CN110469857B - Waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system and process - Google Patents
Waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110469857B CN110469857B CN201910842401.4A CN201910842401A CN110469857B CN 110469857 B CN110469857 B CN 110469857B CN 201910842401 A CN201910842401 A CN 201910842401A CN 110469857 B CN110469857 B CN 110469857B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
- F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
- F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system and a process, wherein the system comprises a waste incineration system, a hazardous waste feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system; the garbage is incinerated at high temperature in a garbage incinerator to generate fly ash and incombustibles, wherein the fly ash is transported to a fly ash bin and is sent into a plasma gasification furnace through a hazardous waste feeding system, the fly ash waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus materials and 2000 ℃ to form a part of molten fluid and a part of smoke in the plasma gasification furnace, and the smoke is subjected to heat recovery, purification and dust removal. The invention is a plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment process for waste incineration and hazardous waste, can directly transport the fly ash generated by waste incineration to the plasma gasification furnace, increases the fly ash treatment efficiency, reduces the pollution of hazardous waste to the environment in the transportation process, reduces the cost generated in the hazardous waste transportation process, saves the economic cost and increases the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a waste incineration and dangerous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system and process.
Background
The hazardous waste refers to toxic and harmful waste discharged in industrial production. With the development of industry, the discharge amount of dangerous waste is increasing. It is estimated that the worldwide production of hazardous waste is 3.3 million tons per year. The random discharge of hazardous wastes pollutes water and soil, reduces the function level of the local environment, harms human health and restricts sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great value to develop an effective pollution-free hazardous waste treatment process and technique.
Along with the rapid development of urban economy, more and more garbage is generated in cities, and the pollution caused by the garbage is larger and larger. At present, domestic and foreign garbage treatment methods mainly comprise sanitary landfill, high-temperature composting and incineration, and the proportion of the three garbage treatment modes is different due to different factors. The high-temperature composting method is narrow in application space and is mostly suitable for agricultural developing countries; the sanitary landfill method carries out landfill treatment on the garbage which can not be composted, occupies a large space and has high cost; the burning method is to burn the garbage, has obvious reduction effect, saves land, can also eliminate various pathogens and convert toxic and harmful substances into harmless substances, but the smoke generated after the garbage is burned is a pollution gas with great harm.
At present, the garbage disposal method is being developed toward the incineration method due to a series of advantages of the incineration method. How to treat incineration flue gas and how to couple waste incineration and flue gas treatment together becomes a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a treatment system for waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling, which can treat oil sludge and hazardous waste and can realize heat recovery.
The invention also aims to provide a treatment process of the treatment system based on the parallel coupling of the waste incineration and the hazardous waste plasma gasification.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a treatment system for waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling comprises a waste incineration system, a hazardous waste feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system;
the garbage incineration system comprises a weighbridge, an unloading platform, a garbage crane, a garbage feeder, a percolate collecting pool, a percolate conveying pump, a fluidized fan, a secondary fan, a coal feeder, a garbage incinerator, a slag cooler I, a sand elevator and a sand bin, wherein the weighbridge is connected with the unloading platform through a conveying belt, the unloading platform is connected with the garbage feeder through the garbage crane, the garbage feeder is connected with a feeding port on one side of the garbage incinerator, the percolate collecting pool is arranged below the unloading platform, the percolate collecting pool is connected with a liquid inlet of the garbage incinerator through the percolate conveying pump, the coal feeder is connected with a feeding port on the other side of the garbage incinerator through a conveying pipeline, a bottom outlet of the garbage incinerator is connected with the slag cooler I through the conveyor, and the slag cooler I is connected with the sand bin through the sand elevator, the fluidization fan is arranged below the garbage incinerator, and the secondary fan is arranged above the garbage feeder;
the hazardous waste feeding system comprises an ash bin, an additive bin, a coal powder bin, a screw feeder I, a compression feeder, a water tank, a granulator, a vibration grading sieve, a lifter, a storage hopper and a screw feeder III, wherein the ash bin, the additive bin and the coal powder bin are arranged in parallel, bottom discharge ports of the ash bin, the additive bin and the coal powder bin are respectively connected with the compression feeder through the screw feeder I, the water tank is also connected with the compression feeder through the screw feeder I, an outlet of the compression feeder is connected with a feed port of the granulator, a discharge port of the granulator is connected with the vibration grading sieve, an upper sieve discharge port of the vibration grading sieve is connected with a feed port of the storage hopper through the lifter and the screw feeder II in sequence, and a lower sieve discharge port of the vibration grading sieve is connected with the feed port of the granulator, the discharge hole of the storage hopper is connected with the feed inlet of the third screw feeder;
the gasification combustion system comprises a plasma gasification furnace and a slag cooler II, a feed inlet is formed in the lower portion of the plasma gasification furnace and is communicated with a discharge outlet of the screw feeder III, a fuel gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the top or the upper portion of the plasma gasification furnace, and the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with the slag cooler II through a transfer conveyor I;
the heat recovery system comprises a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and an economizer, wherein a gas outlet is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber through a flue, an outlet of the combustion chamber and a top flue gas outlet of the garbage incinerator are respectively connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler, and an upper flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with a flue gas inlet of the economizer;
the tail gas purification system comprises a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag-type dust collector and a chimney, wherein a lower smoke outlet of the economizer is connected with a top inlet of the semi-dry reaction tower, an upper side wall outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower is connected with an inlet of the bag-type dust collector, an outlet of the bag-type dust collector is connected with the chimney, and a bottom outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower and a bottom outlet of the bag-type dust collector are connected with a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace through a transfer conveyor II.
In the technical scheme, the plasma gasification furnace is a coaxial cylindrical metal shell with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the inner wall is coated with a refractory heat-insulating material, and the internal core temperature is 1800-2200 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace is provided with three plasma torches, the three plasma torches are uniformly distributed in the furnace in a circumferential manner and downwards obliquely penetrate through the wall surface of the plasma gasification furnace body to be inserted into the lower hearth.
Preferably, the inclined angle of the plasma torch which is inserted into the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace in a downward inclined way is 5-45 degrees.
In the technical scheme, a dust remover is arranged on one side of the top end of the storage hopper, and a plurality of electromagnetic oscillators are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the storage hopper; the dust remover is used for absorbing the dust in the storage hopper and avoiding overflow, and the electromagnetic oscillator can play a role in avoiding the phenomenon of blockage at the bottom of the storage hopper.
In the technical scheme, the compression feeder is arranged in an inverted conical barrel shape, and a spiral propelling paddle is arranged in the compression feeder, so that the mixture can be compressed and extruded.
In the technical scheme, the mesh aperture of the oscillating classification screen is 100 microns.
The invention also provides a treatment process of the treatment system based on the waste incineration and dangerous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) the garbage is transported to an unloading platform by a wagon balance, then transported to a garbage feeder by a garbage crane and then fed into a garbage incinerator, and garbage leachate stacked at the unloading platform is collected in a leachate collecting pool and then is transported into the garbage incinerator by a leachate transport pump;
2) adding limestone into a coal feeder, introducing into a garbage incinerator through the coal feeder, igniting the garbage incinerator with oil, blowing air at the bottom by using a fluidized fan, exhausting air above a garbage feeder by using a secondary fan, absorbing harmful gas generated by garbage, and incinerating the garbage in the garbage incinerator at 700 ℃ to generate fly ash and incombustibles;
3) incombustible that rubbish produced after the high temperature incineration lets in cold sediment machine I and cools off, and cold sediment machine I divides the incombustible into two parts: a part of incombustible with smaller particles on the surface layer of the slag cooler I is directly transported to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization through an incombustible transport conveyor; lifting the other part of the incombustibles at the bottom layer of the slag cooler I by a sand lifter, wherein the incombustibles with larger particles enter the garbage incinerator again for incineration, and the incombustibles with smaller particles enter a sand bin to be compressed into large particles, and then lifting the large particles by the sand lifter into the garbage incinerator;
4) the method comprises the steps that flying ash generated after garbage is incinerated at high temperature is transferred to a flying ash bin, simultaneously bottom valves of the flying ash bin, an additive bin and a coal powder bin are opened, the flying ash bin, the additive bin and the coal powder bin are mixed according to a preset proportion and then are jointly fed into a compression feeder through a screw feeder I, flying ash waste is compressed and extruded in the compression feeder and then is fed into a granulator to be made into granules, the granules are discharged by the granulator and then enter a vibration grading sieve, the flying ash waste with unsuitable particle size is fed back to the granulator for treatment through vibration screening, the flying ash waste with suitable particle size is fed into a lifting machine and then is fed into a storage hopper through a screw feeder II, and the flying ash waste in the storage hopper is transported into a plasma gasification furnace through a;
5) in a plasma gasification furnace, fly ash waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus 2000 ℃ to form a part of molten fluid and a part of flue gas;
6) the molten fluid left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration reaches the discharge standard, and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization after being cooled by a slag cooler II;
7) the method comprises the following steps that smoke left after ultrahigh-temperature incineration enters a combustion chamber, the smoke is subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition in the combustion chamber, the smoke subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition and high-temperature smoke generated after incineration in a garbage incinerator are both fed into a waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler generates steam by using waste heat of the high-temperature smoke to generate power; the flue gas after passing through the waste heat boiler enters an economizer, the economizer absorbs the heat of low-temperature flue gas, large-particle slag at the bottom of the waste heat boiler is conveyed to a sand lifter and enters a garbage incinerator again for incineration after being lifted, and the ash at the bottoms of the waste heat boiler and the economizer reaches the emission standard and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization;
8) flue gas passing through the economizer enters a semi-dry reaction tower, lime slurry is injected into the semi-dry reaction tower, and slaked lime and activated carbon are placed in an outlet pipeline of the semi-dry reaction tower to desulfurize the flue gas; the desulfurized gas enters a bag-type dust collector for dust removal, and the gas after dust removal is directly discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney;
9) and conveying the dust in the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag-type dust collector into the plasma gasification furnace, and enabling the fly ash in the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag-type dust collector to enter the process again for circulation and reciprocation so as to meet the requirement of environmental protection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the slag does not fall to the ground. The fly ash generated by burning the garbage can be directly transported into the plasma gasification furnace, so that the fly ash treatment efficiency is improved.
2. And (4) harmlessly treating the garbage. The process can effectively treat the hazardous waste and recycle the hazardous waste.
3. And (5) environmental protection. The process is a coupling process, and in the process, the pollution of hazardous wastes to the environment in the transportation process is greatly reduced.
4. The economic benefit is high. The process can reduce the cost generated in the transportation process of the hazardous waste, and the waste heat is recycled in the process, so that the economic cost is saved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment process of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 fly ash bin, 2 additive bin, 3 coal powder bin, 4 first screw feeders, 5 compression feeders, 6 water tanks, 7 granulators, 8 oscillating classification sieves, 9 elevators, 10 second screw feeders, 11 dust collectors, 12 hoppers, 13 electromagnetic oscillators, 14 third screw feeders, 15 plasma gasification furnaces, 16 transfer conveyors I, 17 second slag coolers, 18 combustion chambers, 19 waste heat boilers, 20 pounds, 21 discharge platforms, 22 garbage cranes, 23 garbage feeders, 24 air blowers, 25 percolate conveying pumps, 26 percolate collecting pools, 28 fluidized fans, 27 secondary fans, 29 first slag coolers, 30 coal feeders, 31 garbage incinerators, 32 sand bins, 33 sand elevators, 34 coal economizers, 35 semi-dry reaction towers, 36 cloth bag dust collectors, 37 chimneys and 38 transfer conveyors II.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
As shown in figure 1, a waste incineration and dangerous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system comprises a waste incineration system, a dangerous waste feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system,
the garbage incineration system comprises a weighbridge 20, a discharging platform 21, a garbage crane 22, a garbage feeder 23, a percolate collecting pool 26, a percolate conveying pump 25, a fluidized fan 28, a secondary fan 27, a coal feeder 30, a garbage incinerator 31, a slag cooler I29, a sand elevator 33 and a sand bin 32, wherein the weighbridge 20 is connected with the discharging platform 21 through a conveying belt, the discharging platform 21 is connected with the garbage feeder 23 through the garbage crane 22, the garbage feeder 23 is connected with a feeding port on one side of the garbage incinerator 31, the percolate collecting pool 26 is arranged below the discharging platform 21, the percolate collecting pool 26 is connected with a liquid inlet of the garbage incinerator 31 through the percolate conveying pump 25, the coal feeder 30 is connected with a feeding port on the other side of the garbage incinerator 31 through a conveying pipeline, a bottom outlet of the garbage incinerator 31 is connected with the slag cooler I29 through a conveyor, the slag cooler I29 is connected with the sand bin 32 through the sand elevator 33, the fluidized fan 28 is arranged below the garbage incinerator 31, and the secondary fan 27 is arranged above the garbage feeder 27;
the hazardous waste feeding system comprises an ash bin 1, an additive bin 2, a coal powder bin 3, a first screw feeder 4, a compression feeder 5, a water tank 6, a granulator 7, a vibration classifying screen 8, a lifter 9, a hopper 12 and a third screw feeder 14, wherein the ash bin 1, the additive bin 2 and the coal powder bin 3 are arranged in parallel, bottom discharge ports of the ash bin 1, the additive bin 2 and the coal powder bin 3 are respectively connected with the compression feeder 5 through the first screw feeder 4, the water tank 6 is also connected with the compression feeder 5 through the first screw feeder 4, an outlet of the compression feeder 5 is connected with a feed port of the granulator 7, a discharge port of the granulator 7 is connected with the vibration classifying screen 8, preferably, the mesh aperture of the vibration classifying screen 8 is 100 mu m, and an on-screen discharge port of the vibration classifying screen 8 sequentially passes through the lifter 9 and the compression feeder 3, A second screw feeder 10 is connected with a feed inlet of the storage hopper 12, a screen underflow outlet of the oscillating classifying screen 8 is connected with a feed inlet of the granulator 7, and a discharge outlet of the storage hopper 12 is connected with a feed inlet of a third screw feeder 14;
the compression feeder 5 is arranged in an inverted conical barrel shape, is internally provided with a spiral propelling paddle, and can compress and extrude the mixture.
The dust remover 11 is arranged at the top end of the storage hopper 12, the plurality of electromagnetic oscillators 13 are arranged at the bottom of the storage hopper 12, the dust remover 11 is used for absorbing the dust in the storage hopper and avoiding overflow, and the electromagnetic oscillators 13 can avoid the phenomenon that the bottom of the storage hopper 12 is blocked.
The gasification combustion system comprises a plasma gasification furnace 15 and a slag cooler II 17, a feed inlet is formed in the lower portion of the plasma gasification furnace 15 and is communicated with a discharge outlet of the third screw feeder 14, a fuel gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the top or upper portion of the plasma gasification furnace 15, and the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace 15 is connected with the slag cooler II 17 through a transfer conveyor I16;
the plasma gasification furnace is a coaxial cylindrical metal shell with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the inner wall is laid with a refractory heat-insulating material, and the internal core temperature is 1800 plus 2000 ℃.
The plasma gasification furnace is characterized in that three plasma torches are arranged at the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace, are uniformly distributed in the furnace in a circumferential manner, and downwards obliquely penetrate through the wall surface of the plasma gasification furnace body to be inserted into the lower hearth. The inclination angle is 5-45 degrees.
The heat recovery system comprises a combustion chamber 18, a waste heat boiler 19 and an economizer 34, wherein a fuel gas outlet is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber 18 through a flue, an outlet of the combustion chamber 18 and a top flue gas outlet of the garbage incinerator 31 are respectively connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler 19, and an upper flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 19 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the economizer 34;
the tail gas purification system comprises a semi-dry reaction tower 35, a bag-type dust collector 36 and a chimney 37, wherein a lower smoke outlet of the economizer 34 is connected with a top inlet of the semi-dry reaction tower 35, an upper side wall outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower 35 is connected with an inlet of the bag-type dust collector 36, an outlet of the bag-type dust collector 36 is connected with the chimney 37, and a bottom outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower 35 and a bottom outlet of the bag-type dust collector 36 are connected with a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace 14 through a transfer conveyor II 38.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a treatment process based on the waste incineration and dangerous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) transporting 5t/d garbage to a discharging platform 21 from a wagon balance 20, transporting the garbage to a garbage feeder 23 of 200kg/h by a garbage crane 22, feeding the garbage into a garbage incinerator 31, collecting garbage percolate stacked on the discharging platform 21 into a percolate collecting tank 26, and then conveying the percolate into the garbage incinerator 31 by a percolate conveying pump 25;
2) limestone is added into a coal feeder 30, the limestone is introduced into a garbage incinerator 31 through the coal feeder 30, the garbage incinerator 31 is ignited by oil under the action of an air blower 24, air is blown to the bottom by a fluidized fan 28, a secondary fan 27 exhausts air above a garbage feeder 23 to absorb harmful gas generated by garbage, and the garbage is incinerated at 700 ℃ in the garbage incinerator 31 to generate fly ash and incombustibles;
3) incombustible generated after the garbage is incinerated at high temperature is introduced into a slag cooler I29 for cooling, and the incombustible is divided into two parts by the slag cooler I29: a part of incombustibles with smaller particles on the surface layer of the slag cooler I29 are directly transported to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization through an incombustibles transport conveyor; after the other part of incombustibles at the bottom layer of the slag cooler I29 is lifted by the sand lifter 33, the incombustibles with larger particles enter the garbage incinerator 31 again for incineration, the incombustibles with smaller particles enter the sand bin 32 to be compressed into large particles, and then the large particles are lifted by the sand lifter 33 to enter the garbage incinerator 31;
4) the method comprises the steps that flying ash generated after garbage is incinerated at high temperature is transferred into a flying ash bin 1, bottom valves of the flying ash bin 1, an additive bin 2 and a coal powder bin 3 are opened at the same time, the flying ash bin, the additive bin and the coal powder bin are mixed according to a preset proportion and then are sent into a compression feeder 5 through a screw feeder I4, flying ash waste is compressed and extruded in the compression feeder 5 and then is sent into a granulator 7 to be made into granules, the granules are discharged from the granulator 7 and then enter a vibration grading sieve 8, flying ash waste with unsuitable particle size is sent back to the granulator 7 to be treated through vibration screening, flying ash waste with suitable particle size is sent into a lifting machine 9 and then sent into a storage hopper 12 through a screw feeder II 10, and flying ash waste in the storage hopper 12 is sent into a plasma gasification furnace 15 through a screw feeder III;
5) in the plasma gasification furnace 15, the fly ash waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus 2000 ℃ into a part of molten fluid and a part of flue gas;
6) the molten fluid left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration reaches the discharge standard, and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization after being cooled by a slag cooler II 17;
7) the flue gas left after the ultra-high temperature incineration enters the combustion chamber 18, the flue gas is subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition in the combustion chamber 18, the flue gas subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition and the high-temperature flue gas generated after the incineration in the garbage incinerator 31 are both sent into the waste heat boiler 19, and the waste heat boiler 19 generates steam by using the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas to generate electricity; the flue gas after passing through the waste heat boiler 19 enters the economizer 34, and the heat of the low-temperature flue gas is absorbed by the economizer 34, so that the exhaust gas temperature is reduced, the exhaust gas loss is reduced, and the fuel is saved; conveying large-particle slag at the bottom of the waste heat boiler 19 to a sand lifter 33, lifting the large-particle slag, and then feeding the large-particle slag into the garbage incinerator 31 for incineration again, wherein the ash at the bottoms of the waste heat boiler 19 and the economizer 34 reaches the emission standard, and directly conveying the large-particle slag to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization;
8) the flue gas passing through the economizer 34 enters a semi-dry type reaction tower 35, lime slurry is injected into the semi-dry type reaction tower 35, and slaked lime and activated carbon are respectively placed in an outlet pipeline of the semi-dry type reaction tower 35 to desulfurize the flue gas; the desulfurized gas enters a bag-type dust collector 36 for dust removal, and the dust-removed gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney 37;
9) and conveying the dust in the semi-dry reaction tower 35 and the bag-type dust collector 36 to the plasma gasification furnace 15 through the transfer conveyor II, and enabling the fly ash in the dust to enter the process again for circulating reciprocation so as to meet the requirement of environmental protection.
Claims (8)
1. A waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system is characterized by comprising a waste incineration system, a hazardous waste feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system,
the garbage incineration system comprises a weighbridge (20), a discharging platform (21), a garbage crane (22), a garbage feeder (23), a leachate collecting pool (26), a leachate delivery pump (25), a fluidized fan (28), a secondary fan (27), a coal feeder (30), a garbage incinerator (31), a slag cooler I (29), a sand elevator (33) and a sand silo (32), wherein the weighbridge (20) is connected with the discharging platform (21) through a conveying belt, the discharging platform (21) is connected with the garbage feeder (23) through the garbage crane (22), the garbage feeder (23) is connected with a feeding port on one side of the garbage incinerator (31), the leachate collecting pool (26) is arranged below the discharging platform (21), and the leachate collecting pool (26) is connected with a liquid inlet of the garbage incinerator (31) through the leachate delivery pump (25), the coal feeder (30) is connected with a feeding port on the other side of the garbage incinerator (31) through a conveying pipeline, an outlet at the bottom of the garbage incinerator (31) is connected with the slag cooler I (29) through a conveyor, the slag cooler I (29) is connected with the sand bin (32) through the sand elevator (33), the fluidized fan (28) is arranged below the garbage incinerator (31), and the secondary fan (27) is arranged above the garbage feeder (27);
the hazardous waste feeding system comprises an ash bin (1), an additive bin (2), a pulverized coal bin (3), a first screw feeder (4), a compression feeder (5), a water tank (6), a granulator (7), a vibration classifying screen (8), a lifter (9), a storage hopper (12) and a third screw feeder (14), wherein the ash bin (1), the additive bin (2) and the pulverized coal bin (3) are arranged in parallel, bottom discharge ports of the ash bin (1), the additive bin (2) and the pulverized coal bin (3) are respectively connected with the compression feeder (5) through the first screw feeder (4), the water tank (6) is also connected with the compression feeder (5) through the first screw feeder (4), an outlet of the compression feeder (5) is connected with a feed port of the granulator (7), and a discharge port of the granulator (7) is connected with the vibration classifying screen (8), an oversize discharge port of the oscillating classifying screen (8) is connected with a feed port of the storage hopper (12) sequentially through the elevator (9) and the second screw feeder (10), a undersize discharge port of the oscillating classifying screen (8) is connected with a feed port of the granulator (7), and a discharge port of the storage hopper (12) is connected with a feed port of the third screw feeder (14);
the gasification combustion system comprises a plasma gasification furnace (15) and a slag cooler II (17), a feed inlet is formed in the lower portion of the plasma gasification furnace (15), the feed inlet is communicated with a discharge outlet of the screw feeder III (14), a fuel gas outlet is formed in the top or upper side wall of the plasma gasification furnace (15), and the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace (15) is connected with the slag cooler II (17) through a transfer conveyor I (16);
the heat recovery system comprises a combustion chamber (18), a waste heat boiler (19) and an economizer (34), wherein a gas outlet is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber (18) through a flue, an outlet of the combustion chamber (18) and a top flue gas outlet of the garbage incinerator (31) are respectively connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler (19), and an upper flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (19) is connected with a flue gas inlet of the economizer (34);
the tail gas purification system comprises a semi-dry reaction tower (35), a bag-type dust collector (36) and a chimney (37), wherein a lower smoke outlet of the economizer (34) is connected with a top inlet of the semi-dry reaction tower (35), an upper side wall outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower (35) is connected with an inlet of the bag-type dust collector (36), an outlet of the bag-type dust collector (36) is connected with the chimney (37), a bottom outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower (35) and a bottom outlet of the bag-type dust collector (36) are connected with a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace (14) through a transfer conveyor II.
2. The system for the parallel coupled treatment of waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasma gasification furnace (7) is a coaxial cylindrical metal shell with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the inner wall is coated with a refractory heat insulation material, and the inner core temperature is 1800-2000 ℃.
3. The waste incineration and dangerous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace (7) is provided with three plasma torches, the three plasma torches are uniformly distributed in the furnace in a circumferential manner, and are inserted into the lower hearth through the wall surface of the plasma gasification furnace body in a downward inclined manner.
4. The waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system of claim 3, wherein the inclination angle of the plasma torch downwards inclined and inserted into the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace is 5-45 °.
5. The waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system according to claim 1, wherein a dust remover (11) is arranged at the top end of the storage hopper (12), and a plurality of electromagnetic oscillators (13) are arranged at the bottom of the storage hopper (12).
6. A waste incineration and hazardous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression feeder (5) is arranged as an inverted conical barrel shape with a built-in screw propeller.
7. The waste incineration and dangerous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the mesh size of the oscillating classification screen is 100 μm.
8. A treatment process of a waste incineration and dangerous waste plasma gasification parallel coupling treatment system based on any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) garbage is transported to a discharging platform (21) by a wagon balance (20), then is transported to a garbage feeder (23) by a garbage crane (22) and then is fed into a garbage incinerator (31), garbage percolate stacked at the discharging platform (21) is collected into a percolate collecting pool (26) and then is transported into the garbage incinerator (31) by a percolate transport pump (25);
2) limestone is added into a coal feeder (30), the limestone is introduced into a garbage incinerator (31) through the coal feeder (30), the garbage incinerator (31) is ignited by oil, air is blown at the bottom by a fluidized fan (28), a secondary fan (27) draws air above a garbage feeder (23) to absorb harmful gas generated by garbage, and the garbage is incinerated in the garbage incinerator (31) at 700 ℃ to generate fly ash and incombustibles;
3) incombustible generated after the garbage is incinerated at high temperature is introduced into a slag cooler I (29) for cooling, and the slag cooler I (29) divides the incombustible into two parts: a part of incombustibles with smaller particles on the surface layer of the slag cooler I (29) are directly transported to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization through an incombustibles transport conveyor; after the other part of incombustibles at the bottom layer of the slag cooler I (29) is lifted by a sand lifter (33), the incombustibles with larger particles enter the garbage incinerator (31) again for incineration, the incombustibles with smaller particles enter a sand bin (32) to be compressed into large particles, and then the large particles are lifted by the sand lifter (33) to enter the garbage incinerator (31);
4) the fly ash generated after the garbage is incinerated at high temperature is transferred into a fly ash bin (1), simultaneously, bottom valves of the fly ash bin (1), an additive bin (2) and a coal dust bin (3) are opened, the three are mixed according to a preset proportion and then are jointly sent into a compression feeder (5) through a first screw feeder (4), the fly ash waste is compressed and extruded in a compression feeder (5), then is sent into a granulator (7) to be made into granules, is discharged by the granulator (7) and then enters a vibration grading sieve (8), after vibration screening, the fly ash waste material with unsuitable particle size is sent back to the granulator (7) for treatment, the fly ash waste material with suitable particle size is sent to the elevator (9) and then sent to the storage hopper (12) through the second screw feeder (10), the fly ash waste in the storage hopper (12) is transported to a plasma gasification furnace (15) through a third screw feeder (14);
5) in the plasma gasification furnace (15), the fly ash waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus 2000 ℃ into a part of molten fluid and a part of flue gas;
6) the molten fluid left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration reaches the discharge standard, and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization after being cooled by a slag cooler II (17);
7) the flue gas left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration enters a combustion chamber (18), the flue gas is subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition in the combustion chamber (18), the flue gas subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition and the high-temperature flue gas generated after the incineration in the garbage incinerator (31) are both fed into a waste heat boiler (19), and the waste heat boiler (19) generates steam by using the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas to generate electricity; the flue gas after passing through the waste heat boiler (19) enters an economizer (34), the heat of low-temperature flue gas is absorbed by the economizer (34), large-particle slag at the bottom of the waste heat boiler (19) is conveyed to a sand lifter (33), the large-particle slag enters a garbage incinerator (31) again after being lifted, the ash at the bottoms of the waste heat boiler (19) and the economizer (34) reaches the emission standard, and the large-particle slag is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization;
8) the flue gas passing through the economizer (34) enters a semi-dry reaction tower (35), lime slurry is injected into the semi-dry reaction tower (35), and slaked lime and activated carbon are respectively placed in an outlet pipeline of the semi-dry reaction tower (35) to desulfurize the flue gas; the desulfurized gas enters a bag-type dust collector (36) for dust collection, and the gas after dust collection is directly discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney (37);
9) and conveying the dust in the semi-dry reaction tower (35) and the bag-type dust collector (36) to the plasma gasification furnace (15) through the transfer conveyor II, so that the fly ash in the dust is fed into the process again and circularly, and the environment-friendly requirement is met.
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| CN112143526A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-29 | 常州大学 | Drilling oil-based detritus high-temperature plasma melting treatment system |
| CN114686272A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2022-07-01 | 新疆宜化化工有限公司 | Compounding agent for improving coal ash melting point in gasification process and mixing process |
| CN113464943B (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2023-11-14 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | High-parameter thermodynamic system suitable for garbage incineration and operation method thereof |
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