CN113007701A - 一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉 - Google Patents

一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉 Download PDF

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CN113007701A
CN113007701A CN201911323911.7A CN201911323911A CN113007701A CN 113007701 A CN113007701 A CN 113007701A CN 201911323911 A CN201911323911 A CN 201911323911A CN 113007701 A CN113007701 A CN 113007701A
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景磊
毛军华
陆晓焰
周翔
夏胜
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Wuxi Huaguang Boiler Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于锅炉设备领域，具体涉及一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其能够提高分离效率，降低能耗和NOx排放，其包括炉膛、分离器、尾部烟道，分离器底部设置有连通炉膛的返料装置，炉膛上设置有给煤装置，炉膛底部设置有布风板和点火装置，尾部烟道内设置有省煤器和空预器，点火装置侧部设置有一次热风接入口，点火装置前端设置有扩口区和缓冲区，缓冲区覆盖布风板下方整个风室，分离器包括两个，每个分离器的中心筒偏心布置，分离器的蜗壳下倾，分离器的进口烟道沿进气方向由宽变窄布置，省煤器由至少两列省煤器管组成，相邻的两列省煤器管之间错列布置，同一列省煤器管顺列布置。

Description

一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉
技术领域
本发明属于锅炉设备领域，具体涉及一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉。
背景技术
随着国家环保政策的日益严格，以前的循环流化床热水锅炉技术已经不能满足环保要求。老技术存在分离器分离效率低，床温高，NOx排放高，煤耗高等缺点，已无法满足现有企业的要求。
发明内容
为了解决现有循环流化床热水锅炉分离效率低，能耗高，NOx排放高的问题，本发明提供了一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其能够提高分离效率，降低能耗和NOx排放。
其技术方案是这样的：一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其包括炉膛、分离器、尾部烟道，所述分离器底部设置有连通所述炉膛的返料装置，所述炉膛上设置有给煤装置，所述炉膛底部设置有布风板和点火装置，所述尾部烟道内设置有省煤器和空预器，其特征在于，所述点火装置侧部设置有一次热风接入口，所述点火装置前端设置有扩口区和缓冲区，所述缓冲区覆盖布风板下方整个风室，所述分离器包括两个，每个所述分离器的中心筒偏心布置，所述分离器的蜗壳下倾，所述分离器的进口烟道沿进气方向由宽变窄布置，所述省煤器由至少两列省煤器管组成，相邻的两列所述省煤器管之间错列布置，同一列所述省煤器管顺列布置。
其进一步特征在于，所述炉膛为膜式水冷壁结构，所述省煤器所在区域均为护板炉墙；
所述返料装置布置三个风室，分别接入松动风、输送风和返料风；
所述空预器卧式布置且一、二次风比例为1：1；
所述空预器末级采用搪瓷管；
所述炉膛内设置有水冷屏。
采用本发明后，分离器设置两个，并且分离器蜗壳下倾、提高分离器进口烟道处进口速度、中心筒偏心布置等设计来提高分离器的分离效率，省煤器采用顺列和错列组合布置，不易积灰，提高传热效果，大大节约能耗，并且点火装置处采用扩口区加缓冲区结构，一次风经过扩口区，流经缓冲区，最后平稳均匀的进入风室，保证了布风板的无死区，无偏流区，无局部富氧区，有效降低了NOx的生成。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为点火装置结构示意图；
图3为分离器正视图；
图4为分离器俯视图；
图5为省煤器示意图；
图6为省煤器管布局图。
具体实施方式
见图1，图2，图3，图4，图5，图6所示，一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其包括炉膛1、分离器2、尾部烟道6，分离器2底部设置有连通炉膛1的返料装置4，返料装置4布置三个风室，分别接入松动风、输送风和返料风，依次起松动、输送和返料的作用，返料装置中返料风帽与接管采用焊接型式，避免运行过程中风帽头脱落，造成返料不畅炉膛上设置有给煤装置。炉膛1底部设置有布风板7和点火装置8，尾部烟道6内设置有省煤器4和空预器5，点火装置8侧部设置有一次热风接入口11，点火装置8前端设置有扩口区12和缓冲区13，缓冲区覆盖布风板下方整个风室，分离器2包括左右布置的两个，尽量采用大直径，每个分离器2的中心筒14偏心布置，分离器2的蜗壳15下倾，分离器2的进口烟道沿进气方向由宽变窄布置，提高烟气进气速度，省煤器由三列省煤器管16组成，相邻的两列省煤器管16之间错列布置，同一列省煤器管16顺列布置，单一的顺列布置的省煤器管16易积灰，传热效果差，不利于成本控制。而单一的错列布置的省煤器管16无法满足管内工质流速的要求。为了降低省煤器钢材耗量，提高受热面传热系数，现设计的省煤器为在三管圈顺列的基础上，再错列布置。以168MW热水锅炉为例，管子规格φ42*3.5，在工质速度和烟气速度合理的情况下，省煤器面积可以减少约1000平方米。上级的省煤器采用水吊管悬吊于顶板上，下级的省煤器采用管夹悬吊。两级省煤器4之间预留脱硝空间。
炉膛1为膜式水冷壁结构，省煤器4所在区域均为护板炉墙；炉膛1内设置有水冷屏11，低温回水经回水分配集箱，引一路回水进入水冷屏进口集箱，沿水冷屏上行进入水冷屏上集箱，再进入锅筒。以168MW热水锅炉为例，水冷屏的设计，可以使炉膛高度和锅炉整体高度降低6米，大大降低锅炉钢材耗量，提高锅炉市场竞争力。
空预器卧式布置且一、二次风比例为1：1；空预器末级采用搪瓷管，为了防止低温腐蚀和堵灰。

Claims (6)

1.一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其包括炉膛、分离器、尾部烟道，所述分离器底部设置有连通所述炉膛的返料装置，所述炉膛上设置有给煤装置，所述炉膛底部设置有布风板和点火装置，所述尾部烟道内设置有省煤器和空预器，其特征在于，所述点火装置侧部设置有一次热风接入口，所述点火装置前端设置有扩口区和缓冲区，所述缓冲区覆盖布风板下方整个风室，所述分离器包括两个，每个所述分离器的中心筒偏心布置，所述分离器的蜗壳下倾，所述分离器的进口烟道沿进气方向由宽变窄布置，所述省煤器由至少两列省煤器管组成，相邻的两列所述省煤器管之间错列布置，同一列所述省煤器管顺列布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其特征在于，所述炉膛为膜式水冷壁结构，所述省煤器所在区域均为护板炉墙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其特征在于，所述返料装置布置三个风室，分别接入松动风、输送风和返料风。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其特征在于，所述空预器卧式布置且一、二次风比例为1：1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其特征在于，所述空预器末级采用搪瓷管。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉，其特征在于，所述炉膛内设置有水冷屏。
CN201911323911.7A 2019-12-20 2019-12-20 一种低氮环保循环流化床热水锅炉 Pending CN113007701A (zh)

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