CN1130715A - 加压空气排气处理系统 - Google Patents

加压空气排气处理系统 Download PDF

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CN1130715A
CN1130715A CN95121318A CN95121318A CN1130715A CN 1130715 A CN1130715 A CN 1130715A CN 95121318 A CN95121318 A CN 95121318A CN 95121318 A CN95121318 A CN 95121318A CN 1130715 A CN1130715 A CN 1130715A
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flywheel
engine
catalyst
forced air
exhaust
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C·M·迪明斯
D·B·奥奈尔
M·T·发维尔
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2046—Periodically cooling catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/002—Apparatus adapted for particular uses, e.g. for portable devices driven by machines or engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/082—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/34—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air conduits or jet air pumps, e.g. near the engine exhaust port
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P1/00—Air cooling
    • F01P1/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads, e.g. ducting cooling-air from its pressure source to cylinders or along cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/02—Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers
    • F01P5/06—Guiding or ducting air to, or from, ducted fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/02—Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers
    • F01P5/08—Use of engine exhaust gases for pumping cooling-air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/02—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
    • F01N2260/022—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/30—Tubes with restrictions, i.e. venturi or the like, e.g. for sucking air or measuring mass flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/06—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hand-held tools or portables devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明包括其上可运转地连着飞轮的小型发动机，飞轮随着发动机的转动而转动。在飞轮上的通风叶片起着压缩空气的风扇的作用并提供加压空气。围绕着飞轮的导管将加压空气引过缸体散热片以冷却发动机。高温排气经排气歧管离开发动机并通过一文式管。连续套筒将加压空气从飞轮引向文式管并在进入催化转换器前与排气混合。其余加压空气绕催化转换器的壳体流过，对催化转换器的高温起着隔热体/传热剂的作用。在催化转换器之后的混合室可让附加加压空气和排气在从尾管释放到大气以前混合于可接受的温度下。

Description

加压空气排气处理系统
本发明涉及采用加压空气排气处理的系统和产品，特别是涉及小型发动机用途的加压空气排气处理。
目前，政府规则要求控制排气温度，并且在不久的将来将要求控制小型发动机的排放物及挥发排放物。为满足排放标准，催化转换器将被加于小型机装置上。这些催化转换器大都可在高温下有效地工作并产生相应的高温排气。另外，催化转换器在某一规定的空气/燃料比和某一规定的温度范围内工作效率最高。假如发动机进气，最终所得排气，空气/燃料的控制不能保持在排气中规定的比例，那么，排放物的量将随着催化转换器效率的降低而增加。可惜的是，发动机的最佳性能是在比最佳催化转换器效率所需的空气/燃料比更浓的空气/燃料比下获得的。列目前为止，致力于解决这些独特的常常是矛盾的性能要求的任何系统尚未开发出来。
本发明克服了现有技术的许多缺点。
本发明包括可运转地连有飞轮的小型发动机，飞轮随着发动机的转动而转动。在飞轮上的通风用叶片起着压缩空气的风扇的作用并提供加压空气。围绕飞轮的导管将加压空气引过发动机机体的散热片来冷却发动机。高温排气经一排气歧管离开发动机并通过一机械的或电气可控的文式管。围绕着发动机和歧管的连续的套筒将加压空气从飞轮引向可控文式管并在进入催化转换器之前与排气混合。其余加压空气绕催化转换器壳体流过，并对催化转换器的高温起着绝热体/传热剂的作用。在催化转换器之后的混合室可让附加加压空气和排气在从尾管释放入大气之前温合至可接受的温度。
本发明的这些或其它目的，特征和优点从以下对图的简要说明，详细描述，所附权利要求和附图将可一目了然。
附图示出了本发明的小型发动机用途的加压空气排气处理系统。该系统包括一小型发动机10，最好是0.1马力至25马力以下，该机包括限定一发动机气缸并载有一活塞(未示出)和包括一火花塞13的机体12。最好机体包括用于冷却发动机的在其外表面上的散热片14。一飞轮16可运转地连在发动机上，其随发动机转动而转动。排风叶片18布于飞轮上，当发动机运转时叶片起压缩空气的风扇作用。在飞轮和这些叶片周围设有导管20，用于将加压空气引过机体散热片14来冷却发动机。一排气歧管22可运转地连于发动机，用于收集发动机燃料燃烧产生的高温排气。高温排气经排气歧管22引入一可校准的或机械可控的文式管24。连续的套筒即导管20设于发动机的周围，使得加压空气在排气进入催化转换器26之前先供入文式管与排气混合。或者，导管20设置得从飞轮直接达至文式管24或达至在下文将描述的混合室中。
设置一外壳体或导管20来包围和承载着该催化转换器。该外壳体可由金属板或其它合适的材料构成并可让其它加压空气从周围流过催化转换器。一混合室28设于催化转换器之后并允许该附加的加压空气在经尾管36排出之前与排气混合。一排气管30连于催化转换器26上。排气管30有在其上形成的孔34，以便让排气径向流过。尾管36包围着排气管30，从而形成混合室28。尾管36有在其上形成的孔38，以便让经混合的排气和附加加压空气径向流过。一塞子40阻挡气体从排气管30和尾管36的一端流出。附加加压空气与离开催化转换器的排气的混合，可使排气温度降到对于小型机的用途，例如动力修整器，打草机，吹风机和剪草机之类的手持工具可接受的温度。

Claims (11)

1.一种小型发动机系统，它包括：
其上可运转地连有一飞轮的内燃机，使得飞轮可随着发动机的转动而转动，并且在该飞轮上连有通风叶片以便当发动机工作时可产生加压空气；
包围着该飞轮和叶片且构成及布置得可将该加压空气引过发动机的导管；
用于收集排气和与一催化转换器相通的可运转地连于发动机的一排气歧管；
包围着催化转换器并与该导管相通的一外壳外，使得空气可被引向催化转换器的周围；
与该外壳体和催化转换器的排气出口相通的一混合室，使得排气和加压空气在从与混合室相通的尾管释放以前先行混合，以便降低混合气的温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的小型发动机系统，其特征在于，它还包括可运转地连于催化转换器并与该排气歧管和外壳体相通的一文式管，使得加压空气和内燃机的排气可进入该催化转换器。
3.如权利要求1所述的小型发动机系统，其特征在于，来自该催化转换器的排气和加压空气可在该混合室中充份混合，使得混合气体离开尾管时其温度低于375度。
4.如权利要求2所述的小型发动机系统，其特征在于，发动机有0.1～25马力的额定功率。
5.一种发动机系统，它包括：
有可运转地连于其上的一飞轮的内燃机，使得飞轮可随着发动机的转动而转动，还有连于该飞轮的通风叶片，使得发动机工作时可产生加压空气；
用于收集排气并与一催化转换器相通的可运转地连于发动机的一排气歧管；
包围着飞轮并与催化转换器相通以便将加压空气输送给催化转换器的导管。
6.如权利要求5所述的发动机系统，其特征在于，它还包括一个可运转也连于催化转化器并与排气歧管相通的文式管，其中，加压的空气经该文式管输送至催化转换器。
7.一种小型发动机系统，它包括：
有可运转地连于其上的一飞轮的内燃机，使得飞轮随着发动机的转动而转动，发动机还有连于飞轮的通风叶片，以便当发动机工作时可产生加压空气；
可运转地连于发动机并与一混合室相通的一排气管；
包围着飞轮并与该混合室相通的导管，以便将加压空气供给在其内加压空气与来自排气管的排气混合的混合室。
8.如权利要求7所述的小型发动机系统，其特征在于，它还包括包围着排气管一部份的一个尾管，因此，该混合室由该尾管和该部分的排气管来限定。
9.如权利要求8所述的小型发动机系统，其特征在于，所述排气管的该部份有在其上形成的孔，以便让排气流入混合室。
10.如权利要求8所述的小型发动机系统，其特征在于，排气管和尾管在其每个的一端被堵住，并且，尾管和该部分排气管在每一个上都形成有孔，可让排气从排气管流出并与混合室中的加压空气形成混合气，因此，混合气可从尾管的孔中流出。
11.如权利要求6所述的发动机系统，其特征在于，该文式管是机械可控或电气可控的。
CN95121318A 1994-12-12 1995-12-12 加压空气排气处理系统 Pending CN1130715A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102022171A (zh) * 2009-09-21 2011-04-20 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 用于内燃机的热效率高的排气处理系统
US8459017B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2013-06-11 Woodward, Inc. Low pressure drop mixer for radial mixing of internal combustion engine exhaust flows, combustor incorporating same, and methods of mixing
CN104379893A (zh) * 2012-04-24 2015-02-25 珀金斯发动机有限公司 用于排放物清洁模块的入口模块

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