CN113047223B

CN113047223B - Urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction method

Info

Publication number: CN113047223B
Application number: CN202110278289.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李冬林; 严瑞昌; 金雅琴; 黄雪方
Original assignee: Jiangsu Forestry Academy
Current assignee: Jiangsu Forestry Academy
Priority date: 2021-03-17
Filing date: 2021-03-17
Publication date: 2022-09-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-17
Also published as: CN113047223A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction, which comprises the following steps: dredging side slopes and removing sediments; leveling the top of the slope and removing an invaded body; laying ecological vegetation bricks according to local conditions; selecting, improving efficiency and planting remediation type aquatic plants; constructing a bamboo forest and constructing an ecological barrier; and (4) trimming bamboo edges and burying an isolation guardrail. The invention provides a method for renovating damaged river channel side slopes and constructing ecological barriers aiming at the problems of river channel slope protection degradation, water body pollution, aquatic plant loss and poor river bank landscape in the urban and rural construction of China at present, which can effectively relieve the soil degradation, side slope erosion and poor water body of polluted river channels, coordinate the contradiction between side slope management and aquatic plant survival, improve the habitat quality and the environment beauty degree of the river channel side slopes, and create a comfortable and pleasant water bank bamboo forest space for urban residents.

Description

Urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of urban and rural polluted river treatment and urban and rural ecological landscape construction, and particularly provides a method for treating a side slope of an urban polluted river and constructing an ecological barrier.

Background

Along with the rapid development of the socioeconomic performance of China, many rivers and lakes distributed in cities face double pressure of pollutant discharge and environment maintenance. The urban river as the blood vessel plays a crucial role in the flourishing and declining of cities and the coordinated development of urban society, economy and environment, and is highly concerned by government departments in various regions.

At present, the traditional river channel treatment mode is that pure concrete slope protection is constructed by utilizing grouted or dry masonry slope protection. The cost of these bank protection projects is all higher relatively, and the underwater construction, the maintenance work degree of difficulty is great. More importantly, the traditional revetment form is only limited to the stability of the bank slope of the river channel and the functions of flood drainage and waterlogging drainage of the river channel, and the influence of pure hard revetment on the river channel environment and an aquatic ecosystem is ignored. The vitality of the treated river disappears, and the deterioration of the living environment of surrounding residents is accelerated.

Experience has shown that green plants are the main force for purifying polluted water and restoring environment. Therefore, the green plants are correctly utilized to create living and inhabitation space for the green plants, the functions of absorption, persistence, transportation and metabolism possessed by the green plants are fully utilized, the aquatic plants are reasonably configured at different parts of the polluted river channel, the living environment of the water bank of the damaged river channel is effectively repaired, simultaneously, the living space is created for the aquatic animals, a satisfied, quiet, beautiful and inhabitable living environment is created for people, and the method is a great direction for urban and rural river channel treatment in the future.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problems of overhigh hardening degree, lack of aquatic plants, pollution gas diffusion and unsatisfactory ecological landscape in the current national polluted river treatment, and provides a method for urban polluted river slope remediation and ecological barrier construction so as to meet the technical requirements of river slope ecological remediation and river bank environment improvement on high resident concentration and serious water pollution in the current national urbanization process.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a method for urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction, which comprises the following steps:

step (1), dredging side slopes and removing sediments;

step (2), leveling the top of the slope and removing an invader;

step (3), paving ecological vegetation bricks according to local conditions;

step (4), selecting and enhancing, and planting remediation type aquatic plants;

step (5), constructing a bamboo forest and constructing an ecological barrier;

and (6) trimming bamboo edges, and burying the isolation guardrails.

And (2) in the step (1), the side slope dredging is to remove sediments deposited on the side slope of the river channel by using a trash remover in autumn and winter, the cleaning depth is not less than 15cm, and the cleanness of the slope surface after cleaning is ensured without any pollution source.

And (3) leveling the slope top in the step (2), namely cleaning and leveling the slope top of the river channel by using a machine or an auxiliary manual means, removing weeds, shrubs, plastic, metal, stones and other impurities, and timely ploughing and improving the soil to ensure that the soil is loose, level, proper in texture and has certain fertility.

The depth of the ploughed soil is 30-45 cm, and soil blocks are smashed; the method for improving the soil is to add and apply commercial nutrient soil, the dosage is to additionally apply 5kg per square meter, and the application method is to combine soil plowing and mixing evenly.

The ecological vegetation brick in the step (3) is a slope protection brick structure specially made for polluted river regulation, the appearance of a single body of the ecological vegetation brick is I-shaped, the ecological vegetation brick is provided with four wings and an inward concave notch, the depth of the notch is 5-6 cm, the width of the notch is 6-8 cm, and the width of the four wings is half of the width of the notch, so that two wings of the ecological vegetation brick can be embedded into the notch of a brick body; and the width of the two sides of the non-gap of the vegetation brick is 24-28 cm.

The raw material for manufacturing the ecological vegetation brick in the step (3) is concrete, the thickness of a finished product is 6-7 cm, the ecological vegetation brick is divided into a front surface and a back surface, the front surface is formed by naturally floating the concrete, hemispherical recesses are distributed on the back surface, the diameters of the recesses are 3.0-3.4 cm, and the recesses are uniformly distributed on the back surface of the brick body in rows so as to increase the roughness of the back surface of the brick body.

Wherein, the laying mode of the ecological vegetation brick in the step (3) has two types: the planting bricks are orderly laid above the normal water level, namely all the planting bricks are vertically aligned and not staggered, gaps of adjacent planting bricks are closed to form planting holes, and clay is filled in the holes to plant aquatic plants; the vegetation bricks are laid in a staggered manner below the normal water level, namely the vegetation bricks are arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom, two wings of the vegetation bricks formed at the lower part are just embedded into the notches of the vegetation bricks at the upper part, and the vegetation bricks are laid on the slope surface in a closed manner without forming planting holes.

The remediation type aquatic plant in the step (4) is one or a combination of more than two of Polygonum hydropiper (Polygonum hydropiper), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperus rotundus), Bidens tripartita (Bidens tripartita), Typha orientalis (Cortadaria seliana) and Indocalamus tesselatus (Indocalamus tesselatus) with strong pollution resistance, the planting mode is a hole planting method, and 1-2 plants are planted in each hole.

Wherein the material built by the bamboo forest in the step (5) is 1-2 years old tea stem bamboo (Pseudosasa amabilis) or water bamboo (Phyllostachys hemicalada) which grows robustly and has no plant diseases and insect pests, the tea stem bamboo or the water bamboo is uniformly and densely planted in the loose soil on the top of the slope, the row spacing of the planted plants is 20-25 cm, and the planting depth is 35-40 cm; and (5) compacting the soil after planting, and erecting a temporary support to prevent lodging.

And (3) after the bamboo edge is trimmed in the step (6) and the slope top bamboo forest is planted, the bamboo forest is trimmed in time in winter every year, the trimming mode is that branches and leaves are trimmed at the outer edge perpendicular to the slope top, overlong overgrown branches and withered branches are trimmed in order, the density of inner branches is increased, a bamboo forest barrier is formed, and pollution sources are isolated.

The isolation guardrail in the step (6) is a specially-made assembly guardrail for preventing the extension of the rhizomes of the bamboo groves and is vertically embedded in the outer edges of the bamboo groves.

The isolation guardrail in the step (6) comprises a concrete bottom plate, a wood column and a rope;

the concrete bottom plates are reverse Z-shaped, 60cm in height, 40-45 cm in width and 15-20 cm in thickness, rectangular notches are formed in the opposite angle portions, the length of each notch is 8cm, the height of each notch is 12cm, and the adjacent concrete bottom plates are embedded and fixed through the complementary notches; 2 holes with the center distance of 30-35 cm are reserved on the side face and the top of the concrete bottom plate respectively, the side face holes are circular and are 15cm away from the top of the bottom plate, the diameter of each hole is 1-1.5 cm, the top holes are square, the side length of each hole is 8-10 cm, the depth of each hole is 15cm, the bottom of each top hole is communicated with the side face holes, and the bottom plate and the wood columns can be conveniently fixed through matched screws;

the wood column is made of oak through processing, the cross section of the wood column is square, the height of the wood column is 55-60 cm, the side length of the wood column is equal to that of a square hole in the top of the concrete bottom plate, and 1 circular through hole with the diameter of 5-6 cm is reserved at a distance of 15cm and 25cm from the top end of the wood column;

the rope is made of jute with the thickness of 3.5-4.0 cm and is used for connecting and fixing different wood columns.

The invention also provides an installation process of the isolation guardrail:

has the advantages that:

the method provided by the invention aims at the technical defects in the current urban and rural polluted degraded river channel treatment engineering in China, provides a water bank ecological slope treatment technology which is beneficial to inhabitation and settlement of aquatic plants in river slope protection and improvement of river ecological restoration efficiency, builds a green barrier for polluted rivers while realizing ecological treatment and effective restoration of the damaged river channel, and creates a beautiful and inhabitable water bank leisure space for urban and rural residents.

The invention can effectively overcome the defects of firmness, overhigh hardening degree and poor landscape effect in the traditional river management engineering, creates a suitable micro-habitat for green aquatic plants and amphibians under the condition of ensuring stable slope protection and no reduction of flood control, is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants on the side slope, improves the greening rate and the landscaping degree of the side slope of the river channel, improves the species diversity of the water bank ecosystem and promotes the improvement of the urban and rural human living environment.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a riverway slope renovation structure.

Fig. 2 is a front top view of the ecological vegetation brick monomer.

Fig. 3 is a front side view of the ecological vegetation brick monomer.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the ecological plant growth brick monomer.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a neat laying mode of ecological vegetation bricks above a normal water line.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a staggered laying mode of ecological vegetation bricks below a normal water line.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the assembled guardrail structure.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the engagement and connection of the assembled guard rails.

Detailed Description

The invention will be better understood from the following examples.

A method for urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction comprises the following steps:

firstly, dredging a side slope and removing sediments;

leveling the top of the slope, and removing an invader;

thirdly, paving ecological vegetation bricks according to local conditions;

step four, selecting the synergistic aquatic plants and planting the remediation aquatic plants;

constructing a bamboo forest and constructing an ecological barrier;

and step six, trimming bamboo edges and burying isolation guardrails.

In the first step, the side slope dredging is that sediment deposited on the side slope 2 of the river channel is removed by a trash remover in autumn and winter, the cleaning depth is not less than 15cm, and the clean slope surface is ensured without residual pollution sources.

And in the step II, the slope top leveling is to clean and level the river slope top 3 by using a machine or an auxiliary manual means, remove weeds, shrubs, plastic, metal, stones and other impurities, and turn over and improve the soil in due time to make the soil loose and level and have proper texture. The depth of soil plowing is 30-45 cm, and soil blocks are smashed; the method for improving the soil is to add and apply commercial nutrient soil, the dosage is 5kg of topdressing per square meter, and the application method is to combine soil plowing and mixing evenly.

In the third step, the ecological vegetation bricks 11 are slope protection structures specially made for polluted river regulation, the single bodies are in an I shape (shown in figures 2 and 3), and are provided with four wings 8 and an inward concave notch 10, the depth of the notch 10 is 5-6 cm, the width of the notch 10 is 6-8 cm, and the width of the four wings 8 is half of the width of the notch 10, so that the two wings 8 of the vegetation bricks 11 can be embedded into the notch 10 of the brick body; the width of the two sides 9 of the non-gap vegetation brick 11 is 24-28 cm.

In the third step, the raw material for manufacturing the ecological plant-growing brick 11 is concrete, the thickness of the finished product is 6-7 cm, the ecological plant-growing brick has a front surface and a back surface, the front surface 11a is formed by naturally flattening the concrete, hemispherical recesses 12 are distributed on the back surface 11b, the diameters of the recesses 12 are 3.0-3.4 cm, and the recesses 12 are uniformly distributed on the back surface 11b of the brick body in rows so as to increase the roughness of the back surface 11b of the brick body (figure 4).

In the third step, there are two ways to lay the ecological vegetation bricks 11 on the river side slope 2: the slope 2a above the normal water level is regularly laid, namely all the vegetation bricks 11 are vertically aligned and not staggered, gaps 10 of the adjacent vegetation bricks are closed to form planting holes, and clay is filled in the holes to plant aquatic plants 7 (figure 5); the slope surface 2b below the normal water level is paved in a staggered mode, namely the vegetation bricks 11 are arranged in a staggered mode from top to bottom, two wings (8) of the vegetation bricks 1) formed on the lower portion are just embedded into gaps of the vegetation bricks 11 on the upper portion, the vegetation bricks 11 are paved on the slope surface in a closed mode, and planting holes are not formed (figure 6).

In the fourth step, the remediation type aquatic plant 7 is selected from one or a combination of more than two of Polygonum hydropiper (Polygonum hydropiper), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperus rotundus), Bidens tripartita (Bidens tripartita), Typha orientalis (Cortadaria seliana) and Indocalamus tessellatus (Indocalamus tesselatus), wherein the Polygonum hydropiper (Polygonum hydropiper), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperus rotundus), the Bidens tripartita (Bidens tripartita), the Purpus pulicatus (Thunb.) nakai and the Indocalamus tessellatus (Indocalamus tesselatus) are planted in each hole in a hole planting mode of 1-2 plants.

Step five, the materials built by the bamboo forest are 1-2 years old tea stem bamboo (Pseudosasa amabilis) or water bamboo (Phyllostachys hectosa) which grows vigorously and does not have diseases and insect pests, the tea stem bamboo or the water bamboo is uniformly and densely planted on the slope top 3 for river channel treatment, the row spacing of the planted plants is 20-25 cm, and the planting depth is 35-40 cm; after planting, soil is required to be pressed, and a temporary support 5 is erected to prevent lodging. After two years, the bamboo forest is closed and the handrail 5 is removed.

In the sixth step, the season of bamboo edge pruning is winter every year, the pruning mode is to prune branches and leaves perpendicular to the outer edge of the slope top 3, and heavily prune overlong spindly branches and withered branches to promote the thickening of inner branches, so as to form a bamboo forest barrier and isolate pollution sources.

In the sixth step, the isolation guardrail 6 is a specially-made assembly guardrail for preventing the extension of the bamboo grove rhizomes, and is vertically embedded in the outer edge of the bamboo grove (figure 1). The assembled guardrail 6 comprises a concrete bottom plate 62, wooden columns 61 and ropes 63 (figure 7); the concrete bottom plates 62 are reverse Z-shaped, 60cm in height, 40-45 cm in width and 15-20 cm in thickness, rectangular notches are formed in the positions of the opposite corners, the length of each notch is 8cm, the height of each notch is 12cm, and the adjacent concrete bottom plates 62 are embedded and fixed through complementary notches; 2 holes with the center distance of 30-35 cm are reserved on the side face and the top of the concrete bottom plate 62 respectively, the side face holes 64 are circular, the distance from the top of the bottom plate is 15cm, the diameter of the side face holes is 1-1.5 cm, the top holes 66 are square, the side length of each hole is 8-10 cm, the depth of each hole is 15cm, the bottom of each top hole 66 is communicated with the side face holes 64, and the bottom plate 62 and the wood columns 61 are fixed and formed conveniently through matched screws; the wood column 61 is made of oak through processing, the cross section of the wood column is square, the height of the wood column is 55-60 cm, the side length of the wood column is equal to that of a square hole 66 in the top of the concrete bottom plate 62, and 1 circular through hole 65 with the diameter of 5-6 cm is reserved at a distance of 15cm and 25cm from the top end of the concrete bottom plate; the rope 63 is made of jute, the thickness of the jute is 3.5-4.0 cm, and connection and fixation between different wood columns 61 are facilitated.

In the sixth step, the installation process of the isolation guardrail 6 is as follows:

the invention provides a method for urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction, and a plurality of methods and ways for realizing the technical scheme are provided, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and these improvements and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by the prior art.

Claims

1. A method for urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) dredging side slopes, and removing sediments deposited on the side slopes of the riverway by using a cleaner in autumn and winter, wherein the cleaning depth is not less than 15cm, so that the slope surface is clean and tidy after cleaning, and no pollution source remains;

(2) leveling the top of the slope, removing weeds, shrubs, plastic, metal and stone invaders, and timely turning over and improving the soil to ensure that the soil is loose, flat, proper in texture and has certain fertility;

(3) laying ecological vegetation bricks according to local conditions; the ecological vegetation brick single body is in an I shape and is provided with four wings and an inward concave notch, the depth of the notch is 5-6 cm, the width of the notch is 6-8 cm, the width of the four wings is half of the width of the notch, so that the two wings of the vegetation brick can be embedded into the notch of the brick body, and the width of the two sides of the brick body without the notch is 24-28 cm; the ecological vegetation brick has two laying modes: the slope surface above the normal water level is regularly laid, namely all the vegetation bricks are vertically aligned and not staggered, gaps of the adjacent vegetation bricks are closed to form planting holes, and clay is filled in the holes to plant aquatic plants; the slope surface below the normal water level is laid in a staggered mode, namely the vegetation bricks are arranged in a staggered mode from top to bottom, two wings of the vegetation bricks on the lower portion are just embedded into notches of the vegetation bricks on the upper portion, the vegetation bricks are laid on the slope surface in a closed mode, and planting holes are not formed;

the ecological vegetation brick is characterized in that the raw material for manufacturing the ecological vegetation brick is concrete, the thickness of a finished brick body is 6-7 cm, the ecological vegetation brick has a front surface and a back surface, the front surface is formed by naturally floating the concrete, hemispherical recesses are distributed on the back surface, the diameter of each recess is 3.0-3.4 cm, and the recesses are uniformly distributed on the back surface of the brick body in rows so as to increase the roughness of the back surface of the brick body;

(4) selecting, enhancing the efficiency and planting the remediation type aquatic plants; the repairing aquatic plant is one or a combination of more than two of Polygonum hydropiper (Polygonum hydropiper), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperus rotundus), Bidens tripartita (Bidens tripartita), Phragmites communis (Cortaderia seliana) and Indocalamus tessellatus (Indocalamus tesselatus) with strong pollution resistance, the planting mode is a hole planting method, and 1-2 plants are planted in each hole;

(5) constructing a bamboo forest and constructing an ecological barrier; the material built by the bamboo forest is 1-2 years old tea-stem bamboo (Pseudosasa amabilis) or water bamboo (Phyllostachys hectosa) which grows strongly and has no diseases and insect pests, and is uniformly and densely planted in loose soil at the top of the slope; the planting row spacing of the bamboo forest is 20-25 cm, and the planting depth is 35-40 cm; compacting the planted soil, and erecting a temporary support to prevent lodging;

(6) trimming bamboo edges and embedding isolation guardrails; after the bamboo edge pruning is finished by planting the slope top bamboo forest, timely pruning the bamboo forest in winter every year in a mode of pruning outer edge branches and leaves vertical to the slope top, pruning overlong bare branches and dead branches to promote inner branches to be thick and thick, forming a bamboo forest barrier and isolating pollution sources, and burying an inverted Z-shaped isolation guardrail at the outer edge after the pruning is finished;

the isolation guardrail comprises a concrete bottom plate, a wood column and a rope; the concrete bottom plates are 60cm high, 40-45 cm wide and 15-20 cm thick, rectangular notches are formed in corners along one diagonal direction, the length of each notch is 8cm, the height of each notch is 12cm, and adjacent concrete bottom plates are embedded and fixed through complementary notches; 2 holes with the center distance of 30-35 cm are reserved on the side face and the top of the concrete bottom plate respectively, the side face holes are circular and are 15cm away from the top of the bottom plate, the diameter of each hole is 1-1.5 cm, the top holes are square, the side length of each hole is 8-10 cm, the depth of each hole is 15cm, the bottom of each top hole is communicated with the side face holes, and the bottom plate and the wood columns can be conveniently fixed through matched screws; the wood column is made of oak through processing, the cross section of the wood column is square, the height of the wood column is 55-60 cm, the side length of the wood column is equal to that of a square hole in the top of the concrete bottom plate, and 1 circular transverse through hole with the diameter of 5-6 cm is reserved at a distance of 15cm and 25cm from the top end of the wood column; the rope is made of jute, the thickness of the jute is 3.5-4.0 cm, and connection and fixation between different wood columns are facilitated.

2. The method for urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the plowed soil is 30-45 cm, and soil blocks are broken; the method for improving the soil is to add and apply commercial nutrient soil, the dosage is to additionally apply 5kg per square meter, and the application method is to combine soil plowing and mixing evenly.

3. The method for urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction according to claim 1, wherein the installation process of the isolation barrier is as follows: