CN104573875B

CN104573875B - A kind of method of the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of low-carbon

Info

Publication number: CN104573875B
Application number: CN201510041210.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康重庆; 周天睿; 孙彦龙; 韩丰; 李晖; 肖晋宇; 罗金山; 路畅; 江峰青; 郭明星
Original assignee: Tsinghua University; State Grid Corp of China SGCC; State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd; State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute
Current assignee: Tsinghua University; State Grid Corp of China SGCC; State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd; State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute
Priority date: 2015-01-27
Filing date: 2015-01-27
Publication date: 2017-09-26
Anticipated expiration: 2035-01-27
Also published as: CN104573875A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of power generating facilities and power grids Method for optimized planning of low-carbon, this method includes：All kinds of power supply capacitys in each region are divided into local capacity and the class of capacity two is sent outside, interregional point-to-point direct sending circuit is set up in equivalent network, with the flowing of clearly interregional electricity and the transfer of carbon emission, is easy to the metering of electricity consumption carbon emission；The decision variable of low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model is set up, the low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model being made up of object function and constraints is built with this, the constraints in Optimized model is converted into available matrix computations form；By solver processed, the low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model is solved, the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low-carbon of all kinds of power supplys and transmission line of electricity in power system is tried to achieve so that power system has optimal economic benefit under low-carbon development model.The present invention provides technical support to improve the low-carbon level of Power System Planning.

Description

A kind of method of the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of low-carbon

Technical field

The invention belongs to electric power system optimization analysis technical field, more particularly to power generating facilities and power grids Method for optimized planning.

Background technology

As energy problem increasingly protrudes with climate change problem, realize low carbon development, reduce excessively disappearing for fossil energy Consumption is increasingly becoming the common objective of human society.The core of low carbon development is the change of technological innovation, system innovation and the view of development, This will be related to production model, life style, values and readjusts, with national rights and interests closely related.

Power industry is as basic energy sector of China, while being also the maximum industry of CO2 emissions.Extremely 2011, the whole society of China carbon emission amount broke through 8,000,000,000 tons, per capita CO₂Discharge also has been over the average level in the whole world, together When power industry carbon emission amount break through 4,000,000,000 tons, account for the ratio of national carbon emission amount from 2006 37% rises to 50%.Electricity Lixing industry is faced with politics and public opinion pressure huge in the world no matter on total emission volumn or under discharge development trend Power.Power system has " carbon locking " effect, i.e., due to longer Years Of Services of equipment such as generating, transmissions of electricity so that power system Carbon emission situation will be " locked " within a very long time.Therefore, low-carbon planning is carried out, for realizing electric power The low carbon development of system is extremely important.

Power System Planning includes power source planning and two aspects of Electric Power Network Planning, is that one of power system development is important Previous work, the basic goal of Power System Planning is, according to the result predicted in a certain period internal loading a certain region, to seek A most economical electric power development scheme is sought, is allowed to enough meet the requirement of operational reliability.Existing Power System Planning method Fail fully meter and the carbon emission and its corresponding financial cost of power system, it is impossible to fully meet electric power under low-carbon economy situation The growth requirement of system.

For China's low carbon development target, the planning to power industry is also brought shadow by the difference of carbon emission metering method Ring.Different carbon emissions calculate bore to the statistical discrepancy of region electric power carbon emission close to 50%, and this is completed to low carbon development target The accounting of situation will produce tremendous influence.Because electric energy belongs to the secondary energy sources of cleaning, carbon is not produced in use Discharge, carbon emission of the tradition based on macrostatistical approach, which is calculated, is adjusting the low-carbon target that such as per GDP carbon intensity declines When will be unfair to electric energy output region, while being difficult to the enthusiasm for transferring energy input province energy-saving and emission-reduction work.Thus, compel The carbon emission to be realized of being essential metering is from generating link to the transformation of electricity consumption link, and this transformation is also by for towards low-carbon target Power generating facilities and power grids planning brings new challenge.The core concept of carbon emission metering based on consumption side is by the carbon emission of generating link Share to electricity consumption link, the metering of electricity consumption correspondence carbon emission is realized from user side.It is existing to consider the carbon based on consumption side Emission measurement angle and the trans-regional power transmission model of electricity consumption carbon emission constraint are strong with average generating (or electricity consumption) carbon emission Spend the carbon emission density as electricity sent outside stream.Such a analysis method have ignored the actual conditions that Energy Base sends electric energy outside, difficult To consider the bilateral electricity contract in multi area interconnection network between different zones.

When power supply architecture and interregional interconnection are not determined completely, the carbon emission metering bore based on electricity consumption link will New change is brought for Power System Planning problem.It is multiple it is interregional there is electricity exchange, there is respective electricity consumption carbon emission During constraint, allow whole system to carry out the extension of power generating facilities and power grids in the way of the lowest cost, will be low-carbon generation network optimization rule Draw problem to be solved.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is the power system development demand being directed under low-carbon economy, proposes a kind of power supply electricity of low-carbon Net Method for optimized planning.

A kind of power generating facilities and power grids Method for optimized planning of low-carbon proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that：

This method comprises the following steps：

1) the low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model being made up of object function and constraints is built, is specifically included：

All kinds of power supply capacitys in each region 1-1) are divided into two major classes, a class is local capacity, for balancing this The capacity of ground load；Another kind of is to send capacity outside, the capacity for supplying other region loads；

Interregional point-to-point direct sending circuit is set up in equivalent network, is arranged with the flowing of clearly interregional electricity and carbon The transfer put, is easy to the metering of electricity consumption carbon emission；

1-2) set up the decision variable of low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

The model is using year as decision-making time unit, and the decision variable in model mainly includes following three class：The first kind isRepresent that a and b represents area in the extension capacity of u class power supplys powered in a of y regions for region b loads, footnote Domain；When a and b represent the same area, such asDuring for local capacity, show that such unit increases capacity newly and is used for equilibrium region a sheets Ground load；When a and b represent different zones, show that such unit increases capacity newly and is used for equilibrium region b load, to send appearance outside Amount；Equations of The Second Kind isRepresent y regions a to the newly-increased capacity of power transmission passage between the b of region.3rd class isFor It is exerting oneself for the u class power supplys that region b loads are powered in y, typical day d under period t, in a of region；

1-3) set up low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model object function：

In formula (1),WithRepresent respectively system y gross investment construction cost, fixed run Cost, variable operation cost and interregional interconnection construction cost,Represent carbon transaction cost；Y represents all years to be planned Part, r represents inflation rate；

1-3-1) shown in total Installed capital cost such as formula (2)：

Model pairUsing etc. year value decompose form, the cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is divided into power plant by discount rate In Years Of Service, and ignore residual value of the power supply after project period.In addition, the unit of all kinds of power plant is held in model acquiescence FX Amount cost of investment is definite value, therefore in formulaThere is no footnote b；Wherein A represents the set of all subregion in model, and U represents to treat Plan the set of power type；

1-3-2) fixed operating cost

In formula, P_u,y,aWithRepresent that the active volume of u class power supplys and unit capacity fix operation in a of y regions Cost.Active volume P_u,y,aIt is expressed from the next：

In formula, P_u,y,a,bThe extension capacity of u class power supplys powered in a of y regions for region b loads is represented, is had：

In formula (5), P_u,0,a,bThe appearance for the u class power supplys powered in region a at the beginning of representing project period for region b loads Amount,Represent retired capacity of such power supply in i-th of planning year；

1-3-3) interregional interconnection construction cost is represented by formula (6)：

In formula,WithRepresent that y is built from region a to the newly-built capacity of region b power transmission passages and unit capacity This is set as, B represents the set of optional power transmission passage；

1-3-4) variable operation cost

Variable operation cost is system cost of electricity-generating, can be represented by formula (7)：

In formula,The unit cost of electricity-generating of u class power supplys in a of y regions is represented, D is all typical cases of power system Day set under the method for operation, TD is period set of the power system in typical day D, and Δ T is period lasts duration；

1-3-5) carbon emission transaction cost

It is embodied as：

Wherein E_y,aThe electricity consumption carbon emission amount of y in a of region is represented,Y's is arranged with electrical carbon in expression region a Put quota, π_y.aRepresent the price of y unit carbon emission quotas in a of region；E_y,aIt can be expressed from the next：

In formula, e_u,bRepresent the carbon potential of u class units in sending end region b；

The constraints of low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimal Planning Model 1-4) is set up, is specifically included：

1-4-1) power supply annual electricity generating capacity is constrained

This is constrained to all kinds of power supplys, and the constraint of its annual electricity generating capacity is equivalent to its year gas-to electricity hourage and must not exceed its year Highest can utilize hourage T_{u,y,a max}, can not also be less than certain minimum utilization hour T in year_{u,y,a min}, therefore have：

In formula, N_tAnd N_dThe quantity of quantity of the typical period of time t in typical day d and typical day d in y is represented respectively；

1-4-2) subregion power supply and demand is constrained

The total capacity for being constrained to the annual all kinds of power supplys of power system should keep balancing with this year system load demand, together When, being used to balance the power supply capacity of local load in each region should be not less than with other regions to the feeding capacity sum in the region The peak load in the region, the latter is the former adequate condition, i.e.,：

In formula, P_u,y,b,aThe existing capacity of u class power supplys powered in the first term area b of planning for region a loads is represented, P_{y,a max}For y regions a maximum predicted load；

1-4-3) region power supply maximum can development capacity constraint

The consumed primary energy consumption amount sum of thermoelectricity generating for being constrained to each region must not exceed primary energy most The big amount of can be supplied to, to region a, has：

In formula, f_u,y,aRepresent the energy consumption of region a moderate heat individual item generated energy, U_nThen represent all with primary energy n to make Gather for the power plant of energy input, F_y,n,aRepresent Maximum Supply Quantitys of such primary energy n in a of region；

For the constraint of wind-powered electricity generation, water power, should limit its maximum year by year can development capacity, the limitation depends on the year of resource Can development capacity, the or manufacturing maximum production of power-supply device have：

In formula, P_{u,y,a max}Represent that u classes power supply can development capacity, P by y maximum in a of region_u,0,aThen represent In the in-service installed capacity of such initial power supply of planning；

1-4-4) interregional electricity contract constraint

The electricity that the constraint can behave as the u class power supplys powered in a of region for region b loads is no less than Contract Energy； I.e.：

In formula,For the Contract Energy of the u class power supplys from region a to region b；

1-4-5) interregional interconnection capacity-constrained

This is constrained to the demand that interconnection channel capacity must assure that interregional exchange of electric power, i.e.,：

P in formula_(a,b),yFor the active volume of the point-to-point power transmission passages of y regions a in equivalent network to region b, specifically For：

P in formula_(a,b),0For the existing capacity of the point-to-point power transmission passages of region a to region b in planning equivalent network at initial stage；

In addition, the extension of interconnection capacity also needs to consider that two interregional interconnection capacity have the upper limit, i.e.,：

P_(a,b),y≤P_{ab max} a,b∈A (29)

For the interconnection of point-to-point transmission in real network, interconnection capacity-constrained between above-mentioned zone can be directly applied； For the interconnection in virtual equivalent network, formula (17) is constrained then equivalent to profile constraints, (a, b) represent region a and region b it Between virtual interconnection set；

1-4-6) interregional interconnection Constraint

Hour can be utilized by being equivalent to its annual utilization hours to the year Constraint of each interconnection and must not exceed its year highest Number T_{(a,b),y max}, i.e.,：

1-4-7) typical day operation peak regulation and Reserve Constraint

This is constrained under given load curve of typical day, and group need that have been switched in each region meet the maximum of one's respective area and born Lotus and peak regulation and stand-by requirement.On the premise of in a few days Unit Commitment is not considered, typical day operation constraint is embodied as：

In formula, U_dThe set of the start unit in typical day d is represented, D is typical day set, α_a,uRepresent type in a of region The accounting of rated capacity is accounted for for u unit minimum output；P_{b,y,d max}And P_{b,y,d min}Represent that typical day d is most in the b of y regions Big and minimum load,WithRRepresent positive percentage reserve and negative percentage reserve；

1-4-8) typical day unit output constraint

This was constrained under given typical day, and all kinds of units of power system are exerted oneself no more than the available appearance of the type unit Amount：

Meanwhile, exerting oneself for all kinds of units of system can not be less than the minimum output of the type unit：

In formula,Represent y, the active volume of the u classes unit in a regions in typical day d accounts for P_u,y,a,bRatio Value.Represent unit capacity minimum output ratio of the u classes unit in a regions in typical day d；

1-4-9) power generating facilities and power grids investment construction is constrained

This is constrained to the limitation of the power supply gone into operation every year each department and interzone interconnection capacity, should meet such as formula (22) institute Show：

1-4-10) carbon emission transaction constraint

The constraint is used as carbon emission measurement criteria using electricity consumption rather than generating；What power industry can purchase in one's respective area matches somebody with somebody There is the upper limit in volume, total electricity consumption carbon emission has the upper limit, i.e.,：

E in formula_{max y,a}The electricity consumption carbon emission maximum permissible value of y after consideration carbon transaction in a of region is represented, can be by each Regional government independently formulates, when there is the carbon emission control targe clearly towards power industry in the government department of system region When, E_maxy,aDirectly give；

1-4-11) newly-built power supply nonnegativity restriction

I.e. all kinds of power supply operation total amounts in region need to meet nonnegativity restriction, as shown in formula (24)：

1-4-12) electricity and interconnection decision variable nonnegativity restriction, as shown in formula (25)：

1-4-13) constraint of contact line justification, is stated as shown in formula (26)：

In formula,Represent the set in region pair exchanged in the absence of the energy；

2) to the solution of low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model

The low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model is expressed as linear model：

min c^T·x

s.t.A·x≤b

(29)

A_eqX=b_eq

x≥0

Wherein A and b characterizes the inequality constraints in optimization problem, A_eqAnd b_eqCharacterize the equality constraint in optimization problem, x For decision variable, c^TFor system cost term coefficient；

2-1) by step 1) each class cost is represented as in the object functionForm, by formula (2)~(9) Construct c_k.Order：

K represents the number of cost in object function in formula, thus the c in constructive formula (27)；

According to step 1-4) in all kinds of constraintss, each class equality constraint and inequality constraints are represented as A_i·x ≤b_iOr A_eqjX=b_eqjForm；By step 1-4) construction A_i、b_iAnd A_eqi、b_eqi：Order：

In formula (29), I and J represent the number of inequality constraints and equality constraint respectively, thus by the pact in Optimized model Beam condition is converted to available matrix computations form；

Solver is worked out by MATLAB, calls CPLEX12.5 to carry out the low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model Solve, try to achieve the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low-carbon of all kinds of power supplys and transmission line of electricity in power system so that power system There is optimal economic benefit under low-carbon development model.

The features of the present invention：

Accurate consideration carbon emission constraint of the invention is transferred to electricity consumption link from generating link, that is, introduces the constraint of electricity consumption carbon emission When low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids planning.Model will attempt carbon of the application based on consumption side in the investment problem that conventional electric power is planned Emission measurement angle is carried out to key elements such as carbon emission constraint, the transaction of inter-trade carbon emission, the interregional electricity contracts of electricity consumption link Description, and consider that carbon price differential between different regions is different, system operation peak regulation Reserve Constraint, form complete planing method. It is multiple it is interregional there is electricity exchange, when there is the constraint of respective electricity consumption carbon emission, it is contemplated that interregional carbon emission transfer Source is generally the interregional fossil capacity supported each other, and this method describes interregional carbon row by sending unit and direct sending circuit outside Put sharing for responsibility.And then the concept by setting up local capacity He sending capacity outside, the electric power networks of multi area interconnection are modeled Power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning is carried out, allows whole system to carry out the extension of power generating facilities and power grids in the way of the lowest cost.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：

The inventive method accurately considers that carbon emission constraint is transferred to electricity consumption link from generating link, that is, introduces electricity consumption carbon emission Low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids plan model during constraint, will attempt application based on consumption side in the investment problem that conventional electric power is planned Carbon emission measuring angle to key elements such as carbon emission constraint, the transaction of inter-trade carbon emission, the interregional electricity contracts of electricity consumption link It is described, and considers that carbon price differential between different regions is different, system operation peak regulation Reserve Constraint, forms complete planning. It is multiple it is interregional there is electricity exchange, when there is the constraint of respective electricity consumption carbon emission, allow whole power system with totle drilling cost most Low mode carries out the extension of power generating facilities and power grids.

The inventive method can provide practical advice for the optimization planning of power system, introduce the basis of electricity consumption side carbon emission On, the development of power generating facilities and power grids is planned by objective optimization of the lowest cost, is that the low-carbonization operation of system lays a good foundation.

Embodiment

A kind of method of the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of low-carbon proposed by the present invention further illustrate in conjunction with the embodiments as Under：

The method and specific implementation of the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low-carbon of the present invention, comprise the following steps：

1) the low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model being made up of object function and constraints is built

Specifically include：

The model is using year as decision-making time unit, and the decision variable in model mainly includes following three class：The first kind isRepresent that a and b represents area in the extension capacity of u class power supplys powered in a of y regions for region b loads, footnote Domain, N represents power extension capacity；When a and b represent the same area, such asDuring for local capacity, show that such unit is increased newly Capacity is used for the local loads of equilibrium region a；When a and b represent different zones, show that such unit increases capacity newly and is used for equilibrium area Domain b load, to send capacity outside.Equations of The Second Kind isY regions a is represented to the newly-increased capacity of power transmission passage between the b of region, I represents power transmission passage and increases capacity newly.3rd class isFor y, in typical day d under period t, born in a of region for region b U class power supplys that lotus is powered are exerted oneself.

In formula (1),WithRepresent respectively system y gross investment construction cost, fixed run Section 5 in cost, variable operation cost and interregional interconnection construction cost, object functionRepresent carbon transaction cost；Its InWithDescribed by investment problem,By running subproblem description；Y represents all times to be planned, and r represents logical Goods expansion rate；The expression of each cost can be calculated by formula (2), (3), (6), (7) and (8) and obtained in object function；

1-3-1) total Installed capital cost

Model pairUsing etc. year value decompose form, the cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is divided into power plant by discount rate Years Of Service in, and ignore residual value of the power supply after project period.In addition, model gives tacit consent to the unit of all kinds of power plant in FX Capacity cost of investment is definite value, therefore in formulaThere is footnote b again；Wherein A represents the set of all subregion in model, and U represents to treat Plan the set of power type；

1-3-2) fixed operating cost

In formula, P_u,y,aWithRepresent that the active volume of u class power supplys and unit capacity fix operation in a of y regions Cost.Active volume P_u,y,aIt can be expressed from the next：

In formula, P_u,0,a,bThe existing capacity for the u class power supplys powered in region a at the beginning of representing project period for region b loads,Represent retired capacity of such power supply in i-th of planning year；

1-3-3) interregional interconnection construction cost

Interregional interconnection construction cost can be expressed from the next：

In formula,WithRepresent y from region a to the newly-built capacity of region b power transmission passages and unit capacity Construction cost, B represents the set of optional power transmission passage, and the direct sending that power transmission passage herein refers in improved equivalent network leads to Road；

1-3-4) variable operation cost

Total variable operation cost is system cost of electricity-generating, can be represented by formula (7)：

In formula,The unit cost of electricity-generating of u class power supplys in a of y regions is represented, D is all typical case's operations of system Day set under mode, TD is period set of the system in typical day D, and Δ T is period lasts duration；

1-3-5) carbon emission transaction cost

Carbon emission transaction cost is introduced to be meant that：When system, each the electricity consumption total release of subdomain is higher than and always allowed During quota of discharge, system needs to buy extra quota of discharge to cause cost；And when system total release is matched somebody with somebody less than discharge During volume, remaining quota can be sold and earned a profit.Specifically it is represented by：

Wherein E_y,aThe electricity consumption carbon emission amount of y in a of region is represented,Y's is arranged with electrical carbon in expression region a Put quota, π_y.aRepresent the price of y unit carbon emission quotas in a of region.This model thinks that carbon emission quota gives to be outside Value.E_{Y, a}It can be expressed from the next：

1-4) set up the constraints of low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimal Planning Model

1-4-1) power supply annual electricity generating capacity is constrained

To all kinds of power supplys, the constraint of its annual electricity generating capacity be equivalent to its year gas-to electricity hourage must not exceed its year highest can profit Use hourage T_{u,y,a max}(highest is mainly derived from primary energy constraint, unit maintenance etc. using hourage), can not also be less than one Minimum utilization hour T in fixed year_{u,y,a min}(minimum utilization hourage forces from Policy Conditions, water power and exerts oneself or maintain power plant Operation needs), therefore have：

1-4-2) subregion power supply and demand is constrained

The total capacity of the annual all kinds of power supplys of system should keep balancing with this year system load demand, meanwhile, used in each region The maximum in the region should be not less than to the feeding capacity sum in the region in the power supply capacity and other regions for balancing local load Load, the latter is the former adequate condition, i.e.,：

1-4-3) region power supply maximum can development capacity constraint

For fired power generating unit, power supply, which generates electricity, to be needed to consume primary energy, predominantly coal, natural gas, oil etc.；Obviously, The primary energy consumption amount sum that the thermoelectricity generating in each region is consumed must not exceed the primary energy maximum amount of can be supplied to, and be presented as The maximum Constraint of system thermoelectricity year, to region a, has：

In formula, f_u,y,aRepresent the energy consumption of region a moderate heat individual item generated energy, U_nThen represent all with primary energy n to make Gather for the power plant of energy input, F_y,n,aRepresent that Maximum Supply Quantitys of such primary energy n in a of region be not (straight in this model Connect consideration primary energy transport constraint and cost)；

The power supply of fuel need not be expended for wind-powered electricity generation, water power, it is not required to the constraint in accordance with above formula, and it should be limited year by year Maximum can development capacity, the limitation depend on resource year can development capacity, or the manufacturing maximum production of power-supply device, i.e., Have：

1-4-4) interregional electricity contract constraint

It is different it is interregional can freely sign bilateral electricity contract, exchanged as interregional electricity or even carbon emission share Foundation.By taking the contract that region a and region b is present as an example, the constraint can behave as the u classes powered in a of region for region b loads The electricity of power supply is no less than Contract Energy；I.e.：

1-4-5) interregional interconnection capacity-constrained

Interconnection channel capacity must assure that the demand of interregional exchange of electric power, i.e.,：

In addition, the extension of interconnection capacity also needs to consider the limitation of the factors such as geographical and execution conditions, two interregional contacts There is the upper limit in line capacity, i.e.,：

P_(a,b),y≤P_{ab max} a,b∈A (46)

1-4-6) interregional interconnection Constraint

To each interconnection, its year Constraint, which is equivalent to its annual utilization hours and must not exceed its year highest, can utilize hour Number T_{(a,b),y max}, i.e.,：

1-4-7) typical day operation peak regulation and Reserve Constraint

This constraint facing to manufacture is simulated, under the load curve that typical day gives, and the group that has been switched in each region needs satisfaction The peak load and peak regulation of one's respective area and stand-by requirement.On the premise of in a few days Unit Commitment is not considered, typical day operation is about Beam is embodied as：

(for the new energy unit (based on wind-powered electricity generation) in each region, its anti-peak-shaving capability need to be considered, it is just standby in analysis system During with constraint, by the new energy unit start capacity (P of correspondence Wind turbines_u,y,a,b) it is considered as zero, and born in analysis system standby During constraint, by the corresponding P that exerts oneself of wind-powered electricity generation_u,y,a,bIt is taken as EIAJ under certain confidence level.It is processed as may insure system Peak regulation meets the requirement of actual motion with Reserve Constraint；)

1-4-8) typical day unit output constraint

This constraint facing to manufacture is simulated, under given typical day, no more than the type machine of exerting oneself of all kinds of units of system The active volume of group：

The stationarity of the expansion scheme of construction ability and each region power supply and power network in view of power generating facilities and power grids, table The power supply and interzone interconnection capacity now gone into operation every year for each department should meet a definite limitation, as shown in formula (22)：

1-4-10) carbon emission transaction constraint

In view of the industrial structure of different zones, economic development planning in system and to National Macroscopic low carbon development target Response, each region to the carbon emission amount of itself by set constrain.Before the formation of trans-regional carbon emission mechanism of exchange, each region Power network can seek the carbon emission transaction cooperation between other industry in region；In order to promote each region can mode and production to itself using The optimization of industry structure, rationally recognizes itself electricity consumption carbon emission, and the think of of the carbon emission metering based on consumption side is introduced into this constraint Think, carbon emission measurement criteria is used as using electricity consumption rather than generating；In view of carbon emission quota in each region and the limitation of transaction, electricity There is the upper limit in the quota that Lixing industry can purchase in one's respective area, be presented as that total electricity consumption carbon emission constraint has the upper limit, i.e.,：

E in formula_{max y,a}The electricity consumption carbon emission maximum permissible value of y after consideration carbon transaction in a of region is represented, can be by each Regional government independently formulates, and is used as outside known conditions.When there is clear and definite face in the government department (or country) of system region To power industry carbon emission control targe when, E_maxy,aCan directly it give；

1-4-11) newly-built power supply nonnegativity restriction

In power source planning problem, generally there is the nonnegativity restriction of newly-built power supply capacity, set forth herein multizone In power source planning problem, it is allowed to decision variableThere is negative value, but all kinds of power supply operation total amounts in all regions need to meet non-negative Property constraint, i.e.,：

1-4-12) electricity and interconnection decision variable nonnegativity restriction

In addition to newly-built power constraints, remaining decision variable meets nonnegativity restriction, as shown in formula (25)：

1-4-13) contact line justification constraint

According to ENERGY PLANNING strategy or system actual conditions, not any two each interregional can enter in multizone system Row electrical energy transportation, for the region pair exchanged in the absence of the energy, its interconnection capacity need to be set to zero, rational to obtain Optimum results.With reference to decision variable nonnegativity restriction, contact line justification constraint can be stated as shown in formula (26)：

The low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model is linear model；

The general type of linear model is expressed as：

min c^T·x

s.t.A·x≤b

(56)

A_eqX=b_eq

x≥0

In formula (29), I and J represent the number of inequality constraints and equality constraint respectively, thus can be by Optimized model Constraints is converted to available matrix computations form；

Solver is worked out by MATLAB, calls CPLEX12.5 to solve above-mentioned Optimized model, can be in the hope of electricity The power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low-carbon of all kinds of power supplys and transmission line of electricity in Force system so that power system is in low carbon development mould There is optimal economic benefit under formula.

The planning implementation example that the following power generating facilities and power grids of the province of south China five extend prospect is described as follows with the above method：

The project period of the present embodiment be 2015 to the year two thousand twenty, to show the application effect of this method.South electric network is pressed Each province is considered as five node systems, does not repartition its internal different zones to each node, only distinguishes its internal inhomogeneity The unit of type.It is main to consider water power, thermoelectricity, four kinds of power supply types of nuclear power and new energy.According to《South electric network " 12 " develops Program results collect》" 12 " and medium-term and long-term electric power development project study with each province under south electric network region, required base Plinth data are as follows：

(1) electricity needs

Each peak loads inside the province in 2015 and prediction " 13 " growth rate are as shown in the table：

1 south electric network of table 2015 and " 13 " load prediction

(2) power parameter

The installed capacity of each province's different type power supply in 2015 refers to following table：

Each region installed capacity in 2015 of 2 south electric network of table and composition (ten thousand kW)

For all kinds of units in different provinces using hourage, maximum can the parameter such as development capacity, there is difference different regions It is different, obtained according to south electric network entirety and " 12 " of each province and medium-term and long-term electric power industry development planning file.Construction of Unit Cost, operating cost etc. use canonical parameter.

(3) equivalent network parameter

Set up southern five provinces and regions simplification equivalent network and acquire power supply and interconnection that model is available for programmed decision-making.

Each interregional interconnection situation is as shown in table 3, table 4 within 2015：

3 south electric network of table each provinces and regions interconnection capacity (ten thousand kW) in 2015

4 south electric network of table each provinces and regions interconnection length (km) in 2015

To simplify the analysis, all interconnectors transprovincially planned in the present embodiment are 500kV AC or DC power transmission lines Road, range estimation result reference table 4.

Each provinces and regions interconnection unit capacity cost of the south electric network of table 5 (member/kW)

(4) analogue data is produced

One-year age is set as 8760 hours, the present embodiment takes two typical days, is respectively peak day then With minimum load day, every kind of typical day continue 4380 hours.Each typical case's day includes two periods, when being respectively the peak of this day Section and low-valley interval, each period lasts 12 hours.To 2015 to the planning years of the year two thousand twenty six, 12 typical days totally 24 allusion quotations The associative simulation of type period.

(5) electricity contract data

According to south electric network actual conditions, set Yunnan Province and export electricity as water power, sent in the total electricity of Guizhou Province's output Electricity toward Guangdong Province is thermoelectricity.If it is as follows that what each year Guizhou project period and Yunnan need to be met always sends electricity contract outside：

The province of 6 Yunnan-Guizhou of table two sends contract demand (hundred million kWh) outside

Remaining Transmission Corridor is constrained without electricity contract.

(6) carbon emission data

Carbon emission quota is based on compared to 2005 per GDP carbon intensities of China's the year two thousand twenty and declines 40%~45% system It is fixed.Compared to 2005 2015 per GDP carbon intensities can be limited and decline 30%.Decline 32% respectively within 2016 to 2020 To 42%.On the other hand, to determine carbon consumption constraint, the pass between clear and definite power industry carbon emission and whole society's carbon emission is also needed System.Guarded in this example and assume that 2015 ratios for accounting for whole society's total carbon emission to power industry carbon emission between the year two thousand twenty are maintained at 50%.Thus, the electricity consumption carbon emission quota for showing that each province is linked up with for 2015 to the year two thousand twenty with GDP phases can be estimated, as shown in table 7, Unit is ten thousand tons.Concurrently set each province's carbon transaction total amount must not exceed the whole province's carbon emission quota total amount 10%.

Each time electricity consumption carbon emission quota in each provinces and regions of table 7 (ten thousand tCO2)

In view of each province carbon market difference, it is assumed that price is not changed over, setting each province's carbon quota price is as follows：

Each time electricity consumption carbon emission quota price in each provinces and regions of table 8

Above-mentioned model is programmed with MATLAB, calls CPLEX12.5 to be solved, result is obtained as follows：

(1) power source planning

Power source planning is as follows year by year for each province after arrangement：

Each provinces and regions each time of table 9 increases hydropower installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

Each provinces and regions each time of table 10 increases thermoelectricity installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

Each provinces and regions each time of table 11 increases nuclear power installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

Each provinces and regions each time of table 12 increases fuel gas generation installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

Each provinces and regions each time of table 13 increases generation of electricity by new energy installed capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

On the whole, south electric network seeks big water power under low-carbon constraint and first developing for big nuclear power is imitated with obtaining low-carbon Benefit, in the province that hydroelectric resources is not enough or regulating power is not enough, Gas Generator Set turns into preferred.And the new energy based on wind-powered electricity generation On the premise of small be also towards low-carbon planning preferred pair as.

(2) power network expansion scheme

Inter-provincial each interconnection expansion scheme is as follows after arrangement：

Each provinces and regions each time of table 14 increases interconnection capacity (ten thousand kW) newly

Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof, to the greatest extent The present invention is described with reference to above-described embodiment for pipe, those of ordinary skills in the art should understand that：Still can be right The embodiment of the present invention is modified or equivalent substitution, and any modification without departing from spirit and scope of the invention or Person's equivalent substitution, it all should cover among scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims

1. the method for the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of a kind of low-carbon, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：

All kinds of power supply capacitys in each region 1-1) are divided into two major classes, a class is local capacity, it is local negative for balancing The capacity of lotus；Another kind of is to send capacity outside, the capacity for supplying other region loads；

Interregional point-to-point direct sending circuit is set up in equivalent network, with the flowing of clearly interregional electricity and carbon emission Transfer, is easy to the metering of electricity consumption carbon emission；

The model is using year as decision-making time unit, and the decision variable in model mainly includes following three class：The first kind is Represent that a and b represents region in the extension capacity of u class power supplys powered in a of y regions for region b loads, footnote；Work as a The same area is represented with b, such asDuring for local capacity, show that such power supply increases capacity newly and locally born for equilibrium region a Lotus；When a and b represent different zones, show that such power supply increases capacity newly and is used for equilibrium region b load, to send capacity outside；The Two classes areRepresent y regions a to the newly-increased capacity of power transmission passage between the b of region；3rd class isFor y, It is exerting oneself for the u class power supplys that region b loads are powered in typical day d under period t, in a of region；

<mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>O</mi> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>G</mi> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula (1),WithRespectively represent system y gross investment construction cost, fixation operating cost, Variable operation cost and interregional interconnection construction cost,Represent carbon transaction cost；Y represents all times to be planned, r generations Table inflation rate；

1-3-1) shown in total Installed capital cost such as formula (2)：

<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

Model pairUsing etc. year value decompose form, the cost of investment of all kinds of power plant is divided to the military service of power plant by discount rate In the time limit, and ignore residual value of the power supply after project period；In addition, the unit capacity of all kinds of power plant is thrown in model acquiescence FX Money cost is definite value, therefore in formulaThere is no footnote b；Wherein A represents the set of all subregion in model, and U represents to be planned The set of power type；

1-3-2) fixed operating cost

<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>O</mi> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mi>O</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula, P_u,y,aWithRepresent that the active volume of u class power supplys and unit capacity fix operating cost in a of y regions； Active volume P_u,y,aIt is expressed from the next：

<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </munderover> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </munderover> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mi>D</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula (5), P_u,0,a,bThe existing capacity for the u class power supplys powered in region a at the beginning of representing project period for region b loads,Represent retired capacity of such power supply in i-th of planning year；

<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula,WithRepresent that y is built into from region a to the newly-built capacity of region b power transmission passages and unit capacity This, B represents the set of optional power transmission passage；

1-3-4) variable operation cost

<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>G</mi> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula,The unit cost of electricity-generating of u class power supplys in a of y regions is represented, D is all typical operation sides of power system Day set under formula, TD is period set of the power system in typical day D, and Δ T is period lasts duration；

1-3-5) carbon emission transaction cost

It is embodied as：

<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

Wherein E_y,aThe electricity consumption carbon emission amount of y in a of region is represented,Represent that the electricity consumption carbon emission of y in a of region is matched somebody with somebody Volume, π_y.aRepresent the price of y unit carbon emission quotas in a of region；E_y,aIt can be expressed from the next：

<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

1-4-1) power supply annual electricity generating capacity is constrained

This is constrained to all kinds of power supplys, and the constraint of its annual electricity generating capacity is equivalent to its year gas-to electricity hourage and must not exceed its year highest Using hourage T_{u,y,a max}, can not also be less than certain minimum utilization hour T in year_{u,y,a min}, therefore have：

<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

1-4-2) subregion power supply and demand is constrained

The total capacity for being constrained to the annual all kinds of power supplys of power system should keep balancing with this year system load demand, meanwhile, respectively The area should be not less than with other regions to the feeding capacity sum in the region by being used to balance the power supply capacity of local load in region The peak load in domain, the latter is the former adequate condition, i.e.,：

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula, P_u,y,b,aRepresent the existing capacity of u class power supplys powered in the first term area b of planning for region a loads, P_{y,a max} For y regions a maximum predicted load；

1-4-3) region power supply maximum can development capacity constraint

The consumed primary energy consumption amount sum of thermoelectricity generating for being constrained to each region must not exceed primary energy maximum can Quantity delivered, to region a, has：

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula, f_u,y,aRepresent the energy consumption of region a moderate heat individual item generated energy, U_nThen represent all and energy is used as using primary energy n Power plant's set of amount input, F_y,n,aRepresent Maximum Supply Quantitys of such primary energy n in a of region；

For the constraint of wind-powered electricity generation, water power, should limit its maximum year by year can development capacity, the limitation depends on the Nian Kekai of resource Capacity, or the manufacturing maximum production of power-supply device are sent out, that is, is had：

<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </munderover> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>13</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula, P_{u,y,a max}Represent that u classes power supply can development capacity, P by y maximum in a of region_u,0,aThen represent in rule Draw the in-service installed capacity of such initial power supply；

1-4-4) interregional electricity contract constraint

The electricity that the constraint can behave as the u class power supplys powered in a of region for region b loads is no less than Contract Energy；I.e.：

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mi>C</mi> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>14</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

1-4-5) interregional interconnection capacity-constrained

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&NotEqual;</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

P in formula_(a,b),yFor the active volume of the point-to-point power transmission passages of y regions a in equivalent network to region b, it is specially：

<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </munderover> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

P_(a,b),y≤P_{ab max} a,b∈A (17)

For the interconnection of point-to-point transmission in real network, interconnection capacity-constrained between above-mentioned zone can be directly applied；For Interconnection in virtual equivalent network, formula (17) is constrained then equivalent to profile constraints, and (a, b) is represented between region a and region b Virtual interconnection set；

1-4-6) interregional interconnection Constraint

Hourage can be utilized by being equivalent to its annual utilization hours to the year Constraint of each interconnection and must not exceed its year highest T_{(a,b),y max}, i.e.,：

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>18</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

1-4-7) typical day operation peak regulation and Reserve Constraint

This is constrained under given load curve of typical day, in each region have been switched on group need meet the peak load of one's respective area with And peak regulation and stand-by requirement；On the premise of in a few days Unit Commitment is not considered, typical day operation constraint is embodied as：

<mrow> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <munder> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mover> <mi>R</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <munder> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>min</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <munder> <mi>R</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>19</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> 3

In formula, U_dThe set of the start unit in typical day d is represented, D is typical day set, α_a,uRepresent that type is u's in a of region Unit minimum output accounts for the accounting of rated capacity；P_{b,y,d max}And P_{b,y,d min}Represent in the b of y regions typical day d maximum and Minimum load,WithRRepresent positive percentage reserve and negative percentage reserve；

1-4-8) typical day unit output constraint

This was constrained under given typical day, and all kinds of units of power system are exerted oneself no more than the active volume of the type unit：

<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>21</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

In formula,Represent y, the active volume of the u classes unit in a regions in typical day d accounts for P_u,y,a,bRatio； Represent unit capacity minimum output ratio of the u classes unit in a regions in typical day d；

This is constrained to the limitation of the power supply gone into operation every year each department and interzone interconnection capacity, should meet as shown in formula (22)：

1-4-10) carbon emission transaction constraint

The constraint is used as carbon emission measurement criteria using electricity consumption rather than generating；The quota that power industry can purchase in one's respective area is deposited In the upper limit, there is the upper limit in total electricity consumption carbon emission, i.e.,：

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </munder> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>23</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

E in formula_{max y,a}The electricity consumption carbon emission maximum permissible value of y after consideration carbon transaction in a of region is represented, can be by regional Government independently formulates, when the government department of system region has clearly towards the carbon emission control targe of power industry, E_maxy,aDirectly give；

1-4-11) newly-built power supply nonnegativity restriction

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

<mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>25</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

<mrow> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&Element;</mo> <mover> <mi>L</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </mover> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>26</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

<mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>min</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>27</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

Wherein A and b characterizes the inequality constraints in optimization problem, A_eqAnd b_eqThe equality constraint in optimization problem is characterized, x is decision-making Variable, c^TFor system cost term coefficient；

2-1) by step 1) each class cost is represented as in the object functionForm, by formula (2)~(9) construct c_k；Order：

<mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>K</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>28</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>

According to step 1-4) in all kinds of constraintss, each class equality constraint and inequality constraints are represented as A_i·x≤b_iOr A_eqjX=b_eqjForm；By step 1-4) construction A_i、b_iAnd A_eqi、b_eqi：Order：

In formula (29), I and J represent the number of inequality constraints and equality constraint respectively, thus by the constraint bar in Optimized model Part is converted to available matrix computations form；

Solver is worked out by MATLAB, calls CPLEX12.5 to solve the low-carbon power generating facilities and power grids Optimized model, Try to achieve the power generating facilities and power grids optimization planning of the low-carbon of all kinds of power supplys and transmission line of electricity in power system so that power system is in low-carbon There is optimal economic benefit under development model.