CN113325713B - Method for determining optimal operation mode of heat supply unit by adopting matched extraction steam external supply technology - Google Patents
Method for determining optimal operation mode of heat supply unit by adopting matched extraction steam external supply technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the optimal operation mode of a heat supply unit by adopting a matched steam extraction external supply technology, which adopts field operation data, takes the lowest total standard coal consumption of a coal electric unit under the conditions of fixed steam supply load and power supply load as an optimization objective function, adopts a univariate comparison method, sequentially adjusts the steam pressure and the heat re-steam pressure at the exhaust position of the unit, compares the total standard coal consumption under the conditions of heat supply and power supply of the unit with a reference working condition, and if the total standard coal consumption under the conditions of heat supply and power supply of the unit is larger than the reference working condition, the original reference working condition is still used as the reference working condition; if the parameter is smaller than the preset value, taking the corresponding operation working condition of the parameter as a new comparison reference working condition, continuously adjusting the steam pressure and the hot reheat pressure at the row position in the unit, and performing next iteration optimization. The invention takes the lowest total standard coal consumption as an objective function on the premise of meeting the power grid electric load and the heat load dispatching of the steam utilization unit, and obtains the optimal control values of the steam pressure and the heat-regasification pressure at the middle exhaust position of the matched steam extraction external supply unit under the boundary conditions of different heat supply steam loads, power supply loads and the like on line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy conservation and consumption reduction, and relates to a method for determining an optimal operation mode of a heat supply unit by adopting a matched steam extraction external supply technology.
Background
At present, the main body of electric energy is gradually changed from thermal power generation to renewable energy sources such as wind and light, and the functions of the existing thermal power are gradually changed from the current stage power supply and the main body of electric quantity to provide valuable service main bodies for the whole society: 1) The method provides a flexible power supply for the power grid, participates in peak shaving and frequency modulation services of the power grid, realizes high-proportion consumption of new energy power, and plays an important role in supporting the bottom and keeping the power supply; 2) The low-cost and stable power supply and heat supply service is provided for the society; 3) Coupling and digestion of municipal sludge, solid waste and biomass.
The high-parameter and large-capacity cogeneration and central heating of a heating pipe network are used for replacing coal-fired and oil-fired heating boiler rooms which are distributed dispersedly, have heavy pollution and high energy consumption, are an important way for meeting the requirements of large and medium-sized cities on clean, low-carbon, stable, reliable and low-cost heat utilization, and are developed rapidly in recent years. The demand for concentrated use of energy in various forms such as cold, industrial steam, high pressure air, etc. is also rapidly increasing.
At present, most of coal-fired generating sets are designed and constructed in a pure condensing mode, and a small amount of cogeneration units are designed and constructed in a targeted manner to meet the heating requirements of urban residents or the industrial steam supply requirements of large-scale enterprises or industrial parks. The increasing demand for heat is mainly realized by technical transformation of stock coal-electric machine sets.
Residential heating and industrial steam supply, collectively referred to as central heating. The former uses water as heat carrier to transfer the low quality heat of coal-electric machine set to user, and the steam-water thermodynamic circulation and heat utilization of coal-electric machine set have no mass exchange; the latter uses steam with certain pressure and temperature grade in the production process of enterprises, the steam condensate water is mostly not recovered, and in order to maintain the steam-water quality balance of the coal-electric unit, desalted water with the amount of externally supplied steam needs to be supplemented into a condenser.
The final source of heat of residential heating and industrial steam supply is steam extraction at a certain position of steam-water thermodynamic cycle of a coal-electric unit. However, the coal-fired power generating unit is improved to supply externally extracted steam through technology, typical steam source points comprise a boiler superheater outlet, a boiler reheater inlet and outlet, an intermediate pressure cylinder steam exhaust port, a low pressure cylinder steam exhaust port, all-stage regenerative steam extraction ports of a steam turbine and the like, steam extraction parameters of the steam extraction ports are in discrete distribution on the distribution of pressure and temperature, and the discrete characteristic is intensified to a certain extent when the coal-fired power generating unit operates under a wide load under the background of large peak regulation of power grid flexibility. The phenomenon of mismatching of pressure and temperature at the heat source supply side and the user demand side cannot be avoided, and the problems of high quality, low use and energy waste are obvious.
The matching steam extraction technology can better solve the problem and has a great amount of application in the field of industrial steam supply. The equipment is called as a pressure matcher, a hot press, a steam jet pump and the like. The technology is that high-speed steam flow generated by jetting high-pressure steam (driving steam) through a nozzle is utilized to suck the low-pressure steam, so that the pressure and the temperature of the low-pressure steam are increased, and the pressure and the temperature of the high-pressure steam are reduced, thereby improving the parameters of the low-pressure steam, and the technology is particularly suitable for scenes with pressure requirements between main steam-high exhaust or hot re-middle exhaust. Figure 1 shows a schematic of a heating system for extraction of steam in hot re-steam injection.
The main performance index of the variable-working-condition operation of the matched ejector device is the ejector ratio, is defined as the ratio of the flow of the steam supplied from the outlet to the flow of the driving steam, and is dimensionless number, which is shown in a formula (1).
Wherein u is an injection ratio and is a dimensionless number; m is t 、m h 、m l Respectively matching the steam flow at the outlet of the injection device,And the flow of the driving steam and the flow of the injected steam which enter the matching injection device are t/h.
And designing a matching injection device according to parameters such as driving steam pressure, injected steam pressure, total outlet flow and the like of a common electric load point. In the actual operation of the matching injection device applied to the industrial steam supply scene of the coal-electric machine set, the injection ratio u is changed under the influence of the driving steam pressure and the pressure of injected steam. Relevant research shows that the injection ratio u is along with the driving steam pressure P h Increases with rising and is driven by steam pressure P l And increased by an increase.
The matched injection device applied to the industrial steam supply scene of the coal-electric machine set takes the hot re-steam injection middle-exhaust steam extraction as an example, and when the coal-electric machine set operates under variable working conditions, if the throttling adjustment is carried out through the low-pressure cylinder steam inlet adjusting valve, the middle-exhaust steam extraction pressure P is increased l Can increase the injection ratio u and supply steam flow m outside t Under a given condition, the consumption of driving steam (hot re-steam) can be reduced, the consumption of high-quality steam is reduced, and the total energy consumption of the coal-electric unit under the condition of double supply of electricity and heat loads can be reduced; meanwhile, the low-pressure cylinder steam inlet regulating valve throttles and suppresses pressure, irreversible throttling loss is generated in the thermodynamic cycle process, the low-pressure cylinder steam inlet pressure is reduced, the working capacity is reduced, and the total energy consumption of the coal-electric machine set under the scene of double supply of electricity and heat load is improved.
Similarly, the hot reheat pressure P is improved through the throttling regulation of the steam inlet regulating valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder h Can increase the injection ratio u and supply steam flow m outside t Under a given condition, the consumption of driving steam (hot re-steam) can be reduced, the consumption of high-quality steam is reduced, and the total energy consumption of the coal-electric unit under the condition of double supply of electricity and heat loads can be reduced; meanwhile, the steam inlet regulating valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder throttles and suppresses pressure, irreversible throttling loss is generated in the thermodynamic cycle process, the steam inlet pressure of the intermediate pressure cylinder is reduced, the work capacity of the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder is reduced, and the total energy consumption of the coal-electric machine set in the scene of double supply of electricity and heat load is improved.
In a word, the matching injection device applied to the industrial steam supply scene of the coal-electric machine set has an optimal heat re-steam pressure and a middle exhaust steam pressure under the condition of given heat supply and power supply loads, so that the coal-electric machine set realizes the lowest total energy consumption under the double-variable constraint of heat supply and power supply.
The existing research focuses on the matching injection device, scheme formulation and design optimization of the coupling of the matching injection device and a coal-electric unit thermodynamic system, and the optimal operation mode of the matching injection device under the double-variable constraint of heat supply and power supply applied to the industrial steam supply scene of the coal-electric unit is rarely determined. At present, the coal-electric machine set operator only needs to match the design parameters provided by an injection device manufacturer and then carries out fuzzy operation according to personal experience, so that the problems of large manual operation amount, lack of scientific guidance and deviation from the optimal operation mode exist.
In summary, from the viewpoints of energy saving and potential excavation, operation cost reduction and profit increasing of a heat supply unit adopting a matched steam extraction external supply technology, a method for determining an optimal operation mode, which is strong in operability and accords with the reality, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical blank of the prior matching injection device applied to the industrial steam supply scene of the coal-electric unit in the aspect of determining the optimal operation mode under the double-variable constraint of heat supply and power supply, and provides a method for determining the optimal operation mode of a heat supply unit by adopting the matching steam extraction external supply technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the method for determining the optimal operation mode of the heat supply unit by adopting the matched extraction and external supply technology comprises the following steps of:
step 1, determining characterization parameters of the optimal operation mode of the steam extraction external supply unit, and establishing a profit value calculation model of the matched steam extraction external supply unit;
and 3, determining the optimal operation mode of each test working condition by taking the lowest value of the standard coal total consumption value of the matched steam extraction external supply unit as a guide.
The invention further improves the following steps:
the step 1 specifically matches the characterization parameters of the optimal operation mode of the extraction steam external supply unit as follows:
at steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Under the constraint of bivariate, the characteristic parameter matched with the optimal operation mode of the steam extraction external supply unit is heat-reheat pressure P h And pressure P of middle exhaust steam l 。
The specific method for establishing the profit value calculation model matched with the steam extraction external supply unit in the step 1 is as follows:
matching the profit value M of the steam extraction external supply unit:
M＝E+Q-B (2)
wherein Q is heat supply income, E is power supply income, and B is standard coal total consumption;
the power supply income E is as follows:
E＝N net ×a (3)
wherein a is the price of the power on the internet;
heat input Q is as follows:
Q＝m t ×b (4)
wherein, b is heat value;
for the steam extraction external supply unit, the main steam pressure of the boiler is adjusted according to the existing fixed-slip-fixed curve, the main steam temperature and the reheat steam temperature are adjusted according to rated parameters, and the standard coal total consumption B of the unit at the moment is the hot reheat steam pressure P h Power supply load N net External steam supply load m t Middle exhaust steam pressure P l The multivariate function of (a):
wherein h is ms 、h rh 、h ch 、h gs 、h zj And h gj Respectively the enthalpy value of main steam at an outlet of a boiler superheater, the enthalpy values of steam at an outlet of a boiler reheater and an inlet of the boiler, the enthalpy value of feed water at an inlet of the boiler, the enthalpy values of desuperheating water of the boiler reheater and the superheater, kJ/kg; eta b The thermal efficiency of the boiler is as follows:
η b ＝f 2 (D ms ) (6)
η p for pipeline efficiency, a fixed value of 0.985 is taken;
D ms 、D rh 、D rc 、D gs 、D zj and D gj Respectively setting main steam flow at an outlet of a boiler superheater, steam flow at an outlet and an inlet of a boiler reheater, feed water flow at an inlet of the boiler, and desuperheating water flow of the boiler reheater and the superheater as t/h; the relevance is as follows:
wherein D is ex1 、D ex2 And D leak Respectively performing 1-section steam extraction, 2-section steam extraction and shaft seal external leakage of the high-pressure cylinder, t/h; wherein D ex1 And D ex2 According to the heat balance calculation of the high-pressure heater corresponding to the 1-stage steam extraction and the 2-stage steam extraction, D leak Is D ms The univariate function of (a):
D leak ＝f 3 (D ms ) (8)
obtained by integrating (6), (7) and (8), and the main steam flow D at the outlet of the superheater of the boiler ms Determining the standard parameter of the total consumption B of the standard coal;
main steam flow D at outlet of boiler superheater ms And the pressure P after the regulating stage of the turbine as follows:
D ms ＝c×P+d (9)
wherein c and d are constant coefficients;
given total steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Optimizing operation under the condition, matching the lowest value of the total coal standard consumption B value of the extraction steam external supply unit as the optimal working condition, and corresponding hot re-steam P h And middle exhaust steam pressure P l I.e. the best mode of operation.
The step 2 is specifically as follows:
counting the unit operation data of a latest complete heating season, which mainly comprises the following steps:
total steam supply load m t ：m t、min 、m t、max
Supply load N net ：N net、min 、N net、max
According to the supply load N net And total steam supply load m t The distribution of (A) is divided according to the following principle:
N net、min 、N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.25
N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.5
N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.75
N net、max
m t、min
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.25
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.5
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.75
m t、max
the best mode determines the working conditions on line, and the working conditions account for 5 multiplied by 5=25 groups.
The step 3 is specifically as follows:
3-1) lowest value P of injected steam pressure matched with operation requirement of injection device l0 And a minimum value P for the drive steam pressure h0 As a reference condition for optimization, the pressure P after the regulating stage is tested 0 Calculating and determining the total consumption B of the standard coal of the unit according to the formulas (5) to (9) 0 ；
3-2) optimizing and iterating the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position; the steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of a heat supply butterfly valve arranged on the intermediate and low pressure communicating pipe and before the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder, and the hot reheat steam pressure P in the optimization iteration process is maintained by adjusting the opening degree of a steam inlet adjusting valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder synchronously h0 (ii) a The steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder is lifted in the range of 0.05MPa every time, and the driving steam, the injected steam flow and the boiler evaporation capacity entering the matched injection device are respectively adjusted to maintain the steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Recording 30min running data after main running parameters of the unit are stable, taking the average value of the running data, and calculating and determining the total coal consumption B of the unit according to formulas (5) - (9) 1 ；
B is to be 1 And B 0 By comparison, if B 1 ≥B 0 The original reference working condition is still used as the reference working condition; if B is 1 ＜B 0 Taking the steam pressure corresponding to the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder as a new comparison reference working condition, continuously lifting the steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder in the range of 0.05MPa each time, and performing the next optimization iteration;
3-3) the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position is lifted until the highest limit value P of the safe operation of the unit l,s And the highest value P of the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position, which can be realized by the low-pressure cylinder steam inlet regulating valve throttling and pressure-holding regulating means l,max Until the low value, finishing the optimization iteration of the steam extraction pressure adjustment at the middle exhaust position; the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponding to the minimum B value of the standard coal total consumption of the coal electric unit in the process is taken as a new reference working condition, and the extraction pressure value at the middle exhaust position is P lb Standard coal consumption of B b ；
3-4) adjusting the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position according to the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position, wherein the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponds to the lowest value of the total coal marking consumption B value of the unit in the optimization iteration process lb Fixing, taking the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponding to the lowest value of the B value of the total consumption of the standard coal in the optimization iterative process of adjusting the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position as a new reference working condition, and taking the steam extraction pressure value at the middle exhaust position as P lb The hot re-extraction pressure is P h0 The standard coal consumption is B b ；
Then carrying out optimization iteration of the hot re-extraction pressure; the hot re-extraction pressure is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the steam inlet adjusting valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder, and the steam extraction pressure value P at the middle exhaust position in the optimization iteration process is maintained by adjusting the opening degree of the steam inlet adjusting valve of the low pressure cylinder synchronously lb (ii) a The hot re-extraction pressure is raised in the range of 0.1MPa every time, and the driving steam, the injected steam flow and the boiler evaporation capacity entering the matched injection device are respectively adjusted to maintain the steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Recording 30min operation data after main operation parameters of the unit are stable, taking the average value, and calculating and determining the total coal standard consumption B of the unit according to formulas (5) - (9) 2 ；
B is to be 2 And B b By comparison, if B 2 ≥B b The original reference working condition is still used as the reference working condition; if B is 2 ＜B b Taking the corresponding operation working condition of the heat re-steam pressure as a new comparison reference working condition, continuously lifting the steam to be exhausted to the inlet steam pressure of the heat pump in the amplitude of 0.1MPa each time, and performing the next optimization iteration;
3-5) performing hot steam pressure rise operation until the maximum limit value P of safe operation of the unit h,s And the highest value P of the heat-vapor pressure achievable by the adjusting means h,,max Ending the optimization iteration of the adjustment through the hot reheat pressure until the lower value; the final optimal operation condition corresponding to the lowest value of the total coal consumption B of the unit in the process is that the heat and reheat pressure is P hb Steam pressure at the middle exhaust is P lb Standard coal consumption of B best ；
3-6) determining the optimal operation mode of the rest 24 working conditions to obtain the matched steam extraction external supply unit under different power supply loads N net Total steam supply load m t The lower optimum hot re-steam and mid-vent steam pressure values.
according to total steam supply load m t The optimal operation mode under 25 working conditions is adopted to supply the power load N net Respectively drawing the optimal heat re-steam pressure,Middle exhaust steam pressure load N with power supply net The variation curve of (d);
in production and operation, according to the total steam supply load m t Power supply load N net Obtaining the matched steam extraction external supply unit at different steam supply loads m according to a linear interpolation or extrapolation method t Different power supply loads N net The optimal heat re-steam pressure and the middle exhaust steam pressure value are obtained to achieve the purposes of lowest operation cost and maximization of profitability.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts field operation data, takes the lowest total standard coal consumption value of the unit under the conditions of fixed heat supply load and power supply load as an optimization objective function, adopts a univariate comparison method, and obtains the optimal control value of the heat re-steam pressure and the middle exhaust steam pressure matched with the steam extraction and heat supply unit under the boundary conditions of different steam supply loads, power supply loads and the like through operation parameter adjustment. Comparing the total standard coal consumption of the unit under the heat supply and power supply conditions with a reference working condition, and if the total standard coal consumption is larger than the reference working condition, taking the original reference working condition as the reference working condition; if the parameter is smaller than the preset reference value, the operation working condition corresponding to the parameter is used as a new comparison reference working condition, steam pressure and hot reheat pressure at the discharge position in the unit are continuously adjusted, and next iteration optimization is carried out. The method takes the lowest total standard coal consumption as an objective function on the premise of meeting double scheduling of the electric load of a power grid and the heat load of a steam utilization unit, obtains the optimal control values of the steam pressure and the heat-regained steam pressure at the middle exhaust position of the matched steam extraction external supply unit under boundary conditions of different heat supply steam loads, power supply loads and the like on line, and achieves the lowest operation cost and the maximization of the profitability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat supply system for extraction of steam in hot re-steam injection according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the method for determining the optimal operation mode of the heat supply unit by adopting the matched extraction and external supply technology.
Wherein: 1-boiler, 2-high pressure cylinder, 3-intermediate pressure cylinder, 4-low pressure cylinder, 5-generator, 6-matching injection device, 7-intermediate pressure cylinder steam inlet regulating valve and 8-low pressure cylinder steam inlet regulating valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which the product of the present invention is used to usually place, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not necessary to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal", if present, does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to the figure, the method for determining the optimal operation mode of the heat supply unit by adopting the matched extraction and external supply technology comprises the following steps:
step 1, the characterization parameters of the optimal operation mode of the extraction steam external supply unit are definitely matched, and a profit value calculation model of the matched extraction steam external supply unit is established.
At steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Under the constraint of bivariate, the characteristic parameter matched with the optimal operation mode of the steam extraction external supply unit is heat-reheat pressure P h And middle exhaust steam pressure P l 。
And (3) matching the profit value M of the steam extraction external supply unit to be equal to the heat supply income Q + the power supply income E minus the total consumption B of the standard coal, and taking the formula (2).
M＝E+Q-B (2)
The power supply income E is calculated as equation (3).
E＝N net ×a (3)
Wherein a is the price of the power on the internet.
The heat input is calculated according to equation (4).
Q＝m t ×b (4)
Wherein b is the heat value.
External power supply and heat supply service and power supply load N of coal-electricity unit net The local power grid is scheduled in real time according to the regional supply and demand relationship, the steam supply load is scheduled in real time according to the demand by a user, and the coal-electricity unit does not have independent and independent electricity and heat regulation permission.
The variable of the profit value M in the optimizing operation process is only the standard coal total consumption B, so that the working condition corresponding to the lowest value of the standard coal total consumption B can be considered as the optimal working condition, and the heat re-steam pressure and the medium exhaust steam pressure value are optimal control values.
For the steam extraction external supply unit, the main steam pressure of the boiler is adjusted according to the existing fixed-slip-fixed curve, the main steam temperature and the reheat steam temperature are adjusted according to rated parameters, and the standard coal total consumption B of the unit at the moment is the hot reheat steam pressure P h Power supply load N net External steam supply load m t Middle exhaust steam pressure P l See equation (5).
Wherein h is ms 、h rh 、h ch 、h gs 、h zj And h gj The enthalpy values of main steam at an outlet of a boiler superheater, steam at an outlet of a boiler reheater and an inlet of the boiler, the enthalpy value of feed water at an inlet of the boiler, and the enthalpy values of desuperheating water of the boiler reheater and the superheater are kJ/kg respectively. Can be calculated from in situ pressure and temperature measurements.
η b The heat efficiency of the boiler is shown in formula (6), different units are different, and the heat efficiency of the boiler is obtained according to field special tests.
η b ＝f 2 (D ms ) (6)
η p For pipe efficiency, a value of 0.985 may be assumed.
D ms 、D rh 、D rc 、D gs 、D zj And D gj The main steam flow at the outlet of the boiler superheater, the steam flow at the outlet and the inlet of the boiler reheater, the feed water flow at the inlet of the boiler, and the desuperheating water flow of the boiler reheater and the superheater are respectively t/h. The above parameters are not independent of each other, but follow a certain relationship, see equation (7).
Wherein D is ex1 、D ex2 And D leak Respectively 1-section steam extraction, 2-section steam extraction and shaft seal external leakage amount of the high-pressure cylinder, t/h. Wherein D ex1 And D ex2 Can be obtained by calculating the heat balance of the high-pressure heater corresponding to the 1-stage steam extraction and the 2-stage steam extraction, D leak Is D ms Is given by the steam turbine manufacturer, see equation (8).
D leak ＝f 3 (D ms ) (8)
By integrating (6), (7) and (8), the main steam flow D at the outlet of the boiler superheater can be known ms Is a reference parameter for determining the total consumption B of the standard coal. However, at present, there is no steam flow measurement technology that meets the precision requirement of engineering application, so the main steam flow of the DCS system cannot be used as an indication parameter of the present invention.
Main steam flow D at outlet of boiler superheater ms And the pressure P after the regulating stage of the steam turbine are shown in the formula (9).
D ms ＝c×P+d (9)
Wherein c and d are constant coefficients, different units are different, and the constant coefficients can be obtained through field special tests.
The measuring technology of the pressure P behind the regulating stage of the steam turbine is mature, the precision is extremely high, and the engineering requirements are completely met.
To sum up, given a total steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Optimizing operation under the condition, matching the B value of the total coal consumption of the steam extraction external supply unitLow value is the optimum working condition, and the corresponding hot re-steam P h And middle exhaust steam pressure P l I.e. the best mode of operation.
Counting the unit operation data of a latest complete heating season, which mainly comprises the following steps:
total steam supply load m t ：m t、min 、m t、max
Supply load N net ：N net、min 、N net、max
According to the supply load N net And total steam supply load m t The distribution of (A) is divided according to the following principle:
N net、min 、N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.25
N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.5
N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.75
N net、max
m t、min
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.25
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.5
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.75
m t、max
in summary, according to the method for defining the optimal working condition of the present invention, a total of 5 × 5=25 groups of working conditions are determined online in an optimal manner.
And 3, determining the optimal operation mode of each test working condition by taking the lowest value of the total coal consumption B value of the matched extraction steam external supply unit as a guide.
1) Matching total steam supply load m of steam extraction external supply unit t And a power supply load N net Setting and putting into operation with matched ejectorThe lowest pressure value P of the injected steam (the steam source is the steam extraction at the middle exhaust part) l0 And a minimum pressure P of the driving steam (the steam source is the hot re-extraction part) h0 As an optimized reference condition, the pressure P after the regulating stage is tested 0 Calculating and determining the total consumption B of the standard coal of the unit according to the formulas (5) to (9) 0 。
2) And performing optimization iteration of the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position. The steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of a heat supply butterfly valve arranged on the intermediate and low pressure communicating pipe and before the steam intake of the low pressure cylinder, and the value of the heat re-steam pressure in the process is influenced by the change of the steam pressure of the intermediate pressure cylinder, and the opening degree of a steam intake regulating valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder is synchronously adjusted to maintain the heat re-steam pressure in the optimization iteration process to be always kept at P h0 And is not changed. The steam pressure at the steam exhaust part of the intermediate pressure cylinder is lifted in the range of 0.05MPa every time, the injection ratio of the matching injection device is changed, parameters such as driving steam entering the matching injection device, the flow rate of injected steam, the evaporation capacity of a boiler and the like need to be adjusted respectively, and the steam supply load m is maintained t And a power supply load N net The operation data of 30min is recorded after the main operation parameters of the unit are stable and are constant, the average value is taken, and the total consumption B of the standard coal of the unit is calculated and determined according to the formulas (5) to (9) 1 。
B is to be 1 And B 0 By comparison, if B 1 ≥B 0 The original reference working condition is still used as the reference working condition; if B is 1 ＜B 0 And taking the steam pressure corresponding to the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder as a new comparison reference working condition, continuously lifting the steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder in the range of 0.05MPa each time, and performing the next optimization iteration.
3) The steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position is lifted until the highest limit value P of the safe operation of the unit l,s (at this time, the exhaust steam temperature of the intermediate pressure cylinder reaches the maximum limit value and is provided by a steam turbine manufacturer) and the maximum value P of the exhaust steam pressure at the intermediate exhaust position can be realized by the low-pressure cylinder steam inlet regulating valve throttling and pressure-holding regulating means l,max Until a low value in between, the optimization iteration by extraction pressure adjustment at mid-row ends. In the process, the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponding to the lowest value of the standard coal total consumption B of the coal electric unit is used as a new reference working condition,at the moment, the steam extraction pressure value at the middle exhaust position is P lb Standard coal consumption of B b 。
4) Total steam supply load m matched with steam extraction external supply unit t And a power supply load N net Giving a middle exhaust steam extraction pressure value P corresponding to the lowest value of the unit standard coal total consumption B value in the optimization iteration process adjusted by the middle exhaust steam extraction pressure lb Fixing, taking the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponding to the lowest value of the total consumption B of the standard coal in the optimization iteration process of the adjustment of the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position as a new reference working condition, wherein the extraction pressure value at the middle exhaust position is P lb The hot re-extraction pressure is P h0 Standard coal consumption of B b 。
And then carrying out optimization iteration of the hot re-extraction pressure. The hot re-extraction pressure is adjusted by adjusting the openness of the steam inlet adjusting valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder, the steam exhaust pressure value of the intermediate pressure cylinder is influenced by the change of the hot re-steam pressure in the process, and the hot re-steam pressure in the optimization iteration process is maintained to be always kept at P by adjusting the openness of the steam inlet adjusting valve of the low pressure cylinder synchronously lb And is not changed. The hot re-extraction pressure is raised in the range of 0.1MPa every time, the injection ratio of the matching injection device is changed, parameters such as driving steam, injected steam flow, boiler evaporation capacity and the like entering the matching injection device need to be adjusted respectively so as to maintain the steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net The operation data of 30min is recorded after the main operation parameters of the unit are stable and are constant, the average value is taken, and the total consumption B of the standard coal of the unit is calculated and determined according to the formulas (5) to (9) 2 。
B is to be 2 And B b By comparison, if B 2 ≥B b The original reference working condition is still used as the reference working condition; if B is 2 ＜B b And taking the corresponding operation working condition of the heat re-steam pressure as a new comparison reference working condition, and continuously increasing the inlet steam pressure of the extraction steam to the heat pump with the amplitude of 0.1MPa each time to perform the next optimization iteration.
5) The steam pressure is lifted again until the maximum limit value P of the safe operation of the unit h,s (the exhaust temperature of the high-pressure cylinder reaches the maximum limit value at this time and is provided by a steam turbine manufacturer) and the hot reheat pressure which can be realized by the adjusting meansMaximum value of force P h,,max Until a low value in between, the optimization iteration through thermal re-vapor pressure adjustment ends. The final optimal operation condition corresponding to the lowest value of the total coal consumption B of the unit in the process is that the heat and reheat pressure is P hb Pressure of steam at mid-row is P lb Standard coal consumption of B best 。
6) The optimal operation mode of the rest 24 working conditions is determined to obtain the matched steam extraction external supply unit with different power supply loads N net Total steam supply load m t Lower optimum hot re-steam and intermediate discharge steam pressure values.
And 4, applying the optimizing result to production energy-saving excavation guidance.
According to the total steam supply load m t The difference is that the optimal operation mode under the 25 working conditions is used for supplying the power load N net Respectively drawing optimal heat re-steam pressure and middle exhaust steam pressure along with power supply load N as variables net The variation curve of (c).
In production operation, technicians load m according to total steam supply t Power supply load N net Equal parameters are obtained according to linear interpolation or extrapolation method to match the steam extraction external supply unit at different steam supply loads m t Different power supply loads N net And the optimal heat re-steam pressure and the medium exhaust steam pressure value are used for achieving the purposes of lowest operation cost and maximized profitability.
If the performance of related equipment such as a steam turbine, a boiler, a matching injection device and the like is changed due to technical transformation or maintenance and the like, the operation needs to be carried out again to determine that the matching steam extraction external supply unit is under different power supply loads N net Different steam supply load m t The lower optimal hot re-steam pressure and the middle exhaust steam pressure value.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for determining the optimal operation mode of the heat supply unit by adopting the matched extraction and external supply technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining characterization parameters of the optimal operation mode of the steam extraction external supply unit, and establishing a profit value calculation model of the matched steam extraction external supply unit;
the characterization parameters specifically matched with the optimal operation mode of the steam extraction external supply unit in the step 1 are as follows:
at steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Under the constraint of bivariate, the characteristic parameter matched with the optimal operation mode of the steam extraction external supply unit is heat-reheat pressure P h And pressure P of middle exhaust steam l ；
The specific method for establishing the profit value calculation model matched with the steam extraction external supply unit in the step 1 is as follows:
matching the profit value M of the steam extraction external supply unit:
M＝E+Q-B (2)
wherein Q is heat supply income, E is power supply income, and B is standard coal total consumption;
the power supply income E is as follows:
E＝N net ×a (3)
wherein a is the price of the power on the internet;
heat input Q is as follows:
Q＝m t ×b (4)
wherein b is the heat value;
for the steam extraction external supply unit, the main steam pressure of the boiler is adjusted according to the existing fixed-sliding-fixed curve, the main steam temperature and the reheat steam temperature are adjusted according to rated parameters, and the total consumption B of the unit standard coal is the reheat steam pressure P h Power supply load N net External steam supply load m t Middle exhaust steam pressure P l The multivariate function of (a):
wherein h is ms 、h rh 、h ch 、h gs 、h zj And h gj Respectively the enthalpy value of main steam at an outlet of a boiler superheater, the enthalpy values of steam at an outlet of a boiler reheater and an inlet of the boiler, the enthalpy value of feed water at an inlet of the boiler, the enthalpy values of desuperheating water of the boiler reheater and the superheater, kJ/kg; eta b The thermal efficiency of the boiler is as follows:
η b ＝f 2 (D ms ) (6)
η p for pipeline efficiency, a fixed value of 0.985 is taken;
D ms 、D rh 、D rc 、D gs 、D zj and D gj Respectively setting main steam flow at an outlet of a boiler superheater, steam flow at an outlet and an inlet of a boiler reheater, feed water flow at an inlet of the boiler, and desuperheating water flow of the boiler reheater and the superheater as t/h; the relevance is as follows:
wherein D is ex1 、D ex2 And D leak Respectively performing 1-section steam extraction, 2-section steam extraction and shaft seal external leakage quantity of the high-pressure cylinder, t/h; wherein D ex1 And D ex2 According to the heat balance calculation of the high-pressure heater corresponding to the 1-stage steam extraction and the 2-stage steam extraction, D leak Is D ms The univariate function of (a):
D leak ＝f 3 (D ms ) (8)
obtained by integrating (6), (7) and (8), and the main steam flow D at the outlet of the superheater of the boiler ms Determining the standard parameter of the total consumption B of the standard coal;
main steam flow D at outlet of boiler superheater ms And the turbine regulation stage back pressure P as follows:
D ms ＝c×P+d (9)
wherein c and d are constant coefficients;
given total steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Optimizing operation under the condition, matching the lowest value of the total coal consumption B value of the steam extraction external supply unit as the optimal working condition, and corresponding thermal re-steamingSteam P h And middle exhaust steam pressure P l The optimal operation mode is obtained;
step 2, marking a test working condition according to the total steam supply load and the power supply load of the boundary parameters;
and 3, determining the optimal operation mode of each test working condition by taking the lowest value of the standard coal total consumption value of the matched steam extraction external supply unit as a guide.
2. The method for determining the optimal operation mode of the heat supply unit by adopting the matched extraction and external supply technology according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is as follows:
counting the unit operation data of a latest complete heating season, which mainly comprises the following steps:
total steam supply load m t ：m t、min 、m t、max
Supply load N net ：N net、min 、N net、max
According to the supply load N net And total steam supply load m t The distribution of (A) is divided according to the following principle:
N net、min 、N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.25
N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.5
N net、min +(N net、max -N net、min )×0.75
N net、max
m t、min
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.25
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.5
m t、min +(m t、max -m t、min )×0.75
m t、max
the best mode determines the working conditions on line, and the working conditions account for 5 multiplied by 5=25 groups.
3. The method for determining the optimal operation mode of the heat supply unit by adopting the matched extraction and external supply technology according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 is as follows:
3-1) lowest value P of injected steam pressure matched with operation requirement of injection device l0 And a minimum value P for the drive steam pressure h0 As a reference condition for optimization, the pressure P after the regulating stage is tested 0 Calculating and determining the total consumption B of the standard coal of the unit according to the formulas (5) to (9) 0 ；
3-2) optimizing and iterating the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position; the steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of a heat supply butterfly valve arranged on the intermediate and low pressure communicating pipe and before the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder, and the hot reheat steam pressure P in the optimization iteration process is maintained by adjusting the opening degree of a steam inlet adjusting valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder synchronously h0 (ii) a The steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder is lifted in the range of 0.05MPa every time, and the driving steam, the injected steam flow and the boiler evaporation capacity entering the matched injection device are respectively adjusted to maintain the steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Recording 30min operation data after main operation parameters of the unit are stable, taking the average value, and calculating and determining the total coal standard consumption B of the unit according to formulas (5) - (9) 1 ；
B is to be 1 And B 0 By comparison, if B 1 ≥B 0 The original reference working condition is still used as the reference working condition; if B is 1 ＜B 0 Taking the steam pressure corresponding to the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder as a new comparison reference working condition, continuously lifting the steam pressure at the steam exhaust position of the intermediate pressure cylinder by the amplitude of 0.05MPa each time, and performing the next optimization iteration;
3-3) the steam extraction pressure at the exhaust position is lifted until the highest limit value P of the safe operation of the unit l,s And the highest value P of the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position, which can be realized by the low-pressure cylinder steam inlet regulating valve throttling and pressure-holding regulating means l,max Until the low value, finishing the optimization iteration of the steam extraction pressure adjustment at the middle exhaust position; in the process, the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponding to the lowest value of the standard coal total consumption B of the coal-electric machine set is used as a new reference working condition, and the steam extraction pressure value at the middle exhaust position is P lb Coal markingConsumption is B b ；
3-4) adjusting the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position according to the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position, wherein the steam extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponds to the lowest value of the total coal marking consumption B value of the unit in the optimization iteration process lb Fixing, taking the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position corresponding to the lowest value of the total consumption B of the standard coal in the optimization iteration process of the adjustment of the extraction pressure at the middle exhaust position as a new reference working condition, wherein the extraction pressure value at the middle exhaust position is P lb The hot re-extraction pressure is P h0 The standard coal consumption is B b ；
Then carrying out optimization iteration of the hot re-extraction pressure; the hot re-extraction pressure is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the steam inlet adjusting valve of the intermediate pressure cylinder, and the steam extraction pressure value P at the middle exhaust position in the optimization iteration process is maintained by adjusting the opening degree of the steam inlet adjusting valve of the low pressure cylinder synchronously lb (ii) a The hot re-extraction pressure is raised in the range of 0.1MPa every time, and the driving steam, the injected steam flow and the boiler evaporation capacity entering the matched injection device are respectively adjusted to maintain the steam supply load m t And a power supply load N net Recording 30min operation data after main operation parameters of the unit are stable, taking the average value, and calculating and determining the total coal standard consumption B of the unit according to formulas (5) - (9) 2 ；
B is to be 2 And B b By comparison, if B 2 ≥B b The original reference working condition is still used as the reference working condition; if B is 2 ＜B b Taking the corresponding operation working condition of the heat re-steam pressure as a new comparison reference working condition, continuously increasing the inlet steam pressure of the extraction steam to the heat pump with the amplitude of 0.1MPa each time, and performing the next optimization iteration;
3-5) performing hot steam pressure rise operation until the maximum limit value P of safe operation of the unit h,s And the highest value P of the heat-vapor pressure achievable by the adjusting means h,max Ending the optimization iteration of the adjustment through the hot reheat pressure until the lower value; the final optimal operation condition corresponding to the lowest value of the total coal consumption B of the unit in the process is that the heat and reheat pressure is P hb Pressure of steam at mid-row is P lb Standard coal consumption of B best ；
3-6) optimization of the remaining 24 operating conditionsDetermining the operation mode to obtain the matched steam extraction external supply unit with different power supply loads N net Total steam supply load m t The lower optimum hot re-steam and mid-vent steam pressure values.
4. The method for determining the optimal operation mode of the heat supply unit by adopting the matched extraction and external supply technology as claimed in claim 3, characterized by further comprising the step 4 of applying the optimization result to production energy-saving excavation and submergence guidance;
according to total steam supply load m t The optimal operation mode under 25 working conditions is adopted to supply the power load N net Respectively drawing optimal heat re-steam pressure and medium exhaust steam pressure along with power supply load N as variables net The variation curve of (d);
in production and operation, according to the total steam supply load m t Power supply load N net Obtaining the matched steam extraction external supply unit at different steam supply loads m according to a linear interpolation or extrapolation method t Different power supply loads N net The optimal heat re-steam pressure and the middle exhaust steam pressure value are obtained to achieve the purposes of lowest operation cost and maximization of profitability.
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