CN113016488A - Method for improving fruit setting rate of honey plum - Google Patents

Method for improving fruit setting rate of honey plum Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113016488A
CN113016488A CN202110274361.5A CN202110274361A CN113016488A CN 113016488 A CN113016488 A CN 113016488A CN 202110274361 A CN202110274361 A CN 202110274361A CN 113016488 A CN113016488 A CN 113016488A
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fruit
fruit setting
setting rate
urea
bee
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陈红
高倩
黄加强
黄初国
李悦
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Guizhou University
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Guizhou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-yield cultivation of bee-sugar plums and discloses a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee-sugar plums, wherein a mixed preparation is sprayed from a full-bloom stage; spraying the fertilizer once every a period of time until the initial stage of fruit setting; the preparation is sprayed in mist form in the morning or afternoon of a sunny day. The mixed preparation comprises: mineral elements such as boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and urea, plant growth regulators such as gibberellin and naphthylacetic acid, and a mixture of PBO and sucrose. The mixed preparation is sprayed once every 7 days from the full-bloom stage. The mixed preparation is mainly used in the full-bloom stage and the young fruit stage of the bee sugar plums, reduces fruit drop and effectively improves the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums. And the preparation is simple, the field operation is easy, and the effect is quick. And good economic benefit is obtained.

Description

Method for improving fruit setting rate of honey plum
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-yield cultivation of bee sugar plums, and particularly relates to a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums.
Background
At present, the bee sugar plum is a good local variety in Guizhou, has proper sugar-acid ratio, good flavor and taste, is deeply favored by consumers, has extremely high economic value, is a characteristic industry leading farmers to become rich, and begins to be planted in large quantities in the peripheral provinces which are dominated by Guizhou. The fruit setting rate of the honey plum in a natural state is extremely low, and the honey plum is easily influenced by low temperature in early spring due to an early flowering phase, so that pollination and fertilization are poor, a large amount of early flower and fruit dropping is caused, and great economic loss is brought to production. The bee sugar plum is a new variety in recent years, the development time is short, a systematic and complete research system is lacked, the problem of low fruit setting rate in production is not solved all the time, and the healthy development of the bee sugar plum industry is severely restricted, so that a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plum is provided. In production, fruit growers mainly improve the fruit setting rate of the honey plum by the following measures of soil, fertilizer and water management, tree vigor control and the like. The honey plum likes a potassium fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is commonly used in the field and is matched with a nitrogen fertilizer, a boron fertilizer and the like which are related to high yield. Applying a compound fertilizer before the differentiation of the bee sugar plum flower buds in the field to ensure the quality of the flower buds; after the honey plum fruits are set, applying a fruit protection fertilizer for one time; applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer before the fruit is ripe; after fruit picking, applying organic fertilizer once again to ensure the nutrition of the tree body to improve the fruit setting rate. The tree vigor is managed by branch pulling, tip twisting, pruning and other methods in the field, and the tree vigor is alleviated by externally applying a growth retardant with multiple effects. Many cultivation and management methods are tried on the production of the bee sugar plums to improve the fruit setting rate, but the effect is poor, and due to improper use of various fertilizers and fruit retention agents, tree body aging is easily caused. The foliar spraying of flowering phase, the plant absorbs fast, it is fast to take effect; the pollination and fertilization success rate of the bee sugar plums is improved, the fruit drop is reduced, and more fruit setting of the bee sugar plums is promoted.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing cultivation and management method for the bee sugar plums is poor in fruit setting effect, and due to the fact that various fertilizers and fruit retention reagents are improperly used, tree bodies are prone to aging.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: at present, aiming at variety characteristics and planting areas of the honey plums, a systematic and complete system for improving the fruit setting rate is not provided, field management is difficult to achieve unification, management of various planting places is disordered, and fertilizers used in fields are single at present. The fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums is difficult to improve by the existing field management method. At present, the content of researches on the bee sugar plums is less, researches on pollination, fertilization and fruit drop characteristics of the bee sugar plums are not reported, and the content which can be used as a theoretical reference is less. And because the characteristics of the bee sugar plums are greatly different from those of other plum varieties, the method suitable for improving the fruit setting rate of other plum varieties is not necessarily suitable for the bee sugar plums and has weak referential ability. Various fertilizers and reagents for promoting fruit setting are various, so that great difficulty and blindness exist in selecting and using the reagents according to the types and proportions.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the tree vigor is reasonably managed in production, the fruit setting reagent is used, the fruit setting rate and the yield of the honey plum are improved, the bottleneck problem of restricting the development of the honey plum industry is solved, and the method has extremely important significance for improving the fruit competitiveness and promoting the income increase of farmers and the sustainable development of the honey plum.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of honey plum.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums comprises the following steps:
step one, spraying the mixed preparation from the full-bloom stage until flower organs are full of water drops and do not flow or drip.
Step two, spraying the fertilizer once every a period of time until the initial stage of fruit setting; the stage from the full-bloom stage to the fruit setting initial stage is the stage of completing pollination and fertilization of the bee sugar plums and is also the key stage for improving the fruit setting rate regulation. And seeds are not completely developed at the initial stage of fruit setting, and the endogenous hormone level and mineral nutrients of young fruits are improved and fruit drop is reduced by spraying plant growth regulators and mineral nutrients from exogenous sources.
And step three, the preparation is sprayed in a mist form in the morning or afternoon of a sunny day. Without damaging the flower organ and the reagent is not evaporated rapidly.
Further, in the first step, spraying is carried out once every 7 d.
Further, in the first step, the mixed preparation comprises: boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea mineral elements, gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid plant growth regulator, PBO and sucrose. PBO is a fruit tree type regulator.
Further, when the components of the mixed preparation are gibberellin, cane sugar, urea and boric acid, the concentration ratio is as follows: 80-120 mg/L gibberellin, 0.2-0.4% sucrose, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2-0.4% boric acid.
Further, when the components of the mixed preparation are gibberellin, monopotassium phosphate, urea and boric acid, the concentration ratio is as follows: 50-80 mg/L gibberellin, 0.1-0.3% monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2-0.4% boric acid.
Further, when the components of the mixed preparation are naphthylacetic acid, cane sugar, urea and a fruit retention agent, the concentration ratio is as follows: 5-15 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.2-0.4% of sucrose, 0.2-0.4% of urea and 0.1-0.3% of PBO. Through preliminary study on the vitality of the bee sugar plum pollen, the preparations have different degrees of promotion effects on the germination of the bee sugar plum pollen or the elongation of pollen tubes.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the mixed preparation is mainly used in the full-bloom stage and the young fruit stage of the bee sugar plums, reduces fruit drop and effectively improves the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums. And the preparation is simple, the field operation is easy, and the effect is quick. And good economic benefit is obtained.
Compared with a control group, the spraying preparation provided by the invention can improve the fruit setting rate and the fruit setting number. The fruit setting rate of the area I is improved by 40.60-286.47%, the fruit setting rate of the area II is improved by 8.82-30.64%, and the fruit setting rate of the area III is improved by 53.90-124.82%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the honey plum provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of experimental results provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 2: (a) comparison; (b)100mg/L gibberellin, 0.3% sucrose, 0.2% urea and 0.3% boric acid; (c)50mg/L gibberellin, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% urea and 0.2% boric acid; (d)10mg/L naphthylacetic acid + 0.3% sucrose + 0.5% urea + 0.3% PBO.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the honey plum, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for improving the fruit setting rate of the honey plum provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: spraying the mixed preparation from the full-bloom stage to the surface to form a layer of water mist in a non-dripping state;
s102: spraying the fertilizer once every a period of time until the initial stage of fruit setting;
s103: the preparation is sprayed in mist form in the morning or afternoon of a sunny day.
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums provided by the invention can also be implemented by other steps by persons of ordinary skill in the art, and the method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums provided by the invention in fig. 1 is only one specific example. The new improved scheme is as follows: since the bee sugar plum blossom period is in early spring and the blossom is uneven in low-temperature weather, the spraying from the initial blossom period can be considered to increase the fruit setting effect. And because the flowering phase is short, the spraying time can be considered to be shortened, and the spraying is carried out once every 5 days.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the solution is sprayed every 7 d.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the mixed preparation includes: mineral elements such as boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and urea; gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, PBO and sucrose.
Further, when the components of the mixed preparation are gibberellin, cane sugar, urea and boric acid, the concentration ratio is as follows: 80-120 mg/L gibberellin, 0.2-0.4% sucrose, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2-0.4% boric acid.
Further, when the components of the mixed preparation are gibberellin, monopotassium phosphate, urea and boric acid, the concentration ratio is as follows: 50-80 mg/L gibberellin, 0.1-0.3% monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2-0.4% boric acid.
Further, when the components of the mixed preparation are naphthylacetic acid, cane sugar, urea and a fruit retention agent, the concentration ratio is as follows: 5-15 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.2-0.4% of sucrose, 0.2-0.4% of urea and 0.1-0.3% of PBO. Through preliminary study on the vitality of the bee sugar plum pollen, the preparations have different degrees of promotion effects on the germination of the bee sugar plum pollen or the elongation of pollen tubes.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to experiments.
In a certain bee sugar plum plantation, three different areas are divided for testing. Selecting 5-year-old bee sugar plum hanging tags with basically consistent growth vigor and flower amount, and spraying the mixed preparation in the full-bloom stage. 4 plants were sprayed for each treatment, 16 plants were counted in total with no spraying as a control, and the fruit setting rate and the number of fruit sets were counted when the fruit set was stable. As can be seen from table 1, the spray formulation proposed in the present invention can improve the fruit set rate and the fruit set number compared to the control group. The fruit setting rate of the area I is improved by 40.60-286.47%, the fruit setting rate of the area II is improved by 8.82-30.64%, and the fruit setting rate of the area III is improved by 53.90-124.82%.
TABLE 1 spray formulations proposed in the present invention improve fruit set rate and fruit number
Figure BDA0002975970030000051
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
spraying the mixed preparation from the full-bloom stage to the surface to form a layer of water mist in a non-dripping state;
spraying the fertilizer once every a period of time until the initial stage of fruit setting;
the preparation is sprayed in mist form in the morning or afternoon of a sunny day.
2. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed preparation is sprayed once every 7d from the full-bloom stage.
3. The method for increasing the fruit set rate of prunes of claim 1, wherein said cocktail formulation comprises: boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea mineral elements, gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid plant growth regulator, PBO and sucrose.
4. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the mixed preparation comprises the components of gibberellin, sucrose, urea and boric acid, the concentration ratio is as follows: 80-120 mg/L gibberellin, 0.2-0.4% cane sugar, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2-0.4% boric acid.
5. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the mixed preparation comprises the components of gibberellin, monopotassium phosphate, urea and boric acid, the concentration ratio is as follows: 50-80 mg/L gibberellin, 0.1-0.3% monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2-0.4% boric acid.
6. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of the bee sugar plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the mixed preparation comprises the following components in percentage by concentration: 5-15 mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.2-0.4% sucrose, 0.2-0.4% urea, 0.1-0.3% PBO.
CN202110274361.5A 2021-03-15 2021-03-15 Method for improving fruit setting rate of honey plum Pending CN113016488A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113729022A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-03 贵州名优李产业发展有限公司 Control promoter capable of promoting honey plum blossom and fruit setting and preparation and application method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103931464A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-23 重庆市兆鸿农业开发有限公司 Method for cultivating plums
CN107691069A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-02-16 贵州大山农业科技有限公司 A kind of high-yield planting method of crisp Lee of green grass or young crops
CN110301447A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-10-08 江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所 It is a kind of improve fruit tree fruit-setting rate composition and its application
CN113729022A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-03 贵州名优李产业发展有限公司 Control promoter capable of promoting honey plum blossom and fruit setting and preparation and application method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103931464A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-23 重庆市兆鸿农业开发有限公司 Method for cultivating plums
CN107691069A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-02-16 贵州大山农业科技有限公司 A kind of high-yield planting method of crisp Lee of green grass or young crops
CN110301447A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-10-08 江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所 It is a kind of improve fruit tree fruit-setting rate composition and its application
CN113729022A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-03 贵州名优李产业发展有限公司 Control promoter capable of promoting honey plum blossom and fruit setting and preparation and application method thereof

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113729022A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-03 贵州名优李产业发展有限公司 Control promoter capable of promoting honey plum blossom and fruit setting and preparation and application method thereof

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Inventor after: Chen Hong

Inventor after: Gao Qian

Inventor after: Ao Yanfei

Inventor after: Song Zhenfu

Inventor after: Huang Jiaqiang

Inventor after: Huang Chuguo

Inventor after: Li Yue

Inventor before: Chen Hong

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Application publication date: 20210625