CN113046107B - Waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113046107B CN113046107B CN202110256548.2A CN202110256548A CN113046107B CN 113046107 B CN113046107 B CN 113046107B CN 202110256548 A CN202110256548 A CN 202110256548A CN 113046107 B CN113046107 B CN 113046107B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of resource recovery. Comprises a crushing and crushing system, a circulating fluidized bed boiler system, a pyrolysis reactor, an aggregate and conveying device, a pyrolysis gas-solid separation system and a pyrolysis oil separation system. The combined material in the abandonment blade of can effectively splitting decomposition and the pyrolysis oil of retrieving the schizolysis production, and the pyrolysis gas is pumped and is effectively burnt to furnace, the calorific value that contains is effectively utilized, and the pollutant that produces in the combustion process can realize discharge to reach standard with the help of the environment-friendly device that original boiler system was equipped with, pyrolytic reaction under the oxygen deficiency atmosphere has effectively avoided the abandonment blade directly to burn latent dioxin generation and emission scheduling problem, harmless and the resourceful treatment of abandonment blade has been realized on the whole in the pyrolytic reactor. Before the comprehensive recycling technology of the blade material is mature and utilized on a large scale, the influence of the waste blade on the environment and the like can be effectively solved, and good environmental protection benefit and economic benefit are generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource recovery, and particularly relates to a waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and a working method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the wind power generation industry has a rapid development trend, and the new installation amount is increased every year. From another perspective, the comprehensive disposal of the waste leaves is of concern. As the design life of the fan blade does not exceed 20 years, the fan will not be retired or subjected to quality improvement, efficiency improvement and transformation such as blade replacement in the early stage, a large number of eliminated blades appear, and in addition, the blades are damaged in the operation process and the production leftover materials of blade enterprises jointly form a large number of waste blades (collectively called as waste blades) which need comprehensive disposal.
From the material composition, the fan blade mainly comprises composite materials (epoxy resin and the like), fiber reinforced materials (such as glass fiber and the like), adhesives (such as epoxy adhesives, polyurethane adhesives and the like) and coatings, and the composite materials account for more than 90% of the weight of the blade in terms of weight. In addition, the total amount of the waste blades is large, the blade composite material needs to be recycled, and secondary pollution to the environment is avoided.
Blade reuse includes energy utilization and raw material utilization. Energy utilization means that the blades are burnt to utilize the heat value of composite materials and the like, such as a circulating fluidized bed boiler system which is designed by the Huaneng Qing energy institute and burns waste blades and a working method thereof (invention patent application No. 202011304148.6); raw material utilization refers to the participation of the composite material of waste blades in similar resource flows, such as chopping the blades for reuse of different products and processes, cement production, etc. In general, efficient recovery of vane composites remains a challenge, and in addition to simple incineration recovery of heat, the industry is continually exploring more promising vane material recovery methods, such as chemical recovery and the like.
From a general material classification, blade composites may be considered to be thermosetting plastics, including thermosetting resins (epoxy resins, etc.) and filled reinforcing materials (glass fibers, etc.). Thermosetting plastics have the property of being infusible but thermally decompose at high temperatures, the extent of decomposition being determined by temperature control. The blade thermosetting plastic is subjected to thermal decomposition, the decomposition product can be used as a raw material after being recovered, and the resource recycling property is more outstanding compared with the modes such as incineration and the like, but no mature technology exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and a working method thereof, which can effectively crack composite materials in waste blades and recover cracking oil, and generally realize harmless and recycling treatment of the waste fan blades.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system, which comprises a crushing and crushing system, a circulating fluidized bed boiler system, a pyrolysis reactor, an aggregate and conveying device, a pyrolysis gas-solid separation system and a pyrolysis oil separation system, wherein the crushing and crushing system is connected with the circulating fluidized bed boiler system through a pipeline;
the interior of the pyrolysis reactor comprises a pyrolysis chamber and an air chamber, the air chamber is arranged below the pyrolysis chamber, the bottom of the air chamber is connected with a flue gas inlet of the pyrolyzer, an air distribution plate is arranged between the air chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, and a plurality of air caps are arranged on the air distribution plate; the pyrolysis reactor is respectively provided with a blade particle inlet, a circulating ash inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a semicoke outlet;
the crushing and crushing system is connected with the blade particle inlet;
the circulating fluidized bed boiler system comprises a hearth, a horizontal flue, a first cyclone separator and a horizontal flue which are sequentially connected, wherein an outlet at the bottom of the first cyclone separator is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with a first material returning device, the first material returning device is connected with a material returning inlet of the hearth, and the other branch is connected with a circulating ash inlet; a second material returning device is arranged on a pipeline between the bottom outlet of the first cyclone separator and the circulating ash inlet; an air extraction opening is arranged on the horizontal flue and is connected with a flue gas inlet of the pyrolyzer;
the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a pyrolysis gas-solid separation system, a solid outlet and a semicoke outlet of the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system are both connected with an aggregate and conveying device, and the aggregate and conveying device is connected with the hearth; the gas outlet of the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system is connected with the pyrolysis oil separation system;
the pyrolysis oil outlet of the pyrolysis oil separation system is connected with a pyrolysis oil storage bin, and the gas outlet of the pyrolysis oil separation system is connected with the hearth.
Preferably, the crushing and crushing system comprises a crusher, an iron remover, a belt conveyor and a crusher which are connected in sequence, wherein the crusher is connected with the blade particle inlet through a first auger.
Preferably, the extraction openings are respectively arranged at the upstream of the economizer and the air preheater of the horizontal flue, the pipeline connected with the two extraction openings is respectively provided with a first stop valve and a second stop valve, and the connecting pipeline between the first stop valve and the pyrolysis device flue gas inlet and the connecting pipeline between the second stop valve and the pyrolysis device flue gas inlet are respectively provided with a first induced draft fan.
Preferably, the pyrolysis reactor is obliquely arranged, the blade particle inlet, the circulating ash inlet and the pyrolysis gas outlet are sequentially arranged on the upper wall of the pyrolysis reactor, a particle falling plate is arranged between the blade particle inlet and the circulating ash inlet, a plurality of round holes are formed in the particle falling plate, and the diameter of each round hole is larger than the particle size of each blade particle; a first partition plate is arranged between the circulating ash inlet and the pyrolysis gas outlet; the upper ends of the falling particle plate and the first partition plate are both connected with the upper wall of the pyrolysis reactor, and the lower parts of the falling particle plate and the first partition plate are both spaced from the air distribution plate; and a second partition plate is arranged below the pyrolysis gas outlet, one end of the second partition plate is connected with the first partition plate, and a space is reserved between the other end of the second partition plate and the side wall of the pyrolysis reactor.
Further preferably, the falling particle plate and the first partition plate are both perpendicular to the air distribution plate, and the second partition plate is parallel to the air distribution plate.
Preferably, the sectional area of the air chamber is gradually expanded from the flue gas inlet of the pyrolyzer to the air distribution plate; the flue gas inlet of the pyrolyzer is arranged at the center of the bottom of the air chamber.
Preferably, the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system comprises a second cyclone separator and a third cyclone separator which are connected in series at two stages, a gas outlet of the second cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the third cyclone separator, a bottom outlet of the second cyclone separator and a bottom outlet of the third cyclone separator are both connected with the collecting and conveying device, a sixth stop valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the bottom outlet of the second cyclone separator and the collecting and conveying device, and a seventh stop valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the bottom outlet of the third cyclone separator and the collecting and conveying device; and the gas outlet of the third cyclone separator is connected with the cracked oil separation system.
Preferably, the pyrolysis oil separation system comprises a spray cooler, a plurality of spray nozzles are arranged in the spray cooler, a cooling water outlet, a pyrolysis oil outlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet are formed in the spray cooler, the pyrolysis oil outlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil storage bin, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the hearth.
Further preferably, a demister is arranged at the pyrolysis gas outlet, and a second draught fan and a fifth stop valve are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pyrolysis gas outlet and the hearth.
The invention discloses a working method of the waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system, which comprises the following steps:
the waste blades are treated by a crushing and crushing system to become blade particles and then are conveyed to a blade particle inlet; one part of the high-temperature circulating ash separated by the first cyclone separator is conveyed into the pyrolysis reactor, smoke extracted by an extraction opening on a tail flue enters the pyrolysis reactor from a smoke inlet of the pyrolyzer, flows through a wind chamber and a wind cap, and enters a pyrolysis chamber as fluidized smoke to fully mix blade particles with the high-temperature circulating ash for pyrolysis; gaseous pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, fluidized flue gas and fine particles are discharged from a pyrolysis gas outlet together, and after passing through a pyrolysis gas-solid separation system, solid particles and pyrolysis semicoke discharged from a semicoke outlet enter an aggregate and conveying device together and are then conveyed back to a hearth to be burned; pyrolysis gas flowing out of the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system enters a pyrolysis oil separation system, and separated pyrolysis oil enters a pyrolysis oil storage bin for further treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system disclosed by the invention is independent and flexible in structure, can realize the cooperative operation of a CFB (circulating fluid bed) boiler and the pyrolysis recovery system or the independent operation of the CFB boiler, and can also comprehensively treat other thermosetting waste plastics. The system is based on the design of a high-efficiency pyrolysis reactor and a flow, can effectively crack the composite material in the waste blade and recover the cracking oil generated by cracking, and the cracking oil can be used for producing fuel oil or used as raw materials for synthesizing epoxy resin and the like and can be recycled for manufacturing fan blades. The pretreatment of the blades before pyrolysis is less, only waste blades need to be crushed and smashed, the picking performance of the blade materials is low, and other substances on the blades, such as adhesive glue, blade supporting structures and the like, can also be pyrolyzed and recycled under a high-temperature environment, so that the components, the content and the like of the pyrolysis oil can not be greatly changed. The pyrolysis gas is pumped to a hearth for effective incineration, the contained heat value is effectively utilized, and pollutants generated in the combustion process can be discharged up to the standard by virtue of an environment-friendly device (such as a desulfurization and denitrification device and the like) equipped in the original boiler system. The flue gas is extracted from the tail flue and used as fluidizing gas in the pyrolysis reactor, so that the blade particles can be heated preliminarily, a low-oxygen environment is provided for cracking the blade particles, and more cracking of the blade composite material is facilitated and pyrolysis oil is separated out. The pyrolysis reaction under the oxygen deficiency atmosphere in the pyrolysis reactor effectively avoids the problems of generation, emission and the like of the potential dioxin generated by directly burning the waste blades, and realizes the harmless and resource treatment of the waste blades of the fan on the whole. The total amount of the pyrolyzed blade particles is smaller than the coal burning amount of a unit, the influence of a pyrolysis system on the operation of the boiler is smaller, and the pyrolyzed semicoke is sent back to a hearth for incineration, so that the influence on the operation of the boiler and the components of fly ash/bottom slag can be ignored. Before the comprehensive recycling technology of the blade material is mature and utilized on a large scale, the influence of the waste blade on the environment and the like can be effectively solved, and good environmental protection benefit and economic benefit can be generated.
Furthermore, the crushing and crushing system processes the blades into particles with smaller diameters step by step through the crusher and the crusher, so that full pyrolysis is facilitated; meanwhile, metal parts (such as small bolts and the like) carried in the raw materials are removed from the iron remover, so that the metal parts are prevented from flowing into the pyrolyzer and causing adverse effects on a boiler system.
Further, the air exhaust temperature of the upstream of the economizer is generally 500-550 ℃, the air exhaust temperature of the upstream of the air preheater is generally 300-350 ℃, the air exhaust amount is controlled by adjusting the opening degrees of the first stop valve and the second stop valve, the temperature of the mixed two kinds of flue gas is 350-450 ℃, and the mixed two kinds of flue gas can be used as fluidized flue gas in the pyrolysis reactor.
Furthermore, the arrangement of the particle falling plate and the first partition plate in the pyrolysis reactor enables the blade particles and the high-temperature circulating ash to be in full contact for heat exchange for a long time; simultaneously, the separation effect of second baffle, the circulation ash that is mixd by the high-speed air current of hood export is blockked with the blade granule and is dropped, and is relapse many times, has realized abundant pyrolytic reaction, has effectively avoided the semicoke that has allayed heat (containing circulation ash, blade granule and the granule after the pyrolysis) directly to be taken out by the air current, has reduced the granule concentration of air current in the pyrolysis gas export. By means of the action of the air flow at the outlet of the blast caps which are arranged at different angles in different areas of the particle gravity and the air distribution plate, the blade particles and the circulating ash can be smoothly conveyed to the semicoke outlet at the bottom of the side part after being fully pyrolyzed and are smoothly discharged, so that the blockage is avoided.
Furthermore, the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system adopts a two-stage cyclone separator, so that the separation efficiency is high and the effect is good.
The working method of the waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system disclosed by the invention can flexibly control the independent operation of the CFB boiler or the cooperative operation of the CFB boiler and the waste blade pyrolysis recovery device by combining the requirement of waste blade pyrolysis treatment. The total amount of the pyrolyzed blade particles is smaller than the coal burning amount of a unit, the influence of a pyrolysis system on the operation of the boiler is smaller, and the pyrolyzed semicoke is sent back to a hearth for incineration, so that the influence on the operation of the boiler and the components of fly ash/bottom slag can be ignored. The large amount of waste blade treatment can be realized by means of the continuous operation of the CFB boiler. Resources are fully utilized in the treatment process, the harmless and recycling treatment of the waste fan blades is realized on the whole, and good environmental protection benefits and economic benefits are generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall configuration of a waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the crushing and pulverizing system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pyrolysis reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a particle dropping plate in a pyrolysis reactor of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 is a hearth; 2 is a horizontal flue; 3 is a first cyclone separator; 4 is a tail flue; 5 is an economizer; 6 is an air preheater; 7 is a first material returning device; 8 is a secondary air pipe; 9 is a pyrolysis reactor; 10 is a first stop valve; 11 is a second stop valve; 12 is a first induced draft fan; 13 is an air chamber; 14 is a blast cap; 15 is a second cyclone separator; 16 is a third cyclone separator; 17 is a sixth stop valve; 18 is a seventh stop valve; 19 is a third stop valve; 20 is a second material returning device; 21. a fourth stop valve; 22 is a collecting and conveying device; 23 is a wind distribution plate; 26 is a cooling water inlet; 27 is a spray nozzle; 28 is a spray cooler; 29 is a cooling water outlet; 30 is a crusher; 31 is an iron remover; 32 is a belt conveyor; 33 is a pulverizer; 34 is a first packing auger; 35 is a pyrolyzer flue gas inlet; 36 is the vane particle inlet; 37 is a circulating ash inlet; 38 is a pyrolysis gas outlet; 39 is a semicoke outlet; 40 is a 2 nd auger; 41 is a falling particle plate; 42 is a first separator; 43 is a second separator; 44 is a No. 2 induced draft fan; 45 is a 5 th stop valve; 46 is a demister; and 47 is a pyrolysis oil storage bin.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting:
referring to fig. 1, the pyrolysis recovery system of the waste fan blade of the present invention mainly comprises 3 parts:
part 1 is a conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler, which comprises a hearth 1, a horizontal flue 2, a first cyclone separator 3, a tail flue 4, an economizer 5, an air preheater 6, a 1 st returning feeder 7, a secondary air pipe 8 and other equipment devices of the CFB boiler, such as a primary air system, a heating surface, a dust remover, a chimney and the like, which are not shown in the figure 1. As a conventional coal-fired power generation device, the CFB boiler system can normally operate no matter whether the fan blade pyrolysis recovery device operates or not.
Part 2 is a crushing and pulverizing apparatus for waste blades. As shown in FIG. 2, the waste blades are divided into sections with the length of 2-3 meters in wind power plants and blade enterprises and are transported to the CFB boiler site for temporary storage. When beginning the pyrolysis and handling, send into breaker 30 with the segmental blade, mechanical structure through the mutual interlock cutting in the breaker 30, tentatively break into length 2 ~ 5 cm's cubic raw materials with the blade, accomplish after the breakage directly fall into low reaches de-ironing separator 31 from breaker 30 export discharge back, establish the electromagnetic adsorption system in the de-ironing separator 31, the metalwork (like small-size bolt etc.) of smuggleing secretly in the adsorbable raw materials, avoid metal device to flow into pyrolysis and boiler system and produce adverse effect to system's device. And a belt conveyor 32 with a certain angle is arranged below the outlet of the iron remover 31, the blocky raw materials are lifted to the inlet of a crusher 33 which is arranged at the same height as the pyrolysis reactor 9, and the crusher 33 further crushes the blocky raw materials into particles with the average particle size of 3-5 mm. The vane particles are discharged from the crusher 33 via a first auger 34 and are conveyed to a vane particle inlet 36 of the pyrolysis reactor 9.
Section 3 is the pyrolytic recycling section of the leaf particles. As shown in figure 1, extraction openings are respectively arranged at proper positions of the upper streams of an economizer 5 and an air preheater 6 of a tail flue 4 of the CFB boiler, are connected with an extraction pipeline, and are powered by a first induced draft fan 12 to extract tail flue gas with different temperatures. The upstream air exhaust temperature of the economizer 5 is 500-550 ℃, and the upstream air exhaust temperature of the air preheater 6 is 300-350 ℃. The air pumping amount is controlled by adjusting the opening degrees of the 1 st stop valve 10 and the 2 nd stop valve 11, the temperature of the two mixed gases is 350-450 ℃, and the two mixed gases are used as fluidized gases in the pyrolysis reactor 9 and enter an air chamber 13 of the pyrolysis reactor 9 through a pyrolysis gas inlet 35. Because the oxygen content of the flue gas in the tail flue 4 is lower, about 3%, the pyrolysis reactor 9 can be considered to be in a low-oxygen atmosphere, and the heating and the cracking of the blade particles are facilitated. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pipelines connected with the air pumping ports at the upstream of the economizer 5 and the air preheater 6 are connected to a gas mixing chamber with a smooth inner cavity together, and are output after being fully mixed.
Fig. 3 is a detailed structural design diagram of the pyrolysis reactor 9, the pyrolysis reactor 9 is a square structure as a whole, the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor is a frustum-shaped air chamber 13, a pyrolysis device flue gas inlet 35 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the air chamber 13, an air distribution plate 23 is arranged at the top of the air chamber 13, and air caps 14 are respectively arranged on the upper regions of the air distribution plate 23 at different angles. Three inlets/outlets are arranged at the top of the pyrolysis reactor 9, namely a blade particle inlet 36, a circulating ash inlet 37 and a pyrolysis gas outlet 38.
The crushed blade particles are transported via the first auger 34 to the upright blade particle inlet 36 and fall onto the drop plate 41. As shown in fig. 4, the falling particle plate 41 is a square flat plate on which circular holes of a certain diameter (slightly larger than the average diameter of the vane particles) are regularly arranged to divide the pyrolysis reactor 9 into square chambers with the outlet facing obliquely downward. After the blade particles fall, under the action of the airflow at the outlet of the hood 14 and the gravity of the particles, a part of the blade particles fall through the holes of the falling particle plate 41, and the rest of the blade particles slide down along the falling particle plate 41 to fully react with the airflow at the outlet of the hood 14 and are primarily heated.
A first partition 42 is also arranged below the dropping plate 41 of the pyrolysis reactor 9, between which a further chamber is formed, the upper surface of which is provided with a circulating ash inlet 37. When the CFB boiler normally operates, high-temperature circulating ash separated by the first cyclone separator 3 is returned to the hearth 1 through the first material returning device 7, a pipeline is externally connected to a proper position of a vertical pipe at the upstream of the first material returning device 7, and a small part of circulating ash can be guided into the pyrolysis reactor 9 by adjusting the opening degree of the third stop valve 19. During operation of the pyrolysis reactor 9, part of the circulating ash flows via the third shut-off valve 19 and the fourth return feeder 20 to the circulating ash inlet 37. The circulating ash falls into the chamber between the first partition plate 42 and the falling plate 41, mixes with the falling vane particles, rapidly heats the vane particles, and smoothly propels the mixture of the high-temperature circulating ash and the vane particles to the lower end by the rapid airflow of the hood 14 obliquely arranged near the bottom of the first partition plate 42 (i.e., vertically arranged with the air distribution plate 23, see fig. 3 in particular). Due to the blocking effect of the second partition plate 43, the circulating ash and the blade particles stirred by the high-speed airflow at the outlet of the blast cap 14 are blocked and fall down for multiple times, so that sufficient pyrolysis reaction is realized, and the circulating ash and the blade particles finally fall to the semicoke outlet 39 at the bottom of the side part and are finally discharged by the second packing auger 40. The blade particles are primarily mixed with the circulating ash through the falling particle plate 41, the blade particles and the circulating ash are discharged out of the pyrolysis reactor 9, the whole process time is long, the blade particles fully receive heat under the action of high-speed airflow at the outlet of the hood 14 and the like, and the pyrolysis is sufficient. The glass fibers and the like that are not decomposed in the vane particles are discharged together with the circulating ash.
By adjusting the weight ratio of the pyrolysis circulating ash to the blade particles, the average temperature of the mixture can be effectively controlled. For example, the temperature of the circulating ash is high (850-950 ℃), the blade particles are more and less in circulating ash, the average temperature of the pyrolysis reactor 9 can be controlled to be 400-450 ℃ under the stirring action of the fluidized flue gas, the blade composite material (such as epoxy resin) can be decomposed into pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas in the optimal temperature range, and the ratio of the pyrolysis oil to the pyrolysis gas is higher. The pyrolysis oil contains composite material monomer or low molecular polymer, etc. and the pyrolysis gas mainly contains CO, CO2, C1-C4 alkane, olefin, etc. Under this pyrolysis reactor design and temperature control, pyrolysis oil is more in the decomposition product, and pyrolysis gas is few, is the pyrolysis effect that this patent hoped to realize.
In the high temperature environment of the pyrolysis reactor 9, the pyrolysis oil is also in a gaseous state, and is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 38 together with the pyrolysis gas, the fluidized flue gas, and the fine particles. As shown in fig. 3, the second partition plate 43 is disposed in the pyrolysis reactor 9, so as to effectively prevent the pyrolysis semicoke (including circulating ash, vane particles and pyrolyzed particles) from being directly carried out by the gas flow, and reduce the particle concentration of the gas flow in the pyrolysis gas outlet 38.
Two cyclone separators, namely a second cyclone separator 15 and a third cyclone separator 16 are connected in series at the downstream of the pyrolysis gas outlet 38 and used for separating dust particles carried in the pyrolysis gas, and the airflow inside the third cyclone separator 16 has higher rotating flow velocity and can separate finer particles. The separated particles respectively pass through the sixth stop valve 17 and the seventh stop valve 18, and fall into the aggregate and conveyor 22 together with the pyrolysis semicoke discharged from the semicoke outlet 39, and are finally sent back to the hearth 1 of the CFB boiler to be burned after being collected. The position near the tail end of the return pipe is provided with a fourth stop valve 21 to prevent the flue gas in the hearth 1 from flowing backwards. When the pyrolysis system operates, through adjusting the aperture of the sixth stop valve 17 and the seventh stop valve 18 for the dust particles separated by the separator can smoothly pass through and fall into the aggregate and conveyor 22 through the pipeline, and the flue gas of the hearth 1 can be prevented from entering the two cyclone separators by combining the fourth stop valve 21. In fig. 1, the aggregate and conveyor 22 is similar to a material returning device, and is connected with the roots blower through a pipeline together with the first material returning device 7 and the fourth material returning device 20, and the roots blower supplies high-pressure fluidizing air to smoothly realize fluidization and avoid partial blockage. As the return feeder system of the CFB boiler is mature, the pipes connecting the roots blower and each return feeder are not shown in fig. 1).
Pyrolysis gas (a mixture of fluidized flue gas, blade particle pyrolysis gas and particles with extremely low concentration, pyrolysis gas or pyrolysis gas for short) flowing out of the outlet of the third cyclone separator 16 is introduced into a spray cooler 28, a large number of spray nozzles 27 are regularly arranged on the top surface inside the spray cooler 28, the spray nozzles 27 are connected to a cooling water inlet 26 and used for atomizing and spraying cooling water downwards, atomized water drops are fully contacted with high-temperature pyrolysis gas for heat exchange, the cooling water is discharged from a cooling water outlet 29, gaseous pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis gas is cooled and condensed, and most of the gaseous pyrolysis oil is attached to the cooling water drops and falls into a water storage layer at the bottom of the spray cooler 28. The cooling volume of the pyrolysis gas is reduced, but because cooling water drops are evaporated into water vapor, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas after heat exchange can be kept at 110 ℃, so that the pressure in the closed spray cooler 28 can not be changed greatly.
Due to the heavy weight of the pyrolysis oil, the pyrolysis oil will accumulate at the bottom and be pumped out to the pyrolysis oil storage 47 for further centralized treatment. The collected pyrolysis oil has complex components, and can be used for producing fuel oil or used as chemical raw materials for synthesizing epoxy resin and the like through high-pressure hydrogenation reaction after dust removal treatment.
The cracked gas after spray cooling is acted by a demister 46 to remove carried fog drops/water drops, and the component is mainly N2、CO2、CO、H2O, C1 to C4 alkanes and alkenes, and also low concentrations of O2. These gases are fed into the furnace 1 through a fifth stop valve 45 under the action of a second induced draft fan 44, and combustible components participate in combustion and release heat value. Similarly, the pyrolytic semicoke entering the boiler through the fourth stop valve 21 fully reacts in a high temperature environment, i.e. the combustible composite material remaining in the blade particles is burned, and other incombustibles such as glass fiber particles are repeatedly collided and crushed in the furnace 1 to form fly ash or bottom slag. The glass fiber fly ash particles and other conventional fly ash particles are finally captured by a dust collector at the tail end of the tail flue 4 and the like, the glass fiber components are silicates of metal elements such as aluminum, calcium, sodium, magnesium and the like, the components of the glass fiber components are closer to those of coal-fired fly ash, and in addition, compared with CFB boiler coal, the amount of waste blades treated by the pyrolysis reactor 9 is smaller, so that the influence of burning pyrolysis semicoke on the quality of the original fly ash can be considered to be negligible.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the waste blades are divided into sections with the length of 2-3 meters in wind power plants and blade enterprises and are transported to the places where CFB boilers are located in a centralized mode to be stored temporarily. Before pyrolysis treatment, the sectional blades are sent into a crusher 30 to crush the blades into blocky raw materials with the length of 2-5 cm, and metal pieces (such as small bolts and the like) carried in the raw materials are removed through an electromagnetic adsorption system through an iron remover 31 at the downstream of the crusher 30. The blocky raw materials are lifted to a crusher 33 which is arranged at the same height as the pyrolysis reactor 9 through a belt conveyor 32 which is arranged at a certain angle with the ground, and are further crushed into particles with the average particle size of 3-5 mm. The vane particles are discharged from the crusher 33 via a first auger 34 and are conveyed to a vane particle inlet 36 of the pyrolysis reactor 9.
A part of the high-temperature circulating ash separated by the first cyclone separator 3 in normal operation is conveyed to the pyrolysis reactor 9 as a main heat source for pyrolyzing the blade particles processed by the waste blades by depending on a conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler. The proper positions of the upper streams of the economizer 5 and the air preheater 6 of the tail flue 4 of the CFB boiler are respectively provided with an air extraction opening which is connected with an air extraction pipeline, and the first induced draft fan 12 provides power to extract tail flue gas with different temperatures. The air extraction amount is controlled by adjusting the opening degrees of the first stop valve 10 and the second stop valve 11, and the temperature of the two mixed flue gases is 350-450 ℃ to be used as fluidized flue gas in the pyrolysis reactor 9.
The two flue gases extracted by the tail flue 4 are mixed and then enter an air chamber 13 of the pyrolysis reactor 9, and enter a cavity of the pyrolysis reactor 9 through an air cap 14 arranged on an air distribution plate 23, wherein the cavity above the air distribution plate 23 in the pyrolysis reactor 9 is divided through a falling particle plate 41, a first partition plate 42 and a second partition plate 43, so that the effective mixing of blade particles and high-temperature circulating ash is realized, the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reactor is controlled at 400-450 ℃, and the blade composite material is favorably decomposed in the form of pyrolysis oil as much as possible. Under the comprehensive action of the air flow and the like at the outlet of the hood 14 which is respectively designed and arranged at the installation angle in different areas of the gravity and the air distribution plate 23, the pyrolysis reaction time is long, the effective pyrolysis of the blade particles is realized, and the blockage in the inner cavity can be avoided. The glass fibers and the like that are not decomposed in the vane particles are discharged together with the circulating ash.
In the high temperature environment of the pyrolysis reactor 9, the pyrolysis oil is also in a gaseous state, and is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 38 together with the pyrolysis gas, the fluidized flue gas, and the fine particles. Two cyclones, namely a second cyclone 15 and a third cyclone 16, are connected in series downstream of the pyrolysis gas outlet 38 to separate dust particles carried in the pyrolysis gas, and the airflow inside the third cyclone 16 has higher rotational flow velocity, so that finer particles can be separated. The separated particles fall into the aggregate and conveyor 22 together with the pyrolysis semicoke discharged from the semicoke outlet 39, and are finally sent back to the hearth 2 of the CFB boiler to be burned.
Pyrolysis gas flowing out of the outlet of the third cyclone separator 16 is introduced into a spray cooler 28, cooling water is fully crushed into small fog drops by a large number of spray nozzles 27 regularly arranged at the top of the spray cooler, the small fog drops are fully contacted with high-temperature pyrolysis gas for heat exchange, gaseous pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis gas is cooled and condensed, most of the gaseous pyrolysis oil is attached to the cooling water drops and falls into a water storage layer at the bottom of the spray cooler 28. By utilizing the difference between the density of the cooled pyrolysis oil and the density of water, the pyrolysis oil is accumulated and pumped into a pyrolysis oil storage bin 47 for further centralized treatment. And after the pyrolysis gas after spray cooling is acted by the demister 46 to remove the carried fog drops/water drops, the pyrolysis gas is completely sent into the hearth 1 to be incinerated under the action of the second induced draft fan 44, similarly, the pyrolysis semicoke entering the boiler through the fourth stop valve 21 also fully reacts in the high-temperature environment of the hearth 1, the combustible composite material remained in the blade particles is incinerated, and other incombustibles such as glass fiber particles form fly ash or bottom slag in the hearth 1. The glass fiber fly ash particles and other conventional fly ash particles are finally captured by a dust collector at the tail end of the tail flue 4, and the quality of the original fly ash can be neglected due to the fact that the amount of waste blades disposed by the pyrolysis reactor 9 is small, and the quality of the original fly ash can be neglected due to the burning disposal of the pyrolysis semicoke by the CFB boiler.
It should be noted that the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and equivalent changes made to the system described in the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may substitute similar alternatives for the specific embodiments described, all without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system is characterized by comprising a crushing and crushing system, a circulating fluidized bed boiler system, a pyrolysis reactor (9), an aggregate and conveying device (22), a pyrolysis gas-solid separation system and a pyrolysis oil separation system;
the pyrolysis reactor (9) internally comprises a pyrolysis chamber and an air chamber (13), the air chamber (13) is arranged below the pyrolysis chamber, the bottom of the air chamber (13) is connected with a pyrolysis device flue gas inlet (35), an air distribution plate (23) is arranged between the air chamber (13) and the pyrolysis chamber, and a plurality of air caps (14) are arranged on the air distribution plate (23); the pyrolysis reactor (9) is respectively provided with a blade particle inlet (36), a circulating ash inlet (37), a pyrolysis gas outlet (38) and a semicoke outlet (39); the pyrolysis reactor (9) is obliquely arranged, the blade particle inlet (36), the circulating ash inlet (37) and the pyrolysis gas outlet (38) are sequentially arranged on the upper wall of the pyrolysis reactor (9), a particle falling plate (41) is arranged between the blade particle inlet (36) and the circulating ash inlet (37), a plurality of round holes are formed in the particle falling plate (41), and the diameters of the round holes are larger than the particle sizes of the blade particles; a first partition plate (42) is arranged between the circulating ash inlet (37) and the pyrolysis gas outlet (38); the upper ends of the falling particle plate (41) and the first partition plate (42) are connected with the upper wall of the pyrolysis reactor (9), and the lower parts of the falling particle plate and the first partition plate are spaced from the air distribution plate (23); a second partition plate (43) is arranged below the pyrolysis gas outlet (38), one end of the second partition plate (43) is connected with the first partition plate (42), and the other end of the second partition plate is spaced from the side wall of the pyrolysis reactor (9); the falling particle plate (41) and the first partition plate (42) are both vertical to the air distribution plate (23), and the second partition plate (43) is parallel to the air distribution plate (23);
the crushing and crushing system is connected with the blade particle inlet (36);
the circulating fluidized bed boiler system comprises a hearth (1), a horizontal flue (2), a first cyclone separator (3) and a tail flue (4) which are sequentially connected, wherein an outlet at the bottom of the first cyclone separator (3) is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with a first material returning device (7), the first material returning device (7) is connected with a material returning inlet of the hearth (1), and the other branch is connected with a circulating ash inlet (37); a second material returning device (20) is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet at the bottom of the first cyclone separator (3) and the circulating ash inlet (37); the tail flue (4) is provided with an air extraction opening, and the air extraction opening is connected with a flue gas inlet (35) of the pyrolyzer;
the pyrolysis gas outlet (38) is connected with a pyrolysis gas-solid separation system, a solid outlet and a semicoke outlet (39) of the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system are both connected with the aggregate and conveying device (22), and the aggregate and conveying device (22) is connected with the hearth (1); the gas outlet of the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system is connected with the pyrolysis oil separation system;
the cracked oil outlet of the cracked oil separating system is connected with a cracked oil storage bin (47), and the gas outlet of the cracked oil separating system is connected with the hearth (1).
2. The waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system of claim 1, wherein the crushing and crushing system comprises a crusher (30), an iron remover (31), a belt conveyor (32) and a crusher (33) which are connected in sequence, and the crusher (33) is connected with the blade particle inlet (36) through a first auger (34).
3. The waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the air extraction ports are respectively arranged at the upstream of the economizer (5) and the air preheater (6) of the tail flue (4), the pipeline connecting the two air extraction ports is respectively provided with a first stop valve (10) and a second stop valve (11), and the connecting pipeline between the first stop valve (10) and the second stop valve (11) and the flue gas inlet (35) of the pyrolyzer is provided with a first induced draft fan (12).
4. The waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the plenum (13) is gradually enlarged from the pyrolyzer flue gas inlet (35) to the air distribution plate (23); the pyrolyzer flue gas inlet (35) is located at the center of the bottom of the plenum (13).
5. The waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system comprises a second cyclone separator (15) and a third cyclone separator (16) which are connected in series in two stages, a gas outlet of the second cyclone separator (15) is connected with an inlet of the third cyclone separator (16), a bottom outlet of the second cyclone separator (15) and a bottom outlet of the third cyclone separator (16) are both connected with the collecting and conveying device (22), a sixth stop valve (17) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the bottom outlet of the second cyclone separator (15) and the collecting and conveying device (22), and a seventh stop valve (18) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the bottom outlet of the third cyclone separator (16) and the collecting and conveying device (22); the gas outlet of the third cyclone (16) is connected with a pyrolysis oil separation system.
6. The waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis oil separation system comprises a spray cooler (28), a plurality of spray nozzles (27) are arranged inside the spray cooler (28), the spray cooler (28) is provided with a cooling water outlet (29), a pyrolysis oil outlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the pyrolysis oil outlet is connected with a pyrolysis oil storage bin (47), and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the furnace chamber (1).
7. The waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system according to claim 6, wherein a demister (46) is arranged at a pyrolysis gas outlet, and a second induced draft fan (44) and a fifth stop valve (45) are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pyrolysis gas outlet and the hearth (1).
8. The working method of the waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
the waste blades are processed by a crushing and crushing system to become blade particles and then are conveyed to a blade particle inlet (36); one part of the high-temperature circulating ash separated by the first cyclone separator (3) is conveyed into the pyrolysis reactor (9), smoke extracted by an extraction opening on the tail flue (4) enters the pyrolysis reactor (9) from a pyrolyzer smoke inlet (35) and flows through the air chamber (13) and the air cap (14) to enter the pyrolysis chamber as fluidized smoke, so that the fluidized smoke is used for fully mixing the blade particles with the high-temperature circulating ash for pyrolysis; gaseous pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, fluidized flue gas and fine particles are discharged from a pyrolysis gas outlet (38) together, and after passing through a pyrolysis gas-solid separation system, solid particles and pyrolysis semicoke discharged from a semicoke outlet (39) enter an aggregate and conveying device (22) together and are then sent back to the hearth (1) to be burned; pyrolysis gas flowing out of the pyrolysis gas-solid separation system enters a pyrolysis oil separation system, and separated pyrolysis oil enters a pyrolysis oil storage bin (47) for further treatment.
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| CN202110256548.2A CN113046107B (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2021-03-09 | Waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and working method thereof |
| PCT/CN2021/114589 WO2022188369A1 (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2021-08-25 | Waste wind turbine blade pyrolysis recovery system and working method therefor |
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| CN113046107B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-11-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and working method thereof |
| CN115815284A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-03-21 | 北京工商大学 | Device system and method for resource utilization of waste wind power blades |
| CN114260296A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-01 | 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 | System and method for wind power blade resource disposal based on coal-fired power plant |
| CN114653729B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-07-25 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Retired fan blade vacuum pyrolysis treatment recovery method |
| CN116021679A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-04-28 | 中国华电科工集团有限公司 | Whole processing apparatus of retired fan blade |
| CN116116884B (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-06-20 | 中国华电科工集团有限公司 | Blade recovery system and recovery method |
| CN116274288B (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-08 | 国能龙源环保有限公司 | Method for recycling waste wind power blades |
| CN117053185B (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2024-04-09 | 西安交通大学 | Transformation system for fire-pressing peak-shaving of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| DE4117444C2 (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1993-11-11 | Babcock Anlagen Gmbh | Process for treating residues from a waste incineration plant and waste incineration plant for carrying out the process |
| CN100582197C (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2010-01-20 | 浙江大学 | Circulating fluidized bed heat-power-gas-tar multi-joint-production apparatus and method |
| CN102944008B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-10-28 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | The system that a kind of double fluidized bed combustion stove prevents boiler heating surface from staiing |
| CN102937290B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-08-26 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | The double-fluidized-bed system preventing boiler from staiing of a kind of external bed |
| CN103881761B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-11-18 | 山西潞安矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of coal pyrolytic gasified multi-joint-production apparatus based on circulating fluidized bed and technique |
| CN106281372B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2022-01-14 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Pyrolysis reactor utilizing solid heat carrier and continuous pyrolysis method |
| CN111442260B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-11-08 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司国华电力分公司 | Coal combustion system and method for industrial boiler |
| CN112268284A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-01-26 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed boiler system for incinerating waste blades and working method thereof |
| CN113046107B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-11-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Waste fan blade pyrolysis recovery system and working method thereof |
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