WO2016141598A1

WO2016141598A1 - Surface consistent amplitude compensation method and device in common attitude gather

Info

Publication number: WO2016141598A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/074246
Authority: WO
Inventors: 何登科; 彭苏萍
Original assignee: 中国矿业大学(北京)
Priority date: 2015-03-12
Filing date: 2015-03-13
Publication date: 2016-09-15
Also published as: CN104656141A; CN104656141B

Abstract

A surface consistent amplitude compensation method and device in a common attitude gather, the method comprising: acquiring seismic data and a corresponding operation log in an exploration work area; calculating an average total energy of all components of each channel of the seismic data to serve as a seismic channel energy of the channel; performing a surface consistent preliminary test on the obtained energy of each seismic channel, and determining a seismic channel energy satisfying a first preset condition to be a representative data body; calculating each compensation factor corresponding to the seismic channel energy in the representative data body, and calculating a compensation factor for a detector in a common attitude gather; performing surface consistent amplitude compensation on the seismic data for the entire work area according to a total compensation factor consisting of the abovementioned two factors; and calculating the three seismic data components together, thus obtaining an energy distribution trigonometric function relationship among the three data components, taking into account a placement attitude of the detector, calculating the compensation factor for the detector in the common attitude gather, and thereby enabling a calculation result to be more accurate.

Description

Co-attitude gather surface consistency amplitude compensation method and device

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of seismic exploration, in particular to a method and a device for compensating amplitude uniformity of a common attitude gather in a seismic survey.

Background technique

Seismic exploration technology is one of the important exploration methods and technologies in the fields of energy exploration engineering, geological engineering and engineering geophysical exploration. In the results of seismic exploration and interpretation, a variety of seismic attributes can be used to detect geological anomalies, and the amplitude properties and their ancillary products play an extremely important role. In the field of seismic exploration field data acquisition, due to the application of multiple coverage techniques, the seismic data on the same bin will come from different excitation sources and different detectors. Therefore, due to the difference in the characteristics of the excited source and the difference in the characteristics of the detector, there will be a large difference in the seismic data of the same surface. In seismic data processing, in order to obtain high-fidelity, high-precision, high-resolution seismic exploration data that can truly reflect underground geological anomalies, it is necessary to analyze and eliminate or suppress the seismic response of non-subterranean geological anomalies. Among them, the seismic response of non-subterranean geological anomalies includes the difference between the excitation energy of the source and the sensitivity of the received energy of the detector, and their influence belongs to the category of collecting foot marks. In the seismic data processing flow, the technique of rejecting or suppressing the influence of the excitation energy difference of the source and the influence of the difference in the sensitivity of the received energy of the detector is called surface consistency amplitude compensation. The purpose of this technique is that after processing, the seismic data body conforms to the principle of surface consistency: that is, regardless of the source excitation of the physical point location, and regardless of the performance and model of the excitation source, the average energy or energy density they excite is equal. Regardless of which physical point location is received, and which detector is used for reception, the average energy or energy density they receive is equal.

At present, in the process of seismic exploration data processing at home and abroad, the surface consistency amplitude compensation is a key link. The principle of the method used is to first calculate the average energy of the whole work area, divide it by the energy of each track to obtain the total compensation factor of each track, and then decompose the total compensation factor into the source factor, detector factor, and offset factor. , the construction factor, etc., finally through the Gauss-Sedel iterative calculation to obtain the final compensation factor, and used to perform surface consistency amplitude compensation. Specifically, for multi-wave seismic exploration (sometimes called converted wave seismic exploration, or 3D3C seismic exploration), the related art provides a surface consistency amplitude compensation method, that is, firstly performing surface consistency on each component received by the detector. The amplitude compensation factor is calculated, and the compensation factors of each detector in each component are kept unchanged. The average value of each source compensation factor of all components is used as the final source compensation factor, and finally the surface consistency amplitude compensation is performed according to the final source compensation factor. . In practical applications, the single-component and three-component surface consistency amplitude compensation has been widely used, which solves the amplitude difference caused by non-geological anomalies to some extent.

However, with the continuous advancement of high-fidelity, high-precision, high-resolution seismic exploration methods and practical applications, the current surface consistency amplitude compensation methods and techniques have two problems to be solved: (1) for common detection wave points Concentrate all seismic data for surface consistency compensation factors In the calculation, it is neglected that the detectors in the physical position of the same detector in the field of multiple coverage techniques will have multiple detectors arranged at different times. By default, the coupling degree with the earth and the sensitivity of the received signal are the same. This is inconsistent with the actual situation in industrial production. Due to the use of multiple coverage techniques, the same detector can be placed at different physical locations at different times, and the detectors deployed at different times in actual operation are Different, even if the individual detectors are the same, the coupling degree of the detector to the earth is different due to different laying conditions at different times, and the sensitivity of the detector and its coupling with the earth directly affect the detection. The difference in amplitude recorded by the device, which in turn affects the effect of surface consistency compensation. This problem exists in both multi-wave seismic exploration and longitudinal wave seismic exploration. (2) In multi-wave seismic exploration, the calculation and correction of surface consistency amplitude compensation for the three-component seismic data respectively will destroy the relationship between the three components. This will seriously affect the fast and slow wave time difference characteristics and azimuth characteristics in multi-wave exploration, and will mislead the crack detection results. In addition, in the full-waveform high-fidelity inversion, it is necessary to maintain not only the amplitude relationship of the two transverse wave components but also the energy relationship between the longitudinal wave component and the transverse wave component.

The inventors found in the study that the above two factors have a serious impact on the fidelity of seismic data processing results. At present, there is a lack of a method to better perform surface consistency amplitude compensation. The invention proposes a new ground surface consistency amplitude compensation method for the above two factors.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for compensating amplitude consistency of a common attitude gather set surface, so that the surface consistency compensation result is more accurate.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for coherent amplitude compensation of a common attitude gather set surface, including:

Obtaining seismic data in the exploration work area and the construction work report corresponding to the seismic data;

Calculating the average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the seismic data to obtain the seismic energy of the track;

Performing a preliminary test of surface consistency for each seismic energy, and determining all seismic energy of the first predetermined condition as a representative data volume;

Calculating each compensation factor corresponding to each track energy in a representative data body, and each compensation factor includes at least a source term compensation factor;

According to the preset posture of the detector, the common attitude gathers are collected in the common detection wave track of the seismic data of the exploration work area, and the detector item compensation factor is calculated in the common attitude track set;

According to the compensation factors and the total compensation factor composed of the detector term compensation factor, the surface consistency amplitude compensation of the seismic data of the entire work area is performed.

With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the seismic data includes single component seismic data and three component seismic data;

Calculating the average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the seismic data includes:

According to the formula

Calculate the average total energy of all components of each data in the seismic trace data to obtain the seismic energy of each channel; in the formula, T is the length of the time window, N is the number of components of the seismic data, and C _n,t is the nth component. The amplitude value of the t-th sample point in the time window.

With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the method further includes: performing a preliminary check on the surface consistency of each seismic energy And all seismic energy that meets the second preset condition constitutes a suspected non-surface consistent data volume;

A preliminary test of surface consistency is performed for each seismic energy, and all seismic energy of the first predetermined condition is determined as a representative data body including:

According to the formula

Calculate the mean and mean square error of all seismic energy in the exploration area, and obtain the average and mean square error of the work area; where M is the total number of seismic traces in the entire exploration area;

The difference between the statistical and the average value of the work area is the seismic energy in the mean square error region of the work area of 3 times, and the energy of the seismic track is taken as a representative data body;

A preliminary test of surface consistency is performed for each seismic energy, and all seismic energy that meets the second preset condition constitutes a suspected non-surface consistent data body, including:

The difference between the statistical and the average of the work area is the seismic energy outside the mean square error region of the work area, and the energy of the seismic trace is used as the suspected non-surface consistent data volume.

With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein each compensation factor further includes: a offset component compensation factor and a structural item compensation factor.

With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect or the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the method further includes :

For the single-component seismic data, the seismic energy of the detectors recorded in the construction class report is set in the common detection wave track as the corresponding common attitude gather;

For the three-component seismic data, according to the respective dip angles of the three components measured by the seismic acquisition system and the construction class report records, the seismic trace energy of the detectors in different sets of time is extracted from the common detection wave track to form a corresponding common attitude gather. .

With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein calculating the detector item compensation factor in the common attitude track set includes:

According to the formula

The detector term compensation factor is calculated in the co-statue track set; wherein Scale _α is the compensation factor expectation value associated with the A-co-coordinate track set, and N _α is the number of tracks of all seismic data included in the co-statue track set.

With reference to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the method further includes: calculating each item according to a Gauss-Seidel iterative method Compensation factor and detector term compensation factor; wherein the Gauss-Seidel iterative method includes a formula:

Where S _s , A _α , O _o and C _c are the source term compensation factor, the detector term compensation factor, the offset term compensation factor and the structural term compensation factor, respectively, Scale _{m, s, α, o, c} are Total compensation factor.

With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the ground data consistency amplitude compensation is performed on the seismic data of the entire work area, including:

Calculate each according to the formula log(Scale _{m, s, α, o, c} )=log(S _m,s )+log(A _m,α )+log(O _m,o )+log(C _m,c ) Total compensation factor for seismic trace data;

According to the total compensation factor, the surface consistency amplitude compensation is performed on the seismic data of the entire work area;

The method further includes:

Performing surface consistency amplitude compensation on the suspected non-surface consistent data volume, and calculating the seismic energy of the compensated suspected non-surface consistent data volume;

Calculate the mean and mean square error of all seismic energy of a representative data volume after surface uniform amplitude compensation, and verify the seismic energy of the suspected non-surface consistent data volume based on the average and the mean square error Validation results;

When it is determined that the verification result meets the first preset condition, the corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume is retained and subjected to surface consistency amplitude compensation;

When it is determined that the verification result meets the second preset condition, the corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume is rejected or non-surface consistency amplitude compensation is performed.

With reference to the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides the eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the non-surface consistency is performed on the corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume The amplitude compensation includes:

According to the formula

Calculating the expected value of the corresponding seismic data in the representative data volume after the surface consistency amplitude compensation, wherein K is the total number of seismic traces in the representative data volume;

Calculate the non-surface consistency compensation factor as the final compensation factor according to the formula Scale _m =Expect/Eng _m ;

According to the final compensation factor, the non-surface consistency amplitude compensation is performed on the corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a co-attack gather surface consistency amplitude compensation apparatus, including:

An acquisition unit, configured to acquire seismic data in a exploration work area and a corresponding construction work report;

a first calculating unit, configured to calculate an average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the seismic data acquired by the acquiring unit, to obtain seismic channel energy of the track;

a verification unit, configured to perform a preliminary test of surface consistency on the seismic energy calculated by each first computing unit;

a first determining unit, configured to determine all seismic energy of the first predetermined condition as a representative data volume;

a second calculating unit, configured to calculate, in a representative data body determined by the first determining unit, each compensation factor corresponding to each track energy, and each compensation factor includes at least a source term compensation factor;

The extracting unit is configured to extract a common attitude gather in the common detection wave point of the exploration work area according to different postures of the detector;

a third calculating unit, configured to calculate a detector term compensation factor in the common attitude track set extracted by the extracting unit;

The surface consistency amplitude compensation unit is configured to perform surface consistency on the seismic data of the entire work area according to the compensation factors calculated by the second calculation unit and the total compensation factor formed by the detector item compensation factor calculated by the third calculation unit. Amplitude compensation.

The method and device for coherent track gather surface consistency amplitude compensation provided by the embodiments of the present invention firstly acquire seismic data in a exploration work area and a construction work report corresponding to the seismic data; and then calculate all components of each seismic data in the seismic data. Average total energy, obtain the seismic energy of the track; then perform a preliminary test of the surface consistency of each seismic energy, and determine all the seismic energy of the first preset condition as a representative data volume; The representative data body calculates each compensation factor corresponding to each track energy, and calculates the detector term compensation factor in the common attitude track set; finally, according to the compensation factors and the total compensation factor composed of the detector term compensation factor, Performing surface consistency amplitude compensation for seismic data of the entire work area, and present There is a lack of a technique to better perform surface consistency amplitude compensation. Considering the energy projection trigonometric function relationship between three component data, the three-component seismic data is calculated together to make the calculation result more accurate. Subsequent surface consistency compensation lays a solid foundation, and considering the placement posture of the detector, calculating the detector term compensation factor in the common attitude track also makes the calculation result more accurate, both of which are ground-consistent. The result is more accurate.

Further, the method and device for compensating the amplitude uniformity of the common attitude gathers on the ground surface of the present invention provide non-surface consistency amplitude compensation for the suspected non-surface consistent seismic traces, so that the seismic traces are The compensation result of the data is more accurate.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings show only certain embodiments of the present invention, and therefore It should be seen as a limitation of scope.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the amplitude compensation effects of the single component and the three component surface uniformity of the Z component in the single attitude of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the amplitude compensation effects of the single component and the three component surface uniformity of the X component in the single attitude of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the amplitude compensation effects of the single component and the three component surface uniformity of the Y component in the single attitude of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing comparison of the surface exit angles in a single attitude in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

6 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the azimuth angles of the inspection in a single attitude in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a rolling construction arrangement of an observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

8 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison between the current method for the Z component in various postures in FIG. 1 and the surface consistency amplitude compensation effect of the present invention provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison between the current method for the X component in various postures of FIG. 1 and the surface consistency amplitude compensation effect of the present invention provided by the embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison between the current method for the Y component in various postures of FIG. 1 and the surface consistency amplitude compensation effect of the present invention provided by the embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for compensating amplitude consistency of a common attitude gather set surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a co-attend track gather surface consistency amplitude compensation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention. Rather than all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention in the claims All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

The invention relates to surface consistency amplitude compensation in multi-wave three-component (including longitudinal wave single component) seismic exploration, and proposes a new amplitude compensation method for accurately analyzing and correcting surface consistency compensation factors for data processing and interpretation inversion. Provide high-quality seismic data to promote scientific research and industrial applications in seismic exploration. The features of the invention are:

First, the calculation of the three-component surface consistency amplitude compensation factor requires three components to be calculated together and cannot be performed separately. In order to do high-fidelity full-wave inversion and shear wave detection cracking technology, it is necessary to maintain the amplitude energy relationship between the longitudinal and transverse waves and between the shear wave components. Therefore, in the three-component seismic exploration, the calculation of the surface uniform amplitude compensation factor needs to be three. The total energy of the components is treated as a single component. In the prior art, a separate factor analysis is performed on the three components, and the other factors are kept unchanged, and the average value of the source factors of each component is selected as the final source factor of all components. This solves the problem of the consistency of the source factor to a certain extent, but ignores the difference in the energy relationship between the individual components of the seismic body wave energy.

Among them, the total body wave energy Eng in the three components of X, Y, Z and the surface exit angle

The relationship between the azimuth angle α and the detected azimuth α can be expressed as

The total energy in a three-component seismic survey can be expressed as

At present, there is another amplitude compensation scheme: the longitudinal and transverse wave components are separated, and the total energy of the transverse wave component is treated as a single component for surface uniform amplitude compensation. The scheme guarantees the energy relationship between the shear wave components to a certain extent, and is beneficial to utilize the two shear wave components and the fast and slow wave components after the processing to perform the crack detection. However, this scheme still destroys the relationship between the longitudinal wave energy and the shear wave energy, and it will be misunderstood in the application of full waveform inversion.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in a schematic diagram of an observation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, a star symbol represents a shot, a total of 10 shot lines, 10 shots per line, and the point and line spacing are both 60 meters; The detection point, a total of 24 detector lines, 24 detectors per line, point and line spacing are 50 meters. Different energy amplification factors are randomly generated for each shot point and detection point respectively, and the energy factor of each track in the whole area is the factor product of the corresponding shot point and the detection point. A two-layer geological model was designed with an interface depth of 800 m. The longitudinal wave velocities of the upper and lower layers were 2400 m/s and 3000 m/s, the shear wave velocities were 800 m/s and 1000 m/s, and the density was 2.0 kg/m ³ and 2.3 kg/ m ³ . The longitudinal and transverse wave reflection coefficients of each channel when the longitudinal wave is incident are calculated by the Zeoppritz formula, and the sum of the squares is taken as the square of the total energy of the body wave. The influence of the weathering layer assumes that the surface emission angle of each channel is 1/1 of the longitudinal wave reflection angle. 3; the zero degree of the azimuth of the inspection is from the positive X-axis, and the counterclockwise is positive; the azimuth of the X-component transverse wave detector is directed to the positive X-axis. The total energy received by each channel is the product of the total body wave energy and the corresponding shot point factor and the detection point factor. The amplitude of the three components is calculated according to formula (1).

Surface consistency amplitude compensation analysis and correction were performed on the model record. Firstly, the analysis is performed by the prior art, that is, the three-component separately performs the surface consistency amplitude compensation analysis of the shot point and the detection point, and then the detection point factor is kept unchanged, and the average value of the shot factors of the three components is used as the final shot. Point factor, then perform amplitude compensation. Secondly, using the new method of the present invention, the total energy of the three components of each track is calculated according to formula (2), and then the total energy is treated as a single component for surface consistency amplitude compensation analysis, and the compensation factors of the shot and the detection point are obtained. The last three components use the same shot and detection point compensation factor for amplitude compensation.

Specifically, the effect comparison of two different methods of Z, X, and Y components is sequentially shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4. In the three figures of Figures 2 - 4, the original amplitude, the amplitude after compensation in the prior art and the amplitude after compensation by the technique of the present invention are sequentially displayed. It can be seen from both FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 that both the prior art and the technique of the present invention can perform amplitude compensation well, and the relative difference in amplitude of the Z component is corrected from about 4 times to about 1 time, and the X and Y components are The relative amplitude difference is corrected from -10 to 10 times to -3 to 3 times.

However, if the energy relationship between the two components is carefully analyzed, the difference between the two compensation effects will be obvious. As shown in Fig. 5, the top surface of the figure is the original surface exit angle, the surface exit angle after prior art compensation, the surface exit angle after compensation by the technique of the present invention, and the exit angle error after prior art compensation. It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the surface exit angle after compensation by the technique of the present invention is consistent with the original exit angle, and the exit angle error after compensation in the prior art is -9° to 3°, which seriously destroys the longitudinal wave energy and the shear wave energy. The relationship between them.

In addition, in the analysis of the transverse wave azimuth, the prior art also produces a large error. The azimuthal error comparison is shown in Figure 6, from top to bottom, the original azimuth, the detector azimuth after prior art compensation, the detector azimuth after the technique of the present invention, and prior art compensation. Azimuth error afterwards. As can be seen from Fig. 6, the azimuth of the detector after compensation by the technique of the present invention is consistent with the original azimuth angle, and the azimuth error after compensation in the prior art is large, and the error range is -50 to 50.

In summary, the current three-component surface consistency amplitude compensation method cannot maintain the energy relationship between the components, and the new method proposed by the present invention can do this.

Secondly, a method for coherent amplitude compensation of the common attitude gathers is proposed. The calculation of the detector compensation factors is performed in the common attitude gather.

The so-called common attitude gathers, that is, in the common detector locus set, according to different postures of the detector (including the inclination angles of the three component detectors and the azimuth of the transverse wave components), the sub-tracks composed of different seismic data are extracted. set. In the field of seismic exploration field acquisition, multiple coverage techniques are common techniques. In order to obtain a uniform coverage, the seismic observation system will move forward a certain distance according to the design requirements and roll construction. Generally in the junction of two observation systems, the same detector The physical location will have different detectors at different construction times. As shown in Figure 7, the above figure is a single-chip observation system. The following figure is the observation system after rolling. There are two bundles, three bundles each, each marked with numbers 1 to 6. The numerical serial number also indicates the sequence of rolling construction. . In the overlap of the 1, 2 single piece and the 5, 6 single piece in Fig. 7, the detector is placed at least twice in the same detector position, that is, at least two different postures. In actual construction, there are often more than two attitudes of detector placement for various reasons. For example, in a three-component seismic exploration project in the application of the present invention, there are a total of 7261 geophysical point positions in the whole area, and the actual common attitude gather is 36,342, and the average physical point of each detector is about 5 postures, at most One detector position has 21 positions. Therefore, at the same detector position, since the detectors disposed at different times are different, the sensitivity of the detector and the degree of coupling of the detector to the earth are also different. Even if the same detector is accidentally placed at the same detector physical point position at different times, the sensitivity is the same, but the degree of coupling with the ground is different due to different layout conditions.

The difference in surface consistency amplitude compensation effect of the common attitude gathers will be compared and analyzed from the model simulation records. Among them, the comparative analysis method adopts the three-component surface consistency amplitude compensation method proposed by the present invention, that is, according to formula (2), the total energy of the three components is regarded as a single component for amplitude compensation factor analysis, and the comparative analysis is The current co-detection wave point gather method is also used to calculate the amplitude compensation factor using the common attitude gather method in the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in the schematic diagram of the observation system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that the detectors between the two dotted lines have a total of four postures, and each posture receives a record of 25 shots, respectively, outside the two dotted lines. The detector has only one gesture. In the model simulation, the direct simulation randomly generates the detector amplitude factor in different poses. The compensation factor is calculated using the three-component surface consistency amplitude compensation of the present invention. In the three figures of Fig. 8 to Fig. 10, the Z, X and Y component analysis results are sequentially displayed. From top to bottom in each figure are the original amplitude, the amplitude after the prior art compensation, and the amplitude after compensation by the common attitude gather analysis method proposed by the present invention. It can be seen from FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 that the current common detection point gather analysis method does not solve the amplitude compensation problem, and the new method of the common attitude gather set of the present invention performs the amplitude compensation well. In the current common detection wave point gather analysis method, the original relative difference of the Z component is less than 10 times, and the compensation is more than 10 times; the original relative difference of the X component is about -12 to 8 times, and the compensation is changed. It is -15 to 9 times; the original relative difference of the Y component is about -12 to 10 times, and after compensation, it becomes -25 to 11 times. At the same time, the relative difference distribution after compensation is not positively correlated with the original relative difference distribution.

Third, in the amplitude compensation process, in addition to the surface consistency amplitude compensation, the non-surface consistency amplitude difference is compensated.

Although the method of the present invention proposes a common attitude gather surface uniformity amplitude compensation technique, it can solve the problem of good surface uniformity amplitude anomaly. However, in the actual construction in the field, there will be amplitude differences caused by various environmental noises. These abnormal amplitudes are not the seismic response of the underground geological anomaly, but belong to the non-surface consistency difference on the surface. Correction of this amplitude anomaly is difficult to solve using surface consistency methods and techniques.

Non-surface consistency amplitude compensation analysis and correction methods are designed in the present invention. Firstly, the average energy and energy mean squares of all the seismic traces in the whole area are counted, and the seismic traces whose energy is located outside the 3 times mean square error are removed from the seismic data of the whole area as the abnormal track. The remaining seismic data constitutes representative data. body. The average energy and energy mean squared are re-stated in a representative data volume. This average energy is the expectation after the regional uniformity amplitude compensation. For the rejected track, the correction will be corrected according to the expectation of the compensation correction, that is, the non-surface consistency amplitude compensation is performed. Eventually, the amplitude energy of all the seismic traces in the region will be compensated to the desired amplitude energy level. Like surface consistency amplitude compensation, non-surface consistency amplitude compensation is still performed according to the working principle and method of three-component surface consistency amplitude compensation, maintaining the inherent relationship of energy between the three components.

In the method provided by the present invention, since the co-attack gathers the ground surface uniform amplitude compensation method, the different postures of the detector are divided in the common detection wave track, and the different common attitude gathers are separately implemented to perform the detector compensation factor analysis, and at the same time The total energy of the three-component seismic data is used as a single-component implementation of surface uniform amplitude compensation, which ensures the correct energy relationship between the three components, and also corrects the non-surface consistency amplitude anomaly, so compared with the prior art, It has the advantage of being able to accurately compensate for amplitude differences caused by surface consistency factors while ensuring the correct energy relationship between the components:

First, high-fidelity seismic data that meets the principles and requirements of surface consistency can be obtained. Because the common attitude gather analysis method is adopted, the theoretical hypothesis error based on the common detection wave point gather analysis in the prior art is corrected, and the surface consistency amplitude compensation is correctly implemented to ensure the later data processing and inversion interpretation.

Secondly, while accurately compensating for the difference in amplitude of the surface consistency, it is ensured that the correct relationship of energy distribution between the longitudinal and transverse waves and between the components of the transverse wave is consistent. After the three-component surface consistency amplitude compensation process in the method of the present invention, since the sum of the energy of each component is analyzed as a single component, the energy relationship between the components does not change, maintaining its original amplitude relative to The relationship provides high-quality data protection for high-fidelity, high-precision, high-resolution development and promotion of full waveform inversion, bright spot technology, and shear wave splitting detection cracks.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing a method for compensating amplitude consistency of a common attitude track set surface according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes two key technologies: one is that the geophone's surface consistency amplitude compensation factor analysis and the amplitude compensation are all performed in the common attitude track set. Second, in three-component seismic exploration, the sum of the energy of the three components is treated as a single component for surface consistency amplitude compensation analysis. When correcting, the correction factors of the three components of each channel are the same. The specific process is as follows:

101. Obtain seismic data in the exploration work area and a construction work report corresponding to the seismic data.

102. Calculate an average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the seismic data to obtain seismic energy of the track.

103. Perform a preliminary test of surface consistency for each seismic energy, and determine all seismic energy of the first predetermined condition as a representative data volume.

In this embodiment, all the seismic energy of the test result conforming to the first preset condition is determined as a representative data body, and all the seismic energy of the second preset condition is determined as a suspected non-representative data body. .

In this embodiment, the first preset condition and the second preset condition may be two different manners of the same condition, or may be two different conditions. In this embodiment, the first preset condition and the second preset condition are the former, specifically: the first preset condition that satisfies the principle of 3 times mean square error, and the second condition that does not meet the principle of 3 times mean square error .

104. Calculate each compensation factor corresponding to each track energy in a representative data body, and each compensation factor includes at least a source term compensation factor.

105. According to the different postures of the detector, the common detection track gathers are extracted from the common detection wave points extracted from the seismic data of the exploration work area, and the detector item compensation factor is calculated in the common attitude track.

106. Perform surface consistency amplitude compensation on the seismic data of the entire work area according to the total compensation factors formed by the compensation factors and the detector item compensation factors.

The specific implementation of the present invention will be specifically described below:

Step 201: Establish an observation system for the original data in the seismic exploration (ie, the seismic data in the exploration work area), and edit the original data to eliminate the seismic road with serious noise pollution.

Step 202: Select an appropriate time window, calculate the average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the time window, and use the energy of each seismic trace. The calculation formula is

Where T is the length of the time window, N is the number of components of the seismic data, if it is a single component, such as longitudinal wave seismic exploration, N is equal to 1, and if it is a three-component seismic exploration, N is equal to 3. C _n,t is the amplitude value of the t-th sample point of the nth component in the time window.

Step 203: Calculate the average value Avg and the mean square error Std of all the seismic energy of the whole area, perform a preliminary test of the surface consistency of each seismic energy according to the principle of 3 times mean square error, and remove the abnormal seismic track according to the test result (ie, suspected non- The data consistency of the surface consistency), the surface consistency amplitude compensation is performed in the remaining seismic gathers (ie, the representative data volume), and the non-surface consistency amplitude correction is performed on the excluded seismic traces. In addition, the average energy is calculated in a representative data volume as the expected value of the full-area amplitude correction. The specific calculation formula is:

Where M is the total number of seismic traces in the whole zone, and K is the total number of seismic traces of representative data volumes.

Step 204: Calculate the total compensation factor expectation value of each track in a representative data body, and the specific calculation formula is:

Scale _m =Expect/Eng _m (5)

Step 205: Extract a common shot point gather in a representative data body, and statistically analyze the compensation factors of each source.

Where Scale _s is the compensation factor expectation value of the seismic trace associated with the S-th shot, and N _s is the number of coverage times of the common shot gather.

Step 206: Extract a common offset track gather in a representative data body, and statistically analyze the compensation factors of each offset segment.

Where Scale _o is the expected value of the compensation factor for the seismic trace associated with the 0th offset section, and N _o is the number of coverages of the total offset set.

Step 207: Extract the same structural item gathers in the representative data body, and statistically analyze the compensation factors corresponding to the respective structural items.

Where Scale _c is the compensation factor expectation value of the seismic trace associated with the Cth construction term, and N _c is the number of coverage times of the construction item gather.

Among them, the extraction of the construction item gather is basically the same as the current method. In the case of longitudinal wave seismic data processing, the common center point (ie CMP, or CDP) gather is the structural item gather; if it is the converted shear wave seismic data processing, the common asymptotic transition point gather is generally used as the structural item gather . If the three-component seismic data is processed, it needs to be determined according to the time window selected in step 202. If the main energy in the time window range is the longitudinal wave energy, the common center gather is used as the structural item gather; if the main energy When the shear wave energy is converted, the common asymptotic conversion point gather is used as a structural item gather.

Step 208: Extract a common attitude gather in the common detection track gather, perform statistical analysis on each common attitude gather, and obtain a detector compensation factor corresponding to each common attitude gather.

The specific method is as follows: (1) In the three-component seismic exploration, the inclination value of each component can be read from the seismic data track head, and each inclination value or a combination thereof is used as the attitude identification code. If there are more than two attitude identification codes in different detector placement times in the common detector locus, it is possible to add the layout time and combine them together to form a new gesture identification code. (2) For single-component seismic exploration, the same detector physics can be recorded from the field construction record At the point position, the order of the detectors is set in the order of the time, and the layout time is used as the identification code of the gesture. Finally, different common attitude gathers are extracted according to different pose identification codes in the common checkpoint track set.

The compensation factor for the common attitude gather is calculated as:

Where Scale _α is the compensation factor expectation associated with the A-co-coordinate set of gathers, and N _α is the number of coverages of the common pose gather.

Step 209: Decompose the total compensation factor of each seismic data into a shot compensation factor S _{m, s} , a detection point compensation factor A _{m, α} , a offset compensation factor O _{m, o,} and a structural item compensation factor C _{m, c} Etc., and calculate the total compensation factor for each seismic trace data according to formula (10).

Log(Scale _m,s,α,o,c )=log(S _m,s )+log(A _m,α )+log(O _m,o )+log(C _m,c ) (10)

Step 210: Perform an iterative calculation according to the classical Gauss-Seidel iterative method to obtain the final compensation factors.

In the formula, the left end of each equation is calculated as the compensation factor of the shot point, the detection point, the offset, and the structural item in the Kth iteration. After 3 iterations, a suitable compensation factor can be obtained.

Step 211: Perform the surface consistency compensation for each seismic data in the representative data volume by using the compensation factor obtained in step 210. When the invention proposes to apply, only two compensation factors of the shot point and the detection point are applied, and not all factors are applicable. Because the structural term corresponds to the response of the subsurface geological anomaly, the offset term corresponds to the variation of the amplitude with the offset (ie AVO), which is also the response related to the underground geological body, and the non-surface consistency problem.

Step 212: Calculate the average value and the mean square error of the compensated amplitude energy according to the methods of steps 202 and 203 for the compensated seismic data in step 211.

Step 213: Perform non-surface consistency amplitude verification and correction.

In the suspected non-surface consistent data body extracted in step 203, if the corresponding shot point and the detection point can find the corresponding compensation factor in the calculation of step 210, the seismic channel data is amplitude compensated. At the same time, the compensated amplitude energy is tested according to the average value and the mean square error in step 212. If it belongs to the range of 3 times mean square error, the amplitude difference of the seismic data is considered to belong to the surface. Consistency issues and acceptance of surface consistency compensation. If the range of the mean square error is more than 3 times, the amplitude difference of the seismic data is considered to be a non-surface consistency problem, and the ground surface consistency compensation is rejected, and the seismic data energy is corrected to the expected value of the earthquake data amplitude correction of the whole region.

If a seismic trace cannot find the corresponding shot point and the detection point compensation factor in the calculation of step 210, it is considered that the data amplitude difference of the track belongs to the non-surface consistency problem, and the seismic data energy is corrected to the whole area seismic data amplitude correction. The expected value of Expect.

At this point, the surface consistency amplitude compensation was performed on the seismic data of the whole region, and the non-surface consistency amplitude correction was also performed on a few seismic traces that did not satisfy the surface consistency amplitude test. Finally, after the treatment of the present invention, the seismic data of the whole region can obtain high-fidelity amplitude compensation, eliminating the surface amplitude anomaly, and retaining the inherent energy proportional relationship between the three components in the three-component seismic exploration. Provides high quality basic data for subsequent data processing and interpretation inversion.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides a co-attack gather surface consistency amplitude compensation device, as shown in FIG. 12, including:

The obtaining unit 11 is configured to acquire seismic data in the exploration work area and the corresponding construction work report.

The first calculating unit 12 is configured to calculate an average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the seismic data acquired by the acquiring unit 11 to obtain the seismic channel energy of the track.

Specifically, the first calculating unit 12 is specifically used according to the formula

Calculate the average total energy of all components of each channel of data to obtain the seismic energy of each channel.

The checking unit 13 is configured to perform a preliminary test of the surface consistency of each track energy calculated by the first calculating unit 12.

Specifically, the checking unit 13 includes: a first calculating subunit for using a formula according to the formula

Calculate the mean and mean square error of all seismic energy in the exploration area, and obtain the average and mean square error of the work area; where M is the total number of seismic traces in the entire work area.

The first determining unit 14 is configured to determine all the seismic energy of the inspection result of the verification unit 13 according to the first preset condition as a representative data volume.

Specifically, the first determining unit 14 includes a first statistical subunit and a first determining subunit, where the first statistical subunit is configured to calculate the seismic energy of the difference between the average value of the work area and the mean square error area of the work area; A determining subunit is configured to determine the seismic channel energy of the first statistical subunit as a representative data volume.

The second calculating unit 15 is configured to calculate each compensation factor corresponding to each track energy in the representative data body determined by the first determining unit 14, and each compensation factor includes at least a source term compensation factor.

The extracting unit 16 is configured to extract a common attitude gather in the common detection wave point gather of the exploration work area according to different postures of the detector.

The third calculating unit 17 is configured to calculate a detector term compensation factor in the common attitude track set extracted by the extracting unit 16.

Specifically, the third calculating unit is specifically used according to the formula

The surface consistency amplitude compensation unit 18 is configured to perform seismic compensation data for the entire work area according to the total compensation factors formed by the compensation factors calculated by the second calculation unit 15 and the detector term compensation factors calculated by the third calculation unit 17 Surface consistency amplitude compensation.

Specifically, the surface consistency amplitude compensation unit 18 includes a second calculation subunit and a surface consistency amplitude compensation subunit;

a second calculation subunit for calculating according to the formula log(Scale _{m, s, α, o, c} )=log(S _m,s )+log(A _m,α )+log(O _m,o )+log( C _m,c ), calculate the total compensation factor for each seismic trace data.

The surface consistency amplitude compensation sub-unit is configured to perform surface consistency amplitude compensation on the seismic data of the entire work area according to the total compensation factor calculated by the second calculation sub-unit.

The surface consistency amplitude compensation unit 18 is further configured to perform surface consistency amplitude compensation on the suspected non-surface consistent data volume.

Further, the apparatus further includes a second determining unit configured to use all of the seismic energy of the second predetermined condition as the suspected non-surface consistent data volume.

Specifically, the second determining unit includes a second statistic subunit and a second deterministic subunit, and the second statistic subunit is configured to count the difference between the average value of the work area and the seismic trace energy outside the mean square error region of the work area; The second determining subunit is configured to determine the statistically obtained seismic trace energy as a suspected non-surface consistent data volume.

Further, the apparatus further includes a third determining unit configured to determine the seismic channel energy of the common detection point concentrator detector in different deployment times as the corresponding common attitude gather.

Specifically, the third determining unit is specifically configured to: according to the size of the respective dip angles of the three components measured by the seismic acquisition system and the construction class report, extract the seismic energy of the detectors in different sets of time in the common detection wave track, and determine Corresponding common attitude gathers.

Further, the apparatus further includes a fourth calculating unit, configured to calculate each compensation factor and the detector term compensation factor according to the Gauss-Seidel iterative method;

Further, the device further includes:

A fifth calculating unit is configured to calculate the seismic energy of the compensated suspected non-surface consistent data volume.

The sixth calculating unit is configured to calculate an average value and a mean square error of all the seismic energy of the representative data volume after the surface consistency amplitude compensation.

The verification unit is configured to verify the seismic energy of the suspected non-surface consistent data volume according to the average value and the mean square error calculated by the sixth calculating unit, and obtain the verification result.

And a retaining unit, configured to retain the suspected non-surface consistent data volume that passes through the surface consistency amplitude compensation when determining that the verification result of the verification unit meets the first preset condition.

The non-surface consistency amplitude compensation unit is configured to perform non-surface consistency amplitude compensation on the suspected non-surface consistent data volume when determining that the verification result meets the second preset condition.

The culling unit is configured to cull the suspected non-surface consistent data body when determining that the verification result of the verification unit meets the second preset condition.

Further, the non-surface consistency amplitude compensation unit comprises:

The third calculation subunit, according to the formula

Calculating the expected value of the representative data volume of the entire work area corresponding to the seismic data after the seismic data is compensated by the surface consistency amplitude, where K is the total number of seismic traces in the representative data volume;

a fourth calculating subunit, configured to calculate a corresponding non-surface consistency compensation factor as a final compensation factor according to the formula Scale _m = Expect/Eng _m ;

The non-surface consistency amplitude compensation sub-unit performs non-surface consistency amplitude compensation on the suspected non-surface consistent data volume according to the final compensation factor calculated by the fourth calculation sub-unit.

The common attitude road set surface consistency amplitude compensation device provided by the invention, in addition to the surface consistency amplitude compensation in the amplitude compensation process, corrects the non-surface consistency amplitude difference of the unqualified seismic track, so that The correction and compensation results of the seismic trace data are more accurate.

The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. It is within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

A common attitude gather set surface consistency amplitude compensation method, which is characterized in that:

Obtaining seismic data in the exploration work area and the construction work report corresponding to the seismic data;

Calculating an average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the seismic data to obtain seismic trace energy of the track;

Performing a preliminary test of surface consistency for each of the seismic energy, and determining all seismic energy of the first predetermined condition as a representative data volume;

Calculating, in the representative data body, each compensation factor corresponding to each track energy, the compensation factors including at least a source term compensation factor;

And extracting a common attitude gather from the common detection track points of the seismic data of the exploration area according to a preset posture of the detector, and calculating a detector item compensation factor in the common attitude track set;

And performing surface consistency amplitude compensation on the seismic data of the entire work area according to the compensation factors and the total compensation factor formed by the detector term compensation factor.
The method of claim 1 wherein said seismic data comprises single component seismic data and three component seismic data;

Calculating the average total energy of all components of each seismic data in the seismic data includes:

According to the formula
Calculating an average total energy of all components of each of the data in the seismic trace data to obtain seismic trace energy for each track;

In the formula, T is the length of the time window, N is the number of components of the seismic data, and C n,t is the amplitude of the t-th sample at the t-th sample in the time window.
The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:

Performing a preliminary check on the surface consistency of each of the seismic energy, and constructing all the seismic energy of the second preset condition to constitute a suspected non-surface consistent data volume;

Performing a preliminary test of surface consistency for each of the seismic energy, and determining all seismic energy of the first predetermined condition as a representative data volume includes:

According to the formula
Calculating the mean and mean square error of all seismic energy in the exploration area, and obtaining the mean and mean square error of the work area; wherein, in the formula, M is the total number of seismic traces of the entire exploration work area;

The difference between the statistics and the average value of the work area is three times the seismic energy in the mean square error region of the work area, and the seismic energy is taken as a representative data body;

A preliminary test of surface consistency is performed on each of the seismic energy, and all seismic energy corresponding to the second predetermined condition constitutes a suspected non-surface consistent data body, including:

The difference between the statistics and the average value of the work area is three times the seismic energy outside the mean square error region of the work area, and the seismic energy is regarded as a suspected non-surface consistency data body.
The method according to claim 2, wherein the compensation factors further comprise: a offset term compensation factor and a construction term compensation factor.
The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the method further comprises:

For the single-component seismic data, the seismic energy of the detectors recorded in the construction class report is set to be a corresponding common attitude gather in the common detection track gather;

For the three-component seismic data, according to the magnitudes of the respective dip angles of the three components measured by the seismic acquisition system and the construction shift report, the seismic trace energy of the detectors in different sets of time is extracted from the common detection point gathers to form a corresponding common attitude. Taoist set.
The method according to claim 5, wherein calculating the detector term compensation factor in the common attitude track set comprises:

According to the formula
A detector term compensation factor is calculated in the common attitude track set; wherein Scale α is a compensation factor expectation value associated with the A-co-coordinate track set, and N α is a number of tracks of all seismic data included in the common attitude track set.
The method according to claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: calculating the compensation factors and the detector term compensation factor according to a Gauss-Seidel iterative method; wherein the Gauss-Seidel The iterative method includes the formula:

Where S s , A α , O o and C c are the source term compensation factor, the detector term compensation factor, the offset term compensation factor and the structural term compensation factor, Scale m, s, α, o, respectively. c is the total compensation factor.
The method of claim 7 wherein the seismic data of the entire work area is subjected to surface consistency amplitude compensation, comprising:

Calculate each according to the formula log(Scale m, s, α, o, c )=log(S m,s )+log(A m,α )+log(O m,o )+log(C m,c ) Total compensation factor for seismic trace data;

Performing surface consistency amplitude compensation on the seismic data of the entire work area according to the total compensation factor;

The method further includes:

Performing surface consistency amplitude compensation on the suspected non-surface consistent data volume, and calculating the seismic trace energy of the compensated suspected non-surface consistent data volume;

Calculating an average value and a mean square error of all seismic energy of the representative data volume after the surface consistency amplitude compensation, and calculating the seismic energy of the suspected non-surface consistent data volume according to the average value and the mean square error Verify and get the verification result;

When it is determined that the verification result meets the first preset condition, retaining corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume and performing surface consistency amplitude compensation thereon;

When it is determined that the verification result meets the second preset condition, the corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume is eliminated or non-surface consistency amplitude compensation is performed.
The method of claim 8 wherein performing non-surface consistency amplitude compensation on the corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume comprises:

According to the formula
Calculating an expected value of the corresponding seismic data in the representative data volume after the surface consistency amplitude compensation, wherein K is the total number of seismic traces in the representative data volume;

Calculate the non-surface consistency compensation factor as the final compensation factor according to the formula Scale m =Expect/Eng m ;

And performing non-surface consistency amplitude compensation on the corresponding seismic trace data in the suspected non-surface consistent data volume according to the final compensation factor.
A common attitude gather surface consistency amplitude compensation device, comprising:

An acquisition unit, configured to acquire seismic data in a exploration work area and a corresponding construction work report;

a first calculating unit, configured to calculate an average total energy of all components of each piece of seismic data in the seismic data acquired by the acquiring unit, to obtain a seismic channel energy of the track;

a verification unit, configured to perform a preliminary test of surface consistency on the seismic energy calculated by each of the first computing units;

a first determining unit, configured to determine all seismic energy of the first predetermined condition as a representative data volume;

a second calculating unit, configured to calculate, according to the representative data body determined by the first determining unit, each compensation factor corresponding to each track energy, where the compensation factors include at least a source term compensation factor ;

Extracting unit, configured to extract a common attitude gather in the common detection wave point of the exploration work area according to different postures of the detector;

a third calculating unit, configured to calculate a detector term compensation factor in the common attitude track set extracted by the extracting unit;

a surface consistency amplitude compensation unit, configured to calculate, according to the compensation factors calculated by the second calculating unit, a total compensation factor formed by the detector term compensation factor calculated by the third calculating unit, for the whole Seismic data from the work area is used for surface consistency amplitude compensation.