CN105353406A - Method and device for generating angle gather - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and device for generating an angle gather, and belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration. The method comprises the steps: building a depth domain speed model according to a seismic record; carrying out the Gaussian beam ray tracking through employing the depth domain speed model, and generating a Gaussian beam of a shot point in the seismic record and a Gaussian beam of a detection point; obtaining a variable angle projection scaling factor, carrying out prestack offset accumulation imaging through employing the Gaussian beam of the shot point and the Gaussian beam of the detection point, and generating an angle gather of the speed model according to the accumulation imaging results and the variable angle projection scaling factor. The method and device can solve problems that a cophasal axis of an imaging point becomes shorter and the resolution decreases along with the increase of the depth, and can enable the cophasal axis of a shallow imaging point and the cophasal axis of a deep imaging point to remain consistent in a lateral direction, and to remain the same resolution.

Description

A kind of method and apparatus generating angle gathers

Technical field

The application relates to technical field of geophysical exploration, particularly a kind of method and apparatus generating angle gathers.

Background technology

The velocity of propagation of seismic event in underground medium is seismic data process and very important parameter in explanation.By analytically shaking velocity of wave propagation, the rate pattern in work area can be obtained.Under work area rate pattern accurately situation, carrying out to geological data the common imaging gather (CIG) that pre-stack depth migration process obtains can reflect underground structure feature preferably.Therefore, accurately and reliably carrying out velocity analysis is the necessary condition that geological data carries out correctly imaging.In actual applications, by analyzing " flatness " of common offset common imaging gather (ODCIG) lineups, can judge that whether rate pattern is accurate.

But when rate pattern is more complicated, imaging ray path may be intersected, and under the condition of nonholonomic constraints, meet more than one of the underground point possibility of imaging relations.Therefore, in the region of rate pattern structure more complicated, even if under rate pattern accurately situation, the coherence of ODCIG lineups is also poor, noise is also comparatively large, and " flat " lineups that can pick up are few, and occur " skewed " lineups, thus there is skew illusion, judge to bring very large fascination to the analysis of rate pattern.

Research shows, under complex structure background, angle domain common image gathers (i.e. angle gathers) can form high being concerned with and the lineups of " flat ", thus can significantly reduce skew illusion.Meanwhile, angle gathers can also simplify CT calculating method.In prior art, under normal circumstances, in angle gathers, being divided in the degree of depth of angle is equally spaced.

Realizing in the application's process, inventor finds that in prior art, at least there are the following problems:

Because the maximum offset of field acquisition earth's surface shot point and geophone station is limited, therefore for the angle gathers degree of depth being angular divisions at equal intervals, more to deep layer, maximum effective imaging angle of imaging point is less.For the shot point shown in Fig. 1 and geophone station, the maximum imaging angle of Shallow Point A is not identical with the maximum imaging angle of deep layer point B.Wherein, the maximum imaging angle of deep layer point B is far smaller than the maximum imaging angle of Shallow Point A.

In addition, for traditional angle gathers, the angle of the maximum effective imaging of deep layer point is different with the angle of the maximum effective imaging of Shallow Point, thus causing in same angle intervals, the earth's surface geophone station quantity representated by Shallow Point imaging is not identical with the earth's surface geophone station quantity representated by the imaging of deep layer point.Compared with Shallow Point, an angle intervals of deep layer point represents more geophone station imaging from signal, thus makes the lineups of traditional angle gathers not " straight ".Further, more geophone station is superimposed in the imaging of rate pattern compared with large regions, makes the resolution step-down of deep layer point lineups.Therefore, for traditional angle gathers, along with the increase of the degree of depth, the lineups of imaging point not only in the horizontal length become shorter, and resolution becomes lower, thus is unfavorable for follow-up velocity analysis.

Summary of the invention

The object of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a kind of method and apparatus generating angle gathers.Described method and apparatus can overcome the increase along with the degree of depth, and the lineups of imaging point shorten and the problem of resolution decline, the lineups of shallow-layer imaging point and imaging deep point can be made to be consistent in the horizontal, and keep identical resolution.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of method generating angle gathers that the embodiment of the present application provides is achieved in that

Generate a method for angle gathers, comprising:

Depth Domain rate pattern is set up according to seismologic record;

Utilize described Depth Domain rate pattern to carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing, generate the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record;

Obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, utilize shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack and be summed into picture, shine upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and described varied angle, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern.

Generate a device for angle gathers, comprising:

Set up module, for setting up Depth Domain rate pattern according to seismologic record;

Tracing module, for utilizing described Depth Domain rate pattern to carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing, generates the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record;

Generation module, shines upon scale factor for obtaining varied angle, utilizes shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack and is summed into picture, shine upon scale factor, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern according to cumulative imaging results and described varied angle.

The technical scheme provided from above the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application obtains varied angle and shines upon scale factor, utilize shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack and be summed into picture, and shine upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and described varied angle, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern.Compared with prior art, the division interval of the embodiment of the present application imaging angle changes with the change of imaging depth, improve angle gathers in, the resolution of imaging deep point, thus overcome deep layer lineups that angular divisions at equal intervals causes and shorten and the problem that declines of resolution, more reliable foundation can be provided for follow-up velocity analysis.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, the accompanying drawing that the following describes is only some embodiments recorded in the application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of maximum effective imaging angle of imaging point in prior art;

Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that the embodiment of the present application generates angle gathers method;

Fig. 3 is the ray center coordinate system schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 a is the spectrum analysis schematic diagram of angle gathers imaging deep point lineups in prior art;

Fig. 4 b is the spectrum analysis schematic diagram of the angle gathers imaging deep point lineups that the embodiment of the present application generates;

Fig. 5 is the illustrative view of functional configuration that the embodiment of the present application generates angle gathers device.

Embodiment

Technical scheme in the application is understood better in order to make those skilled in the art person, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only some embodiments of the present application, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, all should belong to the scope of the application's protection.

In prior art, a rate pattern accurately whether important indicator is " flatness " of the common imaging gather lineups that pre-stack depth migration produces.It is generally acknowledged, when the lineups of common imaging gather distribute in " flat ", show that rate pattern is more correct.When the lineups of common imaging gather " upwarp " or " sagging " time, show that rate pattern is incorrect.Normally, when the lineups of common imaging gather " upwarp " or " sagging " time, by analyzing the curvature of lineups, can rate pattern be updated, become comparatively accurate to make rate pattern.

In desirable comprehensive data acquisition process, seismic trace is usually by sp location (x _s, y _s), acceptance point position (x _r, y _r) and record index reflection interval (t).In actual applications, under normal circumstances, the offset vector (x of earth's surface image data can be selected _s-x _r, y _s-y _r) common imaging gather is sorted, and using the common imaging gather after sequence as common offset common imaging gather (ODCIG), then by analyzing " flatness " of ODCIG lineups, judge that whether rate pattern is accurate.

But in the region of rate pattern structure more complicated, even if under rate pattern accurately situation, the coherence of ODCIG lineups is also poor, noise is also comparatively large, and " flat " lineups that can pick up are few, and occur " skewed " lineups.Reason is, when rate pattern is more complicated, imaging ray path may be intersected, and under the condition of nonholonomic constraints, meets more than one of the underground point possibility of imaging relations.Like this, even if when rate pattern is correct, still may cannot obtain the lineups of " flat ", thus occur skew illusion, judge to bring very large fascination to the analysis of rate pattern.

Research shows, under complex structure background, angle domain common image gathers (i.e. angle gathers) can form high being concerned with and the lineups of " flat ", thus can significantly reduce skew illusion.In addition, because ODCIG generally only can provide earth's surface offset information, in order to determine shot point-wave detector pair, tomography instrument needs to launch many arrangements of mirrors face ray pair, to search for the arrangement of mirrors face ray pair met the demands from the underground position of pickup.And angle gathers can be directly inputted into tomography instrument, by the reflecting interface position of pickup and inclination angle and the reflection angle information that obtains from corner-sharing degree domain imaging point road collection, can clearly define the minute surface ray pair of imaging point, therefore angle gathers can also simplify CT calculating method.In prior art, under normal circumstances, in angle gathers, being divided in the degree of depth of angle is equally spaced.

For traditional angle gathers divided at equal intervals, along with the increase of the degree of depth, the lineups of imaging point not only in the horizontal length become shorter, and resolution becomes lower, thus is unfavorable for follow-up velocity analysis.The angle gathers that the method and apparatus of the embodiment of the present application generates closes, and the division interval of imaging angle changes with the change of imaging depth, thus improve angle gathers in, the resolution of imaging deep point.

A kind of method generating angle gathers that the embodiment of the present application provides, as shown in Figure 2, the method comprises:

S201: set up interval velocity model in depth domain according to seismologic record.

Particularly, can earthquake-wave-exciting record seismic event, then conveniently process the seismic event of seismic data flow process to field acquisition and process, obtain through processed conventionally time domain seismologic record.Then time domain velocity analysis is carried out to described time domain seismologic record, obtain stack velocity or the root-mean-square velocity of time domain.Then the initial modeling method such as Dix inverting (Dix formula inverting) or constraint velocity inversion is utilized the stack velocity of time domain or root-mean-square velocity to be changed into the initiation layer velocity field of Depth Domain.Finally velocity sweeping, relevant inverting, the territory velocity analysis of tomographic inversion even depth are carried out to the initiation layer velocity field of described Depth Domain, carry out iteration with optimization layer velocity field, and then set up final interval velocity model in depth domain.

S202: utilize described interval velocity model in depth domain to carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing, generates the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record.

Particularly, according to the Depth Domain speed model set up, Gaussian beam ray tracing can be carried out respectively to each shot point in time domain seismologic record data and geophone station, thus generate the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in seismologic record.Described Gaussian beam ray tracing can comprise and carries out kinematics ray tracing and kinetics ray-tracing, wherein,

The mode that kinematics ray tracing can use 4 rank Runge-Kutta methods to solve partial differential equation carries out stepping, is specially:

$\begin{array}{c}\frac{dx}{dt}=v\sin \left(a\right)\\ \frac{dz}{dt}=v\cos \left(a\right)\\ \frac{da}{dt}=-\frac{\∂v}{\∂x}cos\left(a\right)+\frac{\∂v}{\∂z}sin\left(a\right)\end{array}---\left(1\right)$

In formula (1):

X and z is respectively x coordinate figure and the z coordinate value of current calculating shot point or geophone station;

T is ray hourage, and v is ray velocity, and a is the angle of ray and z-axis;

with be respectively the partial derivative of ray velocity on x and z direction.

The mode that kinetics ray-tracing can use 4 rank Runge-Kutta methods to solve partial differential equation carries out stepping, is specially:

$\begin{array}{c}\frac{dQ}{dt}=v^{2}Q\\ \frac{dP}{dt}=-v^{-1}\frac{{\∂}^{2}v}{\∂n^2}Q\end{array}---\left(2\right)$

In formula (2),

N is current calculating shot point or the geophone station distance to ray;

represent that ray velocity is to the second-order partial differential coefficient in space;

P and Q is complex value kinetic parameter, for determining width and the shape of the Gaussian beam formed.Wherein, the Initial value choice of P and Q can be:

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_0=\frac{i}{v_0}\\ Q_0=\frac{{\mathrm{\ω}}_l{w}_0^2}{v_0}\end{array}---\left(3\right)$

In formula (3),

V ₀for ray is in the speed of earth's surface eye point;

ω _lfor the minimum frequency in migration parameter;

W ₀for the original width of Gaussian beam ray;

I is imaginary unit.

After kinematics ray tracing and kinetics ray-tracing complete, each root Gaussian beam ray can be utilized, the Gaussian beam formula of through type (4), solve Gaussian beam ray and there is complex amplitude A in each image-generating unit of Soft soil treatmen and complex value whilst on tour T, thus form the Gaussian beam of shot point or geophone station.

$u(s,n,\mathrm{\ω})=\sqrt{\frac{v\left(s\right)}{Q\left(s\right)}}{e}^{\left\{i\mathrm{\ω}\mathrm{\τ}\left(s\right)+\frac{i\mathrm{\ω}}{2}\frac{P\left(s\right)}{Q\left(s\right)}{n}^2\right\}}---\left(4\right)$

In formula (4),

ω is ripple frequency;

U (s, n, ω) for frequency be the wave field displacement of ω;

(s, n) be the ray coordinates under central ray coordinate system for current calculating shot point or geophone station.As shown in Figure 3, s is current calculating shot point or the geophone station distance to ray initial point, and n is current calculating shot point or the geophone station distance to ray;

The speed of ray centered by v (s);

centered by the whilst on tour of ray, specifically can be determined by aforesaid kinematics ray tracing;

P (s) and Q (s) is complex value kinetic parameter, specifically can be determined by aforesaid kinetics ray-tracing;

I is imaginary unit.

Complex amplitude A and complex value whilst on tour T can be obtained by following formula (5):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}A=\sqrt{\frac{v\left(s\right)}{Q\left(S\right)}}\\ T=\frac{P\left(s\right)}{2Q\left(s\right)}{n}^2\end{array}\right.---\left(5\right)$

By carrying out above-mentioned ray tracing to shot point and geophone station, the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station can be generated.

S203: obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, utilize shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack and be summed into picture, shine upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and varied angle, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern.

In some embodiments, varied angle can be obtained by following mode and shine upon scale factor.Specific as follows:

Obtain the initial depth z of the varied angle division preset ₀, depth capacity z ₁, z ₀maximum effective imaging angle a at place ₀and z ₁maximum effective imaging angle a at place ₁.Particularly, z ₀for the initial depth that varied angle divides, be also namely less than z ₀the degree of depth on, can think that the resolution of lineups of angle gathers is enough high, to such an extent as to not need to carry out varied angle division.A ₀for z ₀maximum effective imaging angle estimation at place, is generally 90 °.Z ₁for the bosom that varied angle divides, i.e. the bosom of migration imaging.A1 is z ₁maximum effective imaging angle estimation at place.Wherein,

$a_1=arctan\left(\frac{h_{max}}{2z_1}\right)---\left(6\right)$

In formula (6),

H _maxfor the maximum offset on ground in recording geometry.

Through type (7) varied angle that calculates any imaging depth z place can shine upon scale factor scl.Particularly,

$scl=a_0/c_1{z}^{c_2}---\left(7\right)$

In formula (7),

c ₂＝log(a ₁/a ₀)/log(z ₁/z ₀)，

$c_1=a_0/\left({z_0}^{c2}\right),$

for maximum effective imaging angle at imaging depth z place.

In other embodiments, varied angle can be obtained by following mode and shine upon scale factor.Specific as follows:

Obtain user-defined Parameter File.In described Parameter File, imaging depth can be divided into multiple adjacent interval.For two end points in each interval, the equal corresponding proportional factor.

For any imaging depth z, the interval at this imaging depth z place can be obtained from described Parameter File, and the scale factor of these two end points in interval.Then the varied angle calculating this imaging depth z place according to formula (8) shines upon scale factor scl.Particularly,

scl＝s ₂*(z ₃-z)/(z ₃-z ₂)+s ₃*(z-z ₂)/(z ₃-z ₂)(8)

In formula (8),

Z ₂and z ₃be respectively two end points of depth intervals residing for point that imaging depth is z, z ₃the degree of depth be greater than z ₂;

S ₂for imaging depth z ₂the scale factor at place, s ₃for imaging depth z ₃the scale factor at place.

In step S203, after obtaining shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam, can intersect both, obtain total complex amplitude and complex value hourage, then utilize saddle point scanning method to scan complex value whilst on tour, to retain the Gaussian beam of ceiling capacity contribution.Then the inclination angle P of the shot point ray of each imaging grid in the effective coverage of described ceiling capacity contribution Gaussian beam is obtained _swith the inclination angle P of geophone station ray _r, and obtain P according to formula (12) _rthe signal value of the seismic data after the decomposition produced carries out imaging.Specific as follows:

1), according to processing requirements default bias parameter, according to the minimum frequency ω in the migration parameter preset _l, maximum frequency ω _hand Gaussian beam original width w ₀, calculate Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch Δ a and ray tracing ray parameter interval delta p, to determine the number of rays participating in imaging.Wherein,

$\mathrm{\Δ}a=w_0*\sqrt{2{\mathrm{\ω}}_l/{\mathrm{\ω}}_h}---\left(9\right)$

$\mathrm{\Δ}p=\mathrm{\π}/(3*w_0*\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ω}}_l{\mathrm{\ω}}_h})---\left(10\right)$

2), analyze all seismic traces of current shot point, according to the earth's surface layout pitch Δ a determined, calculate the quantity Na of the geophone station eye point of current shot point.Wherein,

N _α＝L _X/Δα(11)

In formula (11),

L _xfor the overlay length of all seismic traces of current shot point.

3), for each geophone station eye point of current shot point, the geological data of this geophone station eye point is carried out local stacking, obtain the imaging net point in this geophone station eye point coverage, for each imaging net point, the angle α of shot point ray and geophone station ray in the depth value z of this imaging net point and this imaging net point can be obtained _true, and shine upon scale factor scl according to the varied angle that described depth value z obtains this imaging net point, the angle α of shot point ray and geophone station ray in scale factor scl and this imaging net point is shone upon by the varied angle of this imaging net point _true, obtain the imaging angle [alpha] after the shining upon of this imaging net point _map, the α of all imaging net points of this geophone station eye point cumulative _map, obtain the α of this geophone station eye point _mapset, the α of the cumulative each geophone station eye point of current shot point _mapset, obtains the α of current shot point _mapset.

Step 3) in, by formula (12), the geological data of geophone station eye point can be carried out local stacking.Particularly, at geophone station eye point (x _d, y _d, z _d), local tiltedly superposition is carried out to seismic data, thus seismic event is decomposed into the plane wave of different directions.Oblique Superposition Formula is as follows:

$B(\mathrm{\ω},p)=C\frac{\left|\mathrm{\ω}\right|}{2\mathrm{\π}}{\∫}_{x_0-L}^{x_0+L}{F}_x\left(\mathrm{\ω}\right)e^{-\frac{1}{2}\left|\frac{\mathrm{\ω}}{{\mathrm{\ω}}_l}\right|\frac{x^2}{L^2}}{e}^{-i\mathrm{\ω}px}dx---\left(12\right)$

In formula (12),

P is ray dip angle parameter;

B (ω, p) is local tiltedly superposed signal;

L is the radius of the oblique superposition scope in local, i.e. corresponding ω _lthe effective half width w of Gaussian ray bundle ₀3 times;

_x0for the center of ray outgoing (is also (x _d, y _d) relative coordinate), be also the center of the oblique superposition in local;

F _x(ω) frequency spectrum of the ground table record in x position is represented;

C is local stacking coefficient, for guaranteeing the consistance of Gaussian ray bundle decomposition of plane wave and ground table record.Particularly, $C=\sqrt{2\mathrm{\ω}/\left({\mathrm{\π\ω}}_h\right)}.$

Seismologic record in subrange [-L, L] is carried out exponential damping according to the distance of distance center point by formula (12), and stacks up according to ray dip angle parameter p, achieves Different Slope plane wave decomposition.

Step 3) in, the angle α that formula (13) obtains shot point ray and geophone station ray in imaging net point can be passed through _true.

cos(2*α _true)＝(p _s·p _r)/(|p _s|/|p _r|)(13)

In formula (13),

P _sfor the inclination angle of shot point ray, P _rfor the inclination angle of geophone station ray.| p _s| be the 2-norm of the dip vector of shot point ray, | p _r| be the 2-norm of the dip vector of geophone station ray.Wherein, the definition for the 2-norm of arbitrary vectorial p, this vectorial p is generally $\left|p\right|=\sqrt{p_x^2+p_y^2+p_z^2}.$

Step 3) in, according to formula (14), the angle α of shot point ray and geophone station ray in scale factor scl and this imaging net point can be shone upon by the varied angle of imaging net point _true, obtain the imaging angle [alpha] after the shining upon of this imaging net point _map.

α _map＝scl*α _true(14)

4) for each big gun in seismologic record, above-mentioned steps 2 can be performed successively) and step 3), the angle set of each shot point in seismologic record can be obtained.The angle set of shot point each in seismologic record is added up, the angle gathers of rate pattern can be obtained.

Traditional angle gathers imaging point is from shallow to being that angularly interval divides deeply, and it is shorter that therefore traditional angle gathers more arrives deep layer lineups, and resolution is lower.The method of the embodiment of the present application divides parameter by varied angle, divides from shallow to deeply carrying out non-angularly interval to angle gathers.Therefore the angle gathers generated by the method for the embodiment of the present application can overcome divide at equal intervals the deep layer lineups caused shorten and resolution decline problem, the lineups length of shallow-layer and deep layer can be made to keep certain unification, thus in the inaccurate situation of rate pattern, can keep the resolution of lineups to a certain extent.

Further, the method of the embodiment of the present application can avoid traditional angle gathers in, the unconspicuous problem of lineups curvature that causes of maximum effective imaging angle too small of deep layer, more reliable foundation can be provided for tomographic inversion even depth territory velocity analysis instrument.

Fig. 4 a is the spectrum analysis of the deep layer lineups of traditional angle gathers, and Fig. 4 b is the spectrum analysis of the deep layer lineups of the angle gathers generated according to the method for the embodiment of the present application.As can be seen from the contrast of Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b, compared with the frequency of the deep layer lineups of traditional angle gathers, the about high 1Hz of frequency of the deep layer lineups of the angle gathers generated according to the method for the embodiment of the present application, resolution obviously uprises, thus advantageously in follow-up velocity analysis.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of device generating angle gathers.As shown in Figure 5, this device comprises and sets up module 501, tracing module 502 and generation module 503.Wherein,

Set up module 501, for setting up Depth Domain rate pattern according to seismologic record;

Tracing module 502, for utilizing described Depth Domain rate pattern to carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing, generates the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record;

Generation module 503, shines upon scale factor for obtaining varied angle, utilizes shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack and is summed into picture, shine upon scale factor, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern according to cumulative imaging results and described varied angle.

In the nineties in 20th century, it is improvement (such as, to the improvement of the circuit structures such as diode, transistor, switch) on hardware or the improvement (improvement for method flow) on software that improvement for a technology can clearly be distinguished.But along with the development of technology, the improvement of current a lot of method flows can be considered as the direct improvement of hardware circuit.Designer nearly all obtains corresponding hardware circuit by being programmed in hardware circuit by the method flow of improvement.Therefore, the improvement of not talkative method flow just can not realize by hardware entities module.Such as, programmable logic device (PLD) (ProgrammableLogicDevice, PLD) (such as field programmable gate array (FieldProgrammableGateArray, FPGA) be exactly) so a kind of integrated circuit, its logic function is determined device programming by user.Programmed voluntarily a digital display circuit " integrated " on a slice PLD by designer, and do not need chip maker to carry out the special integrated circuit (IC) chip of designing and making 2.And, nowadays, replace and manually make integrated circuit (IC) chip, this programming is also used instead mostly " logic compiler (logiccompiler) ", and software realizes, it and program development is write time software compiler used similar, and source code before will compiling also handy specific programming language write, this is referred to as hardware description language (HardwareDescriptionLanguage, HDL), and HDL also not only has one, but have many kinds, as ABEL (AdvancedBooleanExpressionLanguage), AHDL (AlteraHardwareDescriptionLanguage), Confluence, CUPL (CornellUniversityProgrammingLanguage), HDCal, JHDL (JavaHardwareDescriptionLanguage), Lava, Lola, MyHDL, PALASM, RHDL (RubyHardwareDescriptionLanguage) etc., the most generally use VHDL (Very-High-SpeedIntegratedCircuitHardwareDescriptionLangu age) and Verilog2 at present.Those skilled in the art also should be clear, only needs method flow is slightly made programming in logic with above-mentioned several hardware description language and is programmed in integrated circuit, just can be easy to the hardware circuit of this logical method flow process accomplished.

Controller can realize by any suitable mode, such as, controller can be taked such as microprocessor or processor and store the computer-readable medium of the computer readable program code (such as software or firmware) that can be performed by this (micro-) processor, logic gate, switch, special IC (ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit, ASIC), the form of programmable logic controller (PLC) and embedding microcontroller, the example of controller includes but not limited to following microcontroller: ARC625D, AtmelAT91SAM, MicrochipPIC18F26K20 and SiliconeLabsC8051F320, Memory Controller can also be implemented as a part for the steering logic of storer.

Those skilled in the art also know, except realizing except controller in pure computer readable program code mode, controller can be made to realize identical function with the form of logic gate, switch, special IC, programmable logic controller (PLC) and embedding microcontroller etc. by method step being carried out programming in logic completely.Therefore this controller can be considered to a kind of hardware component, and to the structure that also can be considered as the device realizing various function in hardware component comprised in it.Or even, the device being used for realizing various function can be considered as not only can be implementation method software module but also can be structure in hardware component.

System, device, module or unit that above-described embodiment is illustrated, specifically can be realized by computer chip or entity, or be realized by the product with certain function.

For convenience of description, various unit is divided into describe respectively with function when describing above device.Certainly, the function of each unit can be realized in same or multiple software and/or hardware when implementing the application.

As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the mode that the application can add required general hardware platform by software and realizes.Based on such understanding, the technical scheme of the application can embody with the form of software product the part that prior art contributes in essence in other words, this computer software product can be stored in storage medium, as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD etc., comprising some instructions in order to make a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, or the network equipment etc.) perform the method described in some part of each embodiment of the application or embodiment.

Each embodiment in this instructions all adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, between each embodiment identical similar part mutually see, what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiments.Especially, for system embodiment, because it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so description is fairly simple, relevant part illustrates see the part of embodiment of the method.

The application can be used in numerous general or special purpose computing system environments or configuration.Such as: personal computer, server computer, handheld device or portable set, laptop device, multicomputer system, system, set top box, programmable consumer-elcetronics devices, network PC, small-size computer, mainframe computer, the distributed computing environment comprising above any system or equipment etc. based on microprocessor.

The application can describe in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as program module.Usually, program module comprises the routine, program, object, assembly, data structure etc. that perform particular task or realize particular abstract data type.Also can put into practice the application in a distributed computing environment, in these distributed computing environment, be executed the task by the remote processing devices be connected by communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be arranged in the local and remote computer-readable storage medium comprising memory device.

Although depict the application by embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art know, the application has many distortion and change and do not depart from the spirit of the application, and the claim appended by wishing comprises these distortion and change and do not depart from the spirit of the application.

Claims (10)

1. generate a method for angle gathers, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Depth Domain rate pattern is set up according to seismologic record;

Utilize described Depth Domain rate pattern to carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing, generate the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record;

Obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, utilize shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack and be summed into picture, shine upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and described varied angle, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described acquisition varied angle shines upon scale factor, specifically comprises:

According to formula obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, wherein,

Scl represents that depth value is that the varied angle of the imaging point of z shines upon scale factor;

C ₂=log (a ₁/ a ₀)/log (z ₁/ z ₀), wherein, z ₀and z ₁be respectively initial depth value and the maximum depth value of varied angle division, a ₀for z ₀maximum effective imaging angle estimation at place, a ₁for z ₁maximum effective imaging angle estimation at place.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, wherein, h _maxfor the ground maximum offset of recording geometry.

4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described acquisition varied angle shines upon scale factor, specifically comprises:

Interval division is carried out to the depth value of imaging point, obtains imaging depth interval, then interval according to described imaging depth, utilize formula scl=s ₂* (z ₃-z)/(z ₃-z ₂)+s ₃* (z-z ₂)/(z ₃-z ₂) obtain varied angle shine upon scale factor, wherein,

Scl represents that depth value is that the varied angle of the imaging point of z shines upon scale factor;

Z ₂and z ₃be respectively the depth value that depth value is two end points in the imaging depth interval, imaging point place of z, and z ₂<z<z ₃;

S ₂for depth value is z ₂the varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor;

S ₃for depth value is z ₃the varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor.

5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, describedly utilize shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack to be summed into picture, to shine upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and described varied angle, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern, specifically comprise:

1) obtain Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch, and choose shot point from seismologic record;

2) according to described Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch, the current quantity choosing the geophone station eye point of shot point is calculated;

3) for the current each geophone station eye point choosing shot point, the geological data of this geophone station eye point is carried out local stacking imaging, obtain the imaging net point in this geophone station eye point coverage, for each imaging net point, the varied angle obtaining this imaging net point shines upon scale factor, and the imaging angle at this imaging net point place of scale factor calculation is shone upon by this varied angle, the imaging angle of each imaging net point of this geophone station eye point is added up, obtain the imaging angle set of this geophone station eye point, the current imaging angle set choosing each geophone station eye point of shot point is added up, obtain the current angle set choosing shot point,

4) choose shot point in the shot point be not selected from seismologic record, repeat step 2 successively) and step 3), till each shot point in traversal seismologic record, obtain the angle set of each shot point in seismologic record;

5) angle set of shot point each in seismologic record is added up, obtain the angle gathers of rate pattern.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the varied angle of this imaging net point of described acquisition shines upon scale factor, and shines upon the imaging angle at this imaging net point place of scale factor calculation by this varied angle, specifically comprises:

Obtain the depth value of this imaging net point, and the angle of shot point ray and geophone station ray in this imaging net point;

According to the imaging angle at this imaging net point place of angle calcu-lation of described depth value and described shot point ray and geophone station ray.

7. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the imaging angle at described this imaging net point place of angle calcu-lation according to described depth value and described shot point ray and geophone station ray, specifically comprises:

The varied angle obtaining described depth value place imaging point shines upon scale factor;

Varied angle according to described depth value place imaging point shines upon scale factor, and the angle of described shot point ray and geophone station ray, by formula α _map=scl* α _truecalculate the imaging angle at this imaging net point place, wherein, scl is that the varied angle of described depth value place imaging point shines upon scale factor, α _truefor the angle of described shot point ray and geophone station ray.

8. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described acquisition Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch, specifically comprises:

Pass through formula obtain Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch, wherein,

Δ a is Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch;

W ₀for the Gaussian beam original width preset;

ω _land ω _hbe respectively the minimum frequency in default bias parameter and maximum frequency.

9. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly utilizes described Depth Domain rate pattern to carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing, generates the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record, specifically comprises:

According to described Depth Domain rate pattern, respectively kinematics ray tracing and kinetics ray-tracing are carried out to each shot point in described seismologic record, generates the Gaussian beam of shot point in described seismologic record;

According to described Depth Domain rate pattern, respectively kinematics ray tracing and kinetics ray-tracing are carried out to each geophone station in described seismologic record, becomes the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record.

10. generate a device for angle gathers, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Set up module, for setting up Depth Domain rate pattern according to seismologic record;

Tracing module, for utilizing described Depth Domain rate pattern to carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing, generates the Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station in described seismologic record;

Generation module, shines upon scale factor for obtaining varied angle, utilizes shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam to carry out migration before stack and is summed into picture, shine upon scale factor, generate the angle gathers of described rate pattern according to cumulative imaging results and described varied angle.