CN113025838A - High-strength die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113025838A CN113025838A CN202110251807.2A CN202110251807A CN113025838A CN 113025838 A CN113025838 A CN 113025838A CN 202110251807 A CN202110251807 A CN 202110251807A CN 113025838 A CN113025838 A CN 113025838A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy, which belongs to the field of die-casting aluminum alloys and comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6-8% of silicon, 1.5-4.0% of magnesium, 0.8-1.0% of zinc, 0.5-0.7% of copper, 0.2-0.35% of manganese and the balance of aluminum and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable other impurity elements is less than 0.3%, the alloy raw materials are weighed according to the proportion, are added with nano titanium carbide after being modified, refined and refined after being melted, are subjected to die-casting forming, the cooling rate is controlled to be 20-90 ℃/s, and the aluminum alloy die-casting piece is obtained through cooling; according to the invention, by adjusting the alloy components, adding nano titanium carbide into the alloy melt, and combining mold filling and cooling rate control, the growth of alloy grains is promoted, the grain size is reduced, the micropore defect of a die casting is reduced, and the alloy strength is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The die casting technology is characterized in that molten metal is pressed into a precise metal die cavity at high speed by utilizing high pressure, and the molten metal is cooled and solidified under the action of pressure to form a casting. The die casting production efficiency is high, and die castings with complex shapes, accurate sizes, clear outlines, high surface quality, high strength and high hardness can be die cast, so the die casting die is wide in application and fast in development. The die-casting alloy is widely applied to the prior art. The die-casting aluminum alloy has good use performance and process performance, so the die-casting of the aluminum alloy develops rapidly, is widely applied in various industrial departments, has the use amount far higher than that of other non-ferrous alloys, and plays an extremely important role in die-casting production.
The aluminum alloy is formed by adding other elements into aluminum as a base, is the most common material in structural engineering, has the advantages of small specific gravity, good heat transfer property, good electrical conductivity, environmental protection and recycling, and is widely applied to various fields of 3C, automobile transportation, home furnishing, aerospace, chemical engineering, rockets and the like. The die-casting aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy obtained by a die-casting method, can be used for producing workpieces with complex shapes, has low cost, and is widely applied. However, the existing die-casting aluminum alloy has low strength, is easy to deform and even cause the phenomenon of mechanical part fracture, and can not meet the working requirements of some mechanical parts needing to bear large dynamic load.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, Al-20Si, Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloys as alloy raw materials, and weighing the raw materials in proportion; the raw material weighing proportion of the high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy meets the following requirements: 6-8% of silicon, 1.5-4.0% of magnesium, 0.8-1.0% of zinc, 0.5-0.7% of copper, 0.2-0.35% of manganese, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable other impurity elements is less than 0.3%;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the Al-20Si alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the Al-10Mn and Al-50Cr alloys, continuing heating to 780-800 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials to obtain an alloy melt;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding a refining agent to refine and degas the alloy melt, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the alloy melt, adding 0.5-0.6 wt.% of nano titanium carbide into the alloy melt, and uniformly stirring to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, standing the refined alloy melt, cooling to 700 ℃, die-casting and forming, and cooling to obtain a die-casting piece, wherein the cooling rate is 20-90 ℃/S.
Preferably, in step S2, 0.01-0.1 wt.% of a modifier is further added to the alloy melt.
Preferably, in step S2, 0.01-0.05 wt.% of a refiner is further added into the alloy melt.
Preferably, the alterant is Al-10Sr intermediate alloy.
Preferably, the refiner is Al-5Ti-B master alloy.
Preferably, the particle size of the nano titanium carbide is 100-1000 nm.
Preferably, the refining agent is one or two of hexachloroethane, argon, chlorine and freon.
Preferably, the die-casting molding is to preheat a die cavity to 200-230 ℃, then mold filling is carried out on the refined alloy melt, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.25-0.30m/s, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7-2.0m/s after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and pressure relief and demolding are carried out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has high production efficiency of die-casting aluminum alloy and wide industrial application, but the aluminum alloy is easy to have defects of micropores and the like in the die-casting process, the micropores are easy to cause stress concentration to break, and the mechanical strength of the alloy is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, Al-20Si, Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloys as alloy raw materials, and weighing the raw materials in proportion; the raw material weighing proportion of the high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy meets the following requirements: 7% of silicon, 2.5% of magnesium, 0.8% of zinc, 0.6% of copper, 0.20% of manganese and the balance of aluminum and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable other impurity elements is less than 0.3%;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the Al-20Si alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu alloys, adding 0.05 wt.% of Al-10Sr intermediate alloy as a modifier and 0.03 wt.% of Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy as a refiner, continuously heating to 780-800 ℃, and stirring to completely melt the raw materials to obtain an alloy melt;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding hexachloroethane to refine and degas the alloy melt, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the alloy melt, adding 0.5 wt.% of nano titanium carbide into the alloy melt, wherein the particle size of the nano titanium carbide is 600-800nm, and uniformly stirring to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, standing the refined alloy melt, cooling to 700 ℃, performing die-casting forming, and cooling to obtain a die casting, wherein the cooling rate is 30-50 ℃/S;
the die-casting molding is specifically to preheat a mold cavity to 210 ℃, then mold filling is carried out on the refined alloy melt, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.26m/s, after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7m/s, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and pressure relief and demolding are carried out;
the mold is made of materials with excellent heat-conducting property such as iron or copper, so that the cooling rate is easy to keep a high and stable level.
Example 2
A high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, Al-20Si, Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloys as alloy raw materials, and weighing the raw materials in proportion; the raw material weighing proportion of the high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy meets the following requirements: 6% of silicon, 2.0% of magnesium, 0.9% of zinc, 0.7% of copper, 0.25% of manganese and the balance of aluminum and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable other impurity elements is less than 0.3%;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the Al-20Si alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu alloys, adding 0.05 wt.% of Al-10Sr intermediate alloy as a modifier and 0.03 wt.% of Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy as a refiner, continuously heating to 780-800 ℃, and stirring to completely melt the raw materials to obtain an alloy melt;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding hexachloroethane to refine and degas the alloy melt, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the alloy melt, adding 0.6 wt.% of nano titanium carbide into the alloy melt, wherein the particle size of the nano titanium carbide is 600-800nm, and uniformly stirring to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, standing the refined alloy melt, cooling to 700 ℃, performing die-casting forming, and cooling to obtain a die casting, wherein the cooling rate is 30-50 ℃/S;
the die-casting molding is specifically to preheat a die cavity to 210 ℃, then mold filling is carried out on the refined alloy melt, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.26m/s, after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7m/s, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and pressure relief and demolding are carried out.
Example 3
A high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, Al-20Si, Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloys as alloy raw materials, and weighing the raw materials in proportion; the raw material weighing proportion of the high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy meets the following requirements: 8% of silicon, 3.5% of magnesium, 1.0% of zinc, 0.5% of copper, 0.35% of manganese, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable other impurity elements is less than 0.3%;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the Al-20Si alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu alloys, adding 0.06 wt.% of Al-10Sr intermediate alloy as a modifier and 0.05 wt.% of Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy as a refiner, continuously heating to 780-800 ℃, and stirring to completely melt the raw materials to obtain an alloy melt;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding hexachloroethane to refine and degas the alloy melt, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the alloy melt, adding 0.5 wt.% of nano titanium carbide into the alloy melt, wherein the particle size of the nano titanium carbide is 600-800nm, and uniformly stirring to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, standing the refined alloy melt, cooling to 700 ℃, carrying out die-casting forming, and cooling to obtain a die casting, wherein the cooling rate is 50-70 ℃/S;
the die-casting molding is specifically to preheat a die cavity to 210 ℃, then mold filling is carried out on the refined alloy melt, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.26m/s, after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7m/s, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and pressure relief and demolding are carried out.
Comparative example
A die-casting aluminum alloy is prepared by the following steps:
s1, selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, Al-20Si, Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloys as alloy raw materials, and weighing the raw materials in proportion; the raw material weighing proportion of the high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy meets the following requirements: 7% of silicon, 2.5% of magnesium, 0.8% of zinc, 0.6% of copper, 0.20% of manganese and the balance of aluminum and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable other impurity elements is less than 0.3%;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the Al-20Si alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu alloys, adding 0.05 wt.% of Al-10Sr intermediate alloy as a modifier and 0.03 wt.% of Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy as a refiner, continuously heating to 780-800 ℃, and stirring to completely melt the raw materials to obtain an alloy melt;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding hexachloroethane to refine and degas the alloy melt, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the melt, and uniformly stirring to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, standing the refined alloy melt, cooling to 700 ℃, carrying out die-casting molding, and carrying out water cooling to obtain a die casting, wherein the cooling rate is 300-;
the die-casting molding is specifically to preheat a die cavity to 210 ℃, and then mold filling is carried out on the refined alloy melt, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.26m/s, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7m/s after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, and the casting pressure is 70 MPa.
Mechanical property tests were performed on the aluminum alloys of examples 1-3, comparative example, and YL112, with the results shown in the following table:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example | YL112 aluminum alloy | |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 342.6 | 339.5 | 339.8 | 331.4 | 320 |
| Yield strength/MPa | 182.3 | 177.7 | 178.0 | 170.1 | 165 |
| Elongation% | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 3.5 |
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, Al-20Si, Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloys as alloy raw materials, and weighing the raw materials in proportion; the raw material weighing proportion of the high-strength die-casting aluminum alloy meets the following requirements: 6-8% of silicon, 1.5-4.0% of magnesium, 0.8-1.0% of zinc, 0.5-0.7% of copper, 0.2-0.35% of manganese, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable other impurity elements is less than 0.3%;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the Al-20Si alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu alloys, continuing heating to 780-800 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials to obtain an alloy melt;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding a refining agent to refine and degas the alloy melt, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the alloy melt, adding 0.5-0.6 wt.% of nano titanium carbide into the alloy melt, and uniformly stirring to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, standing the refined alloy melt, cooling to 700 ℃, die-casting and forming, and cooling to obtain a die-casting piece, wherein the cooling rate is 20-90 ℃/S.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, 0.01-0.1 wt.% of modifier is added to the alloy melt.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein 0.01-0.05 wt.% of a refiner is added to the alloy melt in step S2.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the modifier is an Al-10Sr master alloy.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the refiner is an Al-5Ti-B master alloy.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the nano titanium carbide is 100-1000 nm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the refining agent is one or two of hexachloroethane, argon, chlorine, and freon.
8. The method for preparing a high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the die-casting molding is carried out by preheating a die cavity to 200-230 ℃, then performing mold filling with the refined alloy melt, wherein the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.25-0.30m/s, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7-2.0m/s after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and releasing the mold.
9. A high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115418513A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-02 | 北京航空航天大学云南创新研究院 | High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-silicon alloy and heat treatment method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115418513A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-02 | 北京航空航天大学云南创新研究院 | High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-silicon alloy and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN115418513B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-29 | 北京航空航天大学云南创新研究院 | High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-silicon alloy and heat treatment method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210625 |