CN1844747B - Cement rotary kiln and incinerator combined treatment system for urban domestic refuse - Google Patents
Cement rotary kiln and incinerator combined treatment system for urban domestic refuse Download PDFInfo
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- CN1844747B CN1844747B CN200610076668XA CN200610076668A CN1844747B CN 1844747 B CN1844747 B CN 1844747B CN 200610076668X A CN200610076668X A CN 200610076668XA CN 200610076668 A CN200610076668 A CN 200610076668A CN 1844747 B CN1844747 B CN 1844747B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a system for using cement rotary kiln and incinerator to process life waste of city. It comprises a waste incinerator, a cement generator, a controller and several channels. Itis characterized in that: said waste incinerator comprises rotary waste incinerator (7), waste feeder (6), waste tank (4), bag deduster (3) and wind discharger (2); said cement generator comprises acement rotary kiln (15) whose head is connected to a material cooling device (21) and end is connected to a preheat device (12); said waste incinerator, cement generator and several channels form a closed system. The invention can be used to treat city life waste, while its heat and slag can be utilized, with lower pollution discharge and lower cost, without secondary treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to innoxious, the resource treatment technique of a kind of discarded object, be specifically related to a kind of
System and application thereof with cement rotary kiln and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste.
Background technology
The domestic waste of China's generation in a year at present is up to 1.5 hundred million tons, and the house refuse amount of storing up over the years at peri-urban has reached 6,000,000,000 tons, has occupied about 500,000,000 square metres ground.In recent years, China's domestic waste growth rate is very fast, and annual growth has reached 9%, and a few cities has reached 15～20%.Rubbish is directly stacked and simple and easy landfill yard discharges a large amount of pernicious gases to atmosphere, wherein also contains carcinogenic substance; Rubbish produces a large amount of acidity and alkaline organic pollution in stacking decay process, and the heavy metal in the dissolving discharging garbage, form organic matter, heavy metal and the Trinitarian pollution sources of pathogenic microorganism, in addition, sanitary fill has also the time explosion accident to take place, and has potential safety hazard.The huge house refuse of these quantity constitutes the threat that is on the rise to city and greenbelt ecological environment.
Now, waste incineration and generating electricity has become the main path that developed country handles house refuse.But, contain a large amount of SO in the waste incineration furnace exhaust gas
2, NO
XDeng poisonous and harmful components such as sour gas and dioxin (Dioxin), heavy metals; Cinder contains poisonous and harmful substances such as various heavy, if stack on the spot or simple landfill, not only land occupation, and heavy metal ion also can stripping, causes water environment is formed secondary pollution.The major defect of waste incineration and generating electricity is: 1, the ton investment is 50～800,000 yuan, 90～200 yuan of running costs, and the investment operation is too high.2, the heat energy utilization rate is the highest has only 25%, some in addition be lower than 5%, utilization rate is too low.3, generally to replenish mineral matter fuel in the running.4, lime-ash is wanted otherwise processed.5, pernicious gas such as dioxin removes system complex in the waste gas.House refuse is polluted and to its effective utilization, the new method of existing industrial treatment house refuse is all sought by various countries in order to eliminate.
The cement kiln burning waste is based on the heat that utilizes discarded object at first, and fuel to reduce the manufacture of cement cost, just carried out for environmental protection requirement afterwards as an alternative.Domestic cement plant was also once burnt the waste oil ink residue, was burnt danger wastes etc., and these discarded objects are in cement kiln and directly burn, and require the discarded object calorific value to want height or treating capacity less than 10% of clinker.And China's domestic waste repeatedly chosen by the ragpicker and got valuable thing, and its calorific value, moisture, ash content are respectively 5000kJ/kg, 48%, about 25%, compares with the advanced country house refuse, has obviously that calorific value is low, moisture and a high feature of ash content.Directly handle domestic waste in cement kiln, the rubbish that calorific value is low will destroy the balance of the hot system of cement kiln; The volume of rubbish also influences kiln system and ventilates; Thereby influence the output and the cement clinker quality of cement kiln.We can say, can not directly a large amount of processing primary domestic wastes in cement kiln.The domestic waste external low for calorific value, that moisture is high often through after the letter sorting preliminary treatment, is made derivatived fuel, and the cement plant substitutes fossil fuel with derivatived fuel.Above-mentioned letter sorting and derivatived fuel preparation system are very complicated, the operating cost height; The working environment of workers is poor simultaneously, even reveals, and forms to external world and pollutes; Neither a kind of desirable primary city house refuse treatment method.
Chinese patent application numbers 200410000031.3 has proposed " domestic rubbish disposal and cement rotary kiln combined producing process ".House refuse is burned the flue gas more than 850 ℃ that produces in incinerator introduce in the preheating of cement dry method rotary kiln raw material, the predecomposition equipment, utilize the auxiliary thermal source of the heat of this part flue gas as preheating, predecomposition cement slurry, utilize cement preheater, predecomposition equipment, conditioning Tower and deduster that the flue gas of burning away the refuse is carried out purified treatment, the hot air dries of utilizing cement clinker cooler to discharge is gone into the waste residue after factory's rubbish, the waste incineration
Composite material as clinker.This method only represents to handle the rubbish after the screening, does not propose the equipment that adapts with the method; Only propose to go into factory's rubbish with the hot air dries that chamotte cooler is discharged, which type of but in equipment, dry, how next process of rubbish that how to extract after hot air dries and the oven dry not have explanation, and how same rubbish feeds incinerator and combustion air from where coming not have description.Thereby the processing primary domestic waste is still very difficult.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of system and application thereof of the primary urban garbage disposal at China's primary domestic waste moisture height, ash content height, characteristics that calorific value is low.Not only to overcome the major defect of waste incineration and generating electricity, also will avoid in cement kiln, directly handling the adverse effect that cause of domestic waste, improve the garbage treatment quantity of production unit clinker manufacture of cement.
The present invention comes the primary domestic waste of Combined Treatment by on the cement rotary kiln side incinerator being set, extract the combustion air of the hot-air of cooling clinker from the cement kiln head-shield as burning city domestic garbage, rubbish is burned by rubbish feeding machine feeding swinging incinerator, the hot flue gas that produces after burning is introduced the cement kiln end system and is provided heat for cement slurry decomposes, the lime-ash that produces after the waste incineration directly enters cement rotary kiln as the raw material of producing clinker or as cement mixture, the computerized control coordinated operation of refuse burning system and cement firing system, the pernicious gases such as garbage pool stink of depositing rubbish are transported to chamotte cooler and contact with high temperature chamotte after bag dust collector is removed dust, pernicious gases such as stink are decomposed, burning.
The present invention designs according to combustible Theory of Combustion, castoff burning harmless treatment theory, sour gas and alkaline matter chemical reaction are theoretical.Theory of Combustion shows: the heat that substance combustion produces is less than the heat that distributes, ignition temperature just reduces gradually, extinguish so that can not burn voluntarily, the calorific value of ignition temperature and combustible and the temperature of combustion air are relevant, the calorific value height of material, the temperature height of combustion air, the temperature of substance combustion are just high.Castoff burning harmless treatment theory shows: temperature is lower than 900 ℃ and can not get harmless treatment during castoff burning, and primary house refuse is burned voluntarily with natural air and do not reached this temperature, reach 900 ℃, must replenish mineral matter fuel.The present invention makes the incineration firing air with the hot-air of cooling behind the clinker, and the hot-air that extracts from kiln hood can reach about 800 ℃, and refuse thermal value is low, moisture is high thereby solved, and does not replenish mineral matter fuel with the natural air low problem of ignition temperature voluntarily.Generally speaking, make the incineration firing air, the incineration firing temperature is reached about 1100 ℃, make that harmful substance wipes out in the rubbish with the hot-air of cooling behind the clinker.Under hot conditions, pernicious gases such as foul smell resolve into the principle of innocuous substance, and pernicious gases such as the foul smell of garbage pool are transported to the cement clinker cooler front portion, here contact with grog about 1400 ℃, are broken down into innocuous substance and purify.
To achieve these goals, according to above-mentioned theory, the present invention adopts technical scheme as follows: the system of a kind of cement rotary kiln and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste comprises garbage combustion device, cement manufacture plant, control device and plurality of conduits; Wherein, cement manufacture plant comprises cement rotary kiln, kiln hood cover, chamotte cooler, preheater and air blast; The kiln hood of cement rotary kiln is communicated with chamotte cooler by the kiln hood cover, and its kiln tail is connected with preheater by uptake flue; Its characteristics are: described garbage combustion device comprises swinging incinerator, rubbish feeding machine, rubbish storage pond, sack cleaner and the exhaust blower that is communicated with successively, wherein, the head-shield of swinging incinerator is communicated with described kiln hood cover by hot air duct, and the afterbody of this swinging incinerator is provided with and is used to arrange air valve and the flue that unloads incineration residue; This air valve is connected with described cement rotary kiln kiln tail by a pipeline; Exhaust blower is communicated with described air blast by connecting pipe.
Cement manufacture plant in the such scheme is if having only preheater not have dore furnace, and the hot flue gas after the swinging incinerator is burnt away the refuse directly enters described preheater through flue; If between the kiln tail of cement rotary kiln and preheater dore furnace is set, the hot flue gas that the swinging incinerator is discharged is introduced into this dore furnace by flue, enters preheater again.
If between the kiln tail of cement rotary kiln and preheater, reacting furnace is set, substitute dore furnace, at this moment, the hot flue gas that the swinging incinerator is discharged is introduced into reacting furnace through flue, enter preheater again, use by reacting furnace to connect the Combined Treatment that preheater is realized above-mentioned rubbish.
The capital equipment that the present invention adopts comprises rubbish feeding machine, swinging incinerator and cement rotary kiln, and wherein rubbish feeding machine and swinging incinerator are the inventive point of this patent, and cement rotary kiln then adopts prior art.
The rubbish feeding machine designs rubbish feeding swinging incinerator with the method for forcing to push, and it is one rubbish stored the mechanism that little storehouse, drawing-in device, material poking device, emission of baiting chute are combined into one.It is a cone that rubbish stores little storehouse, suitable for reading big, following young, is made by steel plate materials; Rubbish stores little storehouse and emission of baiting chute inner liner abrasive resistant and corrosion resistance material, to increase the service life; Rubbish stores little storehouse and is welded to connect on the top of emission of baiting chute, the general angle at 45 of elephant trunk center line and horizontal plane, and drawing-in device is arranged in the upper end of elephant trunk; The charging ram that drawing-in device is pawled by 2～4 bands, power set, support and fixture are formed, charging ram is consistent with the emission of baiting chute layout angle, in emission of baiting chute, replace pusher, when charging ram advances, be positioned at pawling of charging ram front end and open, advance rubbish, when charging ram retreats, be positioned at pawling of charging ram front end and close up, avoid taking back rubbish and reduce the backhaul resistance; Power set adopt hydraulic pressure or pneumatic means to realize that charging ram moves back and forth, and also can adopt motor-operated pinion and rack, and the rotation by motor moves back and forth charging ram; Adjust the rubbish feed quantity by the speed of service of adjusting charging ram; Rubbish also is equipped with the material poking device close with charging ram on the little storehouse, and it does not need speed governing, just takes place just to move in the time of maybe may stopping up to elephant trunk at little storehouse rubbish.Why adopting the said equipment feeding, is because crude waste complicated component, unit weight are little, not only relies on dead weight not slip into incinerator from warehouse voluntarily, and will tie arch in warehouse, is difficult to move down.The present invention pushes rubbish with the method for thrust, also installs material poking device at the rubbish warehouse simultaneously, forces rubbish to move down.The emission of baiting chute of rubbish feeding machine stretches into the incinerator cylindrical shell by the incinerator head-shield, and emission of baiting chute and incinerator head-shield junction connect with bolt seal.
The swinging incinerator by can rotating cylindrical tube, the transmission device of the head-shield that is installed on the cylindrical shell head, the hood that is installed on the cylindrical shell afterbody, sealing device, bracing or strutting arrangement, adjustable speed, be loaded on stock guide, distribution grid and lifting heat-exchange device in the cylindrical shell, be loaded on heat insulation and refractory material in the cylindrical shell etc. and form.Cylindrical shell becomes 2 °～5 ° to be in tilted layout with horizontal plane, head is in a high position.Head-shield and hood maintain static, rubbish and the hot-air that attracts from cement rotary kiln kiln hood cover all enter from head-shield, rubbish mixes with hot-air in swinging waste incineration furnace tube, dried, water evaporates is burned then, the tilted gyroscopic action of cylindrical shell of rubbish that is burning and lime-ash, move forward, hot flue gas is drawn by hood under the effect of cement kiln end blower fan draft, lime-ash by hood unload come out of the stove outside.Characteristics of the present invention are to design and install stock guide, distribution grid, the lifting heat-exchange device that can adapt to the rubbish oven dry and burn in the incinerator cylindrical shell.Stock guide is a rectangle, becomes 30 °～45 degree with the cylindrical shell center line, and welding or bolt are connected the cylindrical shell front portion.Distribution grid is contained in bolt after the stock guide of barrel front end, and 12～24 distribution grids are along a uniform week of cylindrical shell inner periphery.Have the strip hole on the distribution grid, when distribution grid is accepted rubbish, hot blast is passed through, here rubbish fully contacts with hot blast, and hot blast is evenly distributed on the stove cross section.Percent opening on the distribution grid improves percent opening greater than 60% under the situation of proof strength.The lifting heat-exchange device is made up of the polylith lifting blade, shape or staggered layout in the shape of a spiral in cylindrical shell.The heat resisting steel manufacturing of monolithic lifting blade according to role in cylindrical shell, is made different surface configurations, is connected on the cylindrical shell with angled welding of cylindrical shell center line or bolt.
Rubbish is through burning, and combustible is oxidized to CO
2And H
2O also can generate SO
2, pernicious gas such as nitrogen oxide, chloride.Air, dust after above-mentioned gas and the burning are formed incineration flue gas.Also have materials such as effumability heavy metal in the flue gas.For the cement kiln of band dore furnace, incineration flue gas enters dore furnace.For the preheater cement kiln, the reacting furnace that can be sprinkled into the raw material powder that adds the preheating that a part of preheater secondary tube (from number down) collects that incineration flue gas is provided with by the present invention earlier.In above-mentioned two kinds of situations, flue gas of refuse burning provides heat, makes the CaCO in the raw material powder
3Resolve into CaO and CO
2, newborn CaO is active very high alkaline matter, just the SO in the flue gas of refuse burning
2, pernicious gases such as nitrogen oxide, chloride absorb and generate harmless salt, suppressing dioxin-like chemical generates, in the dore furnace and preheater of manufacture of cement, dust concentration is quite high, also can adsorb the materials such as effumability heavy metal in the flue gas of refuse burning, enter cement kiln and be combined into clinker.After flue gas of refuse burning goes out incinerator, mix through flue more than 10 meters and cement kiln gas.The high-temperature time that flue gas of refuse burning is in more than 900 ℃ surpasses 5 seconds, transmits heat through preheaters at different levels to cement slurry again, and the waste incineration heat obtains utilizing.Flue gas of refuse burning temperature through multistage heat exchange reduces gradually, because and the mixing of cement kiln gas, the flue gas of refuse burning concentration of narmful substance reduces, be in overbasic environment again, the mist that goes out the cement kiln end preheater is through conditioning Tower or to enter raw mill all be rapid temperature-fall period, has contained flue gas of refuse burning regenerating in cooling procedure dioxin harmful substance.By after the dedusting of cement kiln end waste gas system, reach the discharging of environmental protection discharge standard at last.
For the reacting furnace main body of preheater cement kiln setting of the present invention by increase in pipeline, charging aperture, material-strewing device, form with the cylindrical furnace of two gradient helical form spiral cases, fire-resistant and heat-barrier material.Material-strewing device is installed in the increase in pipeline, and material-strewing device is made of conical material distributing cone and adjustment location means.Raw material from cement preheater secondary tube (from counting down) are sprinkled into from charging aperture, are scattered in the air-flow under the effect of material distributing cone and ascending air, radially mix through air inlet volute material gas, and raw material absorb the heat of gas and decomposite CaO and CO
2, newborn CaO is the SO in the flue gas of refuse burning
2, pernicious gases such as nitrogen oxide, chloride absorb and generate harmless salt, suppress dioxin-like chemical and generate, mixed airflow flows out from outlet volute, is mixed into next stage preheater with the kiln exhaust gas body.
Cinder from refuse incineration discharges out of the furnace through lock wind unloading valve because the revolution conveying effect of incinerator focuses in the ash bucket of hood.Lime-ash is gone into kiln and is incorporated among the clinker as raw material, or directly discharges as cement mixture.
The present invention is equipped with temperature and pressure checking device on the pipeline of system and incinerator, reacting furnace, on the main pipeline electronic or operated pneumatic valve is housed also, utilizes computer technology, according to parameters such as temperature and pressures refuse burning system is controlled in good time.
The present invention has not only proposed to handle with cement rotary kiln the combined system of domestic waste, and the concrete grammar that has proposed to utilize this system combined processing domestic waste to use, its treatment step is: the kiln hood cover place by described cement rotary kiln extracts combustion air, and this combustion air burns the rubbish of sending in it in hot air duct is sent into the swinging incinerator; Hot flue gas after the burning after the preheater heat exchange again through the exhaust treatment system emission abatement of described cement rotary kiln; Lime-ash after the burning draws off through the aft mounted air valve of swinging incinerator, directly enters described cement rotary kiln as the raw material of producing clinker or efflux as cement mixture; The rubbish that deposit in described rubbish storage pond, its stink and pernicious gas are removed dust after connecting pipe is transported to chamotte cooler contacts with high temperature chamotte through the sack cleaner that is connected with rubbish storage pond, with described stink and pernicious gas decomposition, burn.
Between the kiln tail of above-mentioned cement rotary kiln and the preheater dore furnace can be set, the hot flue gas that the swinging incinerator is discharged is introduced into dore furnace by flue, enters preheater again.
Also a reacting furnace can be set between the kiln tail of above-mentioned cement rotary kiln and the described preheater, substitute dore furnace with reacting furnace; The hot flue gas that the swinging incinerator is discharged is introduced into reacting furnace through flue, enters preheater again.
The present invention has following obvious advantage: at first utilize the hot-air of clinker cooling as combustion air at China's primary municipal refuse moisture height, characteristics that calorific value is low, utilize industrial exhaust heat, saved or reduced the mineral matter fuel that general waste incineration need add.The second, at the primary domestic waste complicated component of China, can divide and detect the few characteristics of valuable article, designed the swinging incinerator that can adapt to primary burning city domestic garbage, saved the rubbish sorting system, reduced the garbage disposal expense.The 3rd, waste incineration heat energy is directly used in the preheating and the decomposition of cement slurry, avoided the energy conversion loss of waste incineration and generating electricity, improved rubbish heat energy utilization rate.The 4th, the rubbish drawing-in device of design effectively prevents the obstruction of primary domestic waste at little storehouse of rubbish and tremie pipe, and it is convenient to adjust feeding capacity.The 5th, flue gas of refuse burning enters cement kiln dore furnace and preheater, and materials such as pernicious gas are absorbed by alkaline matter, the pernicious gas generation is few, with the shared cover exhaust treatment system of cement kiln gas, treatment effect is good, and exhausted air quantity lacks when carrying out respectively than manufacture of cement and waste incineration.The 6th, cinder from refuse incineration all is used for manufacture of cement, does not have secondary emission and pollution problem.The 7th, for the cement kiln that preheater is only arranged,, improved the raw material resolution ratio owing to add the heat of waste incineration at the kiln tail, promptly improved cement kiln output.The 8th, SR is low, can with the shared exhaust blower of cement production system, simplified the refuse burning system technological process.The 9th, refuse burning system only is connected with pipeline with the cement kiln production system, and when not having waste incineration or refuse burning system fault, two systems can isolate easily, does not influence the production of cement firing system.The tenth, pernicious gases such as garbage pool foul smell are introduced cement clinker cooler and are handled, and process is simple, processing is thorough.In a word, adopt the present invention to handle domestic waste, adaptability is strong, and the heat energy and the lime-ash of rubbish all utilize, and pollutant emission is low, does not need after-treatment, reduced investment, and running expense is low, is a kind of harmless treatment process of rubbish complete utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the rotary kiln that is applicable to the band dore furnace is handled the domestic waste process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 only is applicable to handle the domestic waste process flow diagram with the rotary kiln of preheater;
Fig. 3 is a rubbish feeding machine structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a rotary incinerator structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a reacting furnace structural representation of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with above accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are described further.
As shown in Figure 1, municipal garbage handlebar municipal refuse is transported to factory, pours rubbish storage pond 4 into by the chute door in rubbish storage pond 4 after metering, topples over the back chute door that finishes and closes automatically.The rubbish that is discharged into is observed by large windows outside 4 structures of rubbish storage pond by the operator, and remote-controlled operation grasping operation device 5 is sent into the little storehouse of rubbish feeding machine 6, and rubbish feeding machine 6 is rubbish feeding swinging incinerator 7.
Show through experiment and theory analysis, make the waste incineration air with the cement clinker cooler hot blast, make incineration temperature reach 900 ℃, rubbish low level combustion calorific value should surpass 4000kJ/kg, for guaranteeing that the waste incineration temperature is above 900 ℃, even higher, regulation rubbish Lower heat value is all above 4500kJ/kg, and these actual conditions with present China municipal refuse mean calorie are close.Have when entering factory, higher calorific value rubbish and its collocation must be arranged, otherwise do not allow into factory than waste of low heating value than waste of low heating value.
The rubbish of calorific value 4500kJ/kg burns in incinerator, when the combustion air temperature is 300 ℃, just makes incineration temperature reach 900 ℃, and when the temperature of combustion air reached 600 ℃, incineration temperature can reach 1100 ℃.About 5000kJ/kg, refuse burning system can make incineration temperature maintain 900 ℃～1100 ℃ from the cooler hot blast of 300～600 ℃ of temperature of cement kiln kiln hood extraction according to China's rubbish mean calorie.
The hot blast that waste incineration is used is extracted by the kiln hood cover 1 of cement rotary kiln 15, and by the head-shield of hot air duct 19 introducing swinging incinerators 7, hot air duct 19 is provided with electric control valve 18 and cold blast sliding valve 17.Control valve 18 can be controlled the quantity of hot air into incinerator, also plays a part to regulate the resistance balance of incinerator system and cement kiln system.Regulating the cold air amount of mixing by cold blast sliding valve 17 can regulate and enter swinging incinerator 7 hot air temperatures.Hot-air passes swinging incinerator 7 front portions under the draft of cement kiln end blower fan distribution grid contacts with the rubbish of feeding, conducts heat to rubbish, makes its oven dry, and lifting blade is kicked up part lightweight rubbish, more helps the evaporation of its moisture.Just lighted when the effect that rubbish is rotated in stove moves forward to the higher temperature section and burned.
Above-mentioned said higher temperature section is that the ignition phase before the incinerator operation forms.Its process is watered waste oil for to stack timber in stove, and it is ignited, and also adds part of coal sometimes on timber, just feeds rubbish when furnace temperature rises to a certain degree.This process is basic consistent with the ignition process of cement rotary kiln.Rubbish burns in this section, and its liberated heat continues to keep the condition of high temperature of this section.
Rubbish is repeatedly kicked up by lifting blade in burning process, thereby fully contacts completing combustion with hot-air.Burning the hot flue gas that produces draws from swinging incinerator 7 hood gas outlets, link or directly insert dore furnace 11 through flue 9 and clinker firing system tertiary-air pipe 16, flow control valve 10 is housed on flue 9, regulate flue gas flow, equilibrium water stall system and refuse incinerator system resistance by valve opening.Be introduced into that remaining oxygen participates in burning of coal in the dore furnace 11 in the flue gas of refuse burning of dore furnace 11, provide heat for cement slurry decomposes jointly.Mist further transmits heat to raw material through cement kiln preheaters 12 at different levels.Flue gas of refuse burning is the heat that cement slurry provides, and has reduced dore furnace and has fed the feed coal amount of device for coal 14 to dore furnace 11, and the waste gas that goes out preheater is purified by the cement kiln end exhaust treatment system.The air valve 8 of cinder under swinging incinerator 7 hoods after the swinging incinerator burns enters cement rotary kiln 15 or effluxes.
The cement rotary kiln firing system of band dore furnace 11 and its binding site of burning city domestic garbage of the present invention system have everywhere, first place is for to draw hot-air from cement rotary kiln 15 kiln hood covers, second place for the high-temperature flue gas of drawing from swinging incinerator 7 hoods on the tertiary-air pipe of advancing before the dore furnace 11 16 or directly to enter dore furnace 11, the three places be the lime-ash that unloads of swinging incinerator 7 hoods through air valve 8 to cement rotary kiln 15 or efflux.The enters the anterior air blast contact of cooler for rubbish storage pond 4 gases everywhere.
The cooperation of each equipment operation of refuse burning system and cement kiln system is by computer-controlled electrical system 23 controls.
Dore furnace 11, preheater 12, hello device for coal 14, cement rotary kiln 15, tertiary-air pipe 16, chamotte cooler 21, air blast 20 are cement manufacture plant among Fig. 1.
What particularly point out is: the tertiary-air pipe of refuse burning system and cement kiln is the setting of branch two paths among Fig. 1, this two paths can merge in force, promptly replace tertiary-air pipe with refuse burning system, or the cement production system tertiary-air pipe disconnected, insert refuse burning system, so whole system is simpler, controls more convenient.
Describe the rotary kiln that only is applicable to preheater below in conjunction with Fig. 2 and handle the domestic waste technological process.The difference of Fig. 2 and Fig. 1 is to be provided with a reacting furnace 13 before swinging incinerator 7 hot flue gases advance preheater 12, and this reacting furnace 13 is equivalent to the dore furnace 11 of Fig. 1.In reacting furnace 13, the raw material pruinescence vertical lifting air-flow and the swirling eddy that get off from cement preheater 12 secondary whirlwind tubes reciprocal disperse, and the heat that the part lime stone absorbs hot flue gas resolves into CaO, newborn CaO and the S0 in the flue gas
2Become salt etc. the harmful substance reaction bonded, thereby reduce the concentration of harmful substance in the flue gas.Hot flue gas is carrying raw material, analyte, chemical reactant and is being discharged the subordinate whirlwind tube that enters kiln preheater 12 with cement kiln end gas by reacting furnace 13 outlets.Fig. 2 part identical with Fig. 1 be repeated description no longer.
Cement rotary kiln and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste, the burning amount of rubbish can be calculated by the cement kiln clinker output, calorific value is at the rubbish of 5000kJ/kg, ash content is about 25%, produce 1 ton of clinker and can handle 0.2 ton of rubbish, lime-ash accounts for 5% of grog, through the lime-ash of high temperature incineration very high activity is arranged, and can not influence cement clinker quality.But production line disposal of refuse 200 ton per days of 1000 tons of clinkers of daily output, but production line disposal of refuse 1000 ton per days of 5000 tons of clinkers of daily output.The rubbish that ash content is low, calorific value is high can increase treating capacity, and the rubbish that calorific value is low can reduce treating capacity, and the burning amount of general rubbish is (0.15～0.4) t/ (a t grog).Should take all factors into consideration various conditions aborning, determine suitable treating capacity.
The structure and the operation principle of rubbish feeding machine are described below in conjunction with Fig. 3.The rubbish feeding machine is stored little storehouse 28, material poking device 30, drawing-in device 25, emission of baiting chute 33, is disclosed material drive unit 31 by rubbish, feed drive 24, and fixture 26, support 32, charging bar 27, material poking rod 29 constitute.Rubbish stores in little storehouse 28 and the emission of baiting chute 33 can serve as a contrast wear-resisting or resistant material.When in rubbish stores little storehouse 28 rubbish being arranged, the charging bar 27 that feed drive 24 drives drawing-in device 25 moves forward, and pawling of charging bar 27 front portions opened, promotion rubbish moves down, rubbish is sent in the incinerator, and charging bar 27 retreats then, and another charging bar 27 moves pusher forward.When charging bar 27 retreated, anterior pawling was subjected to the resistance of rubbish and closes up, and charging bar 27 can be return easily, and charging bar 27 moves and so forth, and rubbish is entered in the incinerator continually.Opening and closing up of pawling is by the ramp structure of pawling and is welded in that alignment pin on pawling realizes.The speed of running gear operation is realized by adjusting feed drive 24 speed by the control device of representing among Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 23, thus the quantity of adjustment rubbish feeding incinerator.If it is not smooth that rubbish stores 28 blankings of little storehouse at rubbish, just can start material poking device 30, material poking rod 29 moves under the driving of disclosing material drive unit 31, the same drawing-in device of the method for operation, difference is that it does not need speed governing.The emission of baiting chute 33 of rubbish feeding machine stretches into the incinerator cylindrical shell by the incinerator head-shield, emission of baiting chute 33 and the sealing of incinerator head-shield junction.The rubbish feeding machine is when work, and rubbish stores little storehouse 28 and remains a certain amount of rubbish, stops cool ambient air to enter in the incinerator from the rubbish feeding machine.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 swinging waste incineration furnace structure is described and control device 23 controls in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, represented under operation principle.Fig. 5 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 4.Incinerator is by become 2 °～5 ° inclination angles to arrange and can rotating cylindrical tube 38 with horizontal plane, the head-shield 35 of cylindrical tube 38 front ends, the hood 40 of rear end, be loaded on stock guide 42, distribution grid 43, anterior lifting blade 45, middle part lifting blade 46, rear portion lifting blade 47, flame-proof thermal insulation material 44 on the cylindrical tube 38, drive apparatus 39, supporting arrangement 37 are formed.All be lined with fire-resistant heat insulating material in head-shield 35, the hood 40, also be provided with peep hole 34 and hot-air inlets 36 on the head-shield 35, according to the difference of technology arrangement, hot-air inlets 36 can be linked in top, bottom or the side of head-shield 35.Hood 40 is provided with manhole door 41.Flue gas after the burning is discharged from the top of hood 40, and lime-ash draws off from the bottom of hood 40.With the sealing device sealing, reduce bleeding of running cool ambient air between cylindrical tube 38 and head-shield 35, the hood 40, the sealing device is identical with kiln hood, the kiln tail sealing device of existing cement rotary kiln.
Before rubbish is gone into kiln, at first the timber of igniting are put into the middle part of furnace tube, can water used oil on the timber, and addition portion divides lump coal,, improve furnace body temperature, treat that furnace temperature rises to 900 ℃ and can feed rubbish to prolong ignition time from the manhole door 41 of hood 40.In the rubbish feeding incinerator, at first fall within on the distribution grid 43, distribution grid 43 has 45 °～60 ° angles of inclination with cylinder inner surface, has increased distribution area, thereby has increased the contact-making surface of rubbish and combustion air.The granular material that sees through distribution grid 43 holes is by stock guide 42 guiding, passing distribution grid 43 following holes moves forward, rubbish is subjected to tilted cylindrical envelope shape cylindrical shell 38 gyroscopic actions and carries, be subjected to the effect of lifting blade, material is constantly thrown, increased the chance that contacts with hot-air, evaporation along with moisture, the low material of burning-point at first fire burns, combustible substance is after-flame gradually, form lime-ash, lime-ash is subjected to rear portion lifting blade effect, is broken and kicks up, and the partial density that burns is big, the partial density that does not burn is little, separated in the process of kicking up, the part that does not burn is further burning with more abundant contact of hot-air, and the lime-ash that burns falls into the ash bucket of hood bottom at last, draws off through air valve.Hot flue gas after the burning is discharged from the escape pipe on hood 40 tops.In the running, the operator can watch the situation of waste incineration by the peep hole 34 of head-shield 35, adjusts rubbish feed quantity and incinerator rotating speed in conjunction with the indication of temperature and pressure.The draw ratio of incinerator is 5～10, and maximum speed changes less than per minute 8, and speed ratio is 1/5～1/10.
The structure and the operation principle of reacting furnace are described below in conjunction with Fig. 6.Reacting furnace is by increase in pipeline 50, steel band double helix volute cylindrical furnace 53, fire-resistant heat insulating material 52, and raw material add inlet 49, material-strewing device 51, material-strewing device adjuster 48, air outlet 55, supporting base 54 formations.Add inlet 49 facing to material-strewing device 51 blankings from the collected preheated raw meal of secondary whirlwind tube (from counting down) through raw material, material-strewing device adjuster 48 can be regulated the position of material-strewing device, raw material are dropped on the material-strewing device 51, material-strewing device 51 is a taper seat, the material powder periphery that drops on the taper seat is let go, roll material from the ascending air of increase in pipeline 50, the raw material powder is subjected to the effect of spiral case again and radially mixes entering reacting furnace, evenly distributes in hot flue gas.Gas-solid mutually uniform mist advances by body of heater shape spiral in reacting furnace, and the calcium carbonate endothermic decomposition becomes CaO in the solid phase, then with gas phase in SO
2Generate salt Deng pernicious gas reaction, harmful gas concentration reduces, and mist exports out from reacting furnace and enters the next stage whirlwind tube of preheater, above-mentioned be reflected at out the pipeline of reacting furnace and enter in the cement preheater still can proceed.
Claims (10)
1. the system of cement rotary kiln and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste comprises garbage combustion device, cement manufacture plant, control device and plurality of conduits; Wherein, cement manufacture plant comprises cement rotary kiln (15), kiln hood cover (1), chamotte cooler (21), preheater (12) and air blast (20); The kiln hood of described cement rotary kiln (15) is communicated with described chamotte cooler (21) by kiln hood cover (1), and its kiln tail is connected with described preheater (12) by pipeline; It is characterized in that: described garbage combustion device comprises swinging incinerator (7), rubbish feeding machine (6), rubbish storage pond (4), the sack cleaner (3) and exhaust blower (2) that is communicated with successively, wherein, the head-shield of swinging incinerator (7) is communicated with described kiln hood cover (1) by hot air duct (19), and the afterbody of swinging incinerator (7) is provided with and is used to arrange the air valve (8) and flue (9) that unloads incineration residue; This air valve (8) is connected with described cement rotary kiln (15) kiln tail by a pipeline; Exhaust blower (2) is communicated with described air blast (20) by connecting pipe (22).
2. the system of cement rotary kiln according to claim 1 and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste, it is characterized in that: be provided with dore furnace (11) between described cement rotary kiln (15) and the described preheater (12), described swinging incinerator (7) afterbody is communicated with described dore furnace (11) through flue (9).
3. the system of cement rotary kiln according to claim 1 and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste, it is characterized in that: have additional reacting furnace (13) between the kiln tail of described cement rotary kiln (15) and the described preheater (12), described swinging incinerator (7) afterbody is communicated with described reacting furnace (13) through flue (9).
4. according to the system of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described cement rotary kilns and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste, it is characterized in that: described rubbish feeding machine (6) stores little storehouse (28), drawing-in device (25), material poking device (30), emission of baiting chute (33) by rubbish and assembles, described drawing-in device (25) afterbody is provided with a drive unit (24), head connects a charging ram (27), this charging ram (27) is put in by the side that described rubbish stores little storehouse (28), and this drive unit (24) drives charging ram (27) work; Described material poking device (30) afterbody is provided with a drive unit (31), and head connects a material poking rod (29), and this material poking rod (29) is put in by the opposite side that described rubbish stores little storehouse (28), and drive unit (31) drives material poking rod (29) work; Described charging ram (27) is consistent with described emission of baiting chute (33) layout angle; Described charging ram (27) is provided with pawling of flexible connection respectively with the front end of described material poking rod (29), and when advancing, this is pawled and opens, and advances rubbish, when retreating, pawls and closes up.
5. the system of cement rotary kiln according to claim 4 and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste, it is characterized in that: described swinging incinerator (7) by can rotating cylindrical tube (38), the head-shield (35) that is installed on this cylindrical tube (38) head, the hood (40) that is installed on this cylindrical tube (38) afterbody, bracing or strutting arrangement (37) assemble with transmission device (39), the center line of cylindrical tube (38) becomes 2 °～5 ° to be in tilted layout with horizontal plane, its head is in a high position; Stock guide (42) is housed on the inwall of cylindrical tube (38), distribution grid (43), anterior lifting blade (45), middle part lifting blade (46), rear portion lifting blade (47) and heat insulation and refractory material (44), stock guide (42) welding or bolt are connected cylindrical tube (38) front portion, distribution grid (43) bolt is installed on this stock guide (42) afterwards, anterior lifting blade (45), middle part lifting blade (46), rear portion lifting blade (47) is individually fixed in the anterior distribution grid (43) of cylindrical tube (38) afterwards and cylindrical tube (38) rear portion, described middle part lifting blade (46) is a rectangle, and the cross section of described anterior lifting blade (45) and rear portion lifting blade (47) is a parabolic type.
6. the system of cement rotary kiln according to claim 5 and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste, it is characterized in that: the plate face of described distribution grid (43) and the interior axis of described cylindrical tube (38) be at 45～60 ° of angles, distribution grid (43) and described cylindrical tube (38) contact position leaving certain gaps uncovered by the economic plan, described distribution grid has the strip air vent on (43), and percent opening is greater than 60%.
7. the system of cement rotary kiln according to claim 6 and incinerator Combined Treatment domestic waste is characterized in that: described stock guide (42) is a rectangle, becomes welding of 30 °～45 or bolt to be connected with the interior axis of described cylindrical tube (38).
8. the application of described cement rotary kiln of claim 1 and incinerator combined treatment system for urban domestic refuse, be used for the processing primary domestic waste, its treatment step is as follows: the kiln hood cover (1) by described cement rotary kiln (15) locates to extract combustion air, and this combustion air burns the rubbish of sending in it in hot air duct (19) is sent into swinging incinerator (7); Hot flue gas after the burning after preheater (12) heat exchange again through the exhaust treatment system emission abatement of described cement rotary kiln (15); Lime-ash after the burning draws off through the aft mounted air valve of swinging incinerator (7) (8), directly enters described cement rotary kiln (15) as the raw material of producing clinker or efflux as cement mixture; The rubbish that deposit in described rubbish storage pond (4), its stink and pernicious gas are removed dust after connecting pipe (22) is transported to chamotte cooler (21) contacts with high temperature chamotte through the sack cleaner (3) that is connected with rubbish storage pond (4), with described stink and pernicious gas decomposition, burn.
9. the application of cement rotary kiln according to claim 8 and incinerator combined treatment system for urban domestic refuse, it is characterized in that: between described cement rotary kiln (15) and the described preheater (12) cement decomposing furnace (11) is set, the hot flue gas that swinging incinerator (7) is discharged is introduced into dore furnace (11) by flue (9), enters preheater (12) again.
10. the application of cement rotary kiln according to claim 8 and incinerator combined treatment system for urban domestic refuse, it is characterized in that: between the kiln tail of described cement rotary kiln (15) and the described preheater (12) reacting furnace (13) is set, the hot flue gas that swinging incinerator (7) is discharged is introduced into reacting furnace (13) through flue (9), enters preheater (12) again.
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