, carries out stock advance support after that, wherein adopts the tube seam formula stock to carry out advance support, and the tube seam formula stock in the advance support work piece 1 inserts the tunnel outside, then carries out the net and spouts the first support of steel bow member, and the construction order of first support is: hanging the net, the whitewashing, prop up the steel bow member, hang the net and lay reinforcing bar net 21 promptly, the whitewashing prepares primary concrete layer 22 on reinforcing bar net 21 promptly, prop up the steel bow member and install steel bow member 23 in tunnel arc top department promptly, primary support and secondary support interval 20 ~ 50m, the construction order of secondary support is: anchor grouting, net hanging and guniting, inverted bottom arch, anchor rod driving, anchor cable driving and re-spraying; the anchor grouting adopts a grouting anchor rod 31 supporting process, then net hanging and guniting are carried out, namely concrete is sprayed on a reinforcing net 32, then inverted arch construction is carried out, an inverted arch 34 is made of U29 section steel and C30 concrete, then an anchor rod is hammered, namely a strong anchor rod 33 is hammered in, then an anchor rope is hammered in, namely a prestressed anchor cable 37 is hammered in, finally re-spraying is carried out, namely re-guniting is carried out before secondary supporting is completed, a re-spraying layer 36 is formed, the anchor rope and a grouting pipe are protected by the re-spraying layer 36, the permanent stability of metal mine roadway engineering supporting can be realized by the whole complete supporting method, the roadway supporting construction quality is improved, the roadway repair rate is reduced, and the supporting cost is reduced.
In conclusion, the roadway supporting method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine, which is provided by the invention, comprises the advanced supporting workpiece 1, the primary supporting workpiece 2 and the secondary supporting workpiece 3 in sequence, wherein the pipe seam type anchor rods in the advanced supporting workpiece 1 are upwards inclined by 10-15 degrees, and the pipe seam type anchor rods in different circulating footage constructions are mutually overlapped, so that the supporting effect on the loose rock mass is better, the inverted bottom arch 34 is connected with the upper support to form a closed structure, and the integral supporting effect is good; the method of roadway support is characterized in that roadway sections are excavated in sequence, the designed roadway sections are in a three-center arch form and an inverted bottom arch form, then anchor rod advanced support is carried out, pipe seam type anchor rods are adopted for advance support, then net-jet steel arch frame primary support is carried out, the interval between the primary support and the secondary support is 20-50 m, and the construction sequence of the secondary support is as follows: the whole complete supporting method can realize the permanent stability of the metal mine roadway engineering support, improve the roadway support construction quality, reduce the roadway repair rate and further reduce the supporting cost.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A roadway support method for extremely loose and broken rock mass of an underground mine is characterized in that a support structure comprises a forepoling workpiece (1), a primary support workpiece (2) and a secondary support workpiece (3), the primary support workpiece (2) covers the outer side of the forepoling workpiece (1), the forepoling workpiece (1) adopts a pipe seam type anchor rod, the outer side of the primary support workpiece (2) covers the secondary support workpiece (3), the primary support workpiece (2) comprises a steel mesh sheet (21), a primary concrete layer (22) and a steel arch frame (23), the steel mesh sheet (21) is arranged on the side wall of a roadway, the primary concrete layer (22) is sprayed on the side wall and the top wall surface of the roadway, the steel arch frame (23) is installed on the outer wall of the primary concrete layer (22) at the top wall roadway, the outer side of the primary concrete layer (22) covers the secondary support workpiece (3), the secondary supporting workpiece (3) comprises a grouting anchor rod (31), a reinforcing mesh (32), a strong anchor rod (33), an inverted arch (34), a secondary concrete layer (35), a re-spraying layer (36) and a pre-stressed anchor cable (37), the grouting anchor rod (31), the strong anchor rod (33) and the pre-stressed anchor cable (37) penetrate through the primary supporting workpiece (2) and extend into a roadway soil layer, the reinforcing mesh (32) is preset on the outer side of the primary supporting workpiece (2), the secondary concrete layer (35) is sprayed on the reinforcing mesh (32), the bottom end of the secondary concrete layer (35) is connected with the inverted arch (34), the outer surfaces of the secondary concrete layer (35) and the inverted arch (34) are covered with a re-spraying layer (36), and the re-spraying layer (36) is also in contact with the grouting anchor rod (31), the strong anchor rod (33) and the pre-stressed anchor cable (37);
the supporting structure is supported according to the following method:
s1: roadway section excavation, wherein need reserve the deflection distance when excavating the tunnel, wherein reserve the deflection on net section size and be 100mm, need reserve on net section basis simultaneously and strut thickness 150mm, design roadway section is three-heart arch, anti-base arch form:
s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) anchor rod advanced support, wherein a pipe seam type anchor rod is adopted for advanced support, the pipe seam type anchor rod with the diameter of 40mm and the length of 2500mm is prefabricated, the pipe seam type anchor rod in an advanced support workpiece (1) is inserted into the arch part of a roadway top plate and is inserted into the roadway top plate for 1.5m, the pipe seam type anchor rod is exposed for 1m, the advancing length of each circulation is not more than 1m, and the exposed part protects safety operation of personnel below the exposed part;
s3: the anchor net spouts the first support of steel bow member, and the construction order of first support is: hanging a net, spraying slurry and supporting a steel arch frame;
a, hanging nets, namely paving reinforcing steel bar nets (21), wherein the reinforcing steel bar nets (21) are made of 6 mm-diameter reinforcing steel bars through welding, two adjacent reinforcing steel bar nets (21) are mutually overlapped, the overlapping length of the two reinforcing steel bar nets (21) is 100mm, and the overlapping parts of the two adjacent reinforcing steel bar nets (21) are formed by using double strands 12#The iron wire double-strand double-row buckles are bound and connected, and the lap joint of the bottom end of the reinforcing mesh (21) is bound tightly by using a reinforcing steel bar ladder and the iron wire;
b, spraying slurry, namely preparing a primary concrete layer (22) on the reinforcing mesh (21), wherein the strength grade of the primary concrete layer (22) is C25, the mixing ratio of cement, water and sand in the primary concrete layer (22) is 1:2:2, an accelerator accounting for 3-5% of the total mass is doped during the preparation of concrete slurry, and the thickness of the primary concrete layer (22) is 50 mm;
the c steel arches are characterized in that the steel arches (23) are installed at the top of the roadway arc, the steel arches (23) are made of U29 steel, the arrangement distance of the steel arches (23) is 1m, the steel arches (23) and the surrounding rock are compact, and the steel arches (23) and the surrounding rock can be compacted through guniting.
S4: secondary supporting, wherein the interval between the primary supporting and the secondary supporting is 20-50 m, and the construction sequence of the secondary supporting is as follows: anchor grouting, net hanging and guniting, inverted bottom arch, anchor rod driving, anchor cable driving and re-spraying;
a, performing anchor grouting, wherein the anchor grouting adopts a grouting anchor rod (31) support process, the grouting anchor rod (31) is manufactured by seamless steel pipe thread rolling with the diameter of 22mm multiplied by 2200mm, the tail of the grouting anchor rod (31) is manufactured into a twist shape, the grouting anchor rod (31) is used as both grouting and anchor rod, and the row spacing between the anchor rods is 800mm multiplied by 800 mm;
b, hanging net guniting, namely, spraying concrete on the reinforcing nets (32), wherein the reinforcing nets (32) are preset on the outer sides of the primary supporting workpieces (2), two adjacent reinforcing nets (32) are mutually overlapped, and the overlapped parts of the two adjacent reinforcing nets (32) are overlapped by using the double strands 12#Binding and connecting the iron wire double-strand double-row buckle, after the reinforcing net (32) is fixed, spraying the reinforcing net to form a secondary concrete layer (35), wherein the thickness of the secondary concrete layer (35) is 70mm, and the strength grade of the secondary concrete layer (35) is C25;
c, an inverted arch, wherein the inverted arch (34) is made of U29 steel and C30 concrete, namely C30 concrete is paved on bent U29 steel, the surface of the C30 concrete is smooth, the maximum thickness of the inverted arch (34) is 500mm, the row spacing of the U29 steel is 1000mm, and the U29 steel of the inverted arch (34) is connected with the upper section steel to form a closed structure, so that the structure is more stable, and the integral supporting effect is ensured;
d, bolting, namely installing and constructing a strong anchor rod (33), wherein the strong anchor rod (33) adopts a high-performance deformed steel bar anchor rod with the brand number of BHRB500, the specification of the high-performance deformed steel bar anchor rod is phi 20mm multiplied by 2200mm, the spacing is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, and the diameter of an anchor rod hole is phi 28 mm;
e, beating an anchor cable, namely installing and constructing a pre-stressed anchor cable (37), wherein the pre-stressed anchor cable (37) is made of 1 multiplied by 19 strands of high-strength low-relaxation pre-stressed steel strands and is a tension-compression dispersion type pre-stressed anchor cable; the diameter of the anchor cable is phi 22mm, and the length of the anchor cable is 6000 mm; the aperture is phi 28 mm;
and f, re-spraying, namely, performing re-spraying before finishing the secondary support to form a re-spraying layer (36), wherein the re-spraying layer (36) protects the anchor cable and the grouting pipe, the concrete strength and the mixing ratio of the re-spraying layer (36) are the same as those of the secondary concrete layer (35), and the thickness value of the re-spraying layer (36) is 30 mm.
2. The roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe seam type anchor rod in the advance support workpiece (1) is designed in a mode of 1 m/footage, the anchor rod is subjected to advance support in each cycle, the total length of the pipe seam type anchor rod is 2.5m, and the overlapping length of each cycle footage is 1.5 m.
3. The roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine according to claim 4, characterized in that the tube seam type anchor rods in the advance support workpiece (1) are arranged along the arch part of the roadway, the distance between the tube seam type anchor rods is 200mm, the tube seam type anchor rods are inserted obliquely upwards, and the inclination angle is 10-15 degrees.
4. The roadway support method for the underground mine extremely loose and broken rock mass, as recited in claim 1, is characterized in that the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh (21) is 1720mm x 920mm, and the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh (21) and the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh (32) are both 100mm x 100 mm.
5. The roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine according to claim 1, characterized in that a graticule welded by single-layer phi 6mm steel bars is laid below the inverted bottom arch (34), and the lap joint length of the adjacent graticules is more than 200 mm.
6. The roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grouting anchor rod (31) is temporarily anchored by 1 roll of Z2330 type resin cartridge when being installed, the pre-tightening torque is not less than 300 N.m, the tray is an arch-shaped high-strength tray with the specification of 150mm x 12mm, the grouting adopts single-liquid cement-water glass slurry, 42.5-grade ordinary portland cement is used as the cement, the water cement ratio is controlled to be about 0.8-1.0, the mixing amount of the water glass is 3-5% of the cement dosage, the slurry calculus rate is not less than 92%, the slurry consolidation strength is not less than 20MPa, and the grouting pressure is controlled to be within 2.0 MPa.
7. The roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine according to claim 1, characterized in that 1 roll of Z2350 type and 1 roll of K2350 type resin explosive rolls are adopted for lengthening and anchoring during the installation of the strong anchor rods (33), the anchoring force is not lower than 110kN, the pre-tightening torque is not lower than 300 N.m, the tray is an arch-shaped high-strength tray with the specification of 150mm x 12mm, and each anchor rod is provided with a pressure relief pipe.
8. The roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the strong anchor rods (33) are installed, the top plate and the two anchor rods are connected through reinforcing steel ladders, the reinforcing steel ladders are formed by welding reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 14mm, the number of the reinforcing steel ladders is 3, and the size of each reinforcing steel ladder is 2400mm x 80 mm.
9. The roadway support method for the underground mine extremely loose and broken rock mass, as recited in claim 1, characterized in that 3 prestressed anchor cables (37) are arranged along the arch of the roadway, the row spacing of the prestressed anchor cables (37) is 800mm x 1600mm, and the length value of the prestressed anchor cables (37) is greater than the length values of the grouting anchor rods (31) and the strong anchor rods (33).
10. The roadway support method for the extremely loose and broken rock mass of the underground mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the prestressed anchor cable (37) is installed by lengthening and anchoring with 1 roll of quick K2350 resin and 2 rolls of medium speed Z2350 resin explosive rolls, the ultimate bearing capacity is 607kN, the elongation is 7%, the prestressed anchor cable (37) is tensioned, fixed and cut by a high-strength adjustable center tray and special anchors and equipment, and the prestress of the prestressed anchor cable (37) is not lower than 150 kN.
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