CN104573875A - Low-carbon power source and power grid optimization planning method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-carbon power source and power grid optimization planning method. The method includes the steps that various power source capacities in each area are divided into the local capacities and the delivery capacities, and inter-area point-to-point direct-sending lines are built in an equivalent network so that inter-area electric quantity flowing and inter-area carbon emission transferring can be defined, and electricity use carbon emission can be conveniently measured; decision variables of a low-carbon power source and power grid optimization model are built, the low-carbon power source and power grid optimization model composed of an objective function and constraint conditions is built with the decision variables, and the constraint conditions in the low-carbon power source and power grid optimization model are converted to be in the mode that the constraint conditions can be calculated through matrixes; the low-carbon power source and power grid optimization model is solved by compiling a solving program, and low-carbon power source and power grid optimization planning of various power sources and power transmission lines in an electric system is obtained, so that the electric system has the optimal economic benefits in the low-carbon development mode. By means of the low-carbon power source and power grid optimization planning method, the technical support is provided for improving the low-carbon level of electric system planning.

Description

A kind of method of power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of low carbonization

Technical field

The invention belongs to electric power system optimization analysis technical field, particularly power generating facilities and power grids Method for optimized planning.

Background technology

Along with energy problem and climate change problem are protruded day by day, realize low carbon development, reduce fossil energy consume the common objective becoming human society gradually excessively.The core of low carbon development is the change of technological innovation, system innovation and the view of development, and this is by relating to production model, life style, the readjusting of values, closely related with national rights and interests.

Power industry, as basic energy sector of China, is also the maximum industries of CO2 emissions simultaneously.To 2011, the whole society of China carbon emission amount broke through 8,000,000,000 tons, CO per capita ₂discharge has also exceeded global average level, and simultaneously power industry carbon emission amount breaks through 4,000,000,000 tons, and the ratio accounting for national carbon emission amount rises to 50% from 37% in 2006.No matter power industry on total emission volumn or under discharge development trend, is all faced with politics huge in the world and pressure from public opinion.Effect that electric system has " carbon locking ", namely due to the Years Of Service that the equipment such as generating, transmission of electricity are longer, makes the carbon emission situation of electric system will be " locked " within a very long time.Therefore, carry out low carbonization planning, the low carbon development realizing electric system is extremely important.

Power System Planning comprises power source planning and Electric Power Network Planning two aspects, it is the important previous work of of power system development, the basic goal of Power System Planning is that basis is to the result of a certain region in a certain internal loading prediction in period, seek a most economical electric power development scheme, make it the requirement enough meeting operational reliability.Existing Power System Planning method fails fully to take into account the carbon emission of electric system and corresponding financial cost thereof, can not meet the growth requirement of electric system under low-carbon economy situation completely.

For China's low carbon development target, the difference of carbon emission metering method also brings impact by the planning of power industry.Different carbon emission calculates bore to the statistical discrepancy of region electric power carbon emission close to 50%, and this will produce tremendous influence to the accounting of low carbon development target performance.Because electric energy belongs to clean secondary energy, in use do not produce carbon emission, tradition will be unfair to electric energy output region when adjusting the low-carbon (LC) target that such as per GDP carbon intensity declines based on the carbon emission calculating of macrostatistical approach, be difficult to the enthusiasm transferring energy input province energy-saving and emission-reduction work simultaneously.Thus, in the urgent need to realizing carbon emission metering from generating link to the transformation of electricity consumption link, and this transformation also brings new challenge by for the power generating facilities and power grids planning towards low-carbon (LC) target.Core concept based on the carbon emission metering of consumption side is shared to electricity consumption link by the carbon emission of generating link, realizes the metering of the corresponding carbon emission of electricity consumption from user side.Existing consideration based on the trans-regional electric power transfer model of the consumption carbon emission measuring angle of side and the constraint of electricity consumption carbon emission all using the carbon emission density of (or electricity consumption) carbon intensity as electricity sent outside stream that on average generates electricity.This kind of analytical approach have ignored the actual conditions that Energy Base sends electric energy outside, is difficult to consider the bilateral electricity contract in multi area interconnection network between zones of different.

When power supply architecture and interregional interconnection are not all determined completely, the carbon emission metering bore based on electricity consumption link brings new change by for Power System Planning problem.Multiple interregional all exist electricity exchange, exist respective electricity consumption carbon emission constraint time, allowing whole system carry out the expansion of power generating facilities and power grids in the mode of the lowest cost, will be that low-carbon generation network optimization plans problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is, for the power system development demand under low-carbon economy, to propose a kind of power generating facilities and power grids Method for optimized planning of low carbonization.

The power generating facilities and power grids Method for optimized planning of a kind of low carbonization that the present invention proposes, is characterized in that:

The method comprises the following steps:

1) build the low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model be made up of objective function and constraint condition, specifically comprise:

1-1) all kinds of power supply capacitys in each region are divided into two large classes, a class is local capacity, for balancing the capacity of local load; Another kind of for sending capacity outside, for supplying the capacity of other region load;

In equivalent network, set up interregional point-to-point direct sending circuit, with the clearly interregional flowing of electricity and the transfer of carbon emission, be convenient to the metering of electricity consumption carbon emission;

1-2) set up the decision variable of low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

This model is using year as decision-making time unit, and the decision variable in model mainly comprises following three classes: the first kind is represent the expansion capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of y region, in footnote, a and b all represents region; When a and b represents the same area, as during for local capacity, show that such unit increases capacity newly for the local load of equilibrium region a; When a and b represents zones of different, show that such unit increases the load of capacity for equilibrium region b newly, for sending capacity outside; Equations of The Second Kind is represent the newly-increased capacity of y region a to power transmission passage between the b of region.3rd class is be y, in typical case day d under period t, exerting oneself of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of region;

1-3) set up low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model objective function:

$\min C=\underset{y\∈Y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{(1+r)}^{-y}\·[C_y^I+C_y^O+C_y^G+C_y^T+C_y^E]---\left(29\right)$

In formula (1), with represent that system is in the gross investment construction cost of y, fixing operating cost, variable operation cost and interregional interconnection construction cost respectively, represent carbon transaction cost; Y represents all times to be planned, and r represents inflation rate;

1-3-1) total Installed capital cost is such as formula shown in (2):

$C_y^I=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\·c_{u,y,a}^I---\left(29\right)$

Model pair employing waits the form of year value decomposition, the cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is divided in the Years Of Service of power plant by discount rate, and ignores the residual value of power supply after project period.In addition, in model acquiescence fixed area, the unit capacity cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is definite value, therefore in formula no longer include footnote b; Wherein A represents the set of all subregion in model, and U represents the set of power type to be planned;

1-3-2) fixing operating cost

$C_y^O=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a}\·c_{u,y,a}^O---\left(29\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a}with represent that active volume and the unit capacity of u class power supply in a of y region fix operating cost.Active volume P _{u, y, a}be expressed from the next:

$P_{u,y,a}=\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}---\left(29\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a, b}represent the expansion capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of y region, have:

$P_{u,y,a,b}=P_{u,0,a,b}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a,b}^I-\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a,b}^D---\left(29\right)$

In formula (5), P _{u, 0, a, b}represent the existing capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in region a at the beginning of project period, represent the retired capacity of such power supply in i-th planning year;

1-3-3) interregional interconnection construction cost is represented by formula (6):

$C_y^T=\underset{(a,b)\∈B}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{(a,b),y}^I\·c_{(a,b)}^I---\left(29\right)$

In formula, with represent y from region a to the newly-built capacity of region b power transmission passage and unit capacity construction cost, B represents the set of optional power transmission passage;

1-3-4) variable operation cost

Variable operation cost is systems generate electricity cost, can be represented by formula (7):

$C_y^G=\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·c_{u,y,a}^G\·\mathrm{\ΔT}---\left(29\right)$

In formula, represent the unit cost of electricity-generating of u class power supply in a of y region, D is the day set under all typical operation modes of electric system, and TD is the period set of electric system in typical case day D, and Δ T is period lasts duration;

1-3-5) carbon emission transaction cost

Specifically be expressed as:

$C_y^E=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\π}}_{y,a}\·(E_{y,a}-E_a^{\mathrm{cap}})---\left(29\right)$

Wherein E _y,arepresent the electricity consumption carbon emission amount of y in a of region, represent the electricity consumption carbon emission quota of y in a of region, π _y.arepresent the price of y unit carbon emission quota in a of region; E _y,acan be expressed from the next:

$E_{y,a}=\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,b,a}^{d,t}\·e_{u,b}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}---\left(29\right)$

In formula, e _u,brepresent the carbon potential of u class unit in the b of sending end region;

1-4) set up the constraint condition of low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimal Planning Model, specifically comprise:

1-4-1) power supply annual electricity generating capacity constraint

This is constrained to all kinds of power supply, and the constraint of its annual electricity generating capacity is equivalent to its year gas-to electricity hourage and must not exceedes and its year the highlyest utilize hourage T _{u, y, a max}, also can not lower than certain year minimum utilization hour T _{u, y, a min}, therefore have:

$P_{u,y,a,b}\·T_{u,y,a\min }\≤\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{N}_t\·N_d\·P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\≤P_{u,y,a,b}\·T_{u,y,a\max }---\left(29\right)$

In formula, N _tand N _drepresent the quantity of typical period of time t in typical case day d and the quantity of typical case day d in y respectively;

1-4-2) subregion power supply and demand constraint

This total volume being constrained to the annual all kinds of power supply of electric system should keep balancing with this year system load demand, simultaneously, power supply capacity and other regions feeding capacity sum to this region for balancing local load in each region should be not less than the peak load in this region, the latter is the former adequate condition, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,b,a}\≥P_{y,a\max }---\left(29\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, b, a}represent the existing capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region a load in the first term area b of planning, P _{y,a max}it is the maximum predicted load of y region a;

1-4-3) region power supply is maximum can development capacity constraint

This thermoelectricity being constrained to each region generate electricity the primary energy consumption amount sum that consumes must not exceed that primary energy is maximum can quantity delivered, to region a, have:

$\underset{u\∈U_n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\·f_{u,y,a}\≤F_{y,n,a}---\left(29\right)$

In formula, f _{u, y, a}represent the energy consumption of region a moderate heat individual item generated energy, U _nthen represent all power plant's set inputted using primary energy n as energy, F _{y, n, a}represent the Maximum Supply Quantity of such primary energy n in a of region;

For the constraint of wind-powered electricity generation, water power, should limit its year by year maximum can development capacity, and this restriction depends on that the year of resource can development capacity, or the manufacturing maximum production of power-supply device, namely has:

$P_{y,0,a}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a}^N\≤P_{u,y,a\max },u\∈U---\left(29\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a max}represent that u class power supply in a of region can development capacity by the maximum of y, P _{u, 0, a}then represent the in-service installed capacity at planning such power supply initial;

1-4-4) interregional electricity contract constraint

The electricity that this constraint can show as the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of region is no less than Contract Energy; That is:

$\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\≥G_{u,y,a,b}^C,u\∈U---\left(29\right)$

In formula, for the Contract Energy of the u class power supply from region a to region b;

1-4-5) interregional interconnection capacity-constrained

This is constrained to the demand that interconnection channel capacity must ensure interregional exchange of electric power, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\≤P_{(a,b),y},(a,b)\∈B,a\≠b---\left(29\right)$

P in formula _{(a, b), y}for the active volume of the point-to-point power transmission passage of y region a to region b in equivalent network, be specially:

$P_{(a,b),y}=P_{(a,b),0}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{(a,b),i}^I,(a,b)\∈B---\left(29\right)$

P in formula _{(a, b), 0}for the existing capacity of region a to region b point-to-point power transmission passage in planning initial stage equivalent network;

In addition, the expansion of interconnection capacity also needs the interregional interconnection capacity of consideration two to there is the upper limit, that is:

P _(a,b),y≤P _{ab max}a,b∈A (29)

For the interconnection of point-to-point transmission in real network, interconnection capacity-constrained between above-mentioned zone directly can be applied; For the interconnection in virtual equivalent network, formula (17) constraint is then equivalent to profile constraints, and (a, b) represents the virtual interconnection set between region a and region b;

1-4-6) interregional interconnection Constraint

Be equivalent to its annual utilization hours to the year Constraint of each interconnection must not exceed and its year the highlyest utilize hourage T _{(a, b), y max}, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t},\mathrm{\ΔT}\≤P_{(a,b),y}\·T_{(a,b),y\max }---\left(29\right)$

1-4-7) typical day operation peak regulation and Reserve Constraint

Under this constrains in typical case's day given load curve, the start group in each region need meet the peak load of one's respective area and peak regulation and standby requirement.Under the prerequisite not considering in a few days Unit Commitment, typical day operation constraint is specifically expressed as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U_d}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\≥P_{b,y,d\max }\·(1+\stackrel{\‾}{R})\\ \underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U_d}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\α}}_{a,u}\≤P_{b,y,d\min }\·(1-\underset{\‾}{R})\end{array}\right.y\∈Y,d\∈D,b\∈A---\left(29\right)$

In formula, U _drepresent the set of unit of starting shooting in typical case day d, D gathers typical case's day, α _a,urepresent that type in a of region is the accounting that the unit minimum output of u accounts for rated capacity; P _{b, y, d max}and P _{b, y, d min}represent the minimum and maximum load of typical case day d in the b of y region, with rrepresent positive percentage reserve and negative percentage reserve;

1-4-8) typical case's day unit output constraint

Under this constrains in given typical case's day, exerting oneself of all kinds of unit of electric system can not exceed the active volume of the type unit:

$P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≤P_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,y,a}^d---\left(29\right)$

Meanwhile, exerting oneself of all kinds of unit of system can not lower than the minimum output of the type unit:

$P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≥P_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,y,a}^d\·{\mathrm{\α}}_{u,a}^d---\left(29\right)$

In formula, represent y, the active volume of u class unit in typical case day d in a region accounts for P _{u, y, a, b}ratio. represent the unit capacity minimum output ratio of the u class unit in a region in typical case day d;

1-4-9) power generating facilities and power grids investment construction constraint

This is constrained to the interval interconnection of the VDD-to-VSS of going into operation every year each department and holds quantitative limitation, should meet such as formula shown in (22):

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\≤P_{u,y,a,b\max }^N\\ P_{(a,b),y}^I\≤P_{(a,b),y\max }^I\end{array}---\left(29\right)$

1-4-10) carbon emission transaction constraint

This constraint is using electricity consumption instead of generate electricity as carbon emission measurement standard; There is the upper limit in the quota that power industry can be bought in one's respective area, total electricity consumption carbon emission exists the upper limit, that is:

$\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\·e_{u,a}\≤E_{\max y,a}---\left(29\right)$

E in formula _{max y,a}represent in a of region the electricity consumption carbon emission maximum permissible value considering y after carbon transaction, independently can be formulated by regional government, when there is the clear and definite carbon emission control objectives towards power industry in the government department of system region, E _{maxy, a}directly given;

1-4-11) newly-built power supply non-negativity constraint

Namely all kinds of power supply operation in all regions total amount need meet non-negativity constraint, shown in (24):

$\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\≥0---\left(29\right)$

1-4-12) electricity and the non-negativity constraint of interconnection decision variable, shown in (25):

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≥0\\ P_{(a,b),y}^I\≥0\end{array}---\left(29\right)$

1-4-13) interconnection rationality constraint, state such as formula shown in (26):

$\underset{(a,b)\∈\stackrel{\‾}{L}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{(a,b),y}^I=0---\left(29\right)$

In formula, represent the right set in region that there is not the energy and exchange;

2) solving to low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

Described low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model is that linear model is expressed as:

min c ^T·x

s.t.A·x≤b

(29)

A _eq·x＝b _eq

x≥0

Wherein A and b characterizes the inequality constrain in optimization problem, A _eqand b _eqcharacterize the equality constraint in optimization problem, x is decision variable, c ^tfor system cost term coefficient;

2-1) by step 1) each class cost is all expressed as in described objective function form, by formula (2) ~ (9) structure c _k.Order:

$c=\underset{k=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{c}_k---\left(29\right)$

In formula, K represents the number of cost in objective function, the c thus in constructive formula (27);

According to step 1-4) in all kinds of constraint condition, each class equality constraint and inequality constrain are all expressed as A _ix≤b _ior A _eqjx=b _eqjform; By step 1-4) construct A _i, b _iand A _eqi, b _eqi: order:

$A=\left[\begin{array}{c}{A}_1\\ A_2\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ A_I\end{array}\right],b=\left[\begin{array}{c}{b}_1\\ b_2\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ b_I\end{array}\right],A_{\mathrm{eq}}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{A}_{\mathrm{eq}1}\\ A_{\mathrm{eq}2}\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ A_{\mathrm{eqJ}}\end{array}\right],b_{\mathrm{eq}}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{b}_{\mathrm{eq}1}\\ b_{\mathrm{eq}2}\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ b_{\mathrm{eqJ}}\end{array}\right]---\left(29\right)$

In formula (29), I and J represents the number of inequality constrain and equality constraint respectively, thus the constraint condition in Optimized model is converted to available matrix computations form;

Solver is worked out by MATLAB, call CPLEX12.5 to solve described low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model, try to achieve the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low carbonization of all kinds of power supply and transmission line of electricity in electric system, make electric system under low-carbon development model, have optimum economic benefit.

Feature of the present invention:

The present invention accurately considers that carbon emission constraint transfers to electricity consumption link from generating link, namely introduces the low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids planning during constraint of electricity consumption carbon emission.Key elements such as attempting the carbon emission measuring angle of application based on consumption side retrains the carbon emission of electricity consumption link, the transaction of inter-trade carbon emission, interregional electricity contract in the investment problem planned in conventional electric power is described by model, and consider that carbon price differential between different regions is different, the peak regulation Reserve Constraint of system cloud gray model, form complete planing method.Multiple interregional all exist electricity exchange, when there is the constraint of respective electricity consumption carbon emission, consider that the source that interregional carbon emission shifts mostly is the interregional fossil capacity supported each other, this method is by sending unit outside and direct sending circuit describes sharing of interregional carbon emission responsibility.And then by setting up local capacity and the concept sending capacity outside, power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning being carried out to the electric power networks modeling of multi area interconnection, allows whole system carry out the expansion of power generating facilities and power grids in the mode of the lowest cost.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The inventive method accurately considers that carbon emission constraint transfers to electricity consumption link from generating link, namely the low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids plan model during constraint of electricity consumption carbon emission is introduced, key elements such as attempting the carbon emission measuring angle of application based on consumption side retrains the carbon emission of electricity consumption link, the transaction of inter-trade carbon emission, interregional electricity contract in the investment problem planned in conventional electric power is described, and consider that carbon price differential between different regions is different, the peak regulation Reserve Constraint of system cloud gray model, form complete planning.Multiple interregional all exist electricity exchange, exist respective electricity consumption carbon emission constraint time, allow whole electric system carry out the expansion of power generating facilities and power grids in the mode of the lowest cost.

The optimization planning that the inventive method can be electric system provides practical advice, and on the basis of introducing electricity consumption side carbon emission, take the lowest cost as the development of objective optimization planning power generating facilities and power grids, the low carbonization for system runs and lays a good foundation.

Embodiment

The methods combining embodiment of the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of a kind of low carbonization that the present invention proposes further illustrates as follows:

The method of the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of low carbonization of the present invention and specific implementation, comprise the following steps:

1) the low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model be made up of objective function and constraint condition is built

Specifically comprise:

1-1) all kinds of power supply capacitys in each region are divided into two large classes, a class is local capacity, for balancing the capacity of local load; Another kind of for sending capacity outside, for supplying the capacity of other region load;

In equivalent network, set up interregional point-to-point direct sending circuit, with the clearly interregional flowing of electricity and the transfer of carbon emission, be convenient to the metering of electricity consumption carbon emission;

1-2) set up the decision variable of low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

This model is using year as decision-making time unit, and the decision variable in model mainly comprises following three classes: the first kind is represent the expansion capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of y region, in footnote, a and b all represents region, and N represents power extension capacity; When a and b represents the same area, as during for local capacity, show that such unit increases capacity newly for the local load of equilibrium region a; When a and b represents zones of different, show that such unit increases the load of capacity for equilibrium region b newly, for sending capacity outside.Equations of The Second Kind is represent the newly-increased capacity of y region a to power transmission passage between the b of region, I represents power transmission passage and increases capacity newly.3rd class is be y, in typical case day d under period t, exerting oneself of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of region.

1-3) set up low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model objective function:

$\min C=\underset{y\∈Y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{(1+r)}^{-y}\·[C_y^I+C_y^O+C_y^G+C_y^T+C_y^E]---\left(30\right)$

In formula (1), with represent that system is in the gross investment construction cost of y, fixing operating cost, variable operation cost and interregional interconnection construction cost respectively, Section 5 in objective function represent carbon transaction cost; Wherein with described by investment problem, described by operation subproblem; Y represents all times to be planned, and r represents inflation rate; In objective function, the expression of each cost item can be calculated by formula (2), (3), (6), (7) and (8);

1-3-1) total Installed capital cost

$C_y^I=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\·c_{u,y,a}^I---\left(31\right)$

Model pair employing waits the form of year value decomposition, the cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is divided in the Years Of Service of power plant by discount rate, and ignores the residual value of power supply after project period.In addition, in model acquiescence fixed area, the unit capacity cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is definite value, therefore in formula there is footnote b again; Wherein A represents the set of all subregion in model, and U represents the set of power type to be planned;

1-3-2) fixing operating cost

$C_y^O=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a}\·c_{u,y,a}^O---\left(32\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a}with represent that active volume and the unit capacity of u class power supply in a of y region fix operating cost.Active volume P _{u, y, a}can be expressed from the next:

$P_{u,y,a}=\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}---\left(33\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a, b}represent the expansion capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of y region, have:

$P_{u,y,a,b}=P_{u,0,a,b}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a,b}^I-\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a,b}^D---\left(34\right)$

In formula, P _{u, 0, a, b}represent the existing capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in region a at the beginning of project period, represent the retired capacity of such power supply in i-th planning year;

1-3-3) interregional interconnection construction cost

Interregional interconnection construction cost can be expressed from the next:

$C_y^T=\underset{(a,b)\∈B}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{(a,b),y}^I\·c_{(a,b)}^I---\left(35\right)$

In formula, with represent y from region a to the newly-built capacity of region b power transmission passage and unit capacity construction cost, B represents the set of optional power transmission passage, and power transmission passage herein refers to the direct sending passage in the equivalent network improved;

1-3-4) variable operation cost

Total variable operation cost is systems generate electricity cost, can be represented by formula (7):

$C_y^G=\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·c_{u,y,a}^G\·\mathrm{\ΔT}---\left(36\right)$

In formula, represent the unit cost of electricity-generating of u class power supply in a of y region, D is the day set under all typical operation modes of system, and TD is the period set of system in typical case day D, and Δ T is period lasts duration;

1-3-5) carbon emission transaction cost

The implication introducing carbon emission transaction cost item is: when the electricity consumption total release of system subdomain is separately higher than total quota of discharge allowed, system needs buy extra quota of discharge thus cause cost; And when system total release is lower than quota of discharge, remaining quota can be sold and earn a profit.Specifically can be expressed as:

$C_y^E=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\π}}_{y,a}\·(E_{y,a}-E_a^{\mathrm{cap}})---\left(37\right)$

Wherein E _y,arepresent the electricity consumption carbon emission amount of y in a of region, represent the electricity consumption carbon emission quota of y in a of region, π _y.arepresent the price of y unit carbon emission quota in a of region.This model thinks that carbon emission quota is outside set-point.E _{y , a}can be expressed from the next:

$E_{y,a}=\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,b,a}^{d,t}\·e_{u,b}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}---\left(38\right)$

In formula, e _u,brepresent the carbon potential of u class unit in the b of sending end region;

1-4) set up the constraint condition of low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimal Planning Model

1-4-1) power supply annual electricity generating capacity constraint

To all kinds of power supply, the constraint of its annual electricity generating capacity is equivalent to its year gas-to electricity hourage and must not exceedes and its year the highlyest utilize hourage T _{u, y, a max}(most usury hourage is mainly derived from primary energy constraint, unit maintenance etc.), also can not lower than certain year minimum utilization hour T _{u, y, a min}(minimumly utilize that hourage derives from Policy Conditions, water power force and exert oneself or maintain power plant's operation and need), therefore has:

$P_{u,y,a,b}\·T_{u,y,a\min }\≤\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{N}_t\·N_d\·P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\≤P_{u,y,a,b}\·T_{u,y,a\max }---\left(39\right)$

In formula, N _tand N _drepresent the quantity of typical period of time t in typical case day d and the quantity of typical case day d in y respectively;

1-4-2) subregion power supply and demand constraint

The total volume of the annual all kinds of power supply of system should keep balancing with this year system load demand, simultaneously, power supply capacity and other regions feeding capacity sum to this region for balancing local load in each region should be not less than the peak load in this region, and the latter is the former adequate condition, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,b,a}\≥P_{y,a\max }---\left(40\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, b, a}represent the existing capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region a load in the first term area b of planning, P _{y, a max}it is the maximum predicted load of y region a;

1-4-3) region power supply is maximum can development capacity constraint

For fired power generating unit, power supply generating needs to consume primary energy, is mainly coal, rock gas, oil etc.; Obviously, the thermoelectricity in each region generate electricity the primary energy consumption amount sum that consumes must not exceed that primary energy is maximum can quantity delivered, be presented as system thermoelectricity year maximum Constraint, to region a, have:

$\underset{u\∈U_n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\·f_{u,y,a}\≤F_{y,n,a}---\left(41\right)$

In formula, f _{u, y, a}represent the energy consumption of region a moderate heat individual item generated energy, U _nthen represent all power plant's set inputted using primary energy n as energy, F _{y, n, a}represent the Maximum Supply Quantity of such primary energy n in a of region (directly not considering primary energy transport constraint and cost in this model);

The power supply expending fuel is not needed for wind-powered electricity generation, water power, does not need to observe the constraint of above formula, and its year by year maximum should be limited can development capacity, this restriction depends on that the year of resource can development capacity, or the manufacturing maximum production of power-supply device, namely has:

$P_{u,0,a}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a}^N\≤P_{u,y,a\max },u\∈U---\left(42\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a max}represent that u class power supply in a of region can development capacity by the maximum of y, P _{u, 0, a}then represent the in-service installed capacity at planning such power supply initial;

1-4-4) interregional electricity contract constraint

Different interregionally freely can sign bilateral electricity contract, as the foundation that interregional electricity exchanges and even carbon emission is shared.For the contract that region a and region b exists, the electricity that this constraint can show as the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of region is no less than Contract Energy; That is:

$\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\≥G_{u,y,a,b}^C,u\∈U---\left(43\right)$

In formula, for the Contract Energy of the u class power supply from region a to region b;

1-4-5) interregional interconnection capacity-constrained

Interconnection channel capacity must ensure the demand of interregional exchange of electric power, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\≤P_{(a,b),y},(a,b)\∈B,a\≠b---\left(44\right)$

P in formula _{(a, b), y}for the active volume of the point-to-point power transmission passage of y region a to region b in equivalent network, be specially:

$P_{(a,b),y}=P_{(a,b),0}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{(a,b),i}^I,(a,b)\∈B---\left(45\right)$

P in formula _{(a, b), 0}for the existing capacity of region a to region b point-to-point power transmission passage in planning initial stage equivalent network;

In addition, the expansion of interconnection capacity also needs the restriction considering the factors such as geographical and execution conditions, and two interregional interconnection capacity exist the upper limit, that is:

P _(a,b),y≤P _{ab max}a,b∈A (46)

For the interconnection of point-to-point transmission in real network, interconnection capacity-constrained between above-mentioned zone directly can be applied; For the interconnection in virtual equivalent network, formula (17) constraint is then equivalent to profile constraints, and (a, b) represents the virtual interconnection set between region a and region b;

1-4-6) interregional interconnection Constraint

To each interconnection, its year Constraint is equivalent to its annual utilization hours and must not exceedes and its year the highlyest utilize hourage T _{(a, b), y max}, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t},\mathrm{\ΔT}\≤P_{(a,b),y}\·T_{(a,b),y\max }---\left(47\right)$

1-4-7) typical day operation peak regulation and Reserve Constraint

This containment surfaces is to production simulation, and under typical case's day given load curve, the start group in each region need meet the peak load of one's respective area and peak regulation and standby requirement.Under the prerequisite not considering in a few days Unit Commitment, typical day operation constraint is specifically expressed as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U_d}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\≥P_{b,y,d\max }\·(1+\stackrel{\‾}{R})\\ \underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U_d}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\α}}_{a,u}\≤P_{b,y,d\min }\·(1-\underset{\‾}{R})\end{array}\right.y\∈Y,d\∈D,b\∈A---\left(48\right)$

In formula, U _drepresent the set of unit of starting shooting in typical case day d, D gathers typical case's day, α _a,urepresent that type in a of region is the accounting that the unit minimum output of u accounts for rated capacity; P _{b, y, d max}and P _{b, y, d min}represent the minimum and maximum load of typical case day d in the b of y region, with rrepresent positive percentage reserve and negative percentage reserve;

(for the new forms of energy unit (based on wind-powered electricity generation) in each region, its anti-peak-shaving capability need be considered, when the positive Reserve Constraint of analytic system, by the new forms of energy unit start capacity (P of corresponding Wind turbines _{u, y, a, b}) be considered as zero, and when analytic system bears Reserve Constraint, by the P that exerts oneself corresponding for wind-powered electricity generation _{u, y, a, b}be taken as maximum output under certain confidence level.Process like this can guarantee that peak-load regulating and Reserve Constraint meet the requirement of actual motion; )

1-4-8) typical case's day unit output constraint

This containment surfaces is to production simulation, and under given typical case's day, exerting oneself of all kinds of unit of system can not exceed the active volume of the type unit:

$P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≤P_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,y,a}^d---\left(49\right)$

Meanwhile, exerting oneself of all kinds of unit of system can not lower than the minimum output of the type unit:

$P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≥P_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,y,a}^d\·{\mathrm{\α}}_{u,a}^d---\left(50\right)$

In formula, represent y, the active volume of u class unit in typical case day d in a region accounts for P _{u, y, a, b}ratio. represent the unit capacity minimum output ratio of the u class unit in a region in typical case day d;

1-4-9) power generating facilities and power grids investment construction constraint

Consider the stationarity of the construction ability of power generating facilities and power grids and the expansion scheme of each region power supply and electrical network, show as the interval interconnection capacity of the VDD-to-VSS of going into operation every year each department and should meet a definite limitation, shown in (22):

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\≤P_{u,y,a,b\max }^N\\ P_{(a,b),y}^I\≤P_{(a,b),y\max }^I\end{array}---\left(51\right)$

1-4-10) carbon emission transaction constraint

Consider the industrial structure of zones of different in system, economic development planning and the response to National Macroscopic low carbon development target, setting retrains by the carbon emission amount of each region to self.Before trans-regional carbon emission mechanism of exchange is formed, each regional power grid can seek the carbon emission transaction cooperation in region and between other industry; In order to impel each region to self with can the optimization of mode and the industrial structure, rationally self electricity consumption carbon emission of understanding, this is about intrafascicular will introduce the thought of the carbon emission metering based on consumption side, using electricity consumption instead of generating as carbon emission measurement standard; Considering the restriction of carbon emission quota and transaction in each region, there is the upper limit in the quota that power industry can be bought in one's respective area, is presented as that the constraint of total electricity consumption carbon emission exists the upper limit, that is:

$\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\·e_{u,a}\≤E_{\max y,a}---\left(52\right)$

E in formula _{max y, a}represent in a of region the electricity consumption carbon emission maximum permissible value considering y after carbon transaction, independently can be formulated by regional government, as outside known conditions.When there is the clear and definite carbon emission control objectives towards power industry in government department's (or country) of system region, E _{maxy, a}can be directly given;

1-4-11) newly-built power supply non-negativity constraint

In power source planning problem, usually there is the non-negativity constraint of newly-built power supply capacity, in multizone power source planning problem in this paper, allow decision variable occur negative value, but all regions all kinds of power supply operation total amount need meet non-negativity constraint, that is:

$\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\≥0---\left(53\right)$

1-4-12) electricity and the non-negativity constraint of interconnection decision variable

Except newly-built power constraints, all the other decision variables meet non-negativity constraint, shown in (25):

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≥0\\ P_{(a,b),y}^I\≥0\end{array}---\left(54\right)$

1-4-13) interconnection rationality constraint

According to ENERGY PLANNING strategy or system actual conditions, in multizone system, not any two respectively interregionally all can carry out electric energy conveying, and for the region pair that there is not the energy and exchange, its interconnection capacity need be set to zero, to obtain rational optimum results.In conjunction with decision variable non-negativity constraint, the constraint of interconnection rationality can be stated such as formula shown in (26):

$\underset{(a,b)\∈\stackrel{\‾}{L}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{(a,b),y}^I=0---\left(55\right)$

In formula, represent the right set in region that there is not the energy and exchange;

Described low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model is linear model;

2) solving to low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

The general type of linear model is expressed as:

min c ^T·x

s.t.A·x≤b

(56)

A _eq·x＝b _eq

x≥0

Wherein A and b characterizes the inequality constrain in optimization problem, A _eqand b _eqcharacterize the equality constraint in optimization problem, x is decision variable, c ^tfor system cost term coefficient;

2-1) by step 1) each class cost is all expressed as in described objective function form, by formula (2) ~ (9) structure c _k.Order:

$c=\underset{k=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{c}_k---\left(57\right)$

In formula, K represents the number of cost in objective function, the c thus in constructive formula (27);

According to step 1-4) in all kinds of constraint condition, each class equality constraint and inequality constrain are all expressed as A _ix≤b _ior A _eqjx=b _eqjform; By step 1-4) construct A _i, b _iand A _eqi, b _eqi: order:

$A=\left[\begin{array}{c}{A}_1\\ A_2\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ A_I\end{array}\right],b=\left[\begin{array}{c}{b}_1\\ b_2\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ b_I\end{array}\right],A_{\mathrm{eq}}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{A}_{\mathrm{eq}1}\\ A_{\mathrm{eq}2}\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ A_{\mathrm{eqJ}}\end{array}\right],b_{\mathrm{eq}}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{b}_{\mathrm{eq}1}\\ b_{\mathrm{eq}2}\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ b_{\mathrm{eqJ}}\end{array}\right]---\left(58\right)$

In formula (29), I and J represents the number of inequality constrain and equality constraint respectively, the constraint condition in Optimized model can be converted to available matrix computations form thus;

Solver is worked out by MATLAB, call CPLEX12.5 to solve above-mentioned Optimized model, can, in the hope of the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low carbonization of power supply all kinds of in electric system and transmission line of electricity, make electric system under low-carbon development model, have optimum economic benefit.

The planning implementation example of said method to south China five province following power generating facilities and power grids expansion prospect is used to be described as follows:

Project period of the present embodiment be 2015 to the year two thousand twenty, to show the effect of this method.South electric network is considered as five node systems by each province, its inner zones of different is no longer distinguished to each node, only distinguish the unit that it is inner dissimilar.Main consideration water power, thermoelectricity, nuclear power and new forms of energy four kinds of power supply types.According to " 12 " and the research of medium-term and long-term the electric develop planning of each province under " south electric network " 12 " development plan achievement compilation " and south electric network region, required basic data is as follows:

(1) electricity needs

Each peak loads inside the province in 2015 and prediction " 13 " rate of growth as shown in the table:

Table 1 south electric network 2015 and " 13 " load prediction

(2) power parameter

The installed capacity of the dissimilar power supply in each province in 2015 is with reference to following table:

The each region installed capacity in 2015 of table 2 south electric network and formation (ten thousand kW)

For unit all kinds of in different province utilize hourage, maximum can the parameter such as development capacity, different regions are all variant, and " 12 " and the medium-term and long-term electric power industry development planning file of and each province overall according to south electric network obtain.Construction of Unit cost, operating cost etc. adopt canonical parameter.

(3) equivalent network parameter

Set up southern five provinces and regions simplification equivalent networks and acquire power supply and the interconnection that model can supply programmed decision-making.

Within 2015, each interregional interconnection situation is as shown in table 3, table 4:

Table 3 south electric network each provinces and regions interconnection capacity (ten thousand kW) in 2015

Table 4 south electric network each provinces and regions interconnection length (km) in 2015

To simplify the analysis, all interconnectors transprovincially planned in the present embodiment are 500kV and exchange or DC power transmission line, range estimation result reference table 4.

Table 5 south electric network each provinces and regions interconnection unit capacity cost (unit/kW)

(4) production simulation data

Setting one-year age is 8760 hours, and the present embodiment takes two typical days, is respectively peak day then and minimum load day, and often kind of typical day continues 4380 hours.Each typical case comprises two periods day, is respectively peak period and the low-valley interval of this day, each period lasts 12 hours.To 2015 to the year two thousand twenty six planning year, 12 typical days totally 24 typical period of time associative simulation.

(5) electricity contract data

According to south electric network actual conditions, it is water power that setting Yunnan Province exports electricity, and the electricity being sent to Guangdong Province in total electricity that Guizhou Province exports is thermoelectricity.If project period in each year Guizhou and Yunnan need meet always to send electricity contract outside as follows:

Table 6 Yunnan-Guizhou two province sends contract demand (hundred million kWh) outside

All the other Transmission Corridors retrain without electricity contract.

(6) carbon emission data

Carbon emission quota is compared per GDP carbon intensity decline 40% ~ 45% in 2005 based on China's the year two thousand twenty and is formulated.2015 can be limited and compare per GDP carbon intensity decline 30% in 2005.Within 2016, decline 32% to 42% respectively to 2020.On the other hand, for determining carbon consumption constraint, the relation between clear and definite power industry carbon emission and whole society's carbon emission is also needed.The ratio that in this example, between conservative supposition 2015 to the year two thousand twenty, power industry carbon emission accounts for whole society's carbon emission total amount remains on 50%.Thus, can estimate the electricity consumption carbon emission quota showing that each province links up with to the year two thousand twenty and GDP phase for 2015, as shown in table 7, unit is ten thousand tons.Set each province's carbon transaction total amount simultaneously and must not exceed 10% of the whole province's carbon emission quota total amount.

The each time electricity consumption in each provinces and regions of table 7 carbon emission quota (ten thousand tCO2)

Consider each province carbon market difference, hypothetical price does not change in time, and setting each province carbon quota price is as follows:

The each time electricity consumption in each provinces and regions of table 8 carbon emission quota price

Above-mentioned model MATLAB is programmed, calls CPLEX12.5 and solve, obtain result as follows:

(1) power source planning

Power source planning is as follows year by year in each province after arranging:

The each provinces and regions of table 9 each time increases hydropower installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

The each provinces and regions of table 10 each time increases thermoelectricity installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

The each provinces and regions of table 11 each time increases nuclear power installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

The each provinces and regions of table 12 each time increases fuel gas generation installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

The each provinces and regions of table 13 each time increases generation of electricity by new energy installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

On the whole, under low-carbon (LC) constraint south electric network seek large water power and large nuclear power first develop obtain low-carbon (LC) benefit, in hydroelectric resources deficiency or the not enough province of regulating power, Gas Generator Set becomes preferred.And the new forms of energy based on wind-powered electricity generation are also the preferred objects of planning towards low-carbon (LC) under small prerequisite.

(2) electrical network expansion scheme

After arranging, inter-provincial each interconnection expansion scheme is as follows:

The each provinces and regions of table 14 each time increases interconnection capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although describe the present invention with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a method for the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of low carbonization, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:

1) build the low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model be made up of objective function and constraint condition, specifically comprise:

1-1) all kinds of power supply capacitys in each region are divided into two large classes, a class is local capacity, for balancing the capacity of local load; Another kind of for sending capacity outside, for supplying the capacity of other region load;

In equivalent network, set up interregional point-to-point direct sending circuit, with the clearly interregional flowing of electricity and the transfer of carbon emission, be convenient to the metering of electricity consumption carbon emission;

1-2) set up the decision variable of low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

This model is using year as decision-making time unit, and the decision variable in model mainly comprises following three classes: the first kind is represent the expansion capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of y region, in footnote, a and b all represents region; When a and b represents the same area, as during for local capacity, show that such unit increases capacity newly for the local load of equilibrium region a; When a and b represents zones of different, show that such unit increases the load of capacity for equilibrium region b newly, for sending capacity outside; Equations of The Second Kind is represent the newly-increased capacity of y region a to power transmission passage between the b of region.3rd class is be y, in typical case day d under period t, exerting oneself of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of region;

1-3) set up low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model objective function:

$\min C=\underset{y\∈Y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{(1+r)}^{-y}\·[C_y^I+C_y^O+C_y^G+C_y^T+C_y^E]---\left(1\right)$

In formula (1), with represent that system is in the gross investment construction cost of y, fixing operating cost, variable operation cost and interregional interconnection construction cost respectively, represent carbon transaction cost; Y represents all times to be planned, and r represents inflation rate;

1-3-1) total Installed capital cost is such as formula shown in (2):

$C_y^I=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\·c_{u,y,a}^I---\left(2\right)$

Model pair employing waits the form of year value decomposition, the cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is divided in the Years Of Service of power plant by discount rate, and ignores the residual value of power supply after project period.In addition, in model acquiescence fixed area, the unit capacity cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is definite value, therefore in formula no longer include footnote b; Wherein A represents the set of all subregion in model, and U represents the set of power type to be planned;

1-3-2) fixing operating cost

$C_y^O=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a}\·c_{u,y,a}^O---\left(3\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a}with represent that active volume and the unit capacity of u class power supply in a of y region fix operating cost.Active volume P _{u, y, a}be expressed from the next:

$P_{u,y,a}=\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}---\left(4\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a, b}represent the expansion capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of y region, have:

$P_{u,y,a,b}=P_{u,0,a,b}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a,b}^I-\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a,b}^D---\left(5\right)$

In formula (5), P _{u, 0, a, b}represent the existing capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region b load in region a at the beginning of project period, represent the retired capacity of such power supply in i-th planning year;

1-3-3) interregional interconnection construction cost is represented by formula (6):

$C_y^T=\underset{(a,b)\∈B}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{(a,b),y}^I\·c_{(a,b)}^I---\left(6\right)$

In formula, with represent y from region a to the newly-built capacity of region b power transmission passage and unit capacity construction cost, B represents the set of optional power transmission passage;

1-3-4) variable operation cost

Variable operation cost is systems generate electricity cost, can be represented by formula (7):

$C_y^G=\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·c_{u,y,a}^G\·\mathrm{\ΔT}---\left(7\right)$

In formula, represent the unit cost of electricity-generating of u class power supply in a of y region, D is the day set under all typical operation modes of electric system, and TD is the period set of electric system in typical case day D, and Δ T is period lasts duration;

1-3-5) carbon emission transaction cost

Specifically be expressed as:

$C_y^E=\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\π}}_{y,a}\·(E_{y,a}-E_a^{\mathrm{cap}})---\left(8\right)$

Wherein E _y,arepresent the electricity consumption carbon emission amount of y in a of region, represent the electricity consumption carbon emission quota of y in a of region, π _y.arepresent the price of y unit carbon emission quota in a of region; E _y,acan be expressed from the next:

$E_{y,a}=\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,b,a}^{d,t}\·e_{u,b}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}---\left(9\right)$

In formula, e _u,brepresent the carbon potential of u class unit in the b of sending end region;

1-4) set up the constraint condition of low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimal Planning Model, specifically comprise:

1-4-1) power supply annual electricity generating capacity constraint

This is constrained to all kinds of power supply, and the constraint of its annual electricity generating capacity is equivalent to its year gas-to electricity hourage and must not exceedes and its year the highlyest utilize hourage T _{u, y, a max}, also can not lower than certain year minimum utilization hour T _{u, y, a min}, therefore have:

$P_{u,y,a,b}\·T_{u,y,a\min }\≤\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{N}_t\·N_d\·P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\≤P_{u,y,a,b}\·T_{u,y,a\max }---\left(10\right)$

In formula, N _tand N _drepresent the quantity of typical period of time t in typical case day d and the quantity of typical case day d in y respectively;

1-4-2) subregion power supply and demand constraint

This total volume being constrained to the annual all kinds of power supply of electric system should keep balancing with this year system load demand, simultaneously, power supply capacity and other regions feeding capacity sum to this region for balancing local load in each region should be not less than the peak load in this region, the latter is the former adequate condition, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,b,a}\≥P_{y,a\max }---\left(11\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, b, a}represent the existing capacity of the u class power supply of powering for region a load in the first term area b of planning, P _{y,a max}it is the maximum predicted load of y region a;

1-4-3) region power supply is maximum can development capacity constraint

This thermoelectricity being constrained to each region generate electricity the primary energy consumption amount sum that consumes must not exceed that primary energy is maximum can quantity delivered, to region a, have:

$\underset{u\∈U_n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{b\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d.t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\·f_{u,y,a}\≤F_{y,n,a}---\left(\text{12}\right)$

In formula, f _{u, y, a}represent the energy consumption of region a moderate heat individual item generated energy, U _nthen represent all power plant's set inputted using primary energy n as energy, F _{y, n, a}represent the Maximum Supply Quantity of such primary energy n in a of region;

For the constraint of wind-powered electricity generation, water power, should limit its year by year maximum can development capacity, and this restriction depends on that the year of resource can development capacity, or the manufacturing maximum production of power-supply device, namely has:

$P_{u,0,a}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{u,i,a}^N\≤P_{u,y,a\max },u\∈U---\left(13\right)$

In formula, P _{u, y, a max}represent that u class power supply in a of region can development capacity by the maximum of y, P _{u, 0, a}then represent the in-service installed capacity at planning such power supply initial;

1-4-4) interregional electricity contract constraint

The electricity that this constraint can show as the u class power supply of powering for region b load in a of region is no less than Contract Energy; That is:

$\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\≥G_{u,y,a,b}^C,u\∈U---\left(14\right)$

In formula, for the Contract Energy of the u class power supply from region a to region b;

1-4-5) interregional interconnection capacity-constrained

This is constrained to the demand that interconnection channel capacity must ensure interregional exchange of electric power, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\≤P_{(a,b),y},(a,b)\∈B,a\≠b---\left(15\right)$

P in formula _{(a, b), y}for the active volume of the point-to-point power transmission passage of y region a to region b in equivalent network, be specially:

$P_{(a,b),y}=P_{(a,b),0}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{y}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{P}_{(a,b),i}^I,(a,b)\∈B---\left(16\right)$

P in formula _{(a, b), 0}for the existing capacity of region a to region b point-to-point power transmission passage in planning initial stage equivalent network;

In addition, the expansion of interconnection capacity also needs the interregional interconnection capacity of consideration two to there is the upper limit, that is:

P _(a,b),y≤P _{ab max}a,b∈A (17)

For the interconnection of point-to-point transmission in real network, interconnection capacity-constrained between above-mentioned zone directly can be applied; For the interconnection in virtual equivalent network, formula (17) constraint is then equivalent to profile constraints, and (a, b) represents the virtual interconnection set between region a and region b;

1-4-6) interregional interconnection Constraint

Be equivalent to its annual utilization hours to the year Constraint of each interconnection must not exceed and its year the highlyest utilize hourage T _{(a, b), y max}, that is:

$\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d.t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}{\≤P}_{(a,b),y}\·T_{(a,b),y\max }---\left(\text{18}\right)$

1-4-7) typical day operation peak regulation and Reserve Constraint

Under this constrains in typical case's day given load curve, the start group in each region need meet the peak load of one's respective area and peak regulation and standby requirement.Under the prerequisite not considering in a few days Unit Commitment, typical day operation constraint is specifically expressed as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U_d}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\≥P_{b,y,d\max }\·(1+\stackrel{\‾}{R})\\ \underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U_d}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\α}}_{a,u}\≤P_{b,y,d\min }\·(1-\underset{\‾}{R})\end{array}\right.y\∈Y,d\∈D,b\∈A---\left(19\right)$

In formula, U _drepresent the set of unit of starting shooting in typical case day d, D gathers typical case's day, α _a,urepresent that type in a of region is the accounting that the unit minimum output of u accounts for rated capacity; P _{b, y, d max}and P _{b, y, d min}represent the minimum and maximum load of typical case day d in the b of y region, with represent positive percentage reserve and negative percentage reserve;

1-4-8) typical case's day unit output constraint

Under this constrains in given typical case's day, exerting oneself of all kinds of unit of electric system can not exceed the active volume of the type unit:

$P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≤P_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,y,a}^d---\left(20\right)$

Meanwhile, exerting oneself of all kinds of unit of system can not lower than the minimum output of the type unit:

$P_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≥P_{u,y,a,b}\·{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,y,a}^d\·{\mathrm{\α}}_{u,a}^d---\left(21\right)$

In formula, represent y, the active volume of u class unit in typical case day d in a region accounts for P _{u, y, a, b}ratio. represent the unit capacity minimum output ratio of the u class unit in a region in typical case day d;

1-4-9) power generating facilities and power grids investment construction constraint

This is constrained to the interval interconnection of the VDD-to-VSS of going into operation every year each department and holds quantitative limitation, should meet such as formula shown in (22):

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\≤P_{u,y,a,b\max }^N\\ P_{(a,b),y}^I\≤P_{(a,b),y\max }^I\end{array}---\left(22\right)$

1-4-10) carbon emission transaction constraint

This constraint is using electricity consumption instead of generate electricity as carbon emission measurement standard; There is the upper limit in the quota that power industry can be bought in one's respective area, total electricity consumption carbon emission exists the upper limit, that is:

$\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{u\∈U}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{d\∈D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{t\∈T_D}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d.t}\·\mathrm{\ΔT}\·e_{u,a}\≤F_{\max y,a}---\left(23\right)$

E in formula _{max y,a}represent in a of region the electricity consumption carbon emission maximum permissible value considering y after carbon transaction, independently can be formulated by regional government, when there is the clear and definite carbon emission control objectives towards power industry in the government department of system region, E _{maxy, a}directly given;

1-4-11) newly-built power supply non-negativity constraint

Namely all kinds of power supply operation in all regions total amount need meet non-negativity constraint, shown in (24):

$\underset{a\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^N\≥0---\left(24\right)$

1-4-12) electricity and the non-negativity constraint of interconnection decision variable, shown in (25):

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{u,y,a,b}^{d,t}\≥0\\ P_{(a,b),y}^I\≥0\end{array}---\left(25\right)$

1-4-13) interconnection rationality constraint, state such as formula shown in (26):

$\underset{(a,b)\∈\stackrel{\‾}{L}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{(a,b),y}^I=0---\left(26\right)$

In formula, represent the right set in region that there is not the energy and exchange;

2) solving to low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

Described low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model is that linear model is expressed as:

min c ^T·x

s.t.A·x≤b

(27)

A _eq·x＝b _eq

x≥0

Wherein A and b characterizes the inequality constrain in optimization problem, A _eqand b _eqcharacterize the equality constraint in optimization problem, x is decision variable, c ^tfor system cost term coefficient;

2-1) by step 1) each class cost is all expressed as in described objective function form, by formula (2) ~ (9) structure c _k.Order:

$c=\underset{k=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{c}_k---\left(28\right)$

In formula, K represents the number of cost in objective function, the c thus in constructive formula (27);

According to step 1-4) in all kinds of constraint condition, each class equality constraint and inequality constrain are all expressed as A _ix≤b _ior A _eqjx=b _eqjform; By step 1-4) construct A _i, b _iand A _eqi, b _eqi: order:

$A=\left[\begin{array}{c}{A}_1\\ A_2\\ \·\\ \·\\ \·\\ A_I\end{array}\right],$ $b=\left[\begin{array}{c}{b}_1\\ b_2\\ \·\\ \·\\ \·\\ b_I\end{array}\right],$ $A_{\mathrm{eq}}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{A}_{\mathrm{eq}1}\\ A_{\mathrm{eq}2}\\ \·\\ \·\\ \·\\ A_{\mathrm{eq}}J\end{array}\right],$ $b_{\mathrm{eq}}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{b}_{\mathrm{eq}1}\\ b_{\mathrm{eq}2}\\ \·\\ \·\\ \·\\ b_{\mathrm{eq}}J\end{array}\right]---\left(29\right)$

In formula (29), I and J represents the number of inequality constrain and equality constraint respectively, thus the constraint condition in Optimized model is converted to available matrix computations form;

Solver is worked out by MATLAB, call CPLEX12.5 to solve described low carbonization power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model, try to achieve the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low carbonization of all kinds of power supply and transmission line of electricity in electric system, make electric system under low-carbon development model, have optimum economic benefit.