CN113016948A - Method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude - Google Patents
Method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude Download PDFInfo
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- CN113016948A CN113016948A CN202110328058.9A CN202110328058A CN113016948A CN 113016948 A CN113016948 A CN 113016948A CN 202110328058 A CN202110328058 A CN 202110328058A CN 113016948 A CN113016948 A CN 113016948A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude, which comprises the following steps: feeding yaks or dzos at an extremely low altitude of 450-590 m in winter and spring, feeding with coarse feed, supplementing concentrated feed, and fattening after marketing in summer. According to the method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude, the marketing problem of the yaks and dzos is solved by means of long-term fattening in different places in farming areas, the income of farmers and herders is increased, and the healthy development of the industry is promoted. Yaks and dzos have certain inadaptability to high temperature at low altitude, so that the yaks and dzos are fattened in winter and spring and are fattened in early summer by combining the physiological characteristics of the yaks and dzos.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for producing dzo meat, in particular to a method for producing dzo meat at an extremely low altitude.
Background
At present, the grassland is seriously degenerated, the yak breeding in a pasturing area still mainly uses the traditional grazing, the vicious circle of losing weight of yaks in autumn and winter and dying in spring cannot be well solved, the vicious circle not only increases the pressure of carrying livestock on the grassland, but also destroys an ecosystem, and the situation that herdsmen increase income is hopeless and the industry cannot realize healthy virtuous circle is also caused.
A large number of high-quality dzos are produced in northwest China pasturing areas in combination with the yellow change process of semi-farming and semi-pasturing areas, and the dzos are accepted by herders with excellent milk and meat production performance. As the male dzos are sterile, the male dzos are mainly used for fattening and marketing, but the heterosis of the male dzos cannot be fully exerted under the condition of ecological degradation of grasslands in the Tibetan region at present. Meanwhile, natural conditions of low-altitude semi-farming and semi-pasturing areas and farming areas are good, a large amount of straw resources and industrial byproducts (such as vinasse, rapeseed dregs, bean dregs and the like) are generated in grain production and industrial production, a feed processing system is complete, and facilities and equipment for barn feeding are complete. Due to the fact that consumption level is improved, the stock of beef cattle is continuously reduced, and newborn calves cannot meet fattening requirements, the situation that grains exist or cattle do not exist occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing dzo meat at an extremely low altitude, which can be used for fattening yaks and dzos in a short term and provides a technical basis for fattening and marketing yaks and dzos in rural areas in a short term.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing dzo at very low altitude, which comprises: feeding yaks or dzos at an extremely low altitude of 450-590 m in winter and spring, feeding with coarse feed, supplementing concentrated feed at the same time, wherein the ratio of concentrate to concentrate is 1-3: 1, and fattening after marketing in summer; the concentrated feed comprises: corn, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, fermented vinasse, soybean lecithin powder, premix, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, baking soda, magnesium oxide and salt; the premix comprises: cobalt chloride hexahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, calcium iodate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, monomer coating VA, monomer coating VD, monomer coating VE, wheat bran and calcium carbonate.
Preferably, in the concentrated feed, the mass ratio of corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fermented vinasse, soybean lecithin powder, premix, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, baking soda, magnesium oxide and salt is 75-76: 4-6: 4-6: 7-9: 1-2: 2-3: 0.1-0.3: 1.2-1.4: 1-2: 0.4-0.6: 1 to 2.
Preferably, in the premix, the mass ratio of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, calcium iodate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, monomer coating VA, monomer coating VD, monomer coating VE, wheat bran and calcium carbonate is 1-2: 5-6: 9-10: 30-31: 17-18: 6-7: 21-22: 1-2: 0.4-0.6: 65-66: 290-310: 540 to 550.
Preferably, the feeds of the yaks and dzos are mixed and fed according to the fine-coarse ratio of 3: 1.
Preferably, the roughage comprises: one or more of corn stalk, distiller's grains, oat grass, bean curd residue and bagasse.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the coarse fodder is 7.5kg per day, and the feeding amount of the fine fodder is 2.5kg per day.
The method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude, the marketing problem of the yaks and dzos is solved by means of long-term fattening in different places in farming areas, the income of farmers and herders is increased, and the healthy development of the industry is promoted. Yaks and dzos have certain inadaptability to high temperature at low altitude, so the physiological characteristics of the yaks and dzos are combined, the yaks and dzos are fattened in winter and spring and fattened in early summer, the climatic environment of the storage area in winter and spring is the worst, the pasture is completely consumed, the period of fat loss and death of the yaks and dzos is the most serious period, at the moment, the straw resources and the pasture resources in the farming area are still sufficient, the climatic conditions are suitable for the growth of the yaks and the dzos, and the short-term fattening requirement can be met.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following experimental examples used the following materials:
test animals: the experimental study objects are 5 healthy Maidong yaks and dzos (local cattle multiplied by Maidong yaks) which are similar in weight and age of 2.5-3.5 years; yaks and dzos are both from the major yak producing areas such as Hongyuan county, Rulgan county and the like in Abaca, Sichuan province.
Experimental example 1
In 2018, short-term fattening tests of yaks and dzos are carried out in Guanghan city, Sichuan province from 8 days 1 to 8 days 5. The number of prefeeding days of the yaks and dzos in the test group is 15 days, and the total number of feeding days is 120 days. The land of Guanghai city is slowly inclined from northwest to southeast, the plain is taken as the main part, the altitude is 450-590 m, the annual average temperature is 16.3 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is 890.8 mm, so that the Guanghai city is a basic farmland protection area and a rice production base in our province, the local straw resources are rich, and the local area is also a traditional water buffalo breeding base in service.
The barn feeding cattle only adopts tie-down feeding, and feeding is carried out at regular time, and the barn is cleaned every day. All cattle were treated for anthelmintic and immunological treatments prior to the official trials. The feed is mainly fed by locally produced green grass, straws and vinasse, concentrated feed is supplemented, the feed is fed for 2 times every day and 1 time of drinking water, and the feed intake is recorded. Wherein the feeding amount of the coarse fodder is 7.5kg per head per day, and the feeding amount of the concentrated fodder is 2.5kg per head per day.
As the yak has no special nutrition standard, the nutrition requirement standard of the test refers to Chinese beef cattle feeding standard 2004, the daily ration energy level refers to the test result in the early stage, the feed nutrition components refer to Chinese feed components and a nutrition value table (25 th edition in 2014), the comprehensive net energy (NEmf) of each feed is calculated according to a Chinese beef cattle feeding standard formula, the specific formula and the proportion are shown in tables 1 and 2, the yak and cattle feeds are mixed and fed according to a refined feed ratio of 3:1, wherein the feeding amount of the coarse feed is 7.5kg per head every day, the feeding amount of the refined feed is 2.5 kg. kg per head every day according to local straw resources and feed resources, the fed coarse feeds slightly differ according to the change of seasons and the output, and the main coarse feeds comprise corn straws, vinasse, grass, bean curd residues, bagasse and the like.
TABLE 1 fattening formula and ratio of yaks and dzos
TABLE 2 fattening formula of yaks and dzos (10kg)
The following were determined:
1. physiological index
The test is to determine the body temperature (T), pulse (P) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO) of yaks and dzos2) The determination time is the test timeThe feeding period (1 month) and the test period (5 months) were divided into 2 times, and the physiological changes were analyzed. Pulse and blood oxygen saturation were obtained by measuring the ear vein with a veterinary pulse oximeter (DB15, suzhou erda medical devices limited). And (3) measuring rectal temperature of the yaks and dzos by using a thermometer, and comparing the temperature change of the yaks in 1 month and 5 months.
Blood oxygen saturation of cattle (SpO)2) Body temperature (T), pulse rate (P) are important physiological indicators of life activities, and normally, the changes are within a relatively constant range except for temporary influences of environmental conditions such as external climate, exercise and working. Reflects the health condition and physiological condition of cattle.
Table 3 shows the physiological indexes of yaks and dzos
Through measurement, the body temperature, the pulse and the blood oxygen saturation of the yaks and dzos are all in a normal range, the measurement results in 1 month and 5 months are basically consistent, no significant difference exists, and the pulse of the yaks dzos is slightly increased.
2. Body weight
After the pre-feeding period is finished, recording the initial weights of the yaks and dzos; and after the test is finished, recording the weight ending of the yaks and dzos in the test group. The weight was weighed using a wireless electronic scale. And calculating the daily gain and economic benefit of the yaks and dzos by using the initial weight and the final weight.
Table 4 shows the weight gain effect of yaks and dzos before and after the test
Note: the same letter represents no significant difference, the upper case and the lower case represent significant difference, and the letter difference represents extremely significant difference.
As can be seen from the above table, the average weight of dzo is 85.8kg per head, and the daily weight is 0.72 kg; the average weight of each yak is 64kg, and the daily weight is 0.53 kg. The dzo has significantly higher weight gain and daily weight gain than yaks (P < 0.05).
3. Calculation of economic benefit
Only adult cattle are fattened, so only short-term feeding expenditure cost is considered, and the mainly considered expenditure cost consists of labor, coarse fodder (straws and vinasse) and concentrated fodder cost.
The total expenditure is labor cost, coarse feed cost and fine feed cost.
The total income of barn feeding of each cattle mainly comes from the weight gain parts of yaks and dzos:
total revenue is total weight gain (Kg) x unit price.
Net income-total expenditure;
(1) expenditure of labour
As the test adopts the tying centralized barn feeding, the labor cost is calculated according to the wages of cattle farms. The labor force is 2.5 persons according to the check of 200 cattle on the scale of a cattle farm, and the monthly wages are converted into daily labor cost of each cattle according to the actual expenditure of 1500 yuan/person/month.
The labour cost of each cow is 1500 × 2.5 ÷ 200 ÷ 30 ═ 0.625 yuan/day/head
Total labor cost 0.625 yuan/day/head × 10 head × 120 days 750 yuan
(2) Expenditure of feed
The feed cost is calculated according to the price calculation method of purchasing the feed separately according to the roughage and the concentrated feed, the cost of the roughage is calculated according to the price of purchasing the vinasse, the expenditure of the rest roughage is basically only the labor expenditure due to large change, and the cost is uniformly calculated according to the price of purchasing the vinasse. The local purchase price of the vinasse is 200 yuan/ton, and the purchase price of the concentrated feed is 3400 yuan/ton.
The cost of coarse fodder is 7.5 kg/day/head x 10 heads x 120 days x 0.2 yuan/kg 1800 yuan
The concentrated feed cost is 2.5 kg/day/head × 10 heads × 120 days × 3.4 yuan/kg 10200 yuan
(3) Income of yak and dzo
The income of yak and dzo is calculated according to the selling price of live cattle. At this time, the sale prices of yaks and dzos (5 months) miss the low prices in the concentrated marketing period (9-11 months). The price is higher, and the price of the live cattle is calculated according to 30 yuan/kg.
The total sales income of yaks dzo is the total weight gain (Kg) of yaks multiplied by unit price + total weight gain (Kg) of dzo multiplied by unit price
294.5kg × 30 yuan/kg +429kg × 30 yuan/kg 21705 yuan
(4) Fattening total profit of yaks and dzos and comparison
Calculating the pure profit according to the total expenses and the total income for fattening yaks and dzos, wherein the total expenses comprise the feed expenses and the labor expenses, and the total income comprises the sales income of the weight gain part.
Net income-total expense
21705-750-1800-10200-yuan
8955 yuan
In order to make the fattening benefits of the yaks and dzos alone more clear, the benefits of the yaks and dzos are separately calculated. The calculated expenses are separately converted to each cattle according to the average weight gain of 64.00kg and 85.80kg of yaks and dzos respectively, and the net income is calculated (see a table). Through measurement and calculation, the net income for breeding each yak is 645 yuan, the net income for breeding each dzo is 1299 yuan, and the net income for breeding dzos is 2 times that of the yaks.
TABLE 5 fattening and income increasing conditions of yaks and dzos
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude, which is characterized in that the method comprises: feeding yaks or dzos at an extremely low altitude of 450-590 m in winter and spring, feeding with coarse feed, supplementing concentrated feed at the same time, wherein the ratio of concentrate to concentrate is 1-3: 1, and fattening after marketing in summer;
the concentrated feed comprises: corn, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, fermented vinasse, soybean lecithin powder, premix, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, baking soda, magnesium oxide and salt;
the premix comprises: cobalt chloride hexahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, calcium iodate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, monomer coating VA, monomer coating VD, monomer coating VE, wheat bran and calcium carbonate.
2. The method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude according to claim 1, wherein in the concentrated feed, the mass ratio of corn, bean pulp, rapeseed pulp, fermented vinasse, soybean phospholipid powder, premix, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, baking soda, magnesium oxide and salt is 75-76: 4-6: 4-6: 7-9: 1-2: 2-3: 0.1-0.3: 1.2-1.4: 1-2: 0.4-0.6: 1 to 2.
3. The method for producing dzo meat at extremely low altitude according to claim 1, wherein in the premix, the mass ratio of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, calcium iodate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, monomer coating VA, monomer coating VD, monomer coating VE, wheat bran and calcium carbonate is 1-2: 5-6: 9-10: 30-31: 17-18: 6-7: 21-22: 1-2: 0.4-0.6: 65-66: 290-310: 540 to 550.
4. The method for producing dzo meat at very low altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed for yaks and dzos is mixed and fed in a ratio of fine to coarse of 3: 1.
5. The method for producing dzo meat at very low altitudes according to claim 1, wherein said roughage comprises: one or more of corn stalk, distiller's grains, oat grass, bean curd residue and bagasse.
6. The method for producing dzo meat at very low altitudes according to claim 1, wherein said roughage is fed at 7.5kg per day and said concentrate is fed at 2.5kg per day.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115316340A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-11 | 山东大学 | Method, device, equipment and medium for fattening dzo based on biochemical indexes |
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| US20180064139A1 (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2018-03-08 | Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute) | Complete diet suitable for cattle in different fattening stages and method for formulating the same |
| CN109169518A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-11 | 小金县畜牧工作站 | Yak drylot feeding transitional period feeding method |
| CN112273321A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 四川农业大学 | Low-altitude barn feeding fattening method for yaks |
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2021
- 2021-03-26 CN CN202110328058.9A patent/CN113016948A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20180064139A1 (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2018-03-08 | Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute) | Complete diet suitable for cattle in different fattening stages and method for formulating the same |
| CN109169518A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-11 | 小金县畜牧工作站 | Yak drylot feeding transitional period feeding method |
| CN112273321A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 四川农业大学 | Low-altitude barn feeding fattening method for yaks |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115316340A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-11 | 山东大学 | Method, device, equipment and medium for fattening dzo based on biochemical indexes |
| CN115316340B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-08-18 | 山东大学 | Yak dzo fattening method, device, equipment and medium based on biochemical indexes |
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