CN113040148A - Agricultural composition containing glucan - Google Patents

Agricultural composition containing glucan Download PDF

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CN113040148A
CN113040148A CN202110309066.9A CN202110309066A CN113040148A CN 113040148 A CN113040148 A CN 113040148A CN 202110309066 A CN202110309066 A CN 202110309066A CN 113040148 A CN113040148 A CN 113040148A
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agricultural composition
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glucan
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CN113040148B (en
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许中怀
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Sichuan Pepsi Dongwang Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural composition containing glucan, which comprises effective components A and B, wherein the component A is glucan, and the component B is one of amino-oligosaccharin, chitosan and lentinan. The agricultural composition and the auxiliary agent package are used in a compatible mode, the effective component of the auxiliary agent package is a compound of diosgenin and L-pyroglutamic acid, and the mass ratio of the diosgenin to the L-pyroglutamic acid is 3: 2. Within a certain proportion range, the agricultural composition has excellent control effect on tobacco mosaic virus diseases, tomato virus diseases and cucumber mosaic virus diseases, and can promote the yield increase of crops.

Description

Agricultural composition containing glucan
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and planting, and relates to an agricultural composition containing glucan and polyene sugar.
Background
Plant infectious diseases are one of the main threats in the global agricultural cultivation and planting process at present, the infectious diseases are caused by infection of various pathogens, and have certain transmissibility, so that the infectious diseases bring serious harm to economic crops, cause the yield loss of the crops or reduce the product quality, and cause huge economic loss to the agricultural and forestry production every year. The traditional agricultural control measures have the disadvantages of large workload, complex operation and unsatisfactory effect. The chemical prevention and control method is simple and easy to operate, but has great threat to the environment and the ecology. Therefore, the development of novel control agents with good control effect and small environmental pollution is urgent. Based on the existing control agents, how to highlight the excellent control effect and solve the problem of drug resistance of diseases has become one of the important research points of technicians in the field.
The dextrane sugar is based on artificially synthesized saccharide derivatives, and is environment-friendly and non-toxic. The glucanase is used as an exciton to induce plants to improve the disease resistance of beneficial broad spectrum generated in the process of host pathogen interaction, effectively passivates viruses in vitro of the plants and has good prevention and treatment effects on diseases caused by various viruses; meanwhile, exogenous spraying of the glucan can promote photosynthesis, increase accumulation of sugar and vitamins, improve the autoimmunity and defense reaction of crops, enhance the stress resistance of the crops, and promote the growth, branching, flowering and fruiting of the crops.
Amino-oligosaccharin, also called agricultural special chitosan oligosaccharide, is an oligosaccharide with D-glucosamine connected by beta-1.4 glycosidic bond, and is prepared by degrading chitosan obtained by degrading chitin, or by microbial fermentation and extraction. After the amino-oligosaccharin is used by crops, the amino-oligosaccharin can induce the crops to generate a large amount of signal substances such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, nitric oxide and the like, the crops are stimulated to generate immune system enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, beta-1, 3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and the like) for resisting plant diseases and insect pests and external severe environments (such as plant diseases and insect pests, drought, phytotoxicity, growth inhibition, nutrient deficiency and the like) under the action of the signal substances, and the growth of the crops is repaired by improving and enhancing the immune system of the crops to resist the plant diseases and insect pests and adversity stress, so that the effects of reducing the damage of the plant diseases and insect pests, enhancing the stress resistance, increasing the yield and improving.
Chitosan, also known as chitosan, is obtained by deacetylating chitin, and is chemically known as polyglucosamine (1-4) -2-amino-B-D-glucose. The chitosan has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, can inhibit the generation, germination, extension of a germ tube and growth of hyphae of fungi spores, and can induce the content increase of lignin, phytoalexin and other antibacterial substances (such as phenols, fatty acids and the like) in tissues of fruits and vegetables to a certain extent, thereby influencing the structural changes of cell walls, skin pores and the like of fruits and hindering the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.
Lentinan is a broad-spectrum biological agent for treating plant virus diseases, has good wetting and permeability on the surface of plants, can be quickly absorbed and degraded by the plants, and is safe to people, livestock and environment. The lentinan as a biological agent can provide various amino acids and trace elements for crops while preventing and treating diseases, enhance the resistance of the crops, promote the growth of the crops and increase the yield and income of the crops. The lentinan is generally applied before the occurrence of virus diseases, so that the lentinan does not infect viruses in the growth period of crops, and has better control effect on fungal diseases and bacterial diseases.
Patent CN109744243A discloses an amino-oligosaccharin compound preparation for preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the active ingredients are amino-oligosaccharin and one or more of berberine or ningnanmycin or lentinan or hypersensitive protein or glucan sugar or mixed fatty acid. The compound medicament is mainly used for exerting the drug effect of the amino-oligosaccharin to the maximum extent and improving the activity of the medicament.
The crop planting is infected by the infectious virus, on one hand, the yield of the plant is damaged, and on the other hand, other plants are infected to cause more serious loss. At present, plant infectious viruses have no effective prevention and treatment means, and the action mechanism of the mainstream antiviral medicament is mainly early prevention, so that the treatment effect on infected virus plants is poor. The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to find an agricultural composition containing a glucan, which has an excellent control effect on plant viral damage and which is not disclosed in the known literature, and it is difficult for those skilled in the art to know the beneficial effects of the composition for controlling plant viral damage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an agricultural composition containing glucan, which has excellent control effects on tobacco mosaic virus diseases, tomato virus diseases and cucumber mosaic virus diseases, can promote the growth of crops and improve the immunity of the crops.
In view of the above, the present invention provides an agricultural composition containing glucan, which comprises effective components A and B, wherein the component A is glucan, and the component B is one of amino-oligosaccharin, chitosan and lentinan.
As is readily known by those skilled in the art, the pesticide effect of the agricultural composition is improved, the occurrence of drug resistance is avoided, and the combined use or the combined use of multiple pesticides is mostly adopted, but due to the unclear mechanism of the components and the internal mechanism, whether the control effect of the combined use or the combined use of the multiple pesticides is synergistic or not is difficult to expect. Through deep experimental research, according to comprehensive effect evaluation shown by field experiments, the agricultural composition disclosed by the invention has excellent control effects on tobacco mosaic virus diseases, tomato virus diseases and cucumber mosaic virus diseases, is superior to the using effect of a single agent, is safe to plants and does not cause chemical injury.
Further, in the agricultural composition containing the glucal provided by the invention, the component A is the glucal, the component B is the amino-oligosaccharin, and the mass ratio of the glucal to the amino-oligosaccharin in the composition is 10: 1-1: 30; preferably, the mass ratio is 1: 1-1: 5.
Further, in the agricultural composition containing the glucan sugar provided by the invention, the component A is the glucan sugar, the component B is chitosan, and the mass ratio of the glucan sugar to the chitosan in the composition is 20: 1-1: 50; preferably, the mass ratio is 1: 1-1: 10.
Further, in the agricultural composition containing the glucan, the component A is the glucan, the component B is the lentinan, and the mass ratio of the glucan to the lentinan in the composition is 20: 1-1: 20; preferably, the mass ratio is 5: 1-1: 5.
According to the actual application requirement, the composition can be prepared into one of dosage forms such as an aqueous emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspending agent, wettable powder, water dispersible granules and the like according to a method known by a person skilled in the art. The functional composition also contains an auxiliary agent required by pesticide preparation, and the auxiliary agent can be one or a mixture of more of solvent, emulsifier, wetting agent, stabilizer, dispersant, thickener, pH regulator, defoamer, antifreeze, filler and the like. The adjuvants of the present invention may be known substances, such as various adjuvants commonly used in pesticide preparations, and may be varied according to circumstances, and are not particularly limited.
The invention also provides the application of the agricultural composition in the aspects of promoting plant growth, improving plant immunity resistance and preventing and treating crop diseases. As mentioned above, the composition shows good control effect on tobacco mosaic virus disease, tomato virus disease and cucumber mosaic virus disease in a proper dosage ratio range. The functional agricultural composition and the preparation thereof have various application modes, the invention is not particularly limited, and one or a combination of various application modes such as spraying, root irrigation, root soaking, seed soaking, broadcasting, furrow application, hole application and the like can be adopted. Particularly preferably, the agricultural composition may be applied by a spraying device, such as a knapsack sprayer.
Compared with the prior art, the agricultural composition containing the glucan has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the main contribution of the invention is to provide the agricultural composition containing the glucan, and the agricultural composition contains one of amino-oligosaccharin, chitosan and lentinan in addition to the glucan. The inventor of the patent conducts field efficacy test on the composition, finds that the composition has better control effect on the virus damage of crops than single dosage in a certain proportion range, and shows that the composition has synergistic effect. Through further experimental investigation of the inventor, the composition is found to have excellent control effect on infectious diseases, particularly tobacco mosaic virus disease, tomato virus disease and cucumber mosaic virus disease, and improve the yield of crops.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
This example provides a field trial of the control effect of an agricultural composition comprising a glucan on tobacco mosaic virus disease. The effective components of the agricultural composition are a composition of glucan and amino-oligosaccharin.
The tobacco variety to be tested is 'Yunyan 87', the test site is in the tobacco production base of Wang House and countryside in Jiyuan city of Henan province, and the normal soil, fertilizer and water management is unified.
The glucan and the amino-oligosaccharin are compounded into a mixed treatment medicament according to the proportion shown in the table 1, and the glucan single agent, the amino-oligosaccharin single agent, the auxiliary agent and clear water are respectively used as control treatment medicaments.
During the test, the tobacco is in a vigorous state, the disease incidence is high, the disease incidence rate is 100 percent, and the disease incidence degree is highest grade 9. Each group of treatment is provided with a test cell, and the area of each test cell is 50m2. The test period is 2 times of application, 2 times of application are separated by 7 days, disease progression is investigated before application, and the prevention and treatment effect is investigated 7 days after each application. Sampling is carried out at 5 points in each cell, 6 plants are investigated at each point, the total plant number and the plant number of diseases at each level are investigated by taking the plants as a unit, disease index and prevention and treatment effect are calculated, the yield of each treated cell is recorded after the plants are picked, and the data recording result is shown in table 1.
The field test result is classified according to tobacco mosaic virus in the tobacco disease classification standard of the tobacco industry standard of the people's republic of China (YC/T39-1996), wherein the disease index and the prevention and treatment effect (%) are calculated in the following way:
Figure BDA0002989023730000061
Figure BDA0002989023730000062
TABLE 1 preventive and therapeutic effects of a combination of glucal and amino-oligosaccharin on tobacco mosaic virus disease
Figure BDA0002989023730000063
Figure BDA0002989023730000071
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the agricultural composition containing the glucan has good prevention and treatment effects on tobacco mosaic virus diseases within a certain proportion range, the highest prevention effect reaches 77.13% after the first application for 7 days, and the prevention and treatment effect reaches 93.04% after the second application for 7 days, which is obviously higher than the effect of single application. Compared with a blank control, the yield is also obviously improved and reaches up to 9.52kg/50m2The conversion yield per mu is 127.00 kg/mu.
Example 2
This example provides a field trial of the effect of an agricultural composition comprising a glucan on the control of tomato viral disease. The effective component of the agricultural composition is a composition of glucan and chitosan.
The tomato variety to be tested is 'golden greenhouse eight', the test site is the greenhouse of the modern agriculture demonstration area of the Ming and Qing province of the Ming city of the Sichuan province, and normal soil, fertilizer and water management is unified.
The glucan and the chitosan are compounded into a mixed treatment medicament according to the proportion shown in the table 1, and the glucan single agent, the chitosan single agent, the auxiliary agent and clear water are respectively used as control treatment medicaments.
Each group of treatment sets a test cell, and each test cell has an area of 20m2The cells are randomly arranged, and protection lines are arranged among the cells for separation. The 1 st pesticide application is spraying prevention and control at the early stage of tomato virus disease, and the pesticide is sprayed for 1 time respectively 7 days after the 1 st pesticide application and 7 days after the 2 nd pesticide application, and the pesticide application is carried out for 3 times in total. Except that the application of the medicament is different, other cultivation management measures are consistent in each test cell. The disease condition base number is investigated on the spraying day, the disease condition is investigated 7 days after the 2 nd application and 10 days after the 3 rd application, the disease condition index and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated, the yield of each cell is recorded after the cells are picked after the cells are matured, the statistical calculation mode is the same as that of the test example 1, and the data recording result is shown in a table 2.
The disease condition is classified into the following 9 grades:
level 0: no symptoms are caused; level 1: the heart leaves show the pulse or 1-2 leaves show flower leaves; and 3, level: middle upper leaf; and 5, stage: a few leaves, except most leaf leaves, are misshapen; and 7, stage: most leaves are heavy, deformed, shrunken or dwarfed; and 9, stage: most of the leaves have heavy flowering leaves, deformity, obviously dwarfed plants and even withered and dead.
TABLE 2 preventive and therapeutic effects of combination of dextrane and Chitosan on tomato viral diseases
Figure BDA0002989023730000091
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the agricultural composition containing the glucan has better control effect on tomato virus diseases within a certain proportion range, the highest control effect reaches 62.60% after 7 days after the application for the 2 nd time, and the control effect reaches 78.64% after 10 days after the application for the 3 rd time, which is obviously higher than the effect of using a single agent. Compared with a blank control, the yield is also obviously improved and reaches 227.89kg/20m at most2The conversion yield per mu is 6346.74 kg/mu.
Example 3
This example provides a field test of the control effect of an agricultural composition containing dextranase on cucumber mosaic virus disease, the active ingredient of the agricultural composition is a combination of dextranase and lentinan. The test site is selected in a cucumber greenhouse of the research institute of cucumber in Xian Song mountain of Shaanxi province, the cucumber variety is a self-breeding variety, the fertility of the test site is medium, the management level is consistent, and high-ridge large-row and large-row double-row cultivation is adopted.
The mixture of dextrane and lentinan was formulated into a mixed treatment formulation as described in Table 3. Respectively taking a single agent of the glucan and the polysaccharide, a single agent of the lentinan and an auxiliary agent as comparison treatment agents, and taking clear water as a blank comparison.
Each group of treatment sets a test cell, and each test cell has an area of 20m2Isolation measures are arranged among all the cells, the disease condition of each cell is investigated on the 5 th day after transplanting, pesticide spraying is carried out, clean water is sprayed firstly to contrast the cells during pesticide spraying, test reagents are sprayed afterwards, the test reagents are sequentially sprayed according to the sequence from low concentration to high concentration, and the pesticide spraying requires that the front and back sides of cucumber leaves of each cell are uniformly sprayed. Before and during the test, no other preventive agents were used, and each was investigated on the 10 th day after applicationThe disease index of the cell and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated, the disease index and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated as in example 1, and the result data are recorded in table 3.
The cucumber mosaic virus disease grading criteria are as follows:
level 0: the whole plant has no disease symptoms; level 1: the leaves have a few of green fading spots or heart leaf bright veins; and 3, level: middle and upper leaf leaves; and 5, stage: the leaves at the middle and upper parts are heavy, and few leaves are shrunk or deformed; and 7, stage: most leaves are heavy, and some leaves are shriveled, deformed or have necrotic spots, and plants are slightly dwarfed; and 9, stage: most of the leaves have flowered leaves, malformation or necrotic spots, and the plants are obviously dwarfed and even die.
TABLE 3 preventive and therapeutic effects of combination of dextranase and lentinan on cucumber mosaic Virus
Figure BDA0002989023730000111
Figure BDA0002989023730000121
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the agricultural composition containing the dextranase has better control effect on cucumber mosaic virus in a certain proportion range of effective components of dextranase and lentinan, and the maximum control effect of 10 days after application reaches 77.67%, which is obviously higher than the effect of single agent. Compared with a blank control, the yield is also obviously improved and reaches 46.53kg/20m at most2The conversion yield per mu is 1551.78 kg/mu.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented, and the above-mentioned embodiments only describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes and modifications of the technical solution of the present invention made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An agricultural composition containing glucan is characterized by comprising effective components A and B, wherein the component A is glucan, and the component B is one of amino-oligosaccharin, chitosan and lentinan.
2. The agricultural composition of claim 1, wherein the component A is dextrane sugar, the component B is amino-oligosaccharin, and the mass ratio of the dextrane sugar to the amino-oligosaccharin in the agricultural composition is 10: 1-1: 30, preferably 1: 1-1: 5.
3. The agricultural composition of claim 1, wherein the component A is dextrane, the component B is chitosan, and the mass ratio of the dextrane and the chitosan in the agricultural composition is 20: 1-1: 50, preferably 1: 1-1: 10.
4. The agricultural composition of claim 1, wherein the component A is dextrane, the component B is lentinan, and the mass ratio of the dextrane and the lentinan in the agricultural composition is 20: 1-1: 20, preferably 5: 1-1: 5.
5. Use of the agricultural composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for controlling diseases of crops.
6. The application of claim 5, wherein the agricultural composition and the auxiliary agent package are compatible for use, the effective component of the auxiliary agent package is a compound of diosgenin and L-pyroglutamic acid, and the mass ratio of the diosgenin to the L-pyroglutamic acid is 3: 2.
7. Use according to claim 8, wherein the crop disease comprises tobacco mosaic virus disease, tomato virus disease, cucumber mosaic virus disease.
8. The use according to claim 6, wherein the active ingredients of the agricultural composition are glucan and amino-oligosaccharin, and the amount of the auxiliary agent package is 5-10% of the amount of the active ingredients of the agricultural composition by mass ratio.
9. The use according to claim 6, wherein the active ingredients of the agricultural composition are glucan and chitosan, and the amount of the auxiliary agent package is 10-20% of the amount of the active ingredients of the agricultural composition by mass ratio.
10. The use as claimed in claim 6, wherein the active ingredients of the agricultural composition are dextrane and lentinan, and the amount of the auxiliary agent package is 20-40% of the amount of the active ingredients of the agricultural composition by mass ratio.
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