CN107765298B - A kind of method and device of determining near-surface velocity model - Google Patents
A kind of method and device of determining near-surface velocity model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of method and device of determining near-surface velocity model.The described method includes: the first break picking time gathers；The speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in purpose work area is determined respectively；It include earth's surface grid and stratigraphic grid in default near surface grid model；It specifies CMP trace gather data to be grouped processing near surface seismic data, respectively obtains near migration range group trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data；The first arrival time of seismic channel near migration range group trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data is corrected respectively near migration range datum level and remote offset distance datum level；The speed of stratigraphic grid in default near surface grid model is determined with correction to the first arrival time after remote offset distance datum level after the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel, and correction near migration range datum level in speed, specified CMP trace gather data based on earth's surface grid.The precision of near-surface velocity model can be improved in technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application.
Description
Technical field
This application involves technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to the method for a kind of determining near-surface velocity model and
Device.
Background technique
In process of seismic data processing, static correction effect be an important factor for being directly related to final process quality of achievement it
One, and static correction effect is often depending on the precision of near-surface velocity model, it obtains closer to the fine close of truth
Earth's surface rate pattern is the basis of the static correction effect obtained.
Determine that the common method of near-surface velocity model is modelling at present, common data is mainly micro logging and small folding
It penetrates, it is the near-surface velocity information obtained on well or on measuring point using micro logging or little refraction data, is ground by interpolation
The near-surface velocity information for studying carefully each shot point in area, geophone station, since micro logging and little refraction method higher cost, production efficiency are low,
The limited amount of usual micro logging, causes the control point for interpolation than sparse, in the research area obtained so as to cause interpolation
Each shot point, geophone station near-surface velocity precision it is lower.To solve the above problems, researcher exploring always it is new, more
Effective near-surface velocity modeling method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a kind of method and device of determining near-surface velocity model, to improve near-earth
The precision of table rate pattern.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method and device of determining near-surface velocity model
It is achieved in that
A kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model, provides the near surface seismic data in purpose work area；Wherein, described
Near surface seismic data includes multiple CMP trace gather data；The described method includes:
The first break picking time gathers from the near surface seismic data；Wherein, the first arrival time set includes and institute
State the corresponding first arrival time of seismic channel in CMP trace gather data；
Based on the first arrival time set, earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in the purpose work area is determined
Speed；It wherein, include earth's surface grid and stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model；The earth's surface grid representation institute
State the grid in default near surface grid model at landscape position；The stratigraphic grid indicates the default near surface grid
In landscape position grid below in model；CMP trace gather data are specified to be grouped place in the near surface seismic data
Reason, respectively obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather number
According to；
The first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data is corrected to the near migration range group trace gather number
According near migration range datum level, and the first arrival time of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data corrected to described
The far corresponding remote offset distance datum level of offset gather data；
The corresponding offset distance of seismic channel and school in speed, the specified CMP trace gather data based on the earth's surface grid
First arrival time and correction to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level just extremely after the near migration range datum level, really
The speed of stratigraphic grid in the fixed default near surface grid model.
In preferred embodiment, correct by the corresponding first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data to described
The corresponding near migration range datum level of near migration range group trace gather data, and by seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Before corresponding first arrival time corrects remote offset distance datum level corresponding to the remote offset gather data, the method is also
Include:
Based on the speed of the earth's surface grid, big gun is carried out to the first arrival time of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data
Well correction, the first arrival time after obtaining shot hole correction；
The shot point of the specified CMP trace gather data and geophone station are corrected to the specified CMP trace gather data concentrically
Elevation at point obtains the first first arrival time corresponding with the first arrival time after shot hole correction；
Smoothing processing is weighted to first first arrival time, the first arrival time after obtaining weighting smoothing processing；
The shot point of the specified CMP trace gather data and geophone station are corrected respectively to shot hole to correspondence shot point and inspection before correcting
The elevation of wave point obtains the second first arrival time corresponding with the first arrival time after the weighting smoothing processing；
Correspondingly, being corrected the second first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data respectively to described close
The corresponding near migration range datum level of offset distance group trace gather data, and by seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Second first arrival time corrects remote offset distance datum level corresponding to the remote offset gather data respectively.
In preferred embodiment, the speed based on the earth's surface grid, to seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data
First arrival time carries out shot hole correction, the first arrival time after obtaining shot hole correction, comprising:
Shot hole correction is carried out using first arrival time of following formula to a seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data,
First arrival time after obtaining the shot hole correction of the seismic channel:
Wherein,First arrival time after indicating the shot hole correction of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data,
Indicate in the default near surface grid model with earth's surface at the shot position of j-th of seismic channel of i-th of CMP trace gather data
The speed of grid, ti,jFirst arrival time before indicating the shot hole correction of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data.
In preferred embodiment, the first arrival time after the correction to the shot hole is weighted smoothing processing, and it is flat to obtain weighting
Sliding treated first arrival time, comprising:
When being established using following formula with the offset distance of seismic channel specified in the specified CMP trace gather data and the first first arrival
Between associated first object function:
Wherein, A (xi,j) indicate the functional value of the first object function, the xi,jIt indicates in i-th of CMP trace gather data
The offset distance of jth seismic channel, wi,k(xi,j) indicate by i-th of CMP trace gather data centered on j-th of seismic channel
The target track that is constituted of the seismic channel of front and back n concentrate the corresponding weight of k-th of seismic channel, xi,kIndicate that the target track is concentrated
The offset distance of k-th of seismic channel, L indicate that the target track the distance between concentrates each seismic channel respectively with j-th of seismic channel
In maximum distance, ti,kIndicate that the target track concentrates the first first arrival time of k-th of seismic channel, c0Indicate the first fitting system
Number, c1Indicate the second fitting coefficient；Wherein, the target trace gather is in the specified CMP trace gather data with the specified earthquake
The set that the seismic channel of front and back n centered on road is constituted；
The value of first fitting coefficient and the value of second fitting coefficient are determined, so that the first object function
Functional value it is minimum；
The value of value and second fitting coefficient based on first fitting coefficient, determines the mesh using following formula
Mark the fitting first arrival time of a seismic channel in trace gather:
Wherein,Indicate that the target track concentrates the fitting first arrival time of k-th of seismic channel；
When the target track concentrates the absolute value of the fitting first arrival time of a seismic channel and the difference of the first first arrival time
When greater than specified discrepancy threshold, the corresponding weight of the seismic channel is replaced with 0, and redefine first fitting coefficient
The value of value and second fitting coefficient, so that the functional value of the first object function is minimum；
The value of value and the second fitting coefficient based on the first fitting coefficient redefined, obtains the specified seismic channel
New fitting first arrival time, and using the new fitting first arrival time as the weighting smoothing processing of the specified seismic channel after
First arrival time.
It is described to be based on the first arrival time set in preferred embodiment, determine the default near surface grid in the purpose work area
The speed of earth's surface grid in model, comprising:
Seismic channel in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of the CMP trace gather data is chosen in the first arrival time set
First arrival time；The seismic channel institute that nearly shot point trace gather data are specified for offset distance range in any CMP trace gather at 0~100 meter
The trace gather data of composition；
According to the first arrival time of seismic channel in the specified nearly shot point collection data of the CMP trace gather data, the purpose is determined
The speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in work area.
In preferred embodiment, the first arrival of seismic channel in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data according to the CMP trace gather data
Time determines the speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in the purpose work area, comprising:
The inspection point center in the default near surface grid model with a CMP trace gather data is calculated using following formula
The speed of the corresponding earth's surface grid in position:
Wherein,Indicate the inspection point centre bit in the default near surface grid model with i-th of CMP trace gather data
Set the speed of corresponding earth's surface grid, xi,j'Indicate jth in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data '
The offset distance of a seismic channel, ti,j'Indicate jth in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data ' a seismic channel
First arrival time, N indicate i-th of CMP trace gather data specified nearly shot point trace gather data in seismic channel quantity；
Based on earth's surface net corresponding with the inspection point center of CMP trace gather data in the default near surface grid model
The speed of lattice determines the speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model using the method for inverse distance weighted interpolation.
It is described to specify CMP trace gather data to be grouped processing in the near surface seismic data in preferred embodiment, respectively
It obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data, comprising:
Determine the critical offsets of the specified CMP trace gather data away from；Wherein, the critical offset is away from for the specified CMP
The preliminary wave that trace gather data are recorded corresponding offset distance when being changed into refracted wave by bow-tie, the bow-tie indicate ray
Path is the preliminary wave of arc-shaped feature, and the refracted wave indicates that ray path is the preliminary wave of polyline shaped feature；
With the critical offset away from for separation, CMP trace gather data are specified to divide in the near surface seismic data
Group processing, respectively obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather
Data；Wherein, the near migration range group trace gather data be in the specified CMP trace gather data offset distance be 0 to it is described it is critical partially
Move away from seismic channel data, the remote offset distance group trace gather data are that offset distance is described faces in the specified CMP trace gather data
Boundary's offset distance to maximum offset seismic channel data.
In preferred embodiment, the first arrival time by seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data is corrected to described close
The near migration range datum level of offset distance group trace gather data, comprising:
The inspection of big gun in the purpose work area is obtained to the elevation of central point；Wherein, the shot point in the purpose work area, geophone station
It examines with big gun to one-to-one correspondence；
It is examined pair for big guns multiple in purpose work area inspection centering specified big gun corresponding with the specified CMP trace gather data,
Using the specified big gun inspection to the elevation of central point as the elevation with the near migration range datum level；
The first arrival time of a seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data is corrected to described using following formula
The near migration range datum level of near migration range group trace gather data:
Wherein,It indicates to correct to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level,Indicate i-th of road CMP
Collect jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of datanearThe first arrival time of a seismic channel, ElevsAnd ElevrRespectively indicate i-th
Jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of a CMP trace gather datanearThe elevation of a seismic channel corresponding shot point and geophone station,WithRespectively indicate jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather datanearThe corresponding big gun of a seismic channel
The speed of earth's surface grid at point and geophone station position, datumnearIndicate the elevation of the near migration range datum level.
In preferred embodiment, the first arrival time by seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data is corrected to described remote
The corresponding remote offset distance datum level of offset gather data, comprising:
Obtain the elevation of shot point and the elevation of geophone station in the purpose work area；
Using the average value of the elevation of the corresponding shot point of seismic channel and geophone station in the remote offset distance group trace gather data as
The elevation of the remote offset distance datum level；
The first arrival time of a seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data is corrected to described using following formula
The remote offset distance datum level of remote offset distance group trace gather data:
Wherein,It indicates to correct to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level,Indicate i-th of road CMP
Collect jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of datafarThe first arrival time of a seismic channel, Elevs'And Elevr'Respectively indicate i-th
Jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of a CMP trace gather datafarThe elevation of a seismic channel corresponding shot point and geophone station,WithRespectively indicate jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather datafarThe corresponding big gun of a seismic channel
The speed of earth's surface grid at point and geophone station position, datumfarIndicate the elevation of the remote offset distance datum level.
In preferred embodiment, seismic channel is corresponding in the speed based on the earth's surface grid, the specified CMP trace gather data
Offset distance, and correction to after the near migration range datum level first arrival time and correction to the remote offset distance datum level
First arrival time afterwards determines the speed of stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model, comprising:
Based on the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, and correct to the near migration range base
First arrival time and correction behind quasi- face determine the specified CMP trace gather number to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level
According to the corresponding fit slope of middle seismic channel；Wherein, the fit slope expression is obtained according to the first arrival time of seismic channel with offset distance
The slope of the fitting a straight line arrived；
By the inverse of the corresponding fit slope in seismic target earthquakes road in the specified CMP trace gather data, as the target
Shake the speed at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point in road；Wherein, the seismic target earthquakes road is the specified CMP trace gather data
In any seismic channel, the preliminary wave transfer point indicates the direction of propagation of the preliminary wave excited from shot point by propagating conversion downwards
Mutually to upload sowing time corresponding turning point；
Seismic channel is corresponding in speed, the fit slope, the specified CMP trace gather data based on the earth's surface grid
Offset distance, and correction to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level and are corrected to the remote offset distance datum level
First arrival time, determine the ground layer depth in the specified CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of seismic channel
Degree；
In the default near surface grid model on depth of stratum direction, at the determining and preliminary wave position of conversion point
The corresponding specified grid of depth of stratum, and using the speed at the preliminary wave position of conversion point as the specified grid
Speed；
The speed of speed and the specified grid based on the earth's surface grid, it is true using the method for inverse distance weighted interpolation
The speed of target gridding in the fixed default near surface grid model；Wherein, the target gridding indicates the default near surface
The grid of velocity amplitude is not determined in grid model.
It is described based on the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data in preferred embodiment, and correction is extremely
First arrival time and correction after the near migration range datum level determine institute to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level
State the corresponding fit slope of seismic channel in specified CMP trace gather data, comprising:
It establishes and the offset distance of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data and corrects to benchmark using following formula
Associated second objective function of first arrival time behind face:
Wherein, B (xi,j) indicate the functional value of second objective function, the xi,jIt indicates in i-th of CMP trace gather data
The offset distance of jth seismic channel, xi,k'Indicate the front and back n in i-th of CMP trace gather data centered on j-th of seismic channel
The target track that a seismic channel is constituted concentrates the offset distance of kth ' a seismic channel, and M indicates that the target track concentrates the number of seismic channel
Amount, ti,k'Indicate that the target track concentrates the first arrival time after the correction to datum level of kth ' a seismic channel, pi,jIt indicates i-th
The corresponding fit slope of j-th of seismic channel in CMP trace gather data,Indicate the target trace gather corresponding fitting intercept time；
Wherein, the correction to the first arrival time after datum level is described corrects to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level
Or the correction is to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level；
The fit slope of the seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data is determined, so that second objective function
Functional value it is minimum.
In preferred embodiment,
The corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of a seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data is determined using following formula
The depth of stratum at place:
Wherein,Indicate the ground in i-th of CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of j-th of seismic channel
Layer depth, datumi,jIndicate the elevation of the datum level of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data, xi,jWithRespectively
It indicates the offset distance of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data and corrects to the first arrival after the datum level of j-th of seismic channel
Time, pi,jIndicate the corresponding fit slope of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data,Indicate the default near-earth
The speed of earth's surface grid corresponding with the inspection point center of i-th of CMP trace gather data in table grid model；Wherein, when
When j-th of seismic channel is in the near migration range group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data in i-th of CMP trace gather data, jth
The datum level of a seismic channel is the near migration range datum level of i-th of CMP trace gather data；When j-th in i-th of CMP trace gather data
When seismic channel is in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data, the datum level of j-th of seismic channel is i-th
The remote offset distance datum level of CMP trace gather data.
In preferred embodiment,
Specified grid corresponding with the depth of stratum at the preliminary wave position of conversion point is determined using following formula:
Wherein,It indicates in i-th of CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of j-th of seismic channel
Depth of stratum, gridlIndicate that the default near surface grid model is examined in the big gun of i-th of CMP trace gather data to center
Place, first of grid along depth of stratum direction, i.e., the described specified grid, S indicate the default near surface grid model in depth
The starting depth of stratum in direction is spent, d indicates the default near surface grid model two neighboring grid element center in the depth direction
The distance between；Wherein, the starting depth of stratum indicates the starting position coordinates of the depth direction from earth's surface to underground.
A kind of device of determining near-surface velocity model, described device provide the near surface seismic data in purpose work area；Its
In, institute's near surface seismic data includes multiple CMP trace gather data；Described device includes: first arrival time pickup model, earth's surface net
Lattice speed determination module, PHM packet handling module, correction module and near surface Grid Velocity determining module；Wherein,
The first arrival time pickup model, for the first break picking time set from the near surface seismic data；Wherein,
The first arrival time set includes first arrival time corresponding with the seismic channel in each CMP trace gather data；
The earth's surface Grid Velocity determining module determines the purpose work area for being based on the first arrival time set
The speed of earth's surface grid in default near surface grid model；It wherein, include earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model
And stratigraphic grid；The grid near surface grid model at landscape position is preset described in the earth's surface grid representation；Describedly
It presets near surface grid model described in layer grid representation in landscape position grid below；
The PHM packet handling module, for specifying CMP trace gather data to be grouped place in the near surface seismic data
Reason, respectively obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather number
According to；
The correction module, for correcting the first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data to described
The near migration range datum level of near migration range group trace gather data, and by the remote offset distance group trace gather data seismic channel just
To time adjustment to the corresponding remote offset distance datum level of the remote offset gather data；
The near surface Grid Velocity determining module, for speed, the specified CMP trace gather based on the earth's surface grid
The corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in data, and correction to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level and are corrected to institute
First arrival time after stating remote offset distance datum level determines the speed of stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method and device of determining near-surface velocity model, the determining near surface speed
The embodiment of the method for spending model, the first break picking time gathers from the near surface seismic data；Wherein, the first arrival time
Set includes first arrival time corresponding with the seismic channel in the CMP trace gather data；Based on the first arrival time set, respectively
Determine the speed of each earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in the purpose work area；Wherein, the default near surface
It include earth's surface grid and stratigraphic grid in grid model；Described in the earth's surface grid representation preset near surface grid model in
Grid at landscape position；The stratigraphic grid indicates in the default near surface grid model in landscape position net below
Lattice；It specifies CMP trace gather data to be grouped processing in the near surface seismic data, respectively obtains and the specified road CMP
Collect the corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of data and remote offset distance group trace gather data；By the near migration range group trace gather data
The first arrival time of middle seismic channel is corrected to the near migration range datum level of the near migration range group trace gather data, and will be described remote
The first arrival time of seismic channel corrects remote offset distance base corresponding to the remote offset gather data in offset distance group trace gather data
Quasi- face；In this way, the accuracy of the first arrival time after corrected is higher, finally, the speed based on the earth's surface grid, described
The corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in specified CMP trace gather data, and correct to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level
With correction to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level, the determined default near surface grid model can be improved
The precision of the speed of middle stratigraphic grid, it is thus possible to improve the precision of near-surface velocity model.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The some embodiments recorded in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise of not making the creative labor property
Under, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the embodiment of the method for determining near-surface velocity model of the application；
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the near-surface velocity model obtained in the embodiment of the present application using the application method；
Fig. 3 be the near-surface velocity model that is obtained based on the application method obtain after static correction divide offset distance to be superimposed
Imaging results diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 4 is the composite structural diagram for the Installation practice that the application determines near-surface velocity model.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method and device of determining near-surface velocity model.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, below in conjunction with the application reality
The attached drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example is merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the present application.Based on the embodiment in the application, this field is general
Logical technical staff every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, all should belong to the application
The range of protection.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model.The method provides purpose work area
Near surface seismic data and the corresponding spatial dimension of the near surface seismic data.Wherein, the near surface seismic data packet
Include multiple CMP trace gather data.
In one embodiment, the purpose work area may include: multiple shot points and multiple geophone stations.Shot point, detection
Point is with big gun inspection to one-to-one correspondence.
In one embodiment, the near surface seismic data is 0~200 milli in the seismic data in the purpose work area
Sampling time corresponding seismic data between second.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the embodiment of the method for determining near-surface velocity model of the application.As described in Figure 1, described
The method for determining near-surface velocity model, includes the following steps.
Step S101: the first break picking time gathers from the near surface seismic data；Wherein, the first arrival time set
It may include first arrival time corresponding with the seismic channel in the CMP trace gather data.
In one embodiment, the first arrival time set can be picked up from the surface seismic data.Wherein, institute
Stating first arrival time set may include first arrival time corresponding with each seismic channel in each CMP trace gather data.
Step S102: it is based on the first arrival time set, determines the default near surface grid mould in the purpose work area respectively
The speed of earth's surface grid in type；It wherein, include earth's surface grid and stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model；It is described
The grid near surface grid model at landscape position is preset described in earth's surface grid representation；Described in the stratigraphic grid expression
In landscape position grid below in default near surface grid model.
It in one embodiment, can be by the near-earth in the purpose work area during establishing near-surface velocity model
The geologic body of table section is modeled as three-dimensional grid model, i.e., the described default near surface grid model.The near surface region can be with
Indicate the sampling time corresponding geologic province in the seismic data in the purpose work area between 0~200 millisecond.It is described default
Near surface grid model may include: main profile direction, cross-track direction and depth of stratum direction.Three directions two
Two is vertical.Wherein, the main profile direction and the cross-track direction are parallel to the horizontal plane, the depth of stratum direction
With horizontal plane.The default near surface grid model is made of the three-dimensional grid all the same of size on three directions.Institute
The spacing stated on the depth of stratum direction of default near surface grid model between two neighboring net center of a lattice can be 5~10
Rice.
It in one embodiment, may include earth's surface grid and stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model.
Wherein, the grid near surface grid model at landscape position is preset described in the earth's surface grid representation.The stratigraphic grid
It indicates in the default near surface grid model in landscape position grid below.
In one embodiment, it is based on the first arrival time set, determines the default near surface net in the purpose work area
The speed of earth's surface grid, can specifically include in lattice model, and each CMP trace gather can be chosen in the first arrival time set
The first arrival time of each seismic channel in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of data.Wherein, described to specify nearly shot point trace gather data
Think the trace gather data that offset distance range in any CMP trace gather is constituted in 0~100 meter of seismic channel.According to each described
The first arrival time of each seismic channel, can determine the purpose work respectively in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of CMP trace gather data
The speed of each earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in area.
In one embodiment, according in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of each CMP trace gather data eachly
The first arrival time for shaking road, determines the speed of each earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in the purpose work area respectively,
Can specifically include, can be calculated using following formula in the default near surface grid model with CMP trace gather data
The speed of the corresponding earth's surface grid in inspection point center:
Wherein,Indicate the inspection point centre bit in the default near surface grid model with i-th of CMP trace gather data
Set the speed of corresponding earth's surface grid, xi,j'Indicate jth in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data '
The offset distance of a seismic channel, ti,j'Indicate jth in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data ' a seismic channel
First arrival time, N indicate i-th of CMP trace gather data specified nearly shot point trace gather data in seismic channel quantity.Based on described
The speed of earth's surface grid corresponding with the inspection point center of each CMP trace gather data in default near surface grid model
Degree can determine each earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model using the method for inverse distance weighted interpolation respectively
Speed.
Step S103: in the near surface seismic data specify CMP trace gather data be grouped processing, respectively obtain and
The corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of specified CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data.
In one embodiment, the specified CMP trace gather data can be any CMP trace gather number in the seismic data
According to.
In one embodiment, CMP trace gather data are specified to be grouped processing in the near surface seismic data, point
Do not obtain with the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data, specifically
May include can determine the critical offsets of the specified CMP trace gather data away from.Wherein, the critical offset is away from for the finger
Determining corresponding offset distance, the bow-tie when preliminary wave that CMP trace gather data are recorded is changed into refracted wave by bow-tie indicates
Ray path is the preliminary wave of arc-shaped feature, and the refracted wave indicates that ray path is the preliminary wave of polyline shaped feature.It can be with
With the critical offset away from for separation, CMP trace gather data are specified to be grouped processing in the near surface seismic data,
It respectively obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data.Its
In, the near migration range group trace gather data be in the specified CMP trace gather data offset distance be 0 to the critical offset away from
Seismic channel data, the remote offset distance group trace gather data are that offset distance is the critical offset in the specified CMP trace gather data
Away from the seismic channel data to maximum offset.
In one embodiment, preliminary wave refers in the seismic data in the purpose work area, from the ground in purpose work area
Shot point on table sets out, and reaches the seismic wave of the geophone station in the earth's surface in purpose work area at first.
Step S104: the first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data is corrected to the near migration range
The near migration range datum level of group trace gather data, and by the first arrival time school of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Just to the corresponding remote offset distance datum level of the remote offset gather data.
In one embodiment, the first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data is corrected to described
The near migration range datum level of near migration range group trace gather data, can specifically include, each big gun in the available purpose work area
Examine the elevation to central point.Wherein, the shot point in the purpose work area, geophone station and big gun inspection are to one-to-one correspondence.For the mesh
Work area in multiple big guns inspection centerings specified big gun inspection pair corresponding with the specified CMP trace gather data, can be by the specified big gun inspection
To the elevation of central point as the elevation with the near migration range datum level.Following formula can be used the near migration range
The first arrival time of a seismic channel is corrected to the near migration range benchmark of the near migration range group trace gather data in group trace gather data
Face:
Wherein,It indicates to correct to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level,Indicate i-th of road CMP
Collect jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of datanearThe first arrival time of a seismic channel, ElevsAnd ElevrRespectively indicate i-th
Jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of a CMP trace gather datanearThe elevation of a seismic channel corresponding shot point and geophone station,WithRespectively indicate jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather datanearThe corresponding big gun of a seismic channel
The speed of earth's surface grid at point and geophone station position, datumnearIndicate the elevation of the near migration range datum level.
In one embodiment, the first arrival time of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data is corrected to described
The far corresponding remote offset distance datum level of offset gather data, can specifically include, each in the available purpose work area
The elevation of the elevation of the shot point and each geophone station.It can be by each earthquake in the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Elevation of the average value of the elevation of the corresponding shot point in road and geophone station as the remote offset distance datum level.It can use
Following formula correct the first arrival time of a seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data to the remote offset distance group road
Collect the remote offset distance datum level of data:
Wherein,It indicates to correct to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level,Indicate i-th of CMP trace gather
Jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of datafarThe first arrival time of a seismic channel, Elevs'And Elevr'It respectively indicates i-th
Jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of CMP trace gather datafarThe elevation of a seismic channel corresponding shot point and geophone station,
WithRespectively indicate jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather datafarThe corresponding shot point of a seismic channel and
The speed of earth's surface grid at geophone station position, datumfarIndicate the elevation of the remote offset distance datum level.
Step S105: the corresponding offset of seismic channel in speed, the specified CMP trace gather data based on the earth's surface grid
Away from, and correct to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level and correct to first after the remote offset distance datum level
To the time, the speed of each grid in the default near surface grid model is determined.
In one embodiment, each in the speed, the specified CMP trace gather data based on each earth's surface grid
The corresponding offset distance of seismic channel and it is described correction to after the near migration range datum level first arrival time and it is described correction extremely
First arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level determines the speed of each grid in the default near surface grid model, tool
Body may comprise steps of:
(1) based on the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel each in the specified CMP trace gather data and the correction to described
First arrival time and the correction after near migration range datum level determine institute to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level
State the corresponding fit slope of each seismic channel in specified CMP trace gather data；Wherein, the fit slope indicates base area
The slope for the fitting a straight line that the first arrival time and offset distance for shaking road obtain；
(2) by the inverse of the corresponding fit slope in seismic target earthquakes road in the specified CMP trace gather data, as the target
Speed at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of seismic channel；Wherein, the seismic target earthquakes road is the specified CMP trace gather number
Any seismic channel in, the preliminary wave transfer point indicate that the direction of propagation of the preliminary wave excited from shot point is turned by propagating downwards
It is changed to and mutually uploads sowing time corresponding turning point；
(3) each in the speed, the fit slope, the specified CMP trace gather data based on each earth's surface grid
The corresponding offset distance of seismic channel and it is described correction to after the near migration range datum level first arrival time and it is described correction extremely
First arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level determines the corresponding first arrival of each seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data
Depth of stratum at wave position of conversion point；
(4) determining to convert point with the preliminary wave in the default near surface grid model on depth of stratum direction
The corresponding specified grid of depth of stratum at place is set, and using the speed at the preliminary wave position of conversion point as the specified net
The speed of lattice；
(5) speed of speed and the specified grid based on each earth's surface grid, using inverse distance weighted interpolation
Method determine the speed of target gridding in the default near surface grid model；Wherein, the target gridding indicates described pre-
If the grid of velocity amplitude is not determined near surface grid model.It is thus possible to obtain the ground of the default near surface grid model
The speed of layer grid can determine institute according to the speed of the earth's surface grid of the default near surface grid model and stratigraphic grid
State the near-surface velocity model in purpose work area.
In one embodiment, based on the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel each in the specified CMP trace gather data, and
It is described correction to after the near migration range datum level first arrival time and it is described correction to after the remote offset distance datum level just
To the time, determines the corresponding fit slope of each seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, can specifically include, it can
After using the offset distance and correction to datum level of a seismic channel in the foundation of following formula and the specified CMP trace gather data
Associated second objective function of first arrival time:
Wherein, B (xi,j) indicate the functional value of second objective function, the xi,jIt indicates in i-th of CMP trace gather data
The offset distance of jth seismic channel, xi,k'Indicate the front and back n in i-th of CMP trace gather data centered on j-th of seismic channel
The target track that a seismic channel is constituted concentrates the offset distance of kth ' a seismic channel, and M indicates that the target track concentrates the number of seismic channel
Amount, ti,k'Indicate that the target track concentrates the first arrival time after the correction to datum level of kth ' a seismic channel, pi,jIt indicates i-th
The corresponding fit slope of j-th of seismic channel in CMP trace gather data,Indicate the target trace gather corresponding fitting intercept time；
Wherein, the correction to the first arrival time after datum level is described corrects to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level
Or the correction is to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level.It can determine the ground in the specified CMP trace gather data
The fit slope in road is shaken, so that the functional value of second objective function is minimum.
In one embodiment, a seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data can be determined using following formula
Depth of stratum at corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point:
Wherein,It indicates in i-th of CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of j-th of seismic channel
Depth of stratum, datumi,jIndicate the elevation of the datum level of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data, xi,jWithPoint
The offset distance of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data is not indicated and is corrected to first after the datum level of j-th of seismic channel
To time, pi,jIndicate the corresponding fit slope of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data,Indicate described default close
The speed of earth's surface grid corresponding with the inspection point center of i-th of CMP trace gather data in earth's surface grid model；Wherein,
When j-th of seismic channel is in the near migration range group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data in i-th of CMP trace gather data, the
The datum level of j seismic channel is the near migration range datum level of i-th of CMP trace gather data；When jth in i-th of CMP trace gather data
When a seismic channel is in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data, the datum level of j-th of seismic channel is i-th
The remote offset distance datum level of a CMP trace gather data.
It in one embodiment, can be using the determining ground layer depth at the preliminary wave position of conversion point of following formula
Spend corresponding specified grid:
Wherein,Indicate the ground in i-th of CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of j-th of seismic channel
Layer depth, gridlIndicate that the default near surface grid model is examined in the big gun of i-th of CMP trace gather data to center position,
First of grid along depth of stratum direction, i.e., the described specified grid, S indicate the default near surface grid model in depth side
To starting depth of stratum, symbol [] indicates the oeprator of downward round numbers, for example, the numerical value in the symbol is 10.6,
Then the numerical value after downward round numbers is 11；D indicates the default near surface grid model two neighboring grid in the depth direction
The distance between center；Wherein, the starting depth of stratum indicates that the initial position of the depth direction from earth's surface to underground is sat
Mark.
In another embodiment, by the corresponding first arrival time school of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data
Just to the corresponding near migration range datum level of the near migration range group trace gather data, and by the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Before the corresponding first arrival time of middle seismic channel corrects remote offset distance datum level corresponding to the remote offset gather data, institute
The method of stating can also include: the speed based on each earth's surface grid, respectively to each in the specified CMP trace gather data
The first arrival time of seismic channel carries out shot hole correction, the first arrival time after obtaining shot hole correction；It, will be described specified after shot hole correction
The shot point and geophone station of CMP trace gather data are corrected to the elevation at the common point of the specified CMP trace gather data, obtain with
Corresponding first first arrival time of first arrival time after the shot hole correction；Smooth place is weighted to first first arrival time
Reason, the first arrival time after obtaining weighting smoothing processing；After weighting smoothing processing, by the shot point of the specified CMP trace gather data and
Geophone station correct respectively to shot hole correction before correspondence shot point and geophone station elevation, obtain with after the weighting smoothing processing
Corresponding second first arrival time of first arrival time；Correspondingly, by of each seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data
Two first arrival times correct near migration range datum level corresponding to the near migration range group trace gather data respectively, and will be described remote
The second first arrival time of each seismic channel corrects corresponding to the remote offset gather data respectively in offset distance group trace gather data
Remote offset distance datum level.
In one embodiment, the speed based on each earth's surface grid, respectively to the specified CMP trace gather data
In each seismic channel first arrival time carry out shot hole correction, obtain shot hole correction after first arrival time, can specifically include, can
To carry out shot hole correction using first arrival time of following formula to a seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, it is somebody's turn to do
First arrival time after the shot hole correction of seismic channel:
Wherein,First arrival time after indicating the shot hole correction of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data,
Indicate in the default near surface grid model with earth's surface at the shot position of j-th of seismic channel of i-th of CMP trace gather data
The speed of grid, ti,jFirst arrival time before indicating the shot hole correction of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data.
In one embodiment, smoothing processing is weighted to the first arrival time after shot hole correction, is weighted
First arrival time after smoothing processing, can specifically include, and can be established and the specified CMP trace gather data using following formula
In specify seismic channel offset distance and the associated first object function of the first first arrival time:
Wherein, A (xi,j) indicate the functional value of the first object function, the xi,jIt indicates in i-th of CMP trace gather data
The offset distance of jth seismic channel, wi,k(xi,j) indicate by i-th of CMP trace gather data centered on j-th of seismic channel
The target track that is constituted of the seismic channel of front and back n concentrate the corresponding weight of k-th of seismic channel, xi,kIndicate that the target track is concentrated
The offset distance of k-th of seismic channel, L indicate that the target track the distance between concentrates each seismic channel respectively with j-th of seismic channel
In maximum distance, ti,kIndicate that the target track concentrates the first first arrival time of k-th of seismic channel, c0Indicate the first fitting system
Number, c1Indicate the second fitting coefficient；Wherein, the target trace gather is in the specified CMP trace gather data with the specified earthquake
The set that the seismic channel of front and back n centered on road is constituted.The value and described second that can determine first fitting coefficient are intended
The value of collaboration number, so that the functional value of the first object function is minimum.Value based on first fitting coefficient and described
The value of second fitting coefficient can determine that the target track concentrates the fitting first arrival time of a seismic channel using following formula:
Wherein,Indicate that the target track concentrates the fitting first arrival time of k-th of seismic channel.When the target track concentrates one
When the absolute value of the difference of the fitting first arrival time and the first first arrival time of a seismic channel is greater than specified discrepancy threshold, by the ground
The corresponding weight in shake road replaces with 0, and redefines the value of first fitting coefficient and the value of second fitting coefficient,
So that the functional value of the first object function is minimum.Value and the second fitting based on the first fitting coefficient redefined
The value of coefficient obtains the new fitting first arrival time of the specified seismic channel, and using the new fitting first arrival time as institute
First arrival time after stating the weighting smoothing processing of specified seismic channel.
For example, Fig. 2 is the section signal of the near-surface velocity model obtained in the embodiment of the present application using the application method
Figure.Gray value in Fig. 2 indicates the numerical value of near-surface velocity.Fig. 3 is the near-surface velocity model obtained based on the application method
Carry out the diagrammatic cross-section of the imaging results for dividing offset distance to be superimposed obtained after static correction.Wherein, dividing offset distance range includes: 0
~1000 meters, 1000~2000 meters and 2000~4000 meters.As shown in figure 3, the near-surface velocity obtained based on the application method
Model carries out in the imaging results for dividing offset distance to be superimposed obtained after static correction, and difference is divided between offset distance range stacked section
Axis in the same direction it is more continuous, show that the precision of the near-surface velocity model obtained based on the application method is higher, can solve base
The problem of quasi- face static correction.
The embodiment of the method for the determining near-surface velocity model, the first break picking time from the near surface seismic data
Set；Wherein, the first arrival time set includes first arrival time corresponding with the seismic channel in the CMP trace gather data；It is based on
The first arrival time set determines the speed of each earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in the purpose work area respectively
Degree；It wherein, include earth's surface grid and stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model；Described in the earth's surface grid representation
Grid in default near surface grid model at landscape position；The stratigraphic grid indicates the default near surface grid mould
In landscape position grid below in type；CMP trace gather data are specified to be grouped processing in the near surface seismic data,
It respectively obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data；It will
The first arrival time of seismic channel is corrected to the nearly offset of the near migration range group trace gather data in the near migration range group trace gather data
It corrects away from datum level, and by the first arrival time of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data to the remote offset distance road
Collect the corresponding remote offset distance datum level of data；In this way, the accuracy of the first arrival time after corrected is higher, finally, being based on institute
State the speed of earth's surface grid, the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, and correction to it is described it is close partially
It moves away from the first arrival time after datum level and corrects to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level, can be improved and determine
The precision of the speed of stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model, it is thus possible to improve the essence of near-surface velocity model
Degree.
Fig. 4 is the composite structural diagram for the Installation practice that the application determines near-surface velocity model.Described device can mention
For the near surface seismic data in purpose work area.Wherein, institute's near surface seismic data includes multiple CMP trace gather data.Such as Fig. 4 institute
Show, the device of the determining near-surface velocity model may include: first arrival time pickup model 100, the determination of earth's surface Grid Velocity
Module 200, PHM packet handling module 300, correction module 400 and near surface Grid Velocity determining module 500.
The first arrival time pickup model 100 can be used for the first break picking time collection from the near surface seismic data
It closes；Wherein, the first arrival time set includes first arrival time corresponding with the seismic channel in each CMP trace gather data.
The earth's surface Grid Velocity determining module 200 can be used for determining the purpose based on the first arrival time set
The speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in work area；Wherein, include ground in the default near surface grid model
Table grid and stratigraphic grid；The grid near surface grid model at landscape position is preset described in the earth's surface grid representation；
The stratigraphic grid indicates in the default near surface grid model in landscape position grid below.
The PHM packet handling module 300 can be used for specifying CMP trace gather data to carry out in the near surface seismic data
Packet transaction respectively obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group road
Collect data.
The correction module 400 can be used for the first arrival time school of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data
Just to the near migration range datum level of the near migration range group trace gather data, and by the remote offset distance group trace gather data
The first arrival time in shake road corrects remote offset distance datum level corresponding to the remote offset gather data.
The near surface Grid Velocity determining module 500 can be used for speed based on the earth's surface grid, described specified
The corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in CMP trace gather data, and correction to after the near migration range datum level first arrival time and school
Just to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level, the speed of stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model is determined
Degree.
The Installation practice of the determining near-surface velocity model and the method for the determining near-surface velocity model are implemented
Example is corresponding, and the embodiment of the method for the determining near-surface velocity model, and the technology effect of adquisitiones embodiment may be implemented
Fruit.
In the 1990s, the improvement of a technology can be distinguished clearly be on hardware improvement (for example,
Improvement to circuit structures such as diode, transistor, switches) or software on improvement (improvement for method flow).So
And with the development of technology, the improvement of current many method flows can be considered as directly changing for hardware circuit
Into.Designer nearly all obtains corresponding hardware circuit knot by the way that improved method flow to be programmed into hardware circuit
Structure.Therefore, it cannot be said that the improvement of a method flow cannot be realized with hardware entities module.For example, programmable logic device
Part (Programmable Logic Device, PLD) (such as field programmable gate array (Field Programmable
Gate Array, FPGA)) it is exactly such a integrated circuit, logic function determines device programming by user.By designing
Personnel, which voluntarily program, to come a digital display circuit " integrated " on a piece of PLD, designed without asking chip maker and
Make dedicated IC chip.Moreover, nowadays, substitution manually makes IC chip, and this programming also changes mostly
It is realized with " logic compiler (logic compiler) " software, it and program development software compiler used when writing
It is similar, and the source code before compiling also write by handy specific programming language, this is referred to as hardware description language
(Hardware Description Language, HDL), and HDL is also not only a kind of, but there are many kind, such as ABEL
(Advanced Boolean Expression Language)、AHDL(Altera Hardware Description
Language)、 Confluence、CUPL(Cornell University Programming Language)、HDCal、
JHDL(Java Hardware Description Language)、Lava、Lola、MyHDL、PALASM、RHDL(Ruby
Hardware Description Language) etc., VHDL (Very-High-Speed is most generally used at present
Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog2.Those skilled in the art
It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that only needing method flow slightly programming in logic and being programmed into integrated circuit with above-mentioned several hardware description languages
In, so that it may it is readily available the hardware circuit for realizing the logical method process.
It is also known in the art that other than realizing controller in a manner of pure computer readable program code, it is complete
Entirely can by by method and step carry out programming in logic come so that controller with logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit, can compile
Journey logic controller realizes identical function with the form for being embedded in microcontroller etc..Therefore this controller is considered
A kind of hardware component, and the structure that the device for realizing various functions for including in it can also be considered as in hardware component.
Or even, can will be considered as realizing the device of various functions either the software module of implementation method can be again
Structure in hardware component.
The device or module that above-described embodiment illustrates can specifically realize by computer chip or entity, or by having
The product of certain function is realized.
For convenience of description, it is divided into various modules when description apparatus above with function to describe respectively.Certainly, implementing this
The function of each module can be realized in the same or multiple software and or hardware when application.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the application can
It realizes by means of software and necessary general hardware platform.Based on this understanding, the technical solution essence of the application
On in other words the part that contributes to existing technology can be embodied in the form of software products, typically match at one
In setting, calculating equipment includes one or more processors (CPU), input/output interface, network interface and memory.The computer
Software product may include some instructions use so that computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, or
Network equipment etc.) execute method described in certain parts of each embodiment of the application or embodiment.The computer software produces
Product can store in memory, and memory may include the non-volatile memory in computer-readable medium, random access memory
The forms such as device (RAM) and/or Nonvolatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM).Memory is to calculate
The example of machine readable medium.Computer-readable medium includes that permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media can be with
Realize that information is stored by any method or technique.Information can be computer readable instructions, data structure, the module of program
Or other data.The example of the storage medium of computer includes, but are not limited to phase change memory (PRAM), static random-access is deposited
Reservoir (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other kinds of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory
(ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory techniques, CD-ROM are read-only
Memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, tape magnetic disk storage or
Other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission medium, can be used for storage can be accessed by a computing device information.According to
Herein defines, and computer-readable medium does not include of short duration computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulation
Data-signal and carrier wave.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for device
For embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to method reality
Apply the part explanation of example.
The application can be used in numerous general or special purpose computing system environments or configuration.Such as: personal computer, clothes
Be engaged in device computer, handheld device or portable device, laptop device, multicomputer system, microprocessor-based system,
Set top box, programmable consumer-elcetronics devices, network PC, minicomputer, mainframe computer including any of the above system or
Distributed computing environment of equipment etc..
The application can describe in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program
Module.Generally, program module include routines performing specific tasks or implementing specific abstract data types, programs, objects,
Component, data structure etc..The application can also be practiced in a distributed computing environment, in these distributed computing environments,
By executing task by the connected remote processing devices of communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can
To be located in the local and remote computer storage media including storage equipment.
Although depicting the application by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application there are many deformation and
Variation is without departing from spirit herein, it is desirable to which the attached claims include these deformations and change without departing from the application
Spirit.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model, which is characterized in that provide the near surface seismic data in purpose work area；Its
In, the near surface seismic data includes multiple CMP trace gather data；The described method includes:
The first break picking time gathers from the near surface seismic data；Wherein, the first arrival time set includes and the CMP
The corresponding first arrival time of seismic channel in trace gather data；
Based on the first arrival time set, the speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in the purpose work area is determined
Degree；It wherein, include earth's surface grid and stratigraphic grid in the default near surface grid model；It is pre- described in the earth's surface grid representation
If the grid near surface grid model at landscape position；The stratigraphic grid indicates in the default near surface grid model
In landscape position grid below；CMP trace gather data are specified to be grouped processing in the near surface seismic data, respectively
To with the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data；
The first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data is corrected to the near migration range group trace gather data pair
The near migration range datum level answered, and the first arrival time of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data is corrected to described remote
The corresponding remote offset distance datum level of offset distance group trace gather data；
Based on the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, and correct to the near migration range datum level
First arrival time afterwards and correction determine in the specified CMP trace gather data to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level
The corresponding fit slope of seismic channel；Wherein, the fit slope expression is obtained according to the first arrival time and offset distance of seismic channel
The slope of fitting a straight line；By the inverse of the corresponding fit slope in seismic target earthquakes road in the specified CMP trace gather data, as described
Speed at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point in seismic target earthquakes road；Wherein, the seismic target earthquakes road is the specified CMP trace gather
Any seismic channel in data, the preliminary wave transfer point indicate that the direction of propagation of the preliminary wave excited from shot point is turned by propagating downwards
It is changed to corresponding turning point when upwardly propagating；Speed, the fit slope, the specified road CMP based on the earth's surface grid
Collect the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in data, and correction to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level and is corrected to institute
First arrival time after stating remote offset distance datum level determines the corresponding preliminary wave conversion of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data
Depth of stratum at point position；In the default near surface grid model on depth of stratum direction, the determining and preliminary wave
The corresponding specified grid of depth of stratum at position of conversion point, and using the speed at the preliminary wave position of conversion point as described in
The speed of specified grid；The speed of speed and the specified grid based on the earth's surface grid, using inverse distance weighted interpolation
Method determine the speed of target gridding in the default near surface grid model；Wherein, the target gridding indicates described pre-
If the grid of velocity amplitude is not determined near surface grid model.
2. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that will it is described it is close partially
It moves and corrects near migration range benchmark corresponding to the near migration range group trace gather data away from seismic channel first arrival time in group trace gather data
Face, and the first arrival time of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data is corrected to the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Before corresponding remote offset distance datum level, the method also includes:
Based on the speed of the earth's surface grid, shot hole school is carried out to the first arrival time of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data
Just, the first arrival time after obtaining shot hole correction；
The shot point of the specified CMP trace gather data and geophone station are corrected to the common point of the specified CMP trace gather data
Elevation, obtain corresponding first first arrival time of first arrival time after correcting with the shot hole；
Smoothing processing is weighted to first first arrival time, the first arrival time after obtaining weighting smoothing processing；
The shot point of the specified CMP trace gather data and geophone station are corrected respectively to the correspondence shot point and geophone station before shot hole correction
Elevation, obtain and corresponding second first arrival time of first arrival time after the weighting smoothing processing；
Correspondingly, being corrected the second first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data respectively to the nearly offset
Away from the corresponding near migration range datum level of group trace gather data, and will be at the beginning of second of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Correct remote offset distance datum level corresponding to the remote offset distance group trace gather data respectively to the time.
3. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described based on described
The speed of earth's surface grid carries out shot hole correction to the first arrival time of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, obtains shot hole school
First arrival time after just, comprising:
Shot hole correction is carried out using first arrival time of following formula to a seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, is obtained
First arrival time after the shot hole correction of the seismic channel:
Wherein,First arrival time after indicating the shot hole correction of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data,It indicates
In the default near surface grid model with earth's surface grid at the shot position of j-th of seismic channel of i-th of CMP trace gather data
Speed, ti,jFirst arrival time before indicating the shot hole correction of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data.
4. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described to described
One first arrival time is weighted smoothing processing, the first arrival time after obtaining weighting smoothing processing, comprising:
The offset distance and the first first arrival time phase with seismic channel specified in the specified CMP trace gather data are established using following formula
Associated first object function:
Wherein, A (xi,j) indicate the functional value of the first object function, the xi,jIndicate jth in i-th of CMP trace gather data
The offset distance of a seismic channel, wi,k(xi,j) indicate by i-th of CMP trace gather data centered on j-th of seismic channel before
The target track that n seismic channel is constituted afterwards concentrates the corresponding weight of k-th of seismic channel, xi,kIndicate that the target track is concentrated k-th
The offset distance of seismic channel, L indicate the target track concentrate each seismic channel respectively in the distance between j-th of seismic channel most
Big distance, ti,kIndicate that the target track concentrates the first first arrival time of k-th of seismic channel, c0Indicate the first fitting coefficient, c1Table
Show the second fitting coefficient；Wherein, the target trace gather be the specified CMP trace gather data in centered on the specified seismic channel
The set that is constituted of the seismic channel of front and back n；
The value of first fitting coefficient and the value of second fitting coefficient are determined, so that the letter of the first object function
Numerical value is minimum；
The value of value and second fitting coefficient based on first fitting coefficient, determines the target track using following formula
Concentrate the fitting first arrival time an of seismic channel:
Wherein,Indicate that the target track concentrates the fitting first arrival time of k-th of seismic channel；
When the target track concentrates the fitting first arrival time an of seismic channel and the absolute value of the difference of the first first arrival time to be greater than
When specified discrepancy threshold, the corresponding weight of the seismic channel is replaced with 0, and redefine value and the institute of first fitting coefficient
The value of the second fitting coefficient is stated, so that the functional value of the first object function is minimum；
The value of value and the second fitting coefficient based on the first fitting coefficient redefined obtains the new of the specified seismic channel
It is fitted first arrival time, and using the new fitting first arrival time as the first arrival after the weighting smoothing processing of the specified seismic channel
Time.
5. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described based on described
First arrival time set determines the speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in the purpose work area, comprising:
The first arrival of seismic channel in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of the CMP trace gather data is chosen in the first arrival time set
Time；It is described that nearly shot point trace gather data is specified to be made of offset distance range in any CMP trace gather in 0~100 meter of seismic channel
Trace gather data；
According to the first arrival time of seismic channel in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of the CMP trace gather data, the purpose work is determined
The speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model in area.
6. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described according to
The first arrival time of seismic channel, determines the default near-earth in the purpose work area in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of CMP trace gather data
The speed of earth's surface grid in table grid model, comprising:
The inspection point center in the default near surface grid model with a CMP trace gather data is calculated using following formula
The speed of corresponding earth's surface grid:
Wherein,Indicate the inspection point center phase in the default near surface grid model with i-th of CMP trace gather data
The speed of corresponding earth's surface grid, xi,j'Indicate jth in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data ' a earthquake
The offset distance in road, ti,j'When indicating the first arrival of jth in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data ' a seismic channel
Between, N indicates the quantity of seismic channel in the specified nearly shot point trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data；
Based on earth's surface grid corresponding with the inspection point center of CMP trace gather data in the default near surface grid model
Speed determines the speed of earth's surface grid in the default near surface grid model using the method for inverse distance weighted interpolation.
7. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to described close
It specifies CMP trace gather data to be grouped processing in surface seismic data, respectively obtains corresponding with the specified CMP trace gather data
Near migration range group trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data, comprising:
Determine the critical offsets of the specified CMP trace gather data away from；Wherein, the critical offset is away from for the specified CMP trace gather
The preliminary wave that data are recorded corresponding offset distance when being changed into refracted wave by bow-tie, the bow-tie indicate that ray path is
The preliminary wave of arc-shaped feature, the refracted wave indicate that ray path is the preliminary wave of polyline shaped feature；
With the critical offset away from for separation, CMP trace gather data are specified to be grouped place in the near surface seismic data
Reason, respectively obtains and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data；
Wherein, the near migration range group trace gather data be in the specified CMP trace gather data offset distance be 0 to the critical offset away from
Seismic channel data, the remote offset distance group trace gather data are that offset distance is the critical offset in the specified CMP trace gather data
Away from the seismic channel data to maximum offset.
8. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described will be described close
The first arrival time of seismic channel is corrected to the near migration range benchmark of the near migration range group trace gather data in offset distance group trace gather data
Face, comprising:
The inspection of big gun in the purpose work area is obtained to the elevation of central point；Wherein, shot point, geophone station and the big gun in the purpose work area
Inspection is to one-to-one correspondence；
It is examined pair for big guns multiple in purpose work area inspection centering specified big gun corresponding with the specified CMP trace gather data, by institute
Specified big gun inspection is stated to the elevation of central point as the elevation with the near migration range datum level；
The first arrival time of a seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data is corrected to described close inclined using following formula
Move the near migration range datum level away from group trace gather data:
Wherein,It indicates to correct to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level,Indicate i-th of CMP trace gather data
Near migration range group trace gather data in jthnearThe first arrival time of a seismic channel, ElevsAnd ElevrRespectively indicate i-th of road CMP
Collect jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of datanearThe elevation of a seismic channel corresponding shot point and geophone station,With
Respectively indicate jth in the near migration range group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather datanearThe corresponding shot point of a seismic channel and detection
The speed of earth's surface grid at point position, datumnearIndicate the elevation of the near migration range datum level.
9. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described will be described remote
The first arrival time of seismic channel corrects remote offset distance corresponding to the remote offset distance group trace gather data in offset distance group trace gather data
Datum level, comprising:
Obtain the elevation of shot point and the elevation of geophone station in the purpose work area；
Using the average value of the elevation of the corresponding shot point of seismic channel and geophone station in the remote offset distance group trace gather data as described in
The elevation of remote offset distance datum level；
The first arrival time of a seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data is corrected to described remote inclined using following formula
Move the remote offset distance datum level away from group trace gather data:
Wherein,It indicates to correct to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level,Indicate i-th of CMP trace gather data
Remote offset distance group trace gather data in jthfarThe first arrival time of a seismic channel, Elevs'And Elevr'Respectively indicate i-th of road CMP
Collect jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of datafarThe elevation of a seismic channel corresponding shot point and geophone station,WithPoint
Jth in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data is not indicatedfarThe corresponding shot point of a seismic channel and detection point
Set the speed of the earth's surface grid at place, datumfarIndicate the elevation of the remote offset distance datum level.
10. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be based on institute
State the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in specified CMP trace gather data, and when correction to first arrival after the near migration range datum level
Between and correction to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level, determine that seismic channel is corresponding in the specified CMP trace gather data
Fit slope, comprising:
After the offset distance and correction to datum level of a seismic channel in the foundation of following formula and the specified CMP trace gather data
Associated second objective function of first arrival time:
Wherein, B (xi,j) indicate the functional value of second objective function, the xi,jIndicate jth in i-th of CMP trace gather data
The offset distance of a seismic channel, xi,k'Indicate the ground of front and back n in i-th of CMP trace gather data centered on j-th of seismic channel
The offset distance that the target track that road is constituted concentrates kth ' a seismic channel is shaken, M indicates that the target track concentrates the quantity of seismic channel, ti,k'
Indicate that the target track concentrates the first arrival time after the correction to datum level of kth ' a seismic channel, pi,jIndicate i-th of CMP trace gather
The corresponding fit slope of j-th of seismic channel in data,Indicate the target trace gather corresponding fitting intercept time；Wherein, institute
State correction to the first arrival time after datum level be it is described correction to after the near migration range datum level first arrival time or the school
Just to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level；
The fit slope of the seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data is determined, so that the letter of second objective function
Numerical value is minimum.
11. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is determined in the specified CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of a seismic channel using following formula
Depth of stratum:
Wherein,Indicate the ground layer depth in i-th of CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of j-th of seismic channel
Degree, datumi,jIndicate the elevation of the datum level of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data, xi,jAnd ti,j datumIt respectively indicates
The offset distance of j-th of seismic channel and correction to the first arrival time after the datum level of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data,
pi,jIndicate the corresponding fit slope of j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data,Indicate the default near surface grid
The speed of earth's surface grid corresponding with the inspection point center of i-th of CMP trace gather data in model；Wherein, when i-th
When j-th of seismic channel is in the near migration range group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data in CMP trace gather data, j-th of earthquake
The datum level in road is the near migration range datum level of i-th of CMP trace gather data；When j-th of seismic channel in i-th of CMP trace gather data
When in the remote offset distance group trace gather data of i-th of CMP trace gather data, the datum level of j-th of seismic channel is i-th of CMP trace gather
The remote offset distance datum level of data.
12. a kind of method of determining near-surface velocity model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Specified grid corresponding with the depth of stratum at the preliminary wave position of conversion point is determined using following formula:
Wherein,Indicate the ground layer depth in i-th of CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of j-th of seismic channel
Degree, gridlIndicate that the default near surface grid model is examined in the big gun of i-th of CMP trace gather data to center position, along stratum
First of grid of depth direction, i.e., the described specified grid, S indicate the default near surface grid model rising in depth direction
Beginning depth of stratum, symbol [] indicate that the oeprator of downward round numbers, d indicate the default near surface grid model in depth
The distance between two neighboring grid element center on direction；Wherein, the starting depth of stratum indicates the depth from earth's surface to underground
The starting position coordinates in direction.
13. a kind of device of determining near-surface velocity model, which is characterized in that described device is with providing the near surface in purpose work area
Shake data；Wherein, institute's near surface seismic data includes multiple CMP trace gather data；Described device includes: that first arrival time picks up mould
Block, earth's surface Grid Velocity determining module, PHM packet handling module, correction module and near surface Grid Velocity determining module；Wherein,
The first arrival time pickup model, for the first break picking time set from the near surface seismic data；Wherein, described
First arrival time set includes first arrival time corresponding with the seismic channel in each CMP trace gather data；
The earth's surface Grid Velocity determining module determines the default of the purpose work area for being based on the first arrival time set
The speed of earth's surface grid near surface grid model；It wherein, include earth's surface grid and ground in the default near surface grid model
Layer grid；The grid near surface grid model at landscape position is preset described in the earth's surface grid representation；The stratum net
Lattice indicate in the default near surface grid model in landscape position grid below；
The PHM packet handling module, for specifying CMP trace gather data to be grouped processing in the near surface seismic data, point
It does not obtain and the specified corresponding near migration range group trace gather data of CMP trace gather data and remote offset distance group trace gather data；
The correction module, for correcting the first arrival time of seismic channel in the near migration range group trace gather data to described close inclined
It moves away from the corresponding near migration range datum level of group trace gather data, and by the first arrival of seismic channel in the remote offset distance group trace gather data
Time adjustment is to the corresponding remote offset distance datum level of the remote offset distance group trace gather data；
The near surface Grid Velocity determining module, for based on the corresponding offset of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data
Away from, and correct to the first arrival time after the near migration range datum level and correct to the first arrival after the remote offset distance datum level
Time determines the corresponding fit slope of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, wherein the fit slope indicates basis
The slope for the fitting a straight line that the first arrival time and offset distance of seismic channel obtain, and by target in the specified CMP trace gather data
The inverse for shaking the corresponding fit slope in road, as the speed at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point in the seismic target earthquakes road,
In, the seismic target earthquakes road is any seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, and the preliminary wave transfer point is indicated from shot point
The direction of propagation of the preliminary wave of excitation by propagate downwards be converted to upwardly propagate when corresponding turning point, and be based on the earth's surface net
The speed of lattice, the fit slope, the corresponding offset distance of seismic channel in the specified CMP trace gather data, and correction is to described
First arrival time and correction after near migration range datum level determine described specified to the first arrival time after the remote offset distance datum level
Depth of stratum in CMP trace gather data at the corresponding preliminary wave position of conversion point of seismic channel, and in the default near surface grid
In model on depth of stratum direction, specified grid corresponding with the depth of stratum at the preliminary wave position of conversion point is determined, and
Using the speed at the preliminary wave position of conversion point as the speed of the specified grid, and the speed based on the earth's surface grid
With the speed of the specified grid, target in the default near surface grid model is determined using the method for inverse distance weighted interpolation
The speed of grid, wherein the target gridding indicates the grid for not determining velocity amplitude in the default near surface grid model.
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| CN111435171B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2023-02-28 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Clock drift correction method and device for ocean bottom node seismic data and storage medium |
| CN112305599A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-02 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | High-density wide-azimuth seismic data classification method and device |
| CN110426736B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2020-04-07 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Offset gather acquisition method and device |
| CN113917523A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Small array interpretation method for continuous data collected by node station |
| CN112684499B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-12-06 | 南方科技大学 | Seismic wave simulation analysis method, storage medium and equipment |
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