CN113009569A - Seismic migration imaging method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic migration imaging method and a seismic migration imaging device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area; obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensation region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region; obtaining the gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the variation curve of the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time; and carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain an imaging result of the target area. The device is used for executing the method. The seismic migration imaging method and device provided by the embodiment of the invention improve the accuracy of seismic migration imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a seismic migration imaging method and device.
Background
The seismic migration imaging method is a method for carrying out elastic wave excitation on the ground in a certain mode, recording reflected waves from an underground elastic interface in a certain range of the ground, and then carrying out imaging by utilizing the reflected waves so as to research the structure and physical properties of an underground geological rock stratum.
In the prior art, seismic migration methods generally include: the method includes the steps of acquiring reflected waves from an elastic interface in the underground on the assumption that the underground medium is acoustic waves or elastic waves, and performing imaging by using the acquired reflected waves. However, due to the fact that the underground stratum medium is not a complete elastic medium, and due to the existence of fluid in the stratum, seismic waves may be attenuated during the actual underground medium propagation process, so that the amplitude energy of the waveform is weakened and the phase is changed, and the result of seismic data imaging may be inaccurate, for example: the reflection axis deviates from the actual position, the relative amplitude relationship is inaccurate, and the resolution of the imaging result is low. Therefore, the acquired reflected waves may also be processed, typically using Q-compensation processing methods, such as inverse Q-filtering methods, spectral balancing methods, etc., so that the seismic data used for imaging may more accurately reflect the subsurface conditions. However, the Q compensation processing method has the following problems: in the existing seismic data Q migration method, amplitude and phase compensation is carried out on seismic data, theoretically, an amplitude compensation item is an exponential power of E and overflows along with rapid increase of frequency, the existing Q migration method has a stability control factor, the factor is set to be a constant, and the problem of insufficient compensation exists in an area with serious absorption attenuation and deep migration depth, so that the imaging result of migration imaging is inaccurate and the effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic offset imaging method and apparatus, which can at least partially solve the problems in the prior art.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a seismic migration imaging method, including:
obtaining the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area;
obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensation region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance;
obtaining a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time;
and carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a seismic offset imaging apparatus comprising:
the first obtaining unit is used for obtaining the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area;
the second obtaining unit is used for obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensated region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensated region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensated frequency along with compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensated region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensated region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance;
a third obtaining unit, configured to obtain a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time of the target area;
and the fourth obtaining unit is used for carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain the imaging result of the target area.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the seismic offset imaging method according to any of the embodiments described above.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the seismic offset imaging method of any of the above embodiments.
The seismic migration imaging method and the seismic migration imaging device provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that when the seismic data of the target area is obtained, the compensation travel time of the target area is obtained, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated area and the maximum frequency of each compensation area are obtained according to the seismic data of each uncompensated area and each compensation area, the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time is obtained according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation area, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated area and the maximum frequency of each compensation area, the gain limit of each imaging point of the target area is obtained according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time, the amplitude compensation is carried out on the seismic data according to the gain of each imaging point, the imaging result of the target area is obtained, and the attenuation of energy and frequency components caused by the stratum absorption attenuation effect can be effectively compensated, the accuracy of seismic migration imaging is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic migration imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic migration imaging method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic migration imaging method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic migration imaging method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of imaging results of preset seismic data after attenuation by different attenuation coefficients according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the imaging result using the conventional Q-shift technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging result of the seismic migration imaging method according to the present application, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of wave number spectra corresponding to an imaging result of preset seismic data, an imaging result using a conventional Q-shift technique, and an imaging result of the seismic-shift imaging method according to the present application.
FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of a comparison of wavenumber spectra of imaging results from conventional migration techniques, imaging results from conventional Q-migration techniques, and imaging results from seismic migration imaging methods of the present application, as provided by one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic migration imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the seismic migration imaging method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, obtaining the compensation travel time of a target area according to the seismic data of the target area;
specifically, seismic exploration and data acquisition are carried out on a target area, seismic data of the target area can be obtained, velocity field data and quality factor field data of the target area can be determined according to the seismic data, and then compensation travel time of each imaging point in the target area can be determined as compensation travel time of the target area according to the velocity field data and the quality factor field data of the target area. The seismic data may include, among other things, seismic time information, location information, and amplitude information. The execution subject of the seismic migration imaging method provided by the embodiment of the invention includes but is not limited to a computer.
S102, obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensated region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensated region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensated frequency along with compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensated region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensated region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance;
specifically, the target area may be divided into a plurality of sub-areas by using the same time window or distance window, for the direct wave or shallow reflection signal of the seismic data of the target area, the energy is relatively less affected by the formation attenuation, and may be regarded as a signal not affected by the attenuation, and the sub-area corresponding to the direct wave or shallow reflection signal may be regarded as an uncompensated area. And for the subarea with obvious energy influence by the stratum attenuation, as a compensation area, judging whether the reflection signal has attenuation or not through the amplitude energy and the main frequency of the seismic data of the subarea, and when the attenuation of the reflection signal of the subarea exceeds an attenuation threshold, indicating that the energy attenuation of the subarea is obvious. And performing spectrum analysis and frequency division display on the seismic data of each uncompensated region, and determining the maximum frequency of an effective signal in the seismic data of each uncompensated region as the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region. And performing spectrum analysis and frequency division display on the seismic data of each compensation area, and determining the maximum frequency of the effective signal in the seismic data of each compensation area as the maximum frequency of the compensation area. The seismic data may be a common midpoint gather or a shot gather. The target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance.
And obtaining quality factor sub-field data of each compensation area according to the seismic data of each compensation area, so that a quality factor corresponding to each compensation area can be determined, converting the quality factor corresponding to each compensation area from a depth domain to a time domain, and obtaining the compensation travel time T of each compensation area according to the value q of the quality factor corresponding to each compensation area in the time domain and the time T of the central position of each compensation area, wherein T is T/q. Corresponding the compensation travel time of each compensation area to the maximum frequency of each compensation area, a set of data pairs of the compensation travel time and the maximum compensation frequency can be obtained. And performing deduplication processing on the data pairs of the maximum compensation frequency and the compensation travel time, namely when the compensation travel times are equal, reserving the minimum value of the maximum compensation frequencies corresponding to the compensation travel times as the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the compensation travel times. And then, taking the maximum value from the maximum compensation frequencies of the uncompensated areas as the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the compensation travel time of 0, and obtaining a group of data pairs of the compensation travel time and the maximum compensation frequency again. And carrying out linear interpolation on the group of data pairs of the compensation travel time and the maximum compensation frequency, which are obtained again, so as to obtain a curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the change of the compensation travel time.
S103, obtaining a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time;
specifically, according to the compensated travel time of the target area, the sum of the compensated travel times of each imaging point of the target area can be obtained, according to the sum of the compensated travel times of each imaging point and a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensated travel time, the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of the compensated travel times of each imaging point can be obtained, and then according to the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of the compensated travel times of each imaging point, the gain limit of each imaging point is obtained.
S104, performing amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
Specifically, after the gain limit of each imaging point is obtained, the amplitude of each imaging point is compensated, so that the seismic data are subjected to amplitude compensation to obtain amplitude-compensated seismic data, and then the target area is imaged according to the amplitude-compensated seismic data to obtain the imaging result of the target area.
The seismic migration imaging method provided by the embodiment of the invention obtains the compensation travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area, obtains the maximum frequency of each uncompensated area and the maximum frequency of each compensation area according to the seismic data of each uncompensated area and each compensation area, obtains the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation area, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated area and the maximum frequency of each compensation area, obtains the gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time, performs amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain of each imaging point, obtains the imaging result of the target area, can effectively compensate the attenuation of energy and frequency components caused by the stratum absorption attenuation effect, the accuracy of seismic migration imaging is improved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic migration imaging method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the obtaining a compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area includes:
s1011, obtaining imaging velocity field data and quality factor field data of the target area according to the seismic data;
specifically, from the seismic data, imaging velocity field data and quality factor field data of the target region can be obtained. The specific process for obtaining the imaging speed field data and the quality factor field data is the prior art, and is not described herein again.
And S1012, calculating and obtaining the compensation travel time of the target area according to the imaging speed field data and the quality factor field data.
Specifically, after obtaining the imaging velocity field data and the quality factor field data, a compensation travel time for each imaging point of the target region may be calculated, the compensation travel times for the respective imaging points of the target region constituting a compensation travel time for the target region.
For example, the compensated travel time for each imaging point may be based on a formula
Is obtained by calculation, T*(x) Compensated travel time, v, representing imaging points0Representing the acoustic velocity of the imaging point, Q representing the quality factor of the imaging point, s representing the ray path, and x representing the position of the imaging point. Said compensation may be made by reflecting the amplitude attenuation of the seismic waves during travel, A*＝exp(-ωT*)，A*Representing the amplitude attenuation at the imaging point x and omega representing the frequency.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a seismic migration imaging method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, further, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the obtaining a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency with the compensation travel time of the target area includes:
s1031, obtaining cut-off frequencies of all imaging points of the target area according to the sum of compensation travel time of all imaging points of the target area and a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time;
specifically, the compensation travel time of the target area includes a compensation travel time from each imaging point to a shot point and a compensation travel time from each imaging point to a demodulator probe, and the compensation travel time from each imaging point to the shot point and the compensation travel time from each imaging point to the demodulator probe are summed to obtain a sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point. Then, the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point is obtained according to the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel times, and the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point is used as the cut-off frequency of each imaging point, so that the cut-off frequency of each imaging point of the target area can be obtained.
S1032, determining a gain limit of each imaging point according to a cutoff frequency and a gain limit calculation formula of each imaging point of the target area; wherein the gain limit calculation formula is preset;
specifically, after the cutoff frequency of each imaging point of the target region is obtained, the cutoff frequency of each imaging point is substituted into a gain limit formula, and a gain limit of each imaging point can be calculated. Wherein the gain limit calculation formula is preset.
For example, the gain limit calculation formula is: g (t)c)＝exp(0.5ω(tc)tc) Wherein, G (t)c) Indicating a compensated travel time sum of tcGain limit of the imaging point of (c), ω (t)c) Indicating a compensated travel time sum of tcThe cut-off frequency, t, of the imaging point of (1)cRepresenting the sum of compensated travel times for the imaging points.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic migration imaging method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further performing amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point includes:
s1041, obtaining an amplitude gain factor of each imaging point according to a gain limit and an amplitude gain factor calculation formula of each imaging point; wherein the amplitude gain factor calculation formula is preset;
specifically, after the gain limit for each imaging point is obtained, the gain limit for each imaging point is substituted into the amplitude gain factor calculation formula, and the amplitude gain factor for each imaging point can be calculated. Wherein the amplitude gain factor calculation formula is preset.
For example, the amplitude gain factor calculation formula:
wherein, σ (t)c) Indicating a compensated travel time sum of tcG (t) of the imaging pointc) Indicating a compensated travel time sum of tcGain limit of the imaging point of (1), tcRepresenting the sum of compensated travel times for the imaging points.
S1042, obtaining an amplitude compensation coefficient of each imaging point according to the amplitude gain factor and the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula of each imaging point; wherein the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula is preset.
Specifically, after obtaining the amplitude gain factor of each imaging point, the amplitude gain factor of each imaging point may be substituted into the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula, and the amplitude compensation coefficient of each imaging point is calculated. Wherein the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula is preset.
For example, the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula is:
wherein, σ (t)c) Indicating a compensated travel time sum of tcThe amplitude gain factor, t, of the imaging point of (1)cRepresents the sum of compensated travel times of the imaging points, ω represents the angular frequency, A (ω, t)c) Representing the amplitude compensation factor of the imaging spot.
For an imaging point a with a position coordinate of x, when the detection point position is xrWhen the location of the shot point is xsWhen the angular frequency is ω, the amplitude compensation coefficient of the imaging point can be expressed as:
where σ represents the amplitude gain factor for the imaging point a, T (x)r,xsX) represents the position of the imaging point a as xrCompensating for travel time and imaging point a position xsω represents the angular frequency.
The amplitude compensation of the imaging point a can be realized by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
ω0representing a reference frequency, which may be a dominant frequency of the seismic data, i representing an imaginary unit, F (x)r,xsX, ω) represents a compensation filter of the imaging point a, u's(xr,xsX) energy at the position of the amplitude-compensated imaging point a, τsIndicating shot pointxsWhen travelling to the imaging point x, τrRepresenting shot point xrOn the trip to imaging point x, ξ represents the offset aperture range for imaging point x.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of imaging results of preset seismic data after attenuation is performed by using different attenuation coefficients, as shown in fig. 5, the attenuation coefficients of six seismic data from left to right are 5000, 400, 200, 100, 50 and 25, respectively. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an imaging result obtained by using a conventional Q-shift technique according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the conventional Q-shift technique is used to perform Q-shift imaging on the preset seismic data in fig. 5, so as to obtain the imaging result shown in fig. 6. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging result of the seismic migration imaging method according to the present application, as shown in fig. 7, the preset seismic data in fig. 5 is imaged by using the seismic migration imaging method according to the present application, so as to obtain the imaging result shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of wave number spectra corresponding to an imaging result of preset seismic data, an imaging result using a conventional Q-shift technique, and an imaging result of the seismic-shift imaging method of the present application, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, a curve 1 is the wave number spectrum of the imaging result of the preset seismic data shown in fig. 5, a curve 2 is the wave number spectrum of the imaging result using the conventional Q-shift technique shown in fig. 6, and a curve 3 is the wave number spectrum of the imaging result of the seismic-shift imaging method of the present application shown in fig. 7. By comparing the imaging result of the conventional Q-shift technique in FIG. 6 with the imaging result of the seismic-shift imaging method in FIG. 7, and comparing the wave number spectrum of the imaging result of the conventional Q-shift technique in FIG. 8 with the wave number spectrum of the imaging result of the seismic-shift imaging method in this application, it can be seen that the seismic-shift imaging method provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively and stably compensate the attenuation of energy and frequency components caused by the absorption and attenuation effects of the formation, and improve the accuracy of seismic data imaging, compared with the conventional Q-shift method.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the imaging result of the conventional migration technique, the imaging result using the conventional Q migration technique, and the wavenumber spectrum of the imaging result using the seismic migration imaging method of the present application, as shown in fig. 9, where a curve 1 is the wavenumber spectrum of the imaging result using the conventional migration technique, a curve 2 is the wavenumber spectrum of the imaging result using the conventional Q migration technique, and a curve 3 is the wavenumber spectrum of the imaging result using the seismic migration imaging method of the present application. The wavenumber spectrum of the imaging result in fig. 9 is obtained after actual seismic data is imaged using the conventional migration technique, the conventional Q migration technique, and the applied seismic migration imaging method, respectively. As can be seen from the wave number spectrum comparison in fig. 9, the imaging processing effect of the seismic migration imaging method provided by the embodiment of the invention is better than that of the conventional migration technology and the conventional Q migration method, and the amplitude fidelity and the resolution of the imaging result are improved.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 10, the seismic migration imaging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first obtaining unit 1001, a second obtaining unit 1002, a third obtaining unit 1003, and a fourth obtaining unit 1004, where:
the first obtaining unit 1001 is configured to obtain a compensated travel time of a target area according to seismic data of the target area; the second obtaining unit 1002 is configured to obtain a maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and a maximum frequency of each compensated region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensated region, and obtain a variation curve of the maximum compensated frequency along with compensation travel according to a quality factor corresponding to each compensated region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region, and the maximum frequency of each compensated region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance; the third obtaining unit 1003 is configured to obtain a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time of the target area; the fourth obtaining unit 1004 is configured to perform amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point, so as to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
Specifically, seismic exploration and data acquisition are performed on a target area, seismic data of the target area can be acquired, the first obtaining unit 1001 can determine velocity field data and quality factor field data of the target area according to the seismic data, and then can determine a compensation travel time of each imaging point in the target area as a compensation travel time of the target area according to the velocity field data and the quality factor field data of the target area. The seismic data may include, among other things, seismic time information, location information, and amplitude information.
The target area can be divided into a plurality of sub-areas by adopting the same time window or distance window, for direct waves or shallow layer reflection signals of the seismic data of the target area, the energy is relatively less influenced by the attenuation of the stratum, the direct waves or the shallow layer reflection signals can be regarded as signals which are not influenced by the attenuation, and the sub-areas corresponding to the direct waves or the shallow layer reflection signals can be used as uncompensated areas. And for the subarea with obvious energy influence by the stratum attenuation, as a compensation area, judging whether the reflection signal has attenuation or not through the amplitude energy and the main frequency of the seismic data of the subarea, and when the attenuation of the reflection signal of the subarea exceeds an attenuation threshold, indicating that the energy attenuation of the subarea is obvious. The second obtaining unit 1002 performs spectrum analysis and frequency division display on the seismic data of each uncompensated region, and may determine a maximum frequency of an effective signal in the seismic data of each uncompensated region as the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region. The second obtaining unit 1002 performs spectrum analysis and frequency division display on the seismic data of each compensation area, and may determine the maximum frequency of the effective signal in the seismic data of each compensation area as the maximum frequency of the compensation area. The seismic data may be a common midpoint gather or a shot gather. The target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance.
The second obtaining unit 1002 may obtain quality factor sub-field data of each compensation region according to the seismic data of each compensation region, so as to determine a quality factor corresponding to each compensation region, then convert the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region from a depth domain to a time domain, and then obtain a compensation travel time T of each compensation region according to a value q of the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region in the time domain and a time T of a center position of each compensation region, where T is T/q. The second obtaining unit 1002 corresponds the compensation travel time of each compensation area to the maximum frequency of each compensation area, and may obtain a set of data pairs of the compensation travel time and the maximum compensation frequency. The second obtaining unit 1002 performs deduplication processing on the above-mentioned set of data pairs of the maximum compensation frequencies when the compensation travels are equal, that is, when the compensation travels are equal, the minimum value of the plurality of maximum compensation frequencies corresponding to the compensation travels is reserved as the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the compensation travels. The second obtaining unit 1002 further obtains a maximum value from the maximum compensation frequencies of the non-compensation regions as a maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the compensation travel time being 0, and obtains a set of data pairs of the compensation travel time and the maximum compensation frequency again. The second obtaining unit 1002 linearly interpolates the retrieved data pair of the compensated travel time and the maximum compensation frequency to obtain a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency with the compensated travel time.
The third obtaining unit 1003 may obtain a sum of compensation travel times of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area, may obtain a maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of compensation travel times of each imaging point according to the sum of compensation travel times of each imaging point and a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time, and then may obtain a gain limit of each imaging point according to the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of compensation travel times of each imaging point.
After the gain limit of each imaging point is obtained, the fourth obtaining unit 1004 compensates the amplitude of each imaging point, so as to implement amplitude compensation on the seismic data to obtain amplitude-compensated seismic data, and then images the target area according to the amplitude-compensated seismic data to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
The seismic migration imaging device provided by the embodiment of the invention obtains the compensation travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area, obtains the maximum frequency of each uncompensated area and the maximum frequency of each compensation area according to the seismic data of each uncompensated area and each compensation area, obtains the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation area, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated area and the maximum frequency of each compensation area, obtains the gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time, performs amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain of each imaging point, obtains the imaging result of the target area, can effectively compensate the attenuation of energy and frequency components caused by the stratum absorption attenuation effect, the accuracy of seismic migration imaging is improved.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the first obtaining unit 1001 includes a first obtaining subunit 10011 and a first calculating subunit 10012, where:
the first obtaining subunit 10011 is configured to obtain imaging velocity field data and quality factor field data of the target area according to the seismic data; the first calculating subunit 10012 is configured to calculate a compensated travel time for obtaining the target area according to the imaging speed field data and the quality factor field data.
Specifically, the first obtaining subunit 10011 may obtain imaging velocity field data and quality factor field data of the target region from the seismic data. The specific process for obtaining the imaging speed field data and the quality factor field data is the prior art, and is not described herein again.
After obtaining the imaging velocity field data and the quality factor field data, the first calculating subunit 10012 may calculate a compensation travel time for each imaging point of the target region, where the compensation travel time for each imaging point of the target region constitutes the compensation travel time for the target region.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 12, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the third obtaining unit 1003 includes a second obtaining subunit 10031 and a determining subunit 10032, where:
the second obtaining subunit 10031 is configured to obtain a cut-off frequency of each imaging point of the target area according to a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time and a sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point of the target area; the determining subunit 10032 is configured to determine a gain limit of each imaging point according to a cutoff frequency of each imaging point of the target area and a preset gain limit formula.
Specifically, the compensation travel time of the target area includes a compensation travel time from each imaging point to the shot point and a compensation travel time from each imaging point to the demodulator probe, and the second obtaining subunit 10031 sums the compensation travel time from each imaging point to the shot point and the compensation travel time from each imaging point to the demodulator probe, so as to obtain the sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point. Then, the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point is obtained according to the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel times, and the maximum compensation frequency corresponding to the sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point is used as the cut-off frequency of each imaging point, so that the cut-off frequency of each imaging point of the target area can be obtained.
After obtaining the cut-off frequency of each imaging point of the target area, the determining subunit 10032 brings the cut-off frequency of each imaging point into the gain limit formula, and may calculate the gain limit of each imaging point. Wherein the gain limit calculation formula is preset.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic migration imaging apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 13, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the fourth obtaining unit 1004 includes a third obtaining subunit 10041 and a fourth obtaining subunit 10042, where:
the third obtaining subunit 10041 is configured to obtain an amplitude gain factor of each imaging point according to a gain limit and an amplitude gain factor calculation formula of each imaging point; wherein the amplitude gain factor calculation formula is preset; the fourth obtaining subunit 10042 is configured to obtain an amplitude compensation coefficient for each imaging point according to an amplitude gain factor and an amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula for each imaging point; wherein the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula is preset.
Specifically, after obtaining the gain limit for each imaging point, the third obtaining subunit 10041 brings the gain limit for each imaging point into the amplitude gain factor calculation formula, and the amplitude gain factor for each imaging point can be calculated. Wherein the amplitude gain factor calculation formula is preset.
After obtaining the amplitude gain factor of each imaging point, the fourth obtaining subunit 10042 may substitute the amplitude gain factor of each imaging point into the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula, and calculate and obtain the amplitude compensation coefficient of each imaging point. Wherein the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula is preset.
The embodiment of the apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be specifically configured to execute the processing flows of the above method embodiments, and the functions of the apparatus are not described herein again, and refer to the detailed description of the above method embodiments.
Fig. 14 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 14, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)1401, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)1402, a memory (memory)1403, and a communication bus 1404, wherein the processor 1401, the communication Interface 1402, and the memory 1403 communicate with each other via the communication bus 1404. The processor 1401 may call logical instructions in the memory 1403 to perform the following method: obtaining the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area; obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensation region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance; obtaining a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time; and carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 1403 can be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the software functional units are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The present embodiment discloses a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform the method provided by the above-mentioned method embodiments, for example, comprising: obtaining the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area; obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensation region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance; obtaining a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time; and carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
The present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, where the computer program causes the computer to execute the method provided by the above method embodiments, for example, the method includes: obtaining the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area; obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensation region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance; obtaining a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time; and carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," "an example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seismic migration imaging method, comprising:
obtaining the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area;
obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensation region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensation region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensation region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance;
obtaining a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to the compensation travel time of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time;
and carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain an imaging result of the target area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the compensated traveltime for the target area from the seismic data for the target area comprises:
acquiring imaging speed field data and quality factor field data of the target area according to the seismic data;
and calculating and obtaining the compensation travel time of the target area according to the imaging speed field data and the quality factor field data.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the gain limit for each imaging point of the target region according to the compensated travel time of the target region and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency with the compensated travel time comprises:
obtaining the cut-off frequency of each imaging point of the target area according to the sum of the compensation travel time of each imaging point of the target area and the variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time;
determining a gain limit of each imaging point according to a cutoff frequency and a gain limit calculation formula of each imaging point of the target area; wherein the gain limit calculation formula is preset.
4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amplitude compensating the seismic data according to the gain limit for each imaging point comprises:
obtaining an amplitude gain factor of each imaging point according to a gain limit of each imaging point and an amplitude gain factor calculation formula; wherein the amplitude gain factor calculation formula is preset;
obtaining an amplitude compensation coefficient of each imaging point according to an amplitude gain factor and an amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula of each imaging point; wherein the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula is preset.
5. A seismic offset imaging apparatus, comprising:
the first obtaining unit is used for obtaining the compensated travel time of the target area according to the seismic data of the target area;
the second obtaining unit is used for obtaining the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensated region according to the seismic data of each uncompensated region and each compensated region, and obtaining a variation curve of the maximum compensated frequency along with compensation travel according to the quality factor corresponding to each compensated region, the maximum frequency of each uncompensated region and the maximum frequency of each compensated region; wherein the target area is divided into a plurality of the uncompensated areas and a plurality of the compensated areas in advance;
a third obtaining unit, configured to obtain a gain limit of each imaging point of the target area according to a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time of the target area;
and the fourth obtaining unit is used for carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data according to the gain limit of each imaging point to obtain the imaging result of the target area.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first obtaining unit comprises:
the first obtaining subunit is used for obtaining imaging velocity field data and quality factor field data of the target area according to the seismic data;
and the first calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the compensation travel time of the target area according to the imaging speed field data and the quality factor field data.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the third obtaining unit comprises:
the second obtaining subunit is configured to obtain a cut-off frequency of each imaging point of the target area according to a variation curve of the maximum compensation frequency along with the compensation travel time and a sum of the compensation travel times of each imaging point of the target area;
and the determining subunit is used for determining the gain limit of each imaging point according to the cut-off frequency of each imaging point in the target area and a preset gain limit formula.
8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the fourth obtaining unit comprises:
a third obtaining subunit, configured to obtain an amplitude gain factor of each imaging point according to a gain limit and an amplitude gain factor calculation formula of each imaging point; wherein the amplitude gain factor calculation formula is preset;
the fourth obtaining subunit is configured to obtain an amplitude compensation coefficient for each imaging point according to the amplitude gain factor and the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula for each imaging point; wherein the amplitude compensation coefficient calculation formula is preset.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 4 are implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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