CN105353406B - A kind of method and apparatus for generating angle gathers - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus for generating angle gathers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of method and apparatus for generating angle gathers, belongs to technical field of geophysical exploration.Methods described includes：Depth Domain rate pattern is established according to earthquake record；Gaussian beam ray tracing is carried out using the Depth Domain rate pattern, generates the Gaussian beam of the Gaussian beam of shot point and geophone station in the earthquake record；Obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, carrying out migration before stack using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam is summed into picture, shines upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and the varied angle, generates the angle gathers of the rate pattern.The problem of method and apparatus of the embodiment of the present application can overcome the increase with depth, and the lineups of imaging point shorten and resolution ratio declines, can be such that shallow-layer imaging point and the lineups of imaging deep point are consistent in the horizontal, and keep identical resolution ratio.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to technical field of geophysical exploration, more particularly to a kind of method and apparatus for generating angle gathers.
Background technology
Very important parameter during spread speed of the seismic wave in underground medium is seismic data process and explained.Pass through
The spread speed of seismic wave is analyzed, the rate pattern in work area can be obtained.In the case of work area rate pattern is accurate, to earthquake
Data, which carry out the common imaging gather (CIG) that pre-stack depth migration handles to obtain, can preferably reflect subsurface structure feature.Cause
This, it is the necessary condition that geological data is correctly imaged accurately and reliably to carry out velocity analysis.In actual applications, can be with
By analyzing " glacing flatness " of common offset common imaging gather (ODCIG) lineups, judge whether rate pattern is accurate.
But when rate pattern is more complicated, imaging ray path may intersect, and in the condition of nonholonomic constraints
Under, meet that the underground point of imaging relations may more than one.Therefore, more complicated region is constructed in rate pattern, even in
In the case of rate pattern is accurate, the coherence of ODCIG lineups is also poor, and noise is also larger, and " flat " that can be picked up is same
Phase axle is few, and " skewed " lineups occurs, and so as to skew illusion occur, the analysis judgement to rate pattern brings very big
It is fascinating.
Research shows, under complicated structure background, angle domain common image gathers (i.e. angle gathers) can form high relevant
And the lineups of " flat ", so as to which skew illusion is greatly decreased.Meanwhile angle gathers can also simplify CT calculating method.
In the prior art, it is generally the case that being divided in depth for angle is equally spaced in angle gathers.
During the application is realized, inventor has found that at least there are the following problems in the prior art：
Because the maximum offset of field acquisition earth's surface shot point and geophone station is limited, therefore for being angle at equal intervals in depth
The angle gathers of division are spent, it is more smaller to deep layer, the maximum effectively imaging angle of imaging point.With the shot point and geophone station shown in Fig. 1
Exemplified by, Shallow Point A maximum imaging angle and deep layer point B maximum imaging angle simultaneously differs.Wherein, deep layer point B maximum
Imaging angle is far smaller than Shallow Point A maximum imaging angle.
In addition, what the angle and Shallow Point maximum that are effectively imaged for traditional angle gathers, deep layer point maximum were effectively imaged
Angle is different, so as to cause in same angle interval, the representative earth's surface geophone station quantity of Shallow Point imaging and deep layer point
The representative earth's surface geophone station quantity of imaging simultaneously differs.Compared with Shallow Point, an angle interval of deep layer point is from signal
See and represent more geophone station imaging, so that the lineups of traditional angle gathers are not " straight ".Also, more geophone station
It is superimposed in the imaging of rate pattern large area so that the resolution ratio step-down of deep layer point lineups.Therefore, for tradition
Angle gathers, with the increase of depth, not only length becomes shorter the lineups of imaging point in the horizontal, and resolution ratio becomes
It is lower, so as to be unfavorable for follow-up velocity analysis.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a kind of method and apparatus for generating angle gathers.Methods described and device can be with
Overcome the increase with depth, the problem of lineups of imaging point shorten and resolution ratio declines, shallow-layer imaging point and depth can be made
The lineups of layer imaging point are consistent in the horizontal, and keep identical resolution ratio.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of method for generation angle gathers that the embodiment of the present application provides is realized in
's：
A kind of method for generating angle gathers, including：
Depth Domain rate pattern is established according to earthquake record；
Gaussian beam ray tracing is carried out using the Depth Domain rate pattern, generates the Gauss of shot point in the earthquake record
The Gaussian beam of beam and geophone station；
Obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, carrying out migration before stack using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam is summed into
Picture, scale factor is shone upon according to cumulative imaging results and the varied angle, generates the angle gathers of the rate pattern.
A kind of device for generating angle gathers, including：
Module is established, for establishing Depth Domain rate pattern according to earthquake record；
Tracing module, for carrying out Gaussian beam ray tracing using the Depth Domain rate pattern, generate the earthquake note
The Gaussian beam of the Gaussian beam of shot point and geophone station in record；
Generation module, scale factor is shone upon for obtaining varied angle, carried out using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam
Migration before stack is summed into picture, shines upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and the varied angle, generates the rate pattern
Angle gathers.
The technical scheme provided from above the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application obtain varied angle shine upon ratio because
Son, carry out migration before stack using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam and be summed into picture, and according to cumulative imaging results and described
Varied angle shines upon scale factor, generates the angle gathers of the rate pattern.Compared with prior art, the embodiment of the present application angle of image
The division interval of degree changes with the change of imaging depth, improves angle gathers in, the resolution ratio of imaging deep point, so that gram
The problem of deep layer lineups caused by having taken angular divisions at equal intervals shorten and resolution ratio declines, can be follow-up velocity analysis
More reliable foundation is provided.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment or existing in order to illustrate more clearly of the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments described in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying the premise of creative labor
Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the maximum effectively imaging angle of imaging point in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the embodiment of the present application generates angle gathers method；
Fig. 3 is the ray center coordinate system schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 4 a are the spectrum analysis schematic diagram of angle gathers imaging deep point lineups in the prior art；
Fig. 4 b are the spectrum analysis schematic diagram of the angle gathers imaging deep point lineups of the embodiment of the present application generation；
Fig. 5 is the illustrative view of functional configuration that the embodiment of the present application generates angle gathers device.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical scheme in the application, it is real below in conjunction with the application
The accompanying drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example only some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.It is common based on the embodiment in the application, this area
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, it should all belong to the application protection
Scope.
In the prior art, accurately a whether important indicator is common imaging point caused by pre-stack depth migration to rate pattern
" glacing flatness " of trace gather lineups.It is generally believed that when the lineups of common imaging gather are distributed in " flat ", show speed
Model calibration is true.When the lineups " upwarping " of common imaging gather or " sagging ", show that rate pattern is incorrect.Normally,
When the lineups " upwarping " of common imaging gather or " sagging ", by analyzing the curvature of lineups, speed can be updated
Model, so that rate pattern becomes more accurate.
During preferable comprehensive data acquisition, seismic channel is generally by shot position (xs,ys), receiving point position
(xr,yr) and record reflection interval (t) index.In actual applications, it is generally the case that earth's surface gathered data can be selected
Offset vector (xs-xr,ys-yr) common imaging gather is ranked up, and using the common imaging gather after sequence as common skew
Away from domain common imaging gather (ODCIG), then by analyzing " glacing flatness " of ODCIG lineups, judge whether rate pattern is accurate
Really.
But more complicated region is constructed in rate pattern, in the case of rate pattern is accurate, ODCIG is same
The coherence of phase axle is also poor, and noise is also larger, and " flat " lineups that can be picked up are few, and " skewed " same phase occur
Axle.Reason is that, when rate pattern is more complicated, imaging ray path may intersect, and under conditions of nonholonomic constraints,
Meet that the underground point of imaging relations may more than one.So, in the case of rate pattern is correct, still may can not
The lineups of " flat " are obtained, so as to skew illusion occur, the analysis to rate pattern judges to bring very big fascination.
Research shows, under complicated structure background, angle domain common image gathers (i.e. angle gathers) can form high relevant
And the lineups of " flat ", so as to which skew illusion is greatly decreased.Further, since ODCIG is typically only capable of providing earth's surface
Offset information, in order to determine shot point-wave detector pair, tomography instrument needs to penetrate from the multigroup minute surface of underground position transmitting of pickup
Line pair, one group of minute surface ray pair for meeting to require with search.And angle gathers can be directly inputted into tomography instrument, by picking up
The reflecting interface position taken and inclination angle and the reflection angle information obtained from corner-sharing degree domain imaging point trace gather, can clearly define imaging
The minute surface ray pair of point, therefore angle gathers can also simplify CT calculating method.In the prior art, it is generally the case that angle in angle gathers
Being divided in depth for degree is equally spaced.
For traditional angle gathers divided at equal intervals, with the increase of depth, the lineups of imaging point are not only in transverse direction
Upper length becomes shorter, and resolution ratio becomes lower, so as to be unfavorable for follow-up velocity analysis.The method of the embodiment of the present application
Closed with the angle gathers of device generation, the division interval of imaging angle changes with the change of imaging depth, so as to improve angle road
Collection is in, the resolution ratio of imaging deep point.
The method for a kind of generation angle gathers that the embodiment of the present application provides, as shown in Fig. 2 this method includes：
S201：Interval velocity model in depth domain is established according to earthquake record.
Specifically, with earthquake-wave-exciting and seismic wave can be recorded, then according to conventional treatment seismic data flow to field
The seismic wave of collection is handled, and is obtained by processed conventionally time-domain earthquake record.Then the time-domain earthquake is remembered
Record carries out time-domain velocity analysis, obtains the stack velocity or root mean sequare velocity of time-domain.Then Dix inverting (Dicks are utilized
This formula inverting) either constraining velocity inversion etc., initially modeling method changes into the stack velocity of time-domain or root mean sequare velocity
The initiation layer velocity field of Depth Domain.Velocity scanning, relevant inverting, chromatography finally are carried out to the initiation layer velocity field of the Depth Domain
The domain velocity analysis of inverting even depth, is iterated with optimization layer velocity field, and then establishes final interval velocity model in depth domain.
S202：Gaussian beam ray tracing is carried out using the interval velocity model in depth domain, generates big gun in the earthquake record
The Gaussian beam of point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station.
Specifically, can be to each shot point in time-domain earthquake record data and inspection according to the Depth Domain speed model of foundation
Wave point carries out Gaussian beam ray tracing respectively, so as to generate the Gaussian beam of the Gaussian beam of shot point and geophone station in earthquake record.Institute
Stating Gaussian beam ray tracing can include carrying out kinematics ray tracing and kinetics ray-tracing, wherein,
Kinematics ray tracing can use 4 rank Runge-Kutta methods to solve the mode of partial differential equation and carry out stepping, have
Body is：
In formula (1)：
X and z is respectively the current x coordinate value and z coordinate value for calculating shot point or geophone station；
T is ray hourage, and v is ray velocity, and a is ray and the angle of z-axis；
WithThe respectively partial derivative of ray velocity in the x and z directions.
Kinetics ray-tracing can use 4 rank Runge-Kutta methods to solve the mode of partial differential equation and carry out stepping, have
Body is：
In formula (2),
N is current shot point or the geophone station of calculating to the distance of ray；
Represent second-order partial differential coefficient of the ray velocity to space；
P and Q is complex value kinetic parameter, for the width and shape of the Gaussian beam for determining to be formed.Wherein, P and Q initial value
Selection can be for：
In formula (3),
v0For ray earth's surface eye point speed；
ωlFor the minimum frequency in offset parameter；
w0For the original width of Gaussian beam ray；
I is imaginary unit.
After kinematics ray tracing and kinetics ray-tracing are completed, each Gaussian beam ray can be utilized, is led to
The Gaussian beam formula of formula (4) is crossed, solving Gaussian beam ray, there is the complex value in each imaging unit of Soft soil treatmen to shake
T when width A and complex value are travelled, so as to form the Gaussian beam of shot point or geophone station.
In formula (4),
ω is wave frequency rate；
U (s, n, ω) is the wave field displacement that frequency is ω；
(s, n) is the current ray coordinates for calculating shot point or geophone station under central ray coordinate system.As shown in figure 3, s is
To the distance of ray origin, n is current shot point or the geophone station of calculating to the distance of ray for current calculating shot point or geophone station；
The speed of ray centered on v (s)；
Centered on ray travelling when, can specifically pass through foregoing kinematics ray tracing and determine；
P (s) and Q (s) is complex value kinetic parameter, can specifically be determined by foregoing kinetics ray-tracing；
I is imaginary unit.
T can be obtained by following formula (5) when complex amplitude A and complex value are travelled：
By carrying out above-mentioned ray tracing to shot point and geophone station, the Gaussian beam of shot point and the height of geophone station can be generated
This beam.
S203：Obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, migration before stack is carried out using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam
Picture is summed into, scale factor is shone upon according to cumulative imaging results and varied angle, generates the angle gathers of the rate pattern.
In some embodiments, varied angle can be obtained by such a way and shines upon scale factor.It is specific as follows：
Obtain the initial depth z of default varied angle division0, depth capacity z1、z0The maximum at place effectively imaging angle a0With
And z1The maximum at place effectively imaging angle a1.Specifically, z0The initial depth divided for varied angle, namely less than z0Depth
On, it is believed that the resolution ratio of the lineups of angle gathers is sufficiently high, so that varied angle division need not be carried out.a0For z0Place
Maximum effectively imaging angle estimation, generally 90 °.z1For the bosom in the bosom, i.e. migration imaging of varied angle division.A1 is
z1The effectively imaging angle estimation of the maximum at place.Wherein,
In formula (6),
hmaxFor the maximum offset on ground in observation system.
Scale factor scl can be shone upon by the varied angle that formula (7) is calculated at any imaging depth z.Specifically,
In formula (7),
c2=log (a1/a0)/log(z1/z0),
For maximum effective imaging angle at imaging depth z.
In other embodiments, varied angle can be obtained by such a way and shine upon scale factor.It is specific as follows：
Obtain user-defined Parameter File.In the Parameter File, imaging depth can be divided into multiple phases
Adjacent section.For two end points in each section, scale factor is corresponding with.
For any imaging depth z, the section where imaging depth z can be obtained from the Parameter File, and
The scale factor of two end points in section.Then the varied angle calculated according to formula (8) at imaging depth z shines upon scale factor
scl.Specifically,
Scl=s2*(z3-z)/(z3-z2)+s3*(z-z2)/(z3-z2) (8)
In formula (8),
z2And z3Respectively imaging depth be z point residing for depth intervals two end points, z3Depth be more than z2；
s2For imaging depth z2The scale factor at place, s3For imaging depth z3The scale factor at place.
In step S203, after shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam is obtained, both can be intersected, obtained
Total complex amplitude and complex value hourage, when then being travelled using saddle point scanning method scanning complex value, to retain ceiling capacity tribute
The Gaussian beam offered.Then the shot point ray of each imaging grid in the ceiling capacity contribution effective coverage of Gaussian beam is obtained
Inclination angle PsWith the inclination angle P of geophone station rayr, and P is obtained according to formula (12)rThe signal of seismic data after caused decomposition
Value is imaged.It is specific as follows：
1), according to processing requirement default bias parameter, the minimum frequency ω in default offset parameterl, maximum frequency
Rate ωhAnd Gaussian beam original width w0, Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch Δ a and ray tracing ray parameter interval delta p is calculated,
To determine to participate in the number of rays of imaging.Wherein,
2) all seismic channels of current shot point, are analyzed, according to the earth's surface layout pitch Δ a of determination, calculate current shot point
The quantity Na of geophone station eye point.Wherein,
Nα=LX/Δα (11)
In formula (11),
LXFor the overlay length of all seismic channels of current shot point.
3), for each geophone station eye point of current shot point, the geological data of the geophone station eye point is carried out local
Superposition, obtain the imaging mesh point in geophone station outgoing range of point influence, for each imaging mesh point, can obtain this into
As mesh point depth value z and the imaging mesh point in the angle α of shot point ray and geophone station raytrue, and according to described
The varied angle that depth value z obtains the imaging mesh point shines upon scale factor scl, shines upon ratio by the varied angle of the imaging mesh point
Example factor scl and the imaging mesh point in the angle α of shot point ray and geophone station raytrue, obtain the imaging mesh point
Imaging angle α after shining uponmap, the α of all imaging mesh points for the geophone station eye point that adds upmap, obtain geophone station outgoing
The α of pointmapSet, the α for the current each geophone station eye point of shot point that adds upmapSet, obtains the α of current shot pointmapSet.
In step 3), the geological data of geophone station eye point can be carried out by local stacking by formula (12).Specifically,
In geophone station eye point (xd,yd,zd), local tiltedly superposition is carried out to seismic data, so as to which seismic wave is decomposed into not Tongfang
To plane wave.Oblique Superposition Formula is as follows：
In formula (12),
P is ray dip angle parameter；
B (ω, p) is local oblique superposed signal；
L is the radius of local tiltedly superposition scope, that is, corresponds to ωlThe effective half width w of Gaussian ray bundle03 times；
x0For the center (namely (x of ray outgoingd,yd) relative coordinate), and the local center being tiltedly superimposed；
Fx(ω) represents the frequency spectrum of the earth's surface record at x position；
C is local stacking coefficient, for ensuring the uniformity of Gaussian ray bundle decomposition of plane wave and earth's surface record.Specifically
Ground,
Earthquake record in subrange [- L, L] is carried out exponential damping by formula (12) according to the distance of distance center point, and
Stacked up according to ray dip angle parameter p, realize Different Slope plane wave decomposition.
In step 3), the angle of shot point ray and geophone station ray in imaging mesh point can be obtained by formula (13)
αtrue。
cos(2*αtrue)=(ps·pr)/(|ps|/|pr|) (13)
In formula (13),
PsFor the inclination angle of shot point ray, PrFor the inclination angle of geophone station ray.|ps| for the 2- models of the dip vector of shot point ray
Number, | pr| for the 2- norms of the dip vector of geophone station ray.Wherein, determine for any vectorial p, the 2- norms of the vectorial p
Justice is usually
, can be according to formula (14) in step 3), the varied angle by being imaged mesh point shines upon scale factor scl and should
It is imaged the angle α of shot point ray and geophone station ray in mesh pointtrue, obtain the imaging angle after the shining upon of the imaging mesh point
αmap。
αmap=scl* αtrue (14)
4) for each big gun in earthquake record, above-mentioned steps 2 can be performed successively) and step 3), earthquake can be obtained
The angle set of each shot point in record.The angle set of each shot point in earthquake record is added up, speed can be obtained
The angle gathers of model.
Traditional angle gathers imaging point from it is shallow to it is deep be equiangularly spaced division, therefore more to arrive deep layer same for traditional angle gathers
Phase axle is shorter, and resolution ratio is lower.The method of the embodiment of the present application divides parameter by varied angle, and angle gathers are entered to depth from shallow
The non-equiangularly spaced division of row.Therefore the angle gathers generated by the method for the embodiment of the present application can overcome division at equal intervals to lead
The problem of deep layer lineups of cause shorten and resolution ratio declines, can cause the lineups length of shallow-layer and deep layer to keep necessarily
It is unified, so as to which in the case of rate pattern inaccuracy, the resolution ratio of lineups can be kept to a certain extent.
Further, the method for the embodiment of the present application can avoid traditional angle gathers in, deep layer it is maximum effectively into
The unconspicuous problem of lineups curvature as caused by angle too small, it can be provided for tomographic inversion even depth domain velocity analysis instrument
More reliable foundation.
Fig. 4 a are the spectrum analysis of the deep layer lineups of traditional angle gathers, and Fig. 4 b are to be given birth to according to the method for the embodiment of the present application
Into angle gathers deep layer lineups spectrum analysis.Depth it can be seen from Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b contrast with traditional angle gathers
The frequency of layer lineups is compared, and the frequency of the deep layer lineups of the angle gathers generated according to the method for the embodiment of the present application is about high
1Hz, resolution ratio substantially uprise, so as to advantageously in follow-up velocity analysis.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of device for generating angle gathers.As shown in figure 5, the device includes establishing module
501st, tracing module 502 and generation module 503.Wherein,
Module 501 is established, for establishing Depth Domain rate pattern according to earthquake record；
Tracing module 502, for carrying out Gaussian beam ray tracing using the Depth Domain rate pattern, generate the earthquake
The Gaussian beam of the Gaussian beam of shot point and geophone station in record；
Generation module 503, scale factor is shone upon for obtaining varied angle, is entered using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam
Row migration before stack is summed into picture, shines upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and the varied angle, generates the rate pattern
Angle gathers.
In the 1990s, the improvement for a technology can clearly distinguish be on hardware improvement (for example,
Improvement to circuit structures such as diode, transistor, switches) or software on improvement (improvement for method flow).So
And as the development of technology, the improvement of current many method flows can be considered as directly improving for hardware circuit.
Designer nearly all obtains corresponding hardware circuit by the way that improved method flow is programmed into hardware circuit.Cause
This, it cannot be said that the improvement of a method flow cannot be realized with hardware entities module.For example, PLD
(Programmable Logic Device, PLD) (such as field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate
Array, FPGA)) it is exactly such a integrated circuit, its logic function is determined by user to device programming.By designer
Voluntarily programming comes a digital display circuit " integrated " on a piece of PLD, without asking chip maker to design and make
Special IC chip 2.Moreover, nowadays, substitution manually makes IC chip, and this programming is also used instead mostly
" logic compiler (logic compiler) " software realizes that software compiler used is similar when it writes with program development
Seemingly, and the source code before compiling also handy specific programming language is write, this is referred to as hardware description language
(Hardware Description Language, HDL), and HDL is also not only a kind of, but have many kinds, such as ABEL
(Advanced Boolean Expression Language)、AHDL(Altera Hardware Description
Language)、Confluence、CUPL(Cornell University Programming Language)、HDCal、JHDL
(Java Hardware Description Language)、Lava、Lola、MyHDL、PALASM、RHDL(Ruby
Hardware Description Language) etc., VHDL (Very-High-Speed are most generally used at present
Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog2.Those skilled in the art
It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that only need method flow slightly programming in logic and being programmed into integrated circuit with above-mentioned several hardware description languages
In, it is possible to it is readily available the hardware circuit for realizing the logical method flow.
Controller can be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, controller can take such as microprocessor or processing
Device and storage can by the computer of the computer readable program code (such as software or firmware) of (micro-) computing device
Read medium, gate, switch, application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit,
ASIC), the form of programmable logic controller (PLC) and embedded microcontroller, the example of controller include but is not limited to following microcontroller
Device：ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20 and Silicone Labs C8051F320, are deposited
Memory controller is also implemented as a part for the control logic of memory.
It is also known in the art that in addition to realizing controller in a manner of pure computer readable program code, it is complete
Entirely can by by method and step carry out programming in logic come controller with gate, switch, application specific integrated circuit, may be programmed
The form of logic controller and embedded microcontroller etc. realizes identical function.Therefore this controller is considered one kind
Hardware component, and it is used to realize that the device of various functions can also to be considered as the structure in hardware component to what is included in it.Or
Even, it not only can be able to will be the software module of implementation method for realizing that the device of various functions is considered as but also can be Hardware Subdivision
Structure in part.
System, device, module or the unit that above-described embodiment illustrates, it can specifically be realized by computer chip or entity,
Or realized by the product with certain function.
For convenience of description, it is divided into various units during description apparatus above with function to describe respectively.Certainly, this is being implemented
The function of each unit can be realized in same or multiple softwares and/or hardware during application.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the application can
Realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform.Based on such understanding, the technical scheme essence of the application
On the part that is contributed in other words to prior art can be embodied in the form of software product, the computer software product
It can be stored in storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including some instructions are causing a computer equipment
(can be personal computer, server, either network equipment etc.) performs some of each embodiment of the application or embodiment
Method described in part.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Divide mutually referring to what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment.It is real especially for system
For applying example, because it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so description is fairly simple, related part is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.
The application can be used in numerous general or special purpose computing system environments or configuration.Such as：Personal computer, clothes
Business device computer, handheld device or portable set, laptop device, multicomputer system, the system based on microprocessor, put
Top box, programmable consumer-elcetronics devices, network PC, minicom, mainframe computer including any of the above system or equipment
DCE etc..
The application can be described in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as program
Module.Usually, program module includes performing particular task or realizes routine, program, object, the group of particular abstract data type
Part, data structure etc..The application can also be put into practice in a distributed computing environment, in these DCEs, by
Task is performed and connected remote processing devices by communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be with
In the local and remote computer-readable storage medium including storage device.
Although depicting the application by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application have it is many deformation and
Change is without departing from spirit herein, it is desirable to which appended claim includes these deformations and changed without departing from the application's
Spirit.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. method for generating angle gathers, it is characterised in that including：Depth Domain rate pattern is established according to earthquake record；Carry out Gaussian beam ray tracing using the Depth Domain rate pattern, generate in the earthquake record Gaussian beam of shot point and The Gaussian beam of geophone station；Obtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, carrying out migration before stack using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam is summed into picture, Scale factor is shone upon according to cumulative imaging results and the varied angle, generates the angle gathers of the rate pattern；The acquisition varied angle shines upon scale factor, specifically includes：According to formulaObtain varied angle and shine upon scale factor, wherein,Scl represents that the varied angle for the imaging point that depth value is z shines upon scale factor；c2=log (a1/a0)/log(z1/z0),Wherein, z0And z1The respectively initial depth of varied angle division Value and maximum depth value, a0For z0The effectively imaging angle estimation of the maximum at place, a1For z1The effectively imaging angle estimation of the maximum at place；Or the acquisition varied angle shines upon scale factor, also specifically includes：Interval division is carried out to the depth value of imaging point, obtains imaging depth section, then according to the imaging depth section, profit With formula scl=s2*(z3-z)/(z3-z2)+s3*(z-z2)/(z3-z2) obtain varied angle shine upon scale factor, wherein,Scl represents that the varied angle for the imaging point that depth value is z shines upon scale factor；z2And z3The respectively depth value of two end points in the imaging point place imaging depth section that depth value is z, and z2＜ z ＜ z3；s2It is z for depth value2The varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor；s3It is z for depth value3The varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor；Wherein, depth value z2The varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor s2Obtained based on following manner：The section where imaging depth value z is obtained from User Defined Parameter File, by the depth of an end points in the section Value is used as z2, it is z that the varied angle at the end points is shone upon into scale factor as depth value2The varied angle of imaging point shine upon ratio Factor s2；Depth value is z3The varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor s3Obtained based on following manner：The section where imaging depth value z is obtained from User Defined Parameter File, by the depth of another end points in the section Angle value is as z3, it is z that the varied angle at the end points is shone upon into scale factor as depth value3The varied angle of imaging point shine upon ratio Example factor s3。
- 2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in thatWherein, hmaxFor the ground of observation system Maximum offset.
- 3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described to be folded using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam Preceding skew is summed into picture, shines upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and the varied angle, generates the angle of the rate pattern Trace gather, specifically include：1) Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch is obtained, and shot point is chosen from earthquake record；2) according to the Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch, the quantity of the current geophone station eye point for choosing shot point of calculating；3) for the current each geophone station eye point for choosing shot point, the geological data of the geophone station eye point is carried out local folded Addition picture, the imaging mesh point in geophone station outgoing range of point influence is obtained, for each imaging mesh point, obtains the imaging The varied angle of mesh point shines upon scale factor, and the imaging shone upon by the varied angle at the scale factor calculation imaging mesh point Angle, the imaging angle of each imaging mesh point of the geophone station eye point is added up, obtains the geophone station eye point Imaging angle set, the imaging angle set to the current each geophone station eye point for choosing shot point add up, and obtain current Choose the angle set of shot point；4) shot point is chosen in the shot point of unselected mistake from earthquake record, is repeated in step 2) and step 3), until traversal Untill each shot point in earthquake record, the angle set of each shot point in earthquake record is obtained；5) angle set of each shot point in earthquake record is added up, obtains the angle gathers of rate pattern.
- 4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that it is described obtain the imaging mesh point varied angle shine upon ratio because Son, and the imaging angle shone upon by the varied angle at the scale factor calculation imaging mesh point, are specifically included：Obtain the angle of shot point ray and geophone station ray in the depth value of the imaging mesh point, and the imaging mesh point；According to the angle of image at the depth value and the angle calcu-lation of the shot point ray and geophone station ray imaging mesh point Degree.
- 5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described according to the depth value and the shot point ray and detection Imaging angle at the angle calcu-lation of the point ray imaging mesh point, is specifically included：The varied angle for obtaining imaging point at the depth value shines upon scale factor；Scale factor is shone upon according to the varied angle of imaging point at the depth value, and the shot point ray and geophone station ray Angle, pass through formula αmap=scl* αtrueThe imaging angle at the imaging mesh point is calculated, wherein, scl is at the depth value The varied angle of imaging point shines upon scale factor, αtrueFor the shot point ray and the angle of geophone station ray.
- 6. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the acquisition Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch, specifically include：Pass through formulaGaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch is obtained, wherein,Δ a is Gaussian beam earth's surface layout pitch；w0For default Gaussian beam original width；ωlAnd ωhMinimum frequency and peak frequency respectively in default bias parameter.
- 7. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described to carry out Gauss beam using the Depth Domain rate pattern Line is followed the trail of, and is generated the Gaussian beam of the Gaussian beam of shot point and geophone station in the earthquake record, is specifically included：According to the Depth Domain rate pattern, carry out kinematics ray tracing respectively to each shot point in the earthquake record and move Mechanics ray tracing, generate the Gaussian beam of shot point in the earthquake record；According to the Depth Domain rate pattern, each geophone station in the earthquake record is carried out respectively kinematics ray tracing and Kinetics ray-tracing, the Gaussian beam of geophone station into the earthquake record.
- A kind of 8. device for generating angle gathers, it is characterised in that including：Module is established, for establishing Depth Domain rate pattern according to earthquake record；Tracing module, for carrying out Gaussian beam ray tracing using the Depth Domain rate pattern, generate in the earthquake record The Gaussian beam of shot point and the Gaussian beam of geophone station；Generation module, scale factor is shone upon for obtaining varied angle, prestack is carried out using shot point Gaussian beam and geophone station Gaussian beam Skew is summed into picture, shines upon scale factor according to cumulative imaging results and the varied angle, generates the angle road of the rate pattern Collection；The acquisition varied angle shines upon scale factor, specifically includes：According to formulaObtain varied angle and shine upon ratio The factor, wherein, scl represents that the varied angle for the imaging point that depth value is z shines upon scale factor；c2=log (a1/a0)/log(z1/ z0),z0And z1The respectively initial depth value and maximum depth value of varied angle division, a0For z0The maximum at place has Imitate imaging angle estimation, a1For z1The effectively imaging angle estimation of the maximum at place；Or the acquisition varied angle shines upon scale factor, Also specifically include：Interval division is carried out to the depth value of imaging point, imaging depth section is obtained, then according to the imaging depth Section, utilize formula scl=s2*(z3-z)/(z3-z2)+s3*(z-z2)/(z3-z2) obtain varied angle shine upon scale factor, its In, scl represents that the varied angle for the imaging point that depth value is z shines upon scale factor；z2And z3Respectively depth value is z imaging point The depth value of two end points in place imaging depth section, and z2＜ z ＜ z3；s2It is z for depth value2Imaging point angle Degree shines upon scale factor；s3It is z for depth value3The varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor；Wherein, depth value z2Into The varied angle of picture point shines upon scale factor s2Obtained based on following manner：Imaging depth is obtained from User Defined Parameter File Section where value z, using the depth value of an end points in the section as z2, the varied angle at the end points is shone upon into scale factor It is z as depth value2The varied angle of imaging point shine upon scale factor s2；Depth value is z3The varied angle of imaging point shine upon ratio Example factor s3Obtained based on following manner：The section where imaging depth value z is obtained from User Defined Parameter File, by this The depth value of another end points in section is as z3, it is z that the varied angle at the end points is shone upon into scale factor as depth value3's The varied angle of imaging point shines upon scale factor s3。
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| CN106443765B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-08-28 | 安徽惠洲地质安全研究院股份有限公司 | Municipal engineering seismic survey integrated imaging method based on multi -components observation system |
| CN106918840A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-07-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Reverse-time migration angle gathers imaging method based on angle wave field step by step arithmetic |
| CN108415073B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-13 | 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所 | Angle domain back scattering offset imaging method and device |
| CN113009569B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2024-06-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Earthquake migration imaging method and device |
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