CN112320958B

CN112320958B - Urban inland river self-purification type aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method

Info

Publication number: CN112320958B
Application number: CN202011058726.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李冬林; 金雅琴; 李成蹊
Original assignee: Jiangsu Forestry Academy
Current assignee: Jiangsu Forestry Academy
Priority date: 2020-09-30
Filing date: 2020-09-30
Publication date: 2022-10-18
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-30
Also published as: CN112320958A

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river, which structurally comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorption area, an emergent aquatic shore dirt retention area, an amphibious dirt intercepting and embellishing area, a revetment vegetation buffer zone filtering area and a embankment arc-shaped defense and sightseeing area 5. The ecological floating bed is in deep water, and absorbs organic matters in water through a special floating bed design, so that a pioneer effect of purifying a water body is achieved; selecting large-scale emergent aquatic plants to be planted on the shoal of the emergent aquatic shore stagnant-dirt area and adsorbing pollutants in a stagnant manner; the water level amplitude-changing belt at the amphibious sewage interception and embellishing area has the functions of sewage interception and embellishing by planting amphibious plants; the embankment is provided with a vegetation buffer zone to filter pollutants and beautify; the dike top is constructed by special dike protection, the dike is used for fixing the bank and preventing flood, and the dike is used for rest and sightseeing for tourists. The technical scheme of the invention can realize ecological improvement and environmental improvement of urban inland rivers and provide a fresh and pleasant water bank space for urban residents.

Description

Urban inland river self-purification type aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for urban inland rivers, and belongs to the technical field of urban landscaping and water bank ecological restoration engineering.

Background

With the rapid development of economy and the increasingly accelerated urbanization process in China, the urban population rises rapidly, and the interference of people on urban environment increases day by day. However, the environmental protection infrastructure of most cities in China is seriously lagged behind, the vegetation in the riverbank zone is seriously declined, the water quality of the inland river is gradually deteriorated, and the morphological structure and the ecological function of the urban riverbank which are closely related to the human life are reversely changed. The self-cleaning function of the river bank is seriously weakened, the biodiversity is reduced, the riverbed and the side slope are eroded, the water body pollution is aggravated, the urban image and the daily life of people are seriously influenced, and the life and property safety of people are threatened. Therefore, ecological restoration and environmental protection of the river banks of the urban inland river are necessary conditions for guaranteeing urban health and realizing urban sustainable development, and are key projects for improving the urban ecological environment and improving the livelihood of people at present.

By combining urban environment improvement, inland river regulation projects are started in some domestic large and medium cities, and some tests and researches are carried out. Although these earlier projects dissolve the concepts of nature, ecology and humanity to a certain extent, due to the lack of the integration of the natural background research and advanced technology of the system, the key technologies of plant selection, model structure, community construction and the like in the concrete construction still remain in the low-level application of simple tree planting, grass planting, slope building, embankment protection and bank retention, and the technical defects of improper plant selection, poor community structure, neglect of biodiversity protection and poor landscape structure exist, the diversified functions of the river bank ecosystem are difficult to realize, and the sound of people for creating and ecologically promoting the river landscape in the city still rises.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for urban inland rivers, so as to meet the requirements of urban inland river environment improvement and river bank green land landscape improvement in the current urbanization process of China and meet the actual requirements of local residents on river bank environment treatment and urban river water quality improvement.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river is characterized in that a configuration structure of the method comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorbing area (I), an emergent aquatic shore dirt retention area (II), an amphibious dirt intercepting and decorating area (III), a slope protection vegetation buffer zone filtering area (IV) and a bank arc protection ornamental area (V) 5;

the ecological floating bed is positioned in river deep water, and organic matters in water are fully absorbed through a special floating bed design, so that a pioneer effect of purifying a water body is achieved; large emerging plants are selected to be planted on the shoal of the emerging rocky-bank stagnant-dirt area, and are harvested periodically to remove pollutants; the water level amplitude-varying belt at the amphibious pollutant intercepting and decorating area is used for planting amphibious plants to achieve the functions of pollutant stagnation and decoration; the vegetation buffer zone filtering area is arranged on the bank, plays a role in protecting the bank and preventing corrosion, and is also beautified; the arc-shaped embankment revetment pleasure area is reinforced through a special geotechnical structure, and is used for tourists to rest and visit and build bodies.

The ecological floating bed single bodies are designed to be rhombic, are connected in a staggered mode and are fixed through specific screws. The periphery of the floating bed is fixed at the bottom of the river by wooden piles.

Wherein the side length of the single rhombus of the ecological floating bed is 50cm, and the interior angles in pairs are 60 degrees and 120 degrees respectively.

Wherein, the frame structure of the ecological floating bed is made of bamboo chips, and the built-in net sheets are made of palm rattans by weaving.

Wherein, the built-in net sheet is provided with a hole with the diameter of 4-5 cm for the potted plant to be placed and embedded.

Wherein, the potted plant of ecological floating bed field planting has: one or two of herba Menthae, candlelight, taro, herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, oriental Alismatis rhizoma, etc.

Wherein the large emergent aquatic plants are planted with one or two combinations of oriental cattail, black water chestnut, flower She Mang, shallot, water chestnut, etc. in a natural way, and the planting width is 5-15 meters vertical to the water bank line.

Wherein the amphibious plant is selected from one or two of amphibious knotweed, water spinach, windmill grass, paper sand grass, pampas grass, wild rice, silvergrass, water hairy flower, and pig hairy grass.

The amphibious plants are planted in specific planting grooves, the planting grooves are mutually embedded with the planting grooves and fixedly connected with the revetment in an overlapping mode, and the fact that the river bank is not loose due to corrosion prevention is guaranteed.

Wherein, specific planting groove monomer appearance is the horse ear shape, and two wing tip halves are recessed for accept upper portion and plant the groove, plant the groove and match the gomphosis each other after being fixed in the bank protection.

The vegetation buffer zone is located above the water level amplitude changing area, consists of a plurality of strip-shaped vegetation zones, is arranged in parallel to a river bank line, and is used for intercepting river bank pollutants.

The plant in the vegetation buffer zone is selected from amorpha fruticosa, gardenia jasminoides, european red daphne wood, hibiscus syriacus, willow, goose mao bamboo and the like, the planting mode is strip-shaped close planting, 3-4 rows are planted in each zone, the row spacing is 3-5 meters, and ornamental grass is laid between rows.

The arc-shaped defense sightseeing area is a continuous arc wall built by stones around the bank, climbing plants are densely planted on the outer side of the arc wall, arc-shaped guardrails are installed at the top of the arc wall, isolated-view trees are planted by filling soil in the arc, and porous water-permeable bricks are laid on the ground.

Wherein the bending diameter of the arc wall is 2.5-3 m, and the thickness is 30-45 cm.

Wherein the climbing plant is any 1 or two of Ficus pumila and Hedera helix.

The guardrail is formed by in-situ processing, assembling and splicing stainless steel, the height of a finished product is 1.4-1.6 m, and the gap between grids is not higher than 15cm.

Wherein the isolated Jing Qiaomu is one of precious tree species such as camphor, weeping willow, maple, zelkova, hackberry, garden burnet and the like, and the tree type is required to be full, full crown is not damaged, the tree type is upright, and the height under the branches is lower than 1.5m.

Wherein, the porous water seepage brick is a special diamond-shaped brick, the outer edge is 25-30 cm long, the inner length is 8-10 cm, and the thickness is 5-8 cm.

Wherein, the porous water-permeable brick is prepared by mixing cement, yellow sand, gravel and water according to a certain proportion.

The invention provides a self-cleaning type aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river, which comprises the following construction steps:

has the advantages that:

1. according to the method, the ecological restoration theory is introduced into the river bank treatment engineering, green plants with different biological characteristics are introduced through the pattern division and the function division according to local conditions, and an ecological restoration mode which is compact in structure, attractive in appearance and beneficial to growth and settlement of hygrophytes is created for the river bank zone in the city by using ingenious configuration measures;

2. the method effectively overcomes the defects that the hardness of the river bank of the urban inland river is too high, the plants are difficult to survive and the landscape is too single-plate, creates a microenvironment for the survival of the aquatic plants on the premise of ensuring the good soil-fixing and corrosion-preventing functions of the river bank, is favorable for the growth and the multiplication of the stationary plants, improves the greening rate, the preservation rate and the beautiful landscape degree of the slope surface, and realizes the diversification of the functions of the ecological system of the urban river bank;

3. the urban inland river ecological river bank constructed according to the method can provide a fresh and pleasant rest space for urban residents while remarkably improving the urban inland river water quality and the river environment quality, and embodies the remarkable characteristics of ecology, green supplementation, health maintenance and people benefiting.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a design of an ecological restoration structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ecological floating bed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a slope planting trough structure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a slope planting groove matching and embedding manner;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an arc-shaped embankment top-view structure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a side view structure of a porous brick;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a floor pattern of porous bricks.

Detailed Description

The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not, nor should they limit the invention as detailed in the claims.

As shown in figure 1, the configuration structure of the urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorption area I, an emergent aquatic shore dirt retention area II, an amphibious dirt intercepting decoration area III, a slope protection vegetation buffer zone filtering area IV and a bank arc protection ornamental area V.

The ecological floating bed 1 is positioned in deep water of a river, and fully absorbs organic matters in water through a special floating bed design, so that a pioneer effect of purifying a water body is achieved; selecting and planting large emergent aquatic plants 8 on a shoal at II position of the emergent aquatic fouling zone, and periodically harvesting to remove pollutants; the amphibious sewage intercepting decoration area III is a water level amplitude varying zone, an amphibious plant 3 is planted, and the functions of sewage stagnation and decoration are achieved; the vegetation buffer zone filtering area IV is arranged on the bank, plays a role in protecting the bank and preventing corrosion and is also beautified; the arc-shaped embankment protection touring area V is used for reinforcing the embankment through a special geotechnical structure, and is used for tourists to have a rest and a sight, and building bodies.

Wherein, the shape of the ecological floating bed 1 monomer is designed to be diamond (figure 2), the side length is 50cm, and the paired internal angles are 60 degrees and 120 degrees respectively; the single bodies are connected in a staggered mode and fixed through special screws. The floating bed frame structure is bamboo chip 12, and built-in net piece 13 is made for the palm rattan weaving, and built-in net piece 13 leaves the hole 14 of diameter 4 ~ 5cm, supplies potted plant to put and inlays living, and potted plant kind has: one or two of herba Menthae, candlelight, rhizoma Steudnerae Henryanae, herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, and Oriental Alismatis rhizoma; the periphery of the floating bed is fixed on the river bottom by wooden piles 11.

The emergent aquatic shore stagnant area II is used for realizing water quality improvement by naturally planting large emergent aquatic plants 8, the planted emergent aquatic plants 8 comprise one or two combinations of oriental cattail, black water chestnut, flower She Mang, shallot, mitsubishi and the like, and the planting width is 5-15 meters vertical to the water shoreline.

The amphibious plant 3 in the amphibious pollutant intercepting decorated area III is planted in a specific planting groove 2, the appearance of a single body of the planting groove 2 is horse ear-shaped (figure 3), half parts of two wings 22 of the planting groove 2 are concave 23 and are used for bearing the planting groove 2 at the upper part, the planting groove 2 is matched and embedded with each other in two ways, one way is that the end part of the planting groove 2 at the upper part is lapped on two wings of the planting groove 2 at the lower part and is matched and embedded with each other (figure 4 a); the other is that the paired planting grooves 2 are relatively embedded and paired up and down, and the paired chimeras are laid on the revetment in parallel (fig. 4 b).

The amphibious plant 3 can be one or two of amphibious knotweed, water spinach, windmill grass, paper sand grass, pampas grass, wild rice, silvergrass, water feather flower, pig feather grass and the like.

The vegetation buffer zone 4 is located above the water level amplitude variation area III, consists of a plurality of strip-shaped vegetation zones, is arranged in parallel to a river bank line, and is used for intercepting river bank pollutants. The planted plants are amorpha fruticosa, gardenia jasminoides ellis, european red daphne, chinese wampee, chinese tamarisk, willow, goose mao bamboo and the like, the planting mode is strip-shaped close planting, 3-4 rows are planted in each strip, the row spacing is 3-5 meters, and ornamental grass is paved among the rows.

Wherein, the arc-shaped defense sightseeing area V is built into a continuous arc wall 5 by using rubbles around the embankment, the bending diameter of the arc wall is 2.5-3 m, and the thickness is 30-45 cm; climbing plants are densely planted outside the arc wall 5, and an arc guardrail 6 is installed at the top of the arc wall; the arc wall 5 is filled with soil to plant an isolated landscape arbor 7 (figure 5), and special porous water permeable bricks are paved on the ground (figure 6).

The guardrail 6 is made of stainless steel through in-situ processing, assembling and splicing, the height of a finished product is 1.4-1.6 m, and the gap between grids is not higher than 15cm.

Wherein the climbing plant species is any one or two combinations of Ficus pumila and Hedera helix; the isolated Jing Qiaomu is one of precious tree species such as camphor, weeping willow, maple, zelkova, hackberry, garden burnet, etc., and requires a full tree shape, no damage to the whole crown, upright stem shape, and a height below 1.5m below the branches.

The porous water-permeable brick is a specially-made rhombic brick, and the manufacturing materials are cement, yellow sand, gravel and water which are mixed and blended according to a certain proportion. The shape of the water permeable brick is manufactured into a shape with the outer edge 9 being 25-30 cm long, the inner edge 10 being 8-10 cm long and the thickness being 5-8 cm, and the center of the finished product is provided with a diamond hole for planting grass and beautifying.

The construction steps provided by the invention are as follows:

the invention provides a thought and a method for an urban inland river ecological appreciation revetment structure, and a plurality of methods and ways for realizing the technical scheme are provided, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that for a person with ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the invention, a plurality of improvements and embellishments can be made, and the improvements and embellishments should be regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river is characterized in that a configuration structure of the method comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorbing area (I), an emergent aquatic bank dirt retention area (II), an amphibious dirt intercepting decoration area (III), a vegetation buffer zone filtering area (IV) and a bank arc-shaped defence and tourism area (V) 5;

the ecological floating bed sewage absorption area (I) is positioned at deep water of a river, through the arrangement of the ecological floating bed (1), potted plants are planted in the ecological floating bed to fully absorb organic matters in water and play a role of pioneering for purifying a water body, the ecological floating bed (1) is rhombic in shape, single bodies are connected in a staggered mode and fixed through screws, and the periphery of the floating bed is fixed to the bottom of the river through wood piles (11);

the emergent aquatic and coastal stagnant sewage area (II) is positioned on a shoal, large emergent aquatic plants (8) are planted naturally, and pollutants are removed by regular harvesting;

the amphibious sewage interception decorated area (III) is located in a water level amplitude changing area, a horse ear-shaped planting groove (2) is formed in the slope surface, amphibious plants (3) are planted in the groove, a concave groove (23) is formed in the end part of each of two wings (22 and 24) of the planting groove (2) in a missing mode and used for bearing the planting groove (2) at the upper part, the planting groove (2) and the planting groove (2) are mutually embedded and fixedly connected with a revetment in an overlapping mode, and the river bank is guaranteed to be corrosion-resistant and not loose;

the vegetation buffer zone filtering area (IV) is positioned above the water level amplitude changing area, consists of a plurality of strip-shaped vegetation zones (4), is arranged parallel to a river bank line, is used for intercepting river bank pollutants and has the functions of protecting the dike, preventing corrosion and beautifying;

the arc-shaped embankment defense sightseeing area (V) surrounds the embankment and is built into a continuous arc wall (5) by using stones, climbing plants are densely planted on the outer side of the arc wall (5), an arc-shaped guardrail (6) is installed at the top of the arc wall (5), isolated landscape trees (7) are planted in the arc wall (5) in a filling mode, and porous water permeable bricks are laid on the ground to reinforce the embankment and enable tourists to rest, sightseeing and strengthen the body.

2. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side length of the monomer of the ecological floating bed (1) is 50cm, and the interior angles in pairs are 60 ° and 120 °, respectively.

3. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame structure of the ecological floating bed (1) is made of bamboo chips (12), and the built-in net sheets (13) are made of palm rattan weaved.

4. The method for arranging and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the urban inland rivers according to claim 3, wherein the built-in net piece (13) is provided with holes (14) with the diameter of 4-5 cm for potted plants to be arranged and embedded.

5. The method for allocating and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the urban inland river according to claim 1, wherein the potted plants planted in the ecological floating bed (1) comprise one or a combination of two of a fragrant lotus, a candlelight, a taro, a monochoria vaginalis, a ixeris sonchifolia and an oriental waterplantain rhizome.

6. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the large emergent aquatic plant (8) is one or a combination of two of typha orientalis, black water chestnut, flower She Mang, shallot, and mitsubishi, the planting width is 5-15 m from the water bank line, the harvesting frequency is once a year, and the harvesting season is in winter.

7. The method for self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration in urban inland rivers according to claim 1, wherein the amphibious plant (3) is selected from one or two of the group consisting of amphibious knotweed, water spinach, windmill grass, sand paper grass, pampas grass, wild rice, silvergrass, water wool flower and salsola collina.

8. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant species selected by the strip vegetation zone (4) are amorpha fruticosa, gardenia jasminoides ellis, aeschynanthuspulcher, sambucus nigra, salix fluviatilis and phyllostachys bambusa, the planting mode is strip-shaped close planting, 3-4 rows are planted in each zone, the row spacing is 3-5 m, and ornamental grass is paved between rows.

9. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the curved wall (5) has a curved diameter of 2.5-3 m and a thickness of 30-45 cm.

10. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the climbing plant is any one or a combination of Ficus pumila and Hedera helix.

11. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc-shaped guardrail (6) is formed by in-situ processing, assembling and splicing of stainless steel materials, the height of a finished product is 1.4-1.6 m, and the gap between grids is not more than 15cm.

12. The method for urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein the lone Jing Qiaomu (7) is one of cinnamomum camphora, salix tapertata, maple, zelkova serrata, hackberry and ulmus parvifolia, and requires a full tree shape, a full crown without damage, a dry upright shape and a height below 1.5m below branches.

13. The method for the allocation and ecological restoration of the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the urban inland rivers according to claim 1, wherein the porous water-permeable brick is rhombic and hollow in shape, the outer edge (9) is 25-30 cm long, the inner edge (10) is 8-10 cm long and 5-8 cm thick, and the porous water-permeable brick is made of cement, yellow sand, gravel and water which are mixed and blended according to a certain proportion.

14. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant allocation and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction steps are as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: piling on the water surface, and installing a floating bed;

step two: cleaning a riverbed, finishing a bank slope and removing pollutants;

step three: planting large emergent aquatic plants;

step four: paving planting grooves on the slope surface, and planting the amphibian plants;

step five: constructing a vegetation buffer zone;

step six: and (5) performing fortification construction on the top of the dike and constructing a landscape platform.