CN113016538A

CN113016538A - Sweet potato planting method, rape planting method and application of rape

Info

Publication number: CN113016538A
Application number: CN202110266916.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 童传洪; 王建文; 王艳; 汪成军; 张凌云; 朱峰; 黄方俊; 郑纯林; 王丽娟; 田德刚; 沈修俊; 庄辉吉; 曹敏
Original assignee: Agricultural Service Center Of Wangdian Town Dangyang City
Current assignee: Agricultural Service Center Of Wangdian Town Dangyang City
Priority date: 2021-03-11
Filing date: 2021-03-11
Publication date: 2021-06-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-11
Also published as: CN113016538B

Abstract

The invention provides a sweet potato planting method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting a first batch of sweet potato vines in 5 months of the year, harvesting before 10 middle ten days of the year, and then sowing rape; secondly, deeply turning and pressing green rape plants in 4 months of the next year, and then carrying out second batch of sweet potato vine cuttage in 5-6 months; thirdly, the sweet potatoes obtained in the second step are harvested in 10 middle ten days, and then the first step and the second step are repeated; wherein the sowing time of the rapes is 10 middle and last ten days of the month, before the first sowing, the glufosinate-ammonium is used for weeding, and the sweet potato planting mode is that the vines of the sweet potatoes are cut. The invention also provides a rape planting method, rape planted by the method is used for planting sweet potatoes, and the rape is used as green manure in the process of planting the sweet potatoes, so that the use amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced or chemical fertilizer is not used, and the effect of pest control is achieved.

Description

Sweet potato planting method, rape planting method and application of rape

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a sweet potato planting method, a rape planting method and application of rape.

Background

The sweet potato is a high-yield and strong-adaptability grain crop and has close relation with industrial and agricultural production and people's life. The block is used as main grain, and is also important material for food processing, starch and alcohol producing industry, and the root, stem and leaf are excellent vegetable and feed.

The sweet potato is suitable for growing at the temperature of 22-30 ℃ and stops growing when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃. The temperature requirements of different growth periods are different, the temperature in the bud period is preferably 18-22 ℃, and the bud ratio is influenced by overhigh and overlow temperature. The temperature in the seedling stage is preferably 22-25 ℃, otherwise, the growth of the seedlings is hindered, and even the seedlings stop growing; if the temperature is lower than 8 ℃, the plants will wither and die or be frozen to death. The temperature in the root stage is preferably 22-25 ℃. The proper temperature can promote the growth of the plants in each growth period to be good, and ensure the number and the expansion of the root tuber.

In the sweet potato planting in the prior art, a large amount of chemical fertilizer is generally applied, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, and pesticides are also required to be sprayed, however, the use of the chemical fertilizer and the pesticides can cause soil hardening, the air permeability of the soil is poor, the root tuber of the sweet potato is expanded and affected, the yield of the sweet potato is reduced, and the quality of the sweet potato is deteriorated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a sweet potato planting method, a rape planting method and application of rape, which solve the problems that the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the prior art causes soil hardening and poor air permeability, thereby affecting the expansion of sweet potato root tubers and further causing the yield reduction of sweet potatoes.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the sweet potato planting method comprises the following steps:

firstly, cutting a first batch of sweet potato vines in 5 months of the year, harvesting before 10 middle ten days of the year, and then sowing rape;

secondly, turning the rape plants deeply and pressing the rape plants green in the next 3-4 months, and then performing second batch of sweet potato vine cuttage in 5-6 months;

thirdly, the sweet potatoes obtained in the second step are harvested in 10 middle ten days, and then the first step and the second step are repeated; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the sowing time of the rapes is 10 middle and last ten days of the month; and in the second step, cutting off 40-60% of rape flower spikes before deep ploughing and green pressing of rape plants, deep ploughing and green pressing after mechanically crushing the rape plants, and spreading quicklime for ridge turning treatment during deep ploughing and green pressing.

Further, when deep ploughing and pressing green, the ploughing depth is 15-20 cm.

Further, after deep green turning, pouring clear water on the ridge surface to enable the soil water content to be 40-50%, then carrying out sweet potato vine cutting, and applying 0-6 g of compound fertilizer to each sweet potato vine during cutting.

Further, after the cuttage of the sweet potato vines is finished, mulching films are covered, and the sweet potato vines are exposed above the mulching films.

Furthermore, when the vines of the sweet potatoes are inserted, after the vines of the single sweet potatoes are bent, the middle section of the vines of the single sweet potatoes is pressed into a soil layer, and at least 1 internode at two ends of the vines of the single sweet potatoes is exposed above the ridge surface.

Furthermore, when the sweet potato vines are inserted, two ends of the single sweet potato vines are inserted into soil, and at least 2 internodes of the middle section of the single sweet potato vines are exposed above the ridge surface.

Further, in the first step, weeding is carried out with glufosinate-ammonium or diquat 10 days before rape sowing.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the rape planting method is also provided, the rape seed broadcasting mode is adopted, and the seed quantity of the rape is 300-450 g per mu;

the method is characterized in that a sulfur-containing fertilizer is applied to the rapeseed seeds before sowing to serve as a base fertilizer, and the using amount of the base fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu.

Further, before the rapeseed seeds are sown, a borax solution with the mass concentration of 1-2% is adopted for seed soaking operation.

Further, the borax solution also contains 0.02-0.05% of zinc sulfate.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the application of the rape is further provided, namely the rape is used for planting the sweet potatoes, and 2.1-2.8 mu moL/gFW glucosinolates are contained in leaves of the rape in the full-bloom stage.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

by planting the rape, rape flower sea is created in the full-bloom stage, so that the rape flower sea can be used for tourism development, the income of farmers is increased, then the rape is deeply turned over and pressed to be green manure for planting sweet potatoes, and by using the rape green manure, the use of chemical fertilizers (even chemical fertilizers are not used) and pesticides and pest damage can be reduced, the soil conditioning effect is achieved, the soil hardening is broken, the soil is loosened, the soil air permeability is improved, soil toxicants are reduced, soil microorganisms are increased, the soil fertility and the water and drought retention are enhanced, the disease-resistant growth capacity of the sweet potatoes is enhanced, the yield of the sweet potatoes is improved, and the quality of the sweet potatoes is improved;

meanwhile, straw returning is also carried out (summer sweet potatoes are planted in rape stubbles in winter and spring, and rape green manure is completely returned to the field), pesticide and chemical fertilizer are reduced, the sweet potatoes are high in quality and high in yield, the appearance is attractive (after green pressing of rape in a flowering period, soil is loosened, moisture is preserved, the fertilizer is increased, quicklime is added during green pressing to turn ridges to promote rape maturity, sterilization and egg killing are assisted, plant diseases and insect pests are light, and a calcium source can be increased for growth of the sweet potatoes, so that the calcium content of the sweet potatoes is increased, further, the reduction of the quality of cracks of the sweet potatoes is reduced, the storage period is prolonged, the rape straw returning and the application of quicklime are listed in a sweet potato cultivation procedure, and the problems of replacement of organic fertilizer, reduction of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, improvement of environment;

researches in the prior art show that rape roots have a promoting effect on crop yield increase (such as corn), but the promoting effect is mainly realized by increasing soil organic matters and improving the content of effective potassium/phosphorus in soil, the application includes overground plants (including stems, leaves, flower ears and the like) in a full-bloom stage in addition to the rape roots, the roots in the application are also different from the roots in the prior art, the roots in the application are in the full-bloom stage, but not the harvested roots of the rape, and leaves (including the plants) of the plants in the period contain glucosinolates with higher concentration, so that the effect of preventing insect pests can be achieved to a certain extent, and therefore, the application has better effects on promoting yield increase (and simultaneously has synergy and achieves the effects of increasing the yield, preventing quicklime and the like) compared with the prior art.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a sweet potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, planting a first batch of sweet potatoes in 5 months of the year, harvesting the sweet potatoes in the middle ten days of 10 months of the year, digging out the sweet potatoes, uniformly spraying 80kg of water for weeding by using 100 ml/mu of 10% glufosinate ammonium aqua, then sowing rape seeds after 10 days, sowing rape, and sowing the rape seeds with the seed quantity of 375g per mu of rape;

secondly, cutting 40% of rape flower spikes in the next 3 months, mechanically crushing rape plants, deeply ploughing and pressing green, ploughing to a depth of 15cm, scattering quicklime powder (8 kg/mu) during deep ploughing, watering clear water to the ridge surface to enable the soil layer to contain 40% of water after deeply ploughing, planting the second batch of sweet potatoes in 5 months, and planting the first batch of sweet potatoes and the second batch of sweet potatoes in a single-plant sweet potato vine cutting mode;

thirdly, directly sowing rape seed seeds after harvesting sweet potatoes in 10-month middle ten days, then deeply turning over and pressing green, planting the sweet potatoes in the third batch, and circularly performing;

wherein, in the first step and the second step, the sweet potato vines are cut into 20cm in length, the middle section is pressed into the soil layer after being bent, 1 internode at each of two ends is exposed above the ridge surface, meanwhile, the distance between the two ends is guaranteed to be 10cm, the plastic film is covered after the cuttage is finished, and meanwhile, the two ends of the sweet potato vines penetrate through the plastic film to the top of the plastic film.

Example 2

firstly, planting a first batch of sweet potatoes in 5 months of the year, harvesting the sweet potatoes in the first ten days of the year in 10 months, digging out the sweet potatoes, uniformly spraying 100kg of water for weeding by using 100 ml/mu of 10% glufosinate ammonium aqua, then sowing rape seeds in the last 10 months, and sowing rape seeds with the seed quantity of 375g per mu;

secondly, in 4 months of the next year, 50% of rape flower spikes are cut off, deep ploughing and green pressing are carried out after rape plants are mechanically crushed, the ploughing depth is 18cm, quicklime powder (10 kg/mu) is scattered during deep ploughing, after deep ploughing and green pressing, clear water is poured on the ridge surface to enable the soil layer to contain 45% of water, second sweet potato planting is carried out in 6 months, and both the first sweet potato planting and the second sweet potato planting are carried out in a single-plant sweet potato vine cutting mode;

and step three, after sweet potatoes are harvested in 10 ten days, directly sowing rape seed seeds, then deeply turning over and pressing green, planting the sweet potatoes in the third batch, and circularly performing.

Wherein, in the first step and the second step, cut the sweet potato vines into 23cm in length, bend the middle section and press into the soil layer, so that 2 internodes at two ends are respectively exposed above the ridge surface, and simultaneously ensure the distance between the two ends to be 14cm, cover the mulching film after the cuttage is finished, and simultaneously enable the two ends of the sweet potato vines to penetrate through the mulching film to the mulching film.

Example 3

firstly, planting a first batch of sweet potatoes in 5 months of the year, harvesting the sweet potatoes in the middle ten days of 10 months of the year, digging out the sweet potatoes, uniformly spraying and weeding with 100 ml/mu of 10% glufosinate ammonium aqua and 120kg of water, then sowing rape seeds after 10 days, sowing rape, and sowing the rape seeds with the seed quantity of 375g per mu of rape;

secondly, cutting 60% of rape flower spikes in the next 4 months, mechanically crushing rape plants, deeply ploughing and pressing green, wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm, spreading quicklime powder (12 kg/mu) during deep ploughing, pouring clear water on the ridge surface after deeply ploughing and pressing green so that the soil layer contains 50% of water, planting the second batch of sweet potatoes in 5 months, and planting the first batch of sweet potatoes and the second batch of sweet potatoes in a single-plant sweet potato vine cutting mode;

Wherein, in the first step and the second step, the sweet potato vines are cut into 26cm in length, the middle section is pressed into the soil layer after being bent, so that 3 internodes at two ends are respectively exposed above the ridge surface, the distance between the two ends is ensured to be 16cm, the plastic film is covered after the cuttage is finished, and meanwhile, the two ends of the sweet potato vines penetrate through the plastic film to the top of the plastic film.

Example 4

The embodiment provides a sweet potato planting method, which is the same as the embodiment 1 except for the following contents, and the specific difference is that:

the two ends are inserted into the soil, so that 2 sections of the middle section are exposed above the mulching film.

Example 5

The embodiment provides a sweet potato planting method, which is the same as the embodiment 4 except for the following contents, and the specific difference is that:

the middle section is provided with 4 sections which are exposed above the mulching film.

Example 6

the middle section has 6 sections to expose above the plastic film.

Example 7

2g of compound fertilizer (namely potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) is applied on the soil layer between the two ends.

Example 8

The embodiment provides a sweet potato planting method, which is the same as the embodiment 2 except for the following contents, and the specific difference is that:

4g of compound fertilizer (namely potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) is applied on the soil layer between the two ends.

Example 9

The embodiment provides a sweet potato planting method, which is the same as the embodiment 3 except for the following contents, and the specific difference is that:

8g of compound fertilizer (namely potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) is applied on the soil layer between the two ends.

Example 10

Example 11

The embodiment provides a rape planting method, wherein medium-double No. 11 rapeseed seeds are adopted for broadcast sowing, the dosage is 300 g/mu, the rapeseed seeds are soaked in 1% of borax solution with mass concentration for 16 hours before broadcast sowing, and the borax solution also contains 0.02% of zinc sulfate;

the base fertilizer adopts potassium sulfate, and the dosage is 20 kg/mu.

Example 12

The embodiment provides a rape planting method, wherein medium-double No. 11 rapeseed seeds are adopted for broadcast sowing, the dosage is 375 g/mu, the rapeseed seeds are soaked in 1.5% of borax solution with mass concentration for 14 hours before broadcast sowing, and the borax solution also contains 0.03% of zinc sulfate;

the base fertilizer adopts potassium sulfate, and the dosage is 17.5 kg/mu.

Example 13

The embodiment provides a rape planting method, wherein medium-double No. 11 rapeseed seeds are adopted for broadcast sowing, the dosage is 450 g/mu, the rapeseed seeds are soaked in borax solution with the mass concentration of 2% for 12 hours before broadcast sowing, and the borax solution also contains 0.05% of zinc sulfate;

the base fertilizer adopts potassium sulfate, and the dosage is 15 kg/mu.

Comparative example 1

and uniformly spraying the equivalent clear water 10 days before cuttage of the sweet potato vines.

Comparative example 2

in the first step, 100 ml/mu of 10% glufosinate-ammonium aqua is mixed with 60kg of water to be evenly sprayed for weeding.

Comparative example 3

in the first step, 100 ml/mu of 10% glufosinate-ammonium aqua is mixed with 150kg of water to be evenly sprayed for weeding.

Comparative example 4

in the second step, the rape spike is directly turned and pressed deeply without cutting off the rape spike.

Comparative example 5

in the second step, the rape ears are completely cut off and then are deeply turned over and pressed green.

Comparative example 6

in the second step, 20 percent of rape ears are cut

Comparative example 7

in the second step, 80 percent of rape ears are cut

Comparative example 8

in the second step, no mulching film is covered.

Comparative example 9

the amount of the quicklime powder is 15 kg/mu.

Comparative example 10

the amount of the quicklime powder is 6 kg/mu.

Comparative example 11

The embodiment provides a sweet potato planting method, which is the same as the embodiment 8 except for the following contents, and the specific difference is that:

in the first step and the second step, the older end of the sweet potato vines is inserted into soil, 2 sections are exposed above the ridge surface, and 4g of compound fertilizer (namely potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) is applied at a position 7cm away from the sweet potato vines.

Comparative example 12

The embodiment provides a sweet potato planting method, which is the same as the comparative example 11 except for the following contents, and specifically comprises the following steps:

so that 4 nodes are exposed above the ridge surface.

Comparative example 13

the younger end is inserted into the soil.

Comparative example 14

The embodiment provides a method for planting rape, which is the same as the embodiment 11 except for the following contents, and specifically, the difference is that:

the seeds are soaked by clear water, and potassium sulfate or other sulfur-containing fertilizers are not used as base fertilizers.

Comparative example 15

contains no zinc sulfate.

Comparative example 16

does not contain borax.

The comparison of the sweet potato tubers of examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-13 shows the following results:

the glufosinate-ammonium of the above-described embodiments may also be replaced with diquat.

The quicklime powder, the rape plants and the rape flower spikes used in the embodiments and the comparative examples are buried in the soil layer, the added quicklime powder can promote the rape plants and the rape flower spikes to be thoroughly decomposed, assist in sterilization and egg killing, is light in pest and disease damage, and can improve a calcium source for sweet potato growth, so that the calcium content of the sweet potatoes is improved, and further, the cracks of the sweet potatoes are reduced, the quality is improved, and the storage period is prolonged.

As can be seen from the table, the root tuber and the plant obtained from the sweet potatoes planted in the examples 1-10 have good quality, the weight gain of the root tuber is obvious after the first batch, and the weight gain is slowed down after the third batch; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the 'U' -shaped cuttage with two upward ends is adopted in the cuttage of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3, and the 'inverted U' -shaped cuttage with two ends buried into soil is adopted in the cuttage of the embodiments 4, 5 and 6, so that the good yield increasing effect can be achieved:

when the U-shaped cuttage is carried out, internode leaf buds at the older end grow downwards, and the touched mulching film is bent upwards, so that the internode leaf buds can grow upwards normally as the tender end after a period of time;

when the inverted U-shaped cuttage is carried out, internode leaf buds above the ridge surface grow transversely, but the upward growth situation can be recovered after a period of time, but the yield increase of the inverted U-shaped cuttage is poorer than that of the U-shaped cuttage but better than that of the straight-strip cuttage of the comparative examples 11, 12 and 13 as seen by comparing the yield increase situation;

in the comparative examples 11, 12 and 13 in the straight-bar type cuttings, the comparative examples 11 and 12 were the older ones with the internode leaf buds growing in the normal upward posture, the comparative example 13 was the younger ones with the internode leaf buds growing in the inverted posture, and the upward growth was recovered after a lapse of time from one end, and the yield increase was weak.

When the U-shaped cuttage is carried out, the middle section of the sweet potato vines is pressed in the soil layer, nutrients are absorbed and then supplied to the two ends, so that the two ends of the sweet potato vines can grow, and the yield of the sweet potatoes is improved; the inverted U-shaped cuttage enables two cut ends of the sweet potato vines to be buried in the soil layer, and internodes (middle growing points) exposed outside the soil layer can absorb more nutrients;

the glufosinate ammonium is replaced by clear water in the comparative example 1, insect pests do not occur, the yield is not abnormal greatly, the glufosinate ammonium concentration in the comparative example 2 is high, the glufosinate ammonium concentration in the comparative example 3 is low, the result shows that the yield is reduced due to the glufosinate ammonium with high concentration, insect pests are caused, the result shows that the glufosinate ammonium can be omitted or used under low concentration, the sweet potato yield is influenced by high concentration, the insect pests are caused, the rape yield is reduced due to the fact that the glufosinate ammonium with high concentration influences the rape growth, and the insect pest and fertilizer increasing effects of the rape are reduced.

In the comparative example 4, all the spica are evenly pressed into the soil layer, so that insect damage occurs, and in the comparative example 6, 80% of the spica are pressed in, so that light insect damage also occurs, which indicates that more spica cannot be pressed in;

the comparison example 5 has no spica pressed in, and the comparison example 7 has no 20 percent of spica pressed in, but the yield increasing effect is weak, which indicates that a proper amount of spica needs to be pressed in, and is beneficial to the yield increase of sweet potatoes.

Comparative example 8 no mulching film was covered, and the yield increase was poor, indicating that the mulching film could ensure the yield increase.

Comparative example 9, in which two larger quicklime powders were used, had a weaker effect of increasing the yield than example 3, shows that more quicklime ash was pressed in to be disadvantageous in increasing the yield,

the quicklime powder in the comparative example 10 is less, insect pests are caused, and the yield increasing effect is poor, so that the quicklime can be added to cooperate with the flower spikes and plants, and the too little quicklime powder is not beneficial to yield increase and insect pest control of sweet potatoes.

Examples 7, 8 and 9 are compared with examples 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and the effect of yield increase is not much different despite the application of the compound fertilizer (comparison of example 4 with example 10 can also be seen).

The leaves of the rape planted in the examples 11 to 13 and the comparative examples 14 to 16 were examined for full-bloom rape, and the contents of glucosinolates in the leaves were as follows:

(examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 13 used the rape of example 12)

The rape leaves provided in the examples 11-13 contain high-concentration glucosinolates, while the glucosinolates in the comparative examples 14-16 have lower concentrations, and the application also replaces the rape leaves provided in the comparative example 14 with the rape leaves in the example 1, and finally the conclusion is that:

the total weight of the single sweet potato plants of the first batch is 3.46kg, the total weight of the single sweet potato plants of the second batch is 5.67kg, the total weight of the single sweet potato plants of the third batch is 7.11kg, and the total weight of the single sweet potato plants of the fourth batch is 7.05kg, which are lower than that of the single sweet potato plants in the embodiment 1, and the common-degree insect pests appear in the sweet potatoes of each batch, which shows that the rape with higher thioglycoside content is beneficial to the yield increase and insect pest control of the sweet potatoes.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sweet potato planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The sweet potato planting method of claim 1, wherein the soil turning depth is 15-20 cm when deep green turning is performed.

3. The sweet potato planting method of claim 2, wherein after deep ploughing and pressing green, clear water is poured on the ridge surface to enable the soil water content to be 40-50%, then sweet potato vine cutting is carried out, and 0-6 g of compound fertilizer is applied to each sweet potato vine during cutting.

4. The planting method of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 3, wherein after the cuttage of the sweet potato vines is completed, mulching films are covered and the sweet potato vines are exposed above the mulching films.

5. The method for planting sweet potato according to claim 1, wherein when the vines of the sweet potato are planted, after the vines of the single sweet potato are bent, the middle section is pressed into the soil layer, and at least 1 internode at two ends is exposed above the ridge surface.

6. The method for planting sweet potato according to claim 1, wherein during the cutting of the vines of the sweet potato, both ends of the vines of the single sweet potato are inserted into the soil, and at least 2 internodes of the middle section of the vines of the single sweet potato are exposed above the ridge surface.

7. The method for planting rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is carried out by sowing rape seeds in a manner that the amount of seeds used per mu of rape is 300-450 g;

8. The method for planting rape as claimed in claim 7, wherein the borax solution with a mass concentration of 1-2% is used for seed soaking before the rape seeds are sowed.

9. The method for planting rape as claimed in claim 8, wherein the borax solution further contains 0.02-0.05% of zinc sulfate.

10. Use of rape as claimed in claim 9 for growing sweet potato as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leaves of rape at full bloom contain thioglycoside in an amount of 2.1-2.8 μmoL/gFW.