CN113068765A - Fermentation promoter and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a fermentation promoter and application thereof, in particular to the field of feed, and the fermentation promoter comprises a microbial agent and a nutritional agent; the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and bran; the fermentation promoter provided by the invention can shorten the fermentation time, avoid the occurrence of the conditions of excessive nutrient loss or feed corruption in the feed due to overlong fermentation time, and also can save the cost.

Description

Fermentation promoter and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of feeds, in particular to a fermentation promoter and application thereof.

Background

At present, paper mulberry planting work is carried out in more than 10 provinces such as Guizhou, Guangxi, Henan, Gansu, Shanxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Jiangxi and the like and more than 30 counties such as Anhui Yuexi county, Henan Lankao county and the like, and the paper mulberry planting area reaches more than 30 ten thousand mu.

The hybrid paper mulberry is a high-quality livestock and poultry feed resource, the protein content is up to 20-30%, and the nutritional ingredients such as amino acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, trace elements and the like are also very rich. However, due to the fact that the newly harvested paper mulberry raw material is large in water content, the fermentation time of the traditional fermentation mode is too long, the silage nutrition loss is too large, and even silage is rotten. If the mode of spreading and drying or drying is adopted to reach the better water-containing range of the silage, the workload is large, the influence of external environments such as fields is large, the cost of the silage is increased due to the energy consumption of drying, and the silage is not easy to popularize and use.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a fermentation promoter and application thereof, the fermentation promoter provided by the invention can avoid the situation that the nutrition loss in the feed is too large or the feed is rotten due to too long fermentation time, the fermentation promoter provided by the invention can directly carry out fermentation treatment on raw materials, and the silage is not dried in a spreading way or dried, so that the time cost and the labor cost are saved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a fermentation promoter which comprises, by mass, 0.5-10 parts of a microbial agent and 90-200 parts of a nutrient agent; the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran.

Preferably, the total number of viable bacteria of the lactobacillus plantarum is 0.1 x 10¹⁰～1×10¹⁰CFU/g; the total number of viable bacteria of the candida utilis is 0.1 multiplied by 10¹⁰～1×10¹⁰CFU/g。

Preferably, the total viable bacteria ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the candida utilis is (3:7) - (7: 3).

Preferably, the mass ratio of corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran in the nutritional agent is (1-3): (1-3): (2-4).

The invention provides application of the fermentation promoter in the technical scheme in preparation of silage.

The invention provides a preparation method of silage, which comprises the following steps:

and mixing the paper mulberry silage with the fermentation accelerant in the technical scheme, and sealing and fermenting to obtain the silage.

Preferably, when the microbial agent and the nutrient agent in the fermentation promoter are mixed and packaged, the amount of the fermentation promoter is 10-20% of the mass of the broussonetia papyrifera silage;

when the microbial agent and the nutrient in the fermentation accelerant are independently packaged, the dosage of the microbial agent is 0.5-10 per mill of the mass of the paper mulberry silage; the dosage of the nutrient is 10-20% of the mass of the paper mulberry silage.

Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 25-35 d.

The silage prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme is used.

Has the advantages that:

the invention provides a fermentation promoter, which is prepared by matching a microbial agent (lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis) with a nutritional agent (corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran) in a certain proportion. In the fermentation accelerator provided by the invention, the candida utilis is facultative, and the residual oxygen in the fermentation material is consumed, so that a favorable environment is provided for the anaerobic fermentation of lactobacillus plantarum; the lactobacillus plantarum generates a large amount of lactic acid in the fermentation process, can reduce the pH value and inhibit other putrefying bacteria, thereby reducing the probability of putrefaction; the corn flour provides a carbon source for the growth of microorganisms, the growth of the microorganisms is effectively started, particularly the growth of candida utilis, and the decomposed sugar of the corn flour can promote the growth of lactobacillus plantarum; the bran is rich in starch, crude protein, vitamins, calcium, magnesium, iron and other nutrient components, and promotes the growth of microorganisms and the secretion of enzymes; the rice bran has strong water absorption and certain looseness, and can absorb water generated in the microbial metabolism process and ensure the air permeability in the fermentation process; in the growth stage of the microorganisms, the nutrient components of the corn flour, the rice bran and the bran are mutually supplemented, so that a synergistic effect can be exerted, energy and nutrient components are provided for the initial growth of the thalli, and the growth of the microorganisms is promoted. In the invention, under the matching of the microbial agent and the nutritional agent, the fermentation time can be shortened, the excessive nutrient loss or feed corruption caused by overlong fermentation time of the bacterial strain in the feed can be avoided, and the cost can be saved.

In addition, in the fermentation accelerator provided by the invention, in the growth process of lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis thalli, thalli proteins rich in protein, nucleotide, growth promoting factors, various enzymes and multi-family vitamins can be generated; the rumen of the ruminant can be stimulated to generate a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, the gastrointestinal flora environment of the ruminant can be regulated and controlled, and the immunity of the organism can be enhanced; the nutrient adopted by the invention is agricultural and sideline products and leftovers thereof, and the cost is lower.

The fermentation promoter is used for preparing silage, and the broussonetia papyrifera silage and the fermentation promoter are mixed and then subjected to fermentation treatment, so that part of macromolecular substances in the broussonetia papyrifera material are converted into small molecules, part of crude protein is converted into small peptides and amino acids, and part of cellulose is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides and polysaccharides. And the lactobacillus plantarum generates a large amount of lactic acid in the fermentation process, inhibits other putrefying bacteria, reduces the probability of putrefying and is beneficial to the storage of silage. After the fermentation promoter disclosed by the invention is applied to paper mulberry silage, compared with the traditional process, the silage time is shortened by 10-20 days, the silage quality is greatly improved, the silage has acid fragrance and is yellow-green, the pH value is 3.8-4.2, the content of crude protein is increased by 8-12%, the content of lactic acid is increased by 30-65%, and the content of acid soluble protein is increased by 30-50%, so that the silage belongs to high-quality silage. The preparation method provided by the invention is easy for industrial production and reduces the cost.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a fermentation promoter which comprises, by mass, 0.5-10 parts of a microbial agent and 90-200 parts of a nutrient agent, and preferably comprises 1-5 parts of a microbial agent and 95-200 parts of a nutrient agent; the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran. In the invention, when the microbial agent and the nutrient agent in the fermentation promoter are independently packaged or mixed packaged, the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the nutrient agent is preferably 0.5-10: 90-200, and more preferably 1-5: 95-200; the total number of viable bacteria of the lactobacillus plantarum is preferably 0.1×10¹⁰～1×10¹⁰CFU/g, more preferably 0.5X 10¹⁰CFU/g; the total number of viable bacteria of the candida utilis is 0.1 multiplied by 10¹⁰～1×10¹⁰CFU/g, more preferably 0.5X 10¹⁰CFU/g; the total viable bacteria ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the candida utilis is preferably (3:7) - (7:3), and more preferably (4:6) - (6: 4); the mass ratio of corn flour, rice bran and bran in the nutritional agent is preferably (1-3): (1-3): (2-4), more preferably (1.5-2.5): (1.5-2.5): (2.5-3.5). In the invention, the lactobacillus plantarum and the candida utilis are preferably lactobacillus plantarum for feed and candida utilis for feed. The lactobacillus plantarum and the candida utilis are preferably purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC), wherein the lactobacillus plantarum is preferably lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC), and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.1856; the Candida utilis is preferably Candida utilis (Candida utilis), and the preservation number is CGMCC 2.2878.

The invention provides application of the fermentation promoter in the technical scheme in preparation of silage.

The invention relates to a preparation method of silage, which comprises the following steps:

and mixing the paper mulberry silage with the fermentation accelerant in the technical scheme, and sealing and fermenting to obtain the silage.

In the invention, when the microbial agent and the nutrient agent in the fermentation promoter are mixed and packaged, the amount of the fermentation promoter is preferably 10-20% of the mass of the broussonetia papyrifera silage, and more preferably 11-19%; when the microbial agent and the nutrient in the fermentation accelerant are independently packaged, the dosage of the microbial agent is preferably 0.5-10 per thousand of the mass of the paper mulberry silage, and more preferably 1-9.5 per thousand; the dosage of the nutrient is 10-20% of the mass of the paper mulberry silage, and more preferably 11-19%. In the invention, the fermentation temperature is preferably 20-40 ℃, and more preferably 21-39 ℃; the fermentation time is preferably 25-35 d, and more preferably 26-34 d. In the present invention, the sealing is preferably performed by compacting the mixture obtained by mixingThen, filling into a fermentation bag; the fermentation bag is preferably a fermentation bag with an external discharge valve; the density oxygen content of the compacted material obtained by the compaction is preferably less than 1.2L/m³. The invention adopts the one-way exhaust valve with the external exhaust valve, thereby effectively preventing the bag from being broken by the bulge. In the invention, the compaction treatment is preferably carried out in a bundling and enveloping machine. The invention can reduce the air in the fermented material as much as possible by compacting treatment, thereby inhibiting the propagation and growth of other aerobic microorganisms such as mould and the like.

In the invention, the microbial agent increases the concentration of beneficial bacteria in the silage fermentation process and reduces the fermentation and decay probability of silage; the addition of the nutritional agent can increase the nutritional components of the silage, adjust the moisture of the silage and provide a proper fermentation environment for microorganisms.

According to the invention, the broussonetia papyrifera silage and the fermentation accelerator are mixed and then subjected to fermentation treatment, so that part of macromolecular substances in the broussonetia papyrifera silage are converted into small molecules, part of crude protein is converted into small peptides and amino acids, and part of cellulose is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides and polysaccharides. The lactobacillus plantarum generates a large amount of lactic acid in the fermentation process, so that the pH value of the silage is lower than 4.5, other putrefying bacteria can be inhibited, the probability of putrefaction is reduced, and the silage is favorably stored; the fermentation accelerant provided by the invention can improve the quality of the silage, so that the silage has acid fragrance and is yellow green.

In the present invention, the preparation method of the paper mulberry silage preferably comprises: crushing the paper mulberry to obtain paper mulberry silage. In the present invention, the paper mulberry is preferably a whole paper mulberry plant; the paper mulberry is preferably a hybrid paper mulberry; the hybrid paper mulberry is preferably a hybrid paper mulberry with the growth height of 0.8-1.4 m, and more preferably a hybrid paper mulberry with the growth height of 1.0-1.2 m. In the invention, the particle size of the paper mulberry silage is preferably 2-3 cm, and more preferably 2.2-2.8 cm. The present invention is not limited to the pulverization method, and the pulverization method can be adopted by a method known to those skilled in the art.

The silage prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme is used.

The silage prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has greatly improved quality, acid fragrance, yellow green color, pH of 3.8-4.2, crude protein content increased by 8-12%, lactic acid content increased by 30-65%, and acid soluble protein increased by 30-50%, and belongs to high-quality silage.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, a fermentation accelerator and its application provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The fermentation promoter comprises 0.5 part (0.5g) of microbial agent and 120 parts (120g) of nutritional agent, wherein the microbial agent is feed lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis, and the total viable count of lactobacillus plantarum is 1 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, total viable count of Candida utilis is 1 × 10¹⁰CFU/g; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran, wherein the mass ratio of the corn flour to the rice bran to the wheat bran is 1: 1: 2.

collecting and crushing whole hybrid paper mulberry plants with the growth height of 1.2m to the particle size of 3cm, adding a microbial agent according to 0.5 per mill of the weight of paper mulberry silage, adding a nutritional agent according to 12 percent of the weight of the paper mulberry silage, uniformly mixing, bundling and compacting by using a silage compaction bundling and coating integrated machine, and then filling the mixture into a fermentation bag with an exhaust valve, wherein the density oxygen content of the compacted material obtained by compaction is less than 1.2L/m³And fermenting at 28 deg.C for 35 days under sealed condition at room temperature to obtain paper mulberry silage.

Example 2

The fermentation promoter comprises 10 parts (10g) of microbial agent and 140 parts (140g) of nutritional agent, wherein the microbial agent is feeding lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis, and the total viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum is 0.6 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, total viable count of Candida utilis is 0.4 × 10¹⁰CFU/g; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran, wherein the mass ratio of the corn flour to the rice bran to the wheat bran is 2: 1: 2.

crossing the seeds growing for 1 month (harvesting period)Collecting whole paper mulberry, pulverizing to particle size of 2cm, adding fermentation promoter 15% of paper mulberry silage weight, mixing, bundling with silage compacting, bundling and coating machine, and packaging into fermentation bag with exhaust valve, wherein the compacted material has density of less than 1.2L/m³And fermenting at 35 deg.C for 25 days under sealed condition at room temperature to obtain paper mulberry silage.

Example 3

The fermentation promoter comprises 5 parts (5g) of microbial agent and 115 parts (115g) of nutrient, wherein the microbial agent is feeding lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis, and the total viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum is 0.4 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, total viable count of Candida utilis is 0.6 × 10¹⁰CFU/g; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran, wherein the mass ratio of the corn flour to the rice bran to the wheat bran is 2: 1: 2.

collecting and pulverizing whole plant of Broussonetia papyrifera with growth height of 1.0m to particle size of 2cm, adding fermentation promoter 12% of the weight of Broussonetia papyrifera silage, mixing, bundling with a ensiling, compacting, bundling and coating integrated machine, and packaging into a fermentation bag with an exhaust valve, wherein the compacted material obtained by compacting has density oxygen content less than 1.2L/m³And fermenting at 35 deg.C for 30 days under sealed condition at room temperature to obtain paper mulberry silage.

Example 4

The fermentation promoter comprises 8 parts (8g) of microbial agent and 192 parts (192g) of nutrient, wherein the microbial agent is lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis for feed, and the total viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum is 0.7 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, total viable count of Candida utilis is 0.3 × 10¹⁰CFU/g; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran, wherein the mass ratio of the corn flour to the rice bran to the wheat bran is 2: 2: 3.

collecting and pulverizing whole plant of Broussonetia papyrifera with growth height of 0.8m to particle size of 2cm, adding fermentation promoter 20% of the weight of Broussonetia papyrifera silage, mixing, bundling with a silage compaction bundling and coating integrated machine, and packaging into a fermentation bag with an exhaust valve, wherein the compacted material obtained by compaction has density oxygen content less than 1.2L/m³Fermenting at 30 deg.C for 28 days under sealed condition at room temperature to obtain final productA silage for trees.

Example 5

The fermentation promoter comprises 1 part (1g) of microbial agent and 179 parts (179g) of nutrient, wherein the microbial agent is feeding lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis, and the total viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum is 0.3 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, total viable count of Candida utilis is 0.7 × 10¹⁰CFU/g; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran, wherein the mass ratio of the corn flour to the rice bran to the wheat bran is 1: 2: 3.

collecting and pulverizing whole plant of Broussonetia papyrifera with growth height of 1.0m to particle size of 3cm, adding fermentation promoter 18% of the weight of Broussonetia papyrifera silage, mixing, bundling with a ensiling, compacting, bundling and coating integrated machine, and packaging into a fermentation bag with an exhaust valve, wherein the compacted material obtained by compacting has density oxygen content less than 1.2L/m³And fermenting at 32 deg.C for 35 days under sealed condition at room temperature to obtain paper mulberry silage.

Comparative example 1

The steps are the same as those of the example 1, except that the air-drying is carried out until the water content is 60-65%, and no microbial agent or nutrient is added.

Comparative example 2

The procedure of example 1 is the same, except that the microbial agent is feed lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis, and the total viable bacteria count of lactobacillus plantarum is 1 × 10¹⁰CFU/g, the total viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 1 × 10¹⁰CFU/g, otherwise identical to example 1, the ensilaged fermented material was slightly sticky and had a lower lactic acid content than example 1.

Comparative example 3

The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that the microbial agent was Lactobacillus plantarum for feed and Candida tropicalis, and the total viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum was 1X 10¹⁰CFU/g, total viable count of Candida tropicalis 1 × 10¹⁰CFU/g, otherwise identical to example 1, and a lower crude protein content after silage fermentation than in example 1.

Comparative example 4

The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that,the microbial agent is feed lactobacillus plantarum, candida utilis and bacillus subtilis, and the number of viable bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, other conditions were kept the same as in example 1, and indexes such as crude protein, acid soluble protein and the like after ensiling fermentation had no obvious advantages.

Comparative example 5

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the nutrient was molasses. Molasses can provide nutrients and can increase the moisture content of the silage material, resulting in poor silage results.

Comparative example 6

The procedure of example 1 is followed, except that the nutritional agent does not contain bran, and the mass ratio of corn flour to rice bran is 1: 1, after ensiling and fermentation, the content of crude protein and acid soluble protein is lower than that of the protein in the embodiment 1.

Comparative example 7

The procedure of example 1 is followed, except that the nutritional agent does not contain corn flour, and the mass ratio of bran to rice bran is 2: 1, after ensiling and fermentation, the sour flavor is lighter.

Comparative example 8

The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that the nutritional supplement did not contain rice bran, and the mass ratio of bran to corn flour was 2: 1, after ensiling and fermentation, the water content of the materials is high, and the materials are not easy to loosen when being held by hands.

The application components of the silage prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-8 are detected, and the detection results are shown in tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1 nutrient component test results

TABLE 2 nutrient component test results

Item

Example 1

Relative value

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Crude protein%

15.82±0.36

108.4％

15.53±0.22

16.24±0.31

15.95±0.18

16.28±0.26

Acid soluble protein%

7.99±0.19

141.16％

7.25±0.21

7.78±0.32

7.65±0.35

8.12±0.28

Lactic acid mg/g

77.56±1.85

161.9％

75.42±2.04

72.65±1.57

76.52±1.23

68.87±2.34

Butyric acid mg/g

1.9±0.05

88.78％

1.8±0.08

1.95±0.06

1.70±0.15

1.78±0.07

Ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen (%)

1.24±0.08

47.69％

1.22±0.04

1.15±1.2

1.20±1.5

1.12±0.06

pH

4.07

4.02

4.12

3.85

4.27

Smell(s)

Sour flavor

Sour flavor

Sour flavor

Sour flavor

Sour flavor

Colour(s)

Yellow green

Yellow green

Yellow green

Yellow green

Yellow green

Texture of

Loosening

Loosening

Loosening

Loosening

Loosening

Note: the relative values refer to those obtained after comparing example 1 with comparative example 1.

As shown in tables 1 and 2, the silage obtained by the fermentation promoter provided by the invention has greatly improved quality, acid fragrance, yellow green color, pH of 3.8-4.2, 8-12% of crude protein content, 30-65% of lactic acid content and 30-50% of acid soluble protein, and belongs to high-quality silage.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The fermentation accelerant is characterized by comprising 0.5-10 parts of microbial agent and 90-200 parts of nutrient in parts by mass; the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis; the nutritional agent comprises corn flour, rice bran and wheat bran.

2. The fermentation promoter according to claim 1, wherein the total viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 0.1X 10¹⁰～1×10¹⁰CFU/g; the total number of viable bacteria of the candida utilis is 0.1 multiplied by 10¹⁰～1×10¹⁰CFU/g。

3. The fermentation accelerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the total number of viable bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum to Candida utilis is (3:7) to (7: 3).

4. The fermentation accelerant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of corn flour, rice bran and bran in the nutritional agent is (1-3): (1-3): (2-4).

5. Use of a fermentation promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of silage.

6. The preparation method of the silage is characterized by comprising the following steps:

mixing paper mulberry silage with the fermentation accelerant of any one of claims 1 to 4, sealing and fermenting to obtain silage.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein when the microbial agent and the nutrient agent in the fermentation promoter are mixed and packaged, the amount of the fermentation promoter is 10-20% of the mass of the broussonetia papyrifera silage;

when the microbial agent and the nutrient in the fermentation accelerant are independently packaged, the dosage of the microbial agent is 0.5-10 per mill of the mass of the paper mulberry silage; the dosage of the nutrient is 10-20% of the mass of the paper mulberry silage.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the fermentation temperature is 20-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 25-35 d.

9. Silage prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 6 to 8.