CN113033103B - Method for determining heat consumption curve of turbine unit containing two sections of extraction steam - Google Patents
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- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/27—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
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Abstract
The method for determining the heat consumption curve of the turbine unit with two sections of extraction steam is aimed at solving the problem that the heat consumption value of the existing multi-extraction-point turbine unit is difficult to determine under different working conditions in the operation process, and belongs to the technical field of turbines. The invention comprises the following steps: fixing the experiment that the first section of steam extraction is 0, the experiment that the second section of steam extraction is the maximum and minimum, recording the current maximum and minimum heat consumption value, fixing the experiment that the second section of steam extraction is 0, recording the current maximum and minimum heat consumption value, determining the nonlinear relation between the main steam flow and the heat consumption value by utilizing the heat consumption value and the main steam flow when the steam extraction is 0, setting a linear correction coefficient according to the recorded maximum and minimum heat consumption value, correcting the nonlinear relation between the main steam flow and the heat consumption value to obtain the heat consumption of the steam turbine set, and reducing the times of the experiment required by determining the heat consumption curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining a heat consumption curve of a turbine unit containing two sections of extraction steam, and belongs to the technical field of turbines.
Background
Because of the requirement of urban central heating and the high energy utilization rate of cogeneration, most of the current power plants are steam extraction units. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of large heat consumers such as printing and dyeing enterprises, chemical enterprises and the like, the demand of industrial production for high-temperature and high-pressure steam is increased more and more, and the heat load of a power plant is increased sharply. In addition, with the grid connection of new energy power in the power grid, the operation efficiency and the operation safety of the large power grid in the traditional scheduling mode are greatly impacted. Therefore, the operation economy of the cogeneration unit is required to be optimized, so that the power generation cost is saved, and the method has important significance in reducing coal consumption, saving energy, reducing emission and improving the operation efficiency of a power grid. The thermoelectric load distribution optimization is one of the most important optimization modes, and the key of the thermoelectric load distribution optimization is to establish an accurate heat consumption curve of the unit so as to reveal heat consumption values R of the unit under different power generation and heat supply states.
The research on the heat consumption curve in the existing thermoelectric load distribution optimization problem is limited to the fact that only one section of steam extraction exists in the steam turbine unit, namely only one heating steam extraction point exists, and the corresponding heat consumption curve is shown in fig. 1. However, with the development of industry, there is a large difference in the requirements of different industries on steam quality, and the required steam temperature and pressure are not exactly the same. In order to meet the different requirements of different industries on steam quality, steam turbine sets containing two sections of extraction steam are gradually developed, namely, two extraction steam points are arranged between the stages of the steam turbine. The presence of multiple sections of extraction steam units increases the complexity of determining the unit heat consumption curve, and presents a significant challenge to thermoelectric load distribution optimization.
For a unit with only one section of extraction, in order to obtain a heat consumption curve, extraction experiments are generally performed under different powers. For example, 4 sets of power are set, 4 different steam extraction amounts are designed under each power, relevant parameters are recorded after the unit operation reaches stability, and then the heat consumption curve of the unit is determined, so that 16 experiments are needed. However, for a unit with two sections of steam extraction, if the heat consumption curve of the unit is obtained through experiments according to the previous method, each unit needs to be subjected to 64 experiments, which not only affects the normal production operation of the unit, but also consumes a large amount of resources such as manpower and material resources. Besides a large number of experiments, the main steam pressure, the main steam temperature, the reheat steam pressure, the reheat steam temperature, the back pressure and the like can influence the heat consumption, and the heat consumption is corrected during calculation, so that the complexity and the calculation difficulty are increased again, and the optimization precision is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to study the method for determining the heat consumption curve of a unit containing two sections of extraction steam for optimizing the thermoelectric load distribution of the unit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the heat consumption value of the existing multi-extraction-point turbine unit is difficult to determine under different working conditions in the operation process, the invention provides a method for determining the heat consumption curve of the turbine unit containing two sections of extraction steam.
The invention discloses a method for determining a heat consumption curve of a turbine unit with two sections of extraction steam, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a proper number of main steam flow experimental data points for a steam turbine unit i, and determining a ratio a of the first section steam extraction quantity to the maximum value and a ratio b of the second section steam extraction quantity to the maximum value;
s2, fixing the first-stage steam extraction amount to be 0, changing the second-stage steam extraction amount, increasing the second-stage steam extraction amount from the minimum value to the maximum value, recording the heat consumption value, and determining the heat consumption value MAX under the maximum steam extraction amount and the minimum steam extraction amount b Sum MIN b ；
S3, fixing the second section of steam extraction amount to be 0, changing the first section of steam extraction amount, increasing the first section of steam extraction amount from the minimum value to the maximum value, recording the heat consumption value, and determining the heat consumption value MAX under the maximum steam extraction amount and the minimum steam extraction amount a Sum MIN a ；
S4, determining a nonlinear relation f (G) between the main steam flow and the heat consumption value by utilizing the heat consumption value when the steam extraction amount is 0 and the main steam flow;
s5, utilizing heat consumption value MAX a 、MIN a 、MAX b 、MIN b A linear correction coefficient c is determined which,
s6, a heat consumption calculation generalization model of the steam turbine unit i is as follows:
and determining the heat consumption value under any main steam flow and any steam extraction according to the heat consumption calculation generalization model.
Preferably, the S4 includes: and obtaining a nonlinear relation f (G) between the main steam flow G and the heat consumption value R by adopting a cubic spline difference value between two adjacent points of the relation curve of the heat consumption value and the main steam flow when the steam extraction quantity is 0.
Preferably, in S6, the generalized model of heat loss calculation for the steam turbine unit j of the same model as the steam turbine unit i is:
k represents a correction coefficient of the difference of heat consumption values of the same-model turbine units under the same operation state.
Preferably, the step S6 further includes: correcting a heat consumption calculation generalization model of the turbine unit i, wherein the corrected heat consumption calculation generalization model is as follows:
j represents a correction coefficient of fluctuation of unit operation caused by seasonal variation of the same turbine unit;
and determining the heat consumption value under any main steam flow and any steam extraction condition according to the corrected heat consumption calculation generalization model.
Preferably, in S2, the second stage steam extraction is increased from the minimum value to the maximum value in a step-like manner.
Preferably, in the step S3, the first stage steam extraction amount is increased from the minimum value to the maximum value.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and S7, carrying out thermoelectric load optimization distribution according to the heat consumption values under any main steam flow and any steam extraction conditions determined in the S6 and by combining a thermoelectric load optimization algorithm.
Preferably, in S7, the thermoelectric load is optimally distributed to the system comprising the combined operation of the pure condenser and the back pressure machine.
Preferably, the thermoelectric load optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm.
Preferably, the two-stage extraction includes industrial extraction and heating extraction.
Preferably, the method is applicable to a pure condensing turbine set.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes the calculation of the heat consumption value of the turbine unit containing two sections of extraction steam, establishes the heat consumption calculation generalization model of the unit through a small amount of experiments, and can realize the heat consumption calculation under any running condition. And the method can be matched with the current mainstream thermoelectric load optimization algorithm (such as genetic algorithm) for thermoelectric load optimization distribution research, so that the coal consumption is reduced, the power generation cost is saved, the energy is saved, the emission is reduced, and the running efficiency of a power grid is improved. The problem that the heat consumption value of the turbine unit containing two sections of extracted steam in the power plant is difficult to determine is solved, so that the technology has strong popularization significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of turbine heat rate for a steam turbine having only a single extraction point;
FIG. 2 shows the experimental results without extraction of steam;
FIG. 3 is a sample interpolation of experimental data points;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing heat loss values and linear relationships thereof when the first stage steam extraction amount is changed;
FIG. 5 is a graph of heat rate for a 125MW stage unit;
FIG. 6 is a graph of heat loss for a 350MW stage unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
According to the method, based on mechanism analysis, heat consumption under different main steam flows is determined through a small amount of experiments based on priori knowledge, then steam extraction experiments are carried out under corresponding main steam flows, after a series of experimental data are obtained, a method for determining a heat consumption curve of a steam turbine set with two steam extraction points is provided, and further a generalization model of heat consumption values under different main steam flows and arbitrary steam extraction amounts is obtained. The method solves the problem that the heat consumption value is difficult to determine under different working conditions in the operation process of the multi-extraction-point steam turbine unit. Key data are provided for thermoelectric load distribution optimization of the multi-extraction-point turbine unit after the electric load and the thermal load instruction are given, the accuracy of thermoelectric load distribution optimization is improved, and the coal-fired power generation cost is reduced.
Because the generated power is closely related to the main steam flow and the main steam flow is easier to measure, turbine manufacturers and power plants typically provide or use main steam flow-heat consumption value curves in optimizing thermoelectric load distribution. In this embodiment, based on experimental development, when a certain pure condensing turbine does not extract steam, different main steam flows are set, and the heat consumption value is shown in fig. 2.
For a turbine unit containing two-stage extraction, the two-stage extraction needs to be incorporated into the calculation for correcting the heat consumption calculation formula. In the operation process of the steam turbine, limit values exist for the steam extraction quantity of each section in order to maintain the normal operation of the unit. The method for determining the heat consumption curve of the turbine unit with two sections of extraction steam in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a proper number of main steam flow experimental data points for a steam turbine unit i, and determining a ratio a of the first section steam extraction quantity to the maximum value and a ratio b of the second section steam extraction quantity to the maximum value;
step two, fixing the first section steam extraction amount to be 0, changing the second section steam extraction amount, increasing the second section steam extraction amount from the minimum value to the maximum value, recording the heat consumption value, and determining the heat consumption value MAX under the maximum steam extraction amount and the minimum steam extraction amount b Sum MIN b ；
In the step, during experiments, the main steam flow G is firstly set to be unchanged and the first section steam extraction quantity a is set to be 0, so that the first section steam extraction quantity a is changedThe second-stage steam extraction quantity b is increased from the minimum value of the second-stage steam extraction quantity to the maximum value of the second-stage steam extraction quantity in a step-by-step mode, after the unit operation reaches stability, relevant parameters are recorded, the current heat consumption value is calculated, and the maximum value of the heat consumption at the moment is obtained to be MAX b Minimum MIN b ；
Step three, fixing the second section of steam extraction amount to be 0, changing the first section of steam extraction amount, increasing the first section of steam extraction amount from the minimum value to the maximum value, recording the heat consumption value, and determining the heat consumption value MAX under the maximum steam extraction amount and the minimum steam extraction amount a Sum MIN a ；
In the step, during the experiment, the main steam flow G is unchanged and the second section steam extraction b is 0, the first section steam extraction a is changed, the minimum value of the first section steam extraction is increased to the maximum value of the first section steam extraction, after the unit operation is stable, relevant parameters are recorded, the current heat consumption value is calculated, and the maximum value of the heat consumption at the moment is obtained as MAX a Minimum MIN a 。
And after the second step and the third step are executed, the influence of the change of the steam extraction quantity on the heat consumption value of the unit is basically in a linear relation, and the situation of the change of the steam extraction quantity of the first section is taken as an example, and the result of the experimental working condition is shown in figure 4. The obtained data points are basically distributed on two sides of a straight line connecting a maximum value point and a minimum value point of the steam extraction quantity;
determining a nonlinear relation f (G) between the main steam flow and the heat consumption value by utilizing the heat consumption value when the steam extraction amount is 0 and the main steam flow; step five, utilizing the heat consumption value MAX a 、MIN a 、MAX b 、MIN b A linear correction coefficient c is determined which,
step six, a heat consumption calculation generalization model of the turbine unit i is as follows:
and determining the heat consumption value under any main steam flow and any steam extraction according to the heat consumption calculation generalization model.
According to the embodiment, only one section of steam extraction fixing is needed, the other section of steam extraction is the experiment of the maximum value and the minimum value, the current heat consumption values MAX and MIN are recorded, then the linear correction coefficient is set, and the heat consumption calculation type is corrected according to the actual steam extraction condition, so that the number of times of the experiment needed for determining the heat consumption curve can be reduced to the greatest extent.
According to the embodiment, the heat consumption value is calculated by utilizing the segmented spline interpolation through a small amount of experiments, the heat consumption value is corrected according to the steam extraction condition, the heat consumption calculation of the steam turbine set with two sections of steam extraction is realized, and the optimization algorithm is matched for the thermoelectric load distribution research.
In this embodiment, based on the turbine heat consumption calculation principle, and according to the heat consumption curve under the rated working condition provided by the turbine manufacturer and the past engineering experience, the heat consumption and the main steam flow are in a nonlinear relationship of approximately two times when no steam is extracted, but the nonlinearity in the operation process of the turbine is extremely strong, and the quadratic fitting lacks theoretical basis and has errors, so that the method cannot be described by using only a quadratic function. When high-order fitting is performed, all experimental data points can be guaranteed to pass through the curve, but a Dragon-Gregory tower phenomenon can occur. Therefore, the fourth step of the present embodiment includes: and obtaining a nonlinear relation f (G) between the main steam flow G and the heat consumption value R by adopting a cubic spline difference value between two adjacent points of the relation curve of the heat consumption value and the main steam flow when the steam extraction quantity is 0. By using a small number of experimental data points and based on the concept of piecewise interpolation, a cubic spline difference is adopted between two adjacent experimental points, so that the phenomenon of a Longguge tower can be eliminated, and the nonlinear relation between the main steam flow G and the heat consumption value R can be accurately described, and at the moment, the heat consumption curve of a pure condensing unit based on experimental data when no steam is extracted is shown as a figure 3:
in the sixth step of determining a model of another unit according to the heat consumption generalization model of the existing model unit, the heat consumption calculation generalization model of the turbine unit j of the same model as the turbine unit i is as follows:
k represents a correction coefficient of the difference of heat consumption values of the same-model turbine units under the same operation state.
In this embodiment, for the same unit, the operating efficiency of the unit may fluctuate due to seasonal variation, and the seasonal correction coefficient j may be introduced, so as to determine heat consumption calculation models of different seasons according to the current generalization model. The sixth step of the present embodiment further includes: correcting a heat consumption calculation generalization model of the turbine unit i, wherein the corrected heat consumption calculation generalization model is as follows:
j represents a correction coefficient of fluctuation of unit operation caused by seasonal variation of the same turbine unit;
and determining the heat consumption value under any main steam flow and any steam extraction condition according to the corrected heat consumption calculation generalization model.
The present embodiment further includes:
and step seven of the embodiment, according to the heat consumption value under any main steam flow and any steam extraction condition determined in the step six, carrying out thermoelectric load optimization distribution by combining a thermoelectric load optimization algorithm.
In the seventh step of this embodiment, the thermoelectric load is optimally distributed to the system including the combined operation of the pure condenser and the back pressure machine.
The thermoelectric load optimization algorithm of the present embodiment may be a genetic algorithm.
Taking a certain power plant with two 125 MW-level and one 350 MW-level pure condensing steam turbines as an example, the three units all comprise two sections of steam extraction, wherein the first section is industrial steam extraction, and the second section is heating steam extraction.
Selecting proper quantity of main steam flow conditions for each unit, performing steam extraction experiments under the determined main steam flow, firstly fixing the first section steam extraction amount to be 0, setting the second section steam extraction amount to be a maximum value and a minimum value, and recording the current heat consumption value; fixing the second section of steam extraction amount to be 0, setting the first section of steam extraction amount to be a maximum value and a minimum value, and recording the current heat consumption value; the heat consumption value when the steam extraction amount is 0 is used for determining an interpolation function f (G), and the heat consumption value under the maximum steam extraction amount and the heat consumption value under the minimum steam extraction amount are used for determining a linear correction coefficient, so that a heat consumption calculation generalization model of the ith unit can be obtained:
the heat consumption curves determined by the units of the power plant according to the method are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. The method for determining the heat consumption curve of the steam turbine unit with two sections of extraction steam is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a proper number of main steam flow experimental data points for a steam turbine unit i, and determining a ratio a of a first section of steam extraction quantity to a maximum value of the first section of steam extraction quantity and a ratio b of a second section of steam extraction quantity to a maximum value of the second section of steam extraction quantity;
s2, fixing the first-stage steam extraction amount to be 0, changing the second-stage steam extraction amount, increasing the second-stage steam extraction amount from the minimum value to the maximum value, recording the heat consumption value, and determining the heat consumption value MAX under the maximum steam extraction amount and the minimum steam extraction amount b Sum MIN b ；
S3, fixing the second section of steam extraction amount to be 0, changing the first section of steam extraction amount, increasing the first section of steam extraction amount from the minimum value to the maximum value, recording the heat consumption value, and determining the heat consumption value MAX under the maximum steam extraction amount and the minimum steam extraction amount a Sum MIN a ；
S4, determining a nonlinear relation f (G) between the main steam flow and the heat consumption value by utilizing the heat consumption value when the steam extraction amount is 0 and the main steam flow;
s5, utilizing heat consumption value MAX a 、MIN a 、MAX b 、MIN b A linear correction coefficient c is determined which,
s6, a heat consumption calculation generalization model of the steam turbine unit i is as follows:
and determining the heat consumption value under any main steam flow and any steam extraction according to the heat consumption calculation generalization model.
2. The method for determining a heat consumption curve for a steam turbine unit having two-stage extraction according to claim 1, wherein S4 comprises: and obtaining a nonlinear relation f (G) between the main steam flow G and the heat consumption value R by adopting a cubic spline difference value between two adjacent points of the relation curve of the heat consumption value and the main steam flow when the steam extraction quantity is 0.
3. The method for determining a heat consumption curve of a turbine unit having two-stage extraction according to claim 2, wherein in S6, the heat consumption calculation generalization model for the turbine unit j of the same model as the turbine unit i is:
k represents a correction coefficient of the difference of heat consumption values of the same-model turbine units under the same operation state.
4. The method for determining a heat consumption curve for a steam turbine unit having two-stage extraction according to claim 2, wherein S6 further comprises: correcting a heat consumption calculation generalization model of the turbine unit i, wherein the corrected heat consumption calculation generalization model is as follows:
j represents a correction coefficient of fluctuation of unit operation caused by seasonal variation of the same turbine unit;
and determining the heat consumption value under any main steam flow and any steam extraction condition according to the corrected heat consumption calculation generalization model.
5. The method for determining a heat consumption curve for a steam turbine unit having two-stage extraction according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the second stage of extraction is stepped from a minimum value to a maximum value.
6. The method for determining a heat consumption curve for a steam turbine unit having two-stage extraction according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the first stage of extraction is stepped from a minimum value to a maximum value.
7. The method for determining a heat consumption curve for a steam turbine unit having two-stage extraction according to claim 1, further comprising:
and S7, carrying out thermoelectric load optimization distribution according to the heat consumption values under any main steam flow and any steam extraction conditions determined in the S6 and by combining a thermoelectric load optimization algorithm.
8. The method for determining a heat consumption curve of a steam turbine unit including two-stage extraction according to claim 7, wherein in S7, thermoelectric load is optimally distributed to a system including a combined operation of a pure condenser and a back pressure machine.
9. The method for determining a heat consumption curve of a steam turbine unit with two-stage extraction according to claim 7, wherein the thermoelectric load optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the two-stage extraction comprises industrial extraction and heating extraction.
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